A method for restoring salt marsh vegetation

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for restoring vegetation in a salt marsh, which belongs to the field of ecological restoration technology and includes the following steps: preparing an auxiliary planting structure: the auxiliary planting structure includes three-dimensional components arranged and connected in an array, and the bottom of the three-dimensional components is provided with an inner groove and the periphery is provided with hollow holes; formulating a layout plan: if the ground layout method is adopted, the auxiliary planting structure needs to be placed on the surface of the sediment; if the ground and underground combined layout method is adopted, the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure needs to be divided into an above-ground part and an underground part for combination, the underground part needs to be buried in the sediment, and the above-ground part needs to be placed on the surface of the sediment; implementing the auxiliary planting technology: if seeds are used, sowing is carried out during the layout of the auxiliary planting structure; if seedlings are used, some three-dimensional components are removed to form transplanting holes, and then the seedlings are transplanted. The method can stabilize the substrate, slow down the hydrodynamics, promote the early planting of salt marsh seedlings, and reduce the grazing and damage of benthic animals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and in particular to a method for restoring salt marsh vegetation. Background Art

[0002] Salt marsh vegetation is an important primary producer in coastal wetland ecosystems and is of great significance in terms of beach protection, carbon storage and maintaining biodiversity. Under the influence of environmental disturbances such as tidal flat hydrodynamics, the restoration of salt marsh plants has a prominent problem of low survival rate. At present, the main measures used to improve the efficiency of salt marsh vegetation restoration are to increase plant planting density, plant in large patches and auxiliary sowing. However, the methods of increasing plant planting density and planting in large patches have high labor costs, and the restoration effect is not ideal under strong hydrodynamic conditions. In addition, in areas rich in benthic animals, there is a lack of effective methods to prevent and control benthic animal grazing and damage, which often makes it difficult to maintain the restoration effect. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned technical problems and provide a salt marsh vegetation restoration method, which can stabilize the substrate, slow down hydrodynamics, promote the early colonization of salt marsh seedlings, reduce gnawing and damage by benthic animals, improve the recovery efficiency of seeds or seedlings under strong hydrodynamic conditions, and reduce the risk of difficulty in maintaining the restoration effect due to gnawing and damage by benthic animals. The present invention is a salt marsh restoration technology that is supplemented by artificial restoration and mainly based on natural restoration.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention discloses a method for restoring salt marsh vegetation, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Prepare an auxiliary implantation structure: the auxiliary implantation structure comprises three-dimensional components arranged in an array and connected to each other, the bottom of the three-dimensional components is provided with an inner groove extending toward the top thereof, the periphery of the three-dimensional components is provided with hollow holes communicating with the inner groove, and the bottom of the three-dimensional components faces downward when in use;

[0006] Formulate a layout plan: Determine whether to use an above-ground layout or a combined above-ground and underground layout based on the actual habitat conditions in the salt marsh restoration area; if the above-ground layout is used, a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary colonization structure needs to be placed on the surface of the sediment in the salt marsh restoration area, and then the auxiliary colonization structure is anchored. The multi-layer auxiliary colonization structure needs to be stacked and connected together; if the above-ground and underground combined layout is used, the multi-layer auxiliary colonization structure needs to be divided into an above-ground part and an underground part. The underground part includes a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary colonization structure that needs to be buried in the sediment of the salt marsh restoration area. The multi-layer auxiliary colonization structure needs to be stacked. The above-ground part includes a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure which needs to be placed on the surface of the sediment in the salt marsh restoration area, and then the auxiliary planting structure is anchored. The multi-layer auxiliary planting structures need to be stacked and connected together; implementation of auxiliary planting technology: seeds or seedlings are used as salt marsh plant restoration materials; if seeds are used as salt marsh plant restoration materials, they are sown in the salt marsh restoration area during the layout of the auxiliary planting structure; if seedlings are used as salt marsh plant restoration materials, some three-dimensional components are removed from the auxiliary planting structure to form transplanting holes, and the seedlings are transplanted in the transplanting holes.

[0007] Preferably, in the step of formulating a deployment plan: formulating a deployment plan according to the area, hydrodynamics, abundance of benthic animals and plant species of the salt marsh restoration area;

[0008] According to the area of ​​salt marsh restoration: 1-4 single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary structures are arranged in each 2m×2m restoration area, and each layer of auxiliary planting structures is spliced ​​individually or in multiple layers as needed;

[0009] According to the hydrodynamics of the salt marsh restoration area: if the water flow in the salt marsh restoration area is gentle and scouring and erosion are not serious, a single-layer auxiliary planting structure should be chosen; if the water flow in the salt marsh restoration area is turbulent and scouring and erosion are serious, a multi-layer auxiliary planting structure should be chosen;

[0010] According to the abundance of benthic animals in the salt marsh restoration area: if the benthic animals in the salt marsh restoration area are low in abundance and predation pressure is small, a single-layer auxiliary colonization structure is selected; if the benthic animals in the salt marsh restoration area are abundant and predation pressure is high, a multi-layer auxiliary colonization structure is selected;

[0011] According to the plant species: when using seedlings, for plant species with weak and small leaves, increase the number of auxiliary planting structure layers of the above-ground part; for plant species with stretched and wide leaves, the auxiliary planting structure of the above-ground part shall not exceed three layers; when using seeds, the auxiliary planting structure of the above-ground part shall not exceed two layers.

[0012] Preferably, the seeds are species with high yield and high seed germination rate, and the seedlings are species with strong asexual tillering ability.

[0013] Preferably, seeds or seedlings are selected based on ease of availability and cost.

[0014] Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:

[0015] Prepare salt marsh plant restoration materials: If seedlings are used, in spring from April to May, when the seedlings are more than 10 cm tall, use a shovel or sampler to collect salt marsh plant columnar samples with soil in a patch size of not less than 10 cm × 10 cm and a depth of not less than 15 cm from the salt marsh communities that grow well in coastal wetlands, and then transport them to the restoration site for planting; if seeds are used, collect seeds of plants that grow well in coastal wetlands from September to November in autumn, dry them for storage, and perform vernalization treatment on the seeds in an artificial climate chamber at least 30 to 50 days in advance. The treated seeds should be moisturized or mixed with moist sand and transported to the salt marsh restoration area.

[0016] Preferably, in the implementation step of the auxiliary colonization technology:

[0017] In spring from April to May, when the average daily temperature reaches 15℃, seeds can be sown or seedlings can be transplanted.

[0018] Preferably, in the implementation step of the auxiliary colonization technology:

[0019] When the seedling transplanting method is adopted, if the above-ground and underground combined layout method is adopted, it is necessary to first dig a pit in the sediment surface of the salt marsh restoration area according to the size of the area of ​​the auxiliary planting structure layer buried underground, bury the underground auxiliary planting structure in the pit, and then plant the plant seedlings to be transplanted into the transplanting holes, and then place and connect the above-ground auxiliary planting structure layers layer by layer, and ensure the firmness of the connection and avoid damage to the plants; if the above-ground layout method is adopted, the seedlings are directly transplanted into the sediment, and then the seedlings are inserted into the transplanting holes of the auxiliary planting structure, and then the above-ground auxiliary planting structure layers are placed and connected together layer by layer;

[0020] When the seed sowing method is adopted, a combined above-ground and underground layout method is adopted. First, it is necessary to dig a pit on the sediment surface of the salt marsh restoration area according to the size of the auxiliary planting structure layer buried underground, bury the underground auxiliary planting structure in the pit, and then spread the vernalized seeds evenly on the sediment surface of the salt marsh restoration area according to the preset density, and dig sediments nearby for shallow burial, cover the seeds, and then place the auxiliary planting structure layer of the above-ground part layer by layer and connect them together; if the above-ground layout method is adopted, spread the vernalized seeds evenly on the sediment surface of the salt marsh restoration area according to the preset density, and dig sediments nearby for shallow burial, cover the seeds, and then place the auxiliary planting structure of the above-ground part layer by layer and connect them together.

[0021] Preferably, the following steps are also included: Restoration effect monitoring and replanting:

[0022] After implementing the assisted planting technology, the survival rate, plant height and cover of transplanted seedlings or the emergence rate, survival rate, plant height and cover after sowing were monitored weekly. After one month, if the survival rate exceeded 80% and the density reached 100 plants / m 2 If the plant density, height and coverage indicators show an upward trend with the extension of recovery time, the salt marsh vegetation restoration and colonization method is considered to be completed.

[0023] Preferably, the auxiliary customized structure is made of degradable materials.

[0024] Preferably, during anchoring, bamboo poles, U-shaped nails or anchor rods are used to penetrate the single-layer auxiliary planting structure or the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure from top to bottom to fix it on the salt marsh restoration area.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0026] The salt marsh vegetation restoration and colonization method of the present invention is used in salt marsh restoration areas, can stabilize the base, slow down water dynamics, promote the early colonization of salt marsh seedlings, reduce the grazing of benthic animals, and can improve the survival rate of salt marsh restoration under strong water dynamic conditions. Afterwards, the auxiliary colonization structure will be degraded in the natural environment and will not have any adverse effects on the environment. A small amount of salt marsh plants successfully colonized by the auxiliary colonization structure can achieve large-scale natural recovery with the help of the population's own reproduction and recovery capabilities, greatly reducing the manpower and material resources for restoration. It is a salt marsh restoration technology that uses artificial restoration as a supplement and natural restoration as a main method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the auxiliary colonization structure (hexagonal monomer structure) in the embodiment;

[0029] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the top view of the auxiliary implantation structure (hexagonal monomer structure) in the embodiment;

[0030] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the three-dimensional component (hexagonal monomer structure) in the embodiment;

[0031] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the double-layer auxiliary colonization structure (hexagonal monomer structure) in the embodiment;

[0032] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the auxiliary planting structure (hexagonal monomer structure) containing the transplanting hole 8 in the embodiment;

[0033] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the auxiliary implantation structure (semicircular monomer structure) in the embodiment;

[0034] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the top view of the auxiliary implantation structure (semicircular monomer structure) in the embodiment;

[0035] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the three-dimensional component (semi-circular monomer structure) in the embodiment;

[0036] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the double-layer auxiliary implantation structure (semicircular monomer structure) in the embodiment;

[0037] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the auxiliary planting structure (semicircular monomer structure) containing the transplanting hole 8 in the embodiment;

[0038] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the location of the test area in the embodiment;

[0039] Fig.12 This is a test site diagram of the strong hydrodynamic area (A zone) in the embodiment;

[0040] Fig.13 This is a test site map of the strong predation pressure area (area B) in the embodiment.

[0041] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1. three-dimensional component; 2. mother buckle; 3. child buckle; 4. hollow hole; 5. oblique support leg; 6. arc support leg; 7. connecting rod; 8. transplanting hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] This embodiment provides a method for restoring salt marsh vegetation, such as Figures 1 to 13 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0045] Prepare the auxiliary planting structure: The auxiliary planting structure includes three-dimensional components 1 arranged in an array and connected to each other, the bottom of the three-dimensional component 1 is provided with an inner groove extending toward the top thereof, and the periphery of the three-dimensional component 1 is provided with hollow holes 4 connected with the inner groove. When in use, the bottom of the three-dimensional component 1 faces downward;

[0046] Formulate a layout plan: Determine whether to adopt an above-ground layout method or an above-ground and underground combined layout method based on the actual situation of the salt marsh restoration area; if the above-ground layout method is adopted, a single-layer auxiliary colonization structure or a multi-layer auxiliary colonization structure needs to be placed above the surface of the sediment in the salt marsh restoration area, and then the auxiliary colonization structure is anchored. The multi-layer auxiliary colonization structure needs to be stacked and connected together. The connection can be made by snap connection or other connecting parts; if the above-ground and underground combined layout method is adopted, the multi-layer auxiliary colonization structure needs to be divided into an above-ground part and an underground part. The underground part includes a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary colonization structure that needs to be buried in the sediment of the salt marsh restoration area. The multi-layer auxiliary colonization structure needs to be stacked and connected together. The above-ground part includes a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary colonization structure that needs to be placed above the surface of the sediment in the salt marsh restoration area, and then the auxiliary colonization structure is anchored. The multi-layer auxiliary colonization structure needs to be stacked and connected together;

[0047] Implementation of auxiliary planting technology: Seeds or seedlings are selected as salt marsh plant restoration materials. If seeds are used as salt marsh plant restoration materials, they are sown in the salt marsh restoration area during the layout of the auxiliary planting structure. If seedlings are used as salt marsh plant restoration materials, some three-dimensional components 1 are removed from the auxiliary planting structure to form transplanting holes 8, and seedlings are transplanted in the salt marsh restoration area through the transplanting holes 8. The transplanting holes 8 are recommended to have a diameter of 10-15 cm, which can also be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0048] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 13 As shown in the figure, the implementation steps of the layout plan are as follows: Develop a layout plan based on the area, hydrodynamics, benthic animal richness and plant species of the salt marsh restoration area:

[0049] According to the area of ​​salt marsh restoration: 1-4 single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary structures are arranged in each 2m*2m restoration area, and each layer of auxiliary planting structures is spliced ​​individually or in multiple layers as needed;

[0050] According to the hydrodynamics of the salt marsh restoration area: if the water flow in the salt marsh restoration area is gentle and scouring and erosion are not serious, a single-layer auxiliary planting structure should be chosen; if the water flow in the salt marsh restoration area is turbulent and scouring and erosion are serious, a multi-layer auxiliary planting structure should be chosen;

[0051] According to the richness of benthic animals in the salt marsh restoration area: if the benthic animals in the salt marsh restoration area are low in richness and predation pressure is small, a single-layer auxiliary colonization structure will be chosen to be buried in the sediment; if the salt marsh restoration area is rich in benthic animals and the predation pressure is high, a multi-layer auxiliary colonization structure will be chosen to be laid out, and the combination of underground and above-ground auxiliary colonization structures will be used to reduce the degree of gnawing and damage of benthic animals on the stems, leaves and roots of salt marsh seedlings. It should be noted that in the actual restoration process, the underground and above-ground structures can be combined in multiple layers according to the actual habitat conditions, restored plant species, structural effects and restoration goals, and the above-ground and underground layout plan of the auxiliary colonization structure can be determined. It is usually recommended to splice the structure into an area of ​​about 1 square meter for use.

[0052] According to the plant species: when using seedlings, for plant species with weak and small leaves, the number of auxiliary planting structures in the above-ground part can be increased; for plant species with stretched and wide leaves, the number of auxiliary planting structures in the above-ground part shall not exceed three layers, which is conducive to the growth and extension of stems and leaves; when using seeds, the number of auxiliary planting structures in the above-ground part shall not exceed two layers, which is conducive to reducing the structure's blocking of light, thereby improving the germination rate and survival rate.

[0053] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 13 As shown, the sowing method uses species with large seed yield and high germination rate, and the seedling transplanting method uses species with strong asexual tillering ability. When transplanting, their plants, corms or seedlings can be considered as early recovery materials.

[0054] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 13 As shown, choose seeds or seedlings based on ease of access and cost.

[0055] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 13 As shown, the following steps are also included:

[0056] Prepare salt marsh plant restoration materials: If seedlings are used, then in spring from April to May, when the seedlings are more than 10 cm tall, use a shovel or sampler to collect salt marsh plant columnar samples with soil in a patch size of not less than 10 cm × 10 cm and a depth of not less than 15 cm from the salt marsh communities that grow well in coastal wetlands. Place them in transfer boxes and transport them to the restoration site for planting. If seeds are used, then in autumn from September to November, collect seeds of plants that grow well in coastal wetlands, dry them for storage, and perform vernalization treatment on the seeds in an artificial climate box at least 30 to 50 days in advance. The treated seeds should be moisturized or mixed with moist sand, placed in transfer boxes, and transported to the salt marsh restoration area.

[0057] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 13 As shown in the figure, in the implementation steps of assisted colonization technology:

[0058] In spring from April to May, when the average daily temperature reaches 15℃, seeds can be sown or seedlings can be transplanted.

[0059] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 13 As shown in the figure, in the implementation steps of assisted colonization technology:

[0060] When the seedling transplanting method is adopted, if a combined above-ground and underground layout method is adopted, it is necessary to first dig a pit in the sediment surface of the salt marsh restoration area according to the area size of the auxiliary planting structure layer buried underground, bury the auxiliary planting structure of the underground part in the pit, and then plant the plant seedlings to be transplanted into the transplanting holes, and then place and connect the auxiliary planting structure layers of the above-ground part layer by layer, and ensure the firmness of the connection and avoid damage to the plants; if the above-ground layout method is adopted, the seedlings are directly transplanted into the sediment, and then the seedlings are inserted into the transplanting holes 8 of the auxiliary planting structure, and then the auxiliary planting structure layers of the above-ground part are placed layer by layer and connected together through snaps or other connectors.

[0061] When adopting the sowing method, if the above-ground and underground combined layout method is adopted, it is necessary to first dig a pit on the sediment surface of the salt marsh restoration area according to the size of the auxiliary planting structure layer buried underground, bury the underground auxiliary planting structure in the pit, and then evenly spread the vernalized seeds on the sediment surface of the salt marsh restoration area according to the preset density, and dig sediments nearby for shallow burial to cover the seeds, and then place the above-ground auxiliary planting structure layer layer by layer and connect them together; it is recommended that the soil covering depth should not exceed 10cm, and the preset sowing density is recommended to be 500-1000 seeds / m 2 If the ground deployment method is adopted, the vernalized seeds are evenly spread on the sediment surface of the salt marsh restoration area according to the preset density, and the sediment is dug nearby for shallow burial to cover the seeds. It is recommended that the covering depth should not exceed 10cm. Then the auxiliary planting structure of the above-ground part is placed layer by layer and connected together through buckles or other connectors.

[0062] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 13 As shown, the following steps are also included:

[0063] Restoration effect monitoring and replanting:

[0064] After implementing the assisted planting technology, the survival rate, plant height and cover of transplanted seedlings or the emergence rate, survival rate, plant height and cover after sowing were monitored weekly. After one month, if the survival rate exceeded 80% and the density reached 100 plants / m 2 If the indicators such as plant density, height and coverage show an upward trend with the extension of recovery time, the salt marsh vegetation restoration and colonization method is deemed to be completed.

[0065] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 13As shown in the figure, the auxiliary customized structure is made of degradable materials. The auxiliary customized structure can help salt marsh plants to achieve early colonization in the initial stage of salt marsh restoration and improve the survival rate. After that, the auxiliary colonization structure will degrade in the natural environment and will not have any adverse effects on the environment. A small number of salt marsh plants successfully colonized by the auxiliary colonization structure can achieve large-scale natural recovery with the help of the population's own reproduction and recovery capabilities, greatly reducing the manpower and material resources for restoration. It is a salt marsh restoration technology that is supplemented by artificial restoration and mainly natural restoration. Degradable bio-based materials such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS) or polylactic acid (PLA). Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS) and polylactic acid (PLA) are all biodegradable and non-toxic bio-based materials.

[0066] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 13 As shown, during anchoring, bamboo poles, U-shaped nails or anchor rods and other materials are used to penetrate the single-layer auxiliary planting structure or the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure from top to bottom to firmly fix it on the salt marsh restoration area to prevent movement and loss due to hydrodynamics and adverse weather conditions.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] This embodiment provides an auxiliary planting structure, which can be used in the salt marsh vegetation restoration and planting method of embodiment 1, such as Figures 1 to 13As shown, the auxiliary planting structure is mainly composed of three-dimensional components 1 arranged in an array and interconnected. The bottom of each three-dimensional component 1 is provided with an inner groove, and the inner groove extends from the three-dimensional component 1 to the top of the three-dimensional component 1. The three-dimensional component 1 is provided with a hollow hole 4 around it, and the hollow hole 4 is connected to the inner groove. This auxiliary planting structure is mainly used for salt marsh vegetation restoration, and of course it can also be used for vegetation restoration in other areas. Before use, multiple auxiliary planting structures can be stacked together during transportation, and then disassembled and assembled after being transported to the restoration site, which can effectively prevent the auxiliary planting structure from being damaged during transportation. During use, the auxiliary planting structures can be combined differently according to the actual conditions such as the size of the salt marsh restoration area, hydrodynamics, and restoration goals. For example, in a single-layer usage mode, a single-layer auxiliary planting structure includes a single auxiliary planting structure or multiple auxiliary planting structures in a row or in a multi-layer combination. The single-layer auxiliary planting structure is placed and anchored on the sediment layer of the salt marsh restoration area. In a multi-layer usage mode, the single-layer auxiliary planting structures can be stacked up and down and connected by snaps or other connectors for combined use. Each layer of the auxiliary planting structure includes a single auxiliary planting structure or multiple auxiliary planting structures in a row. The multi-layer auxiliary planting structures can all be placed and anchored above the surface of the sediment in the salt marsh restoration area, or some layers can be buried underground and some can be exposed above the ground, and then anchored in the sediment in the salt marsh restoration area with environmentally friendly materials such as bamboo poles. The above-ground part can effectively slow down the water flow speed in the salt marsh restoration area, reduce the scouring force of the water flow, and reduce the grazing and damage of stems and leaves by benthic animals. The underground part can strengthen the stability of the soil base on the one hand, avoid the scouring and erosion of sediments caused by excessive water flow, and on the other hand, prevent benthic animals from damaging the roots. The heightening of the multi-layer structure can strengthen the protection of plant stems and leaves. When planting, it is divided into two materials: seeds and seedlings. The seeds can be sown in the hollow holes 4 of the auxiliary planting structure. If it is a seedling, it is necessary to remove the upper three-dimensional component 1 of the auxiliary planting structure as needed, such as cutting it with scissors or other tools, so as to make a transplanting hole 8 on the auxiliary planting structure, and transplant the seedlings at the transplanting hole 8 later. Generally speaking, it is recommended that the diameter of the transplanting hole 8 is 10-15cm, but should not exceed 20cm.

[0069] This auxiliary planting structure is designed and manufactured based on the principle of bionics, simulating the characteristics of aggregated plant populations. Burying the auxiliary planting structure in the sediment can stabilize the soil base and prevent benthic animals from damaging the root system. Fixing the auxiliary planting structure above the surface of the sediment can slow down the flow and promote siltation, promote the early colonization of salt marsh seedlings, reduce benthic animals gnawing on the stems and leaves of seedlings, and improve the recovery survival rate. The above-ground and underground layout of the auxiliary planting structure can be selected according to actual needs. The focus of this auxiliary planting structure is to help coastal wetland salt marsh plants achieve early colonization. Laying it on the tidal flat can slow down the flow and promote siltation, facilitate colonization, and reduce animal predation. If the hydrodynamics in the area are moderate, it is recommended to only fix auxiliary planting structures on the ground to play its role in slowing down flow, promoting siltation, and promoting early planting of salt marsh seedlings; if the hydrodynamics in the area are strong and the sediments are easily washed away, it is recommended to deploy structures both above and below ground; if the predation pressure of benthic animals in the area is large, it is recommended to deploy structures both above and below ground to prevent benthic animals from gnawing on the stems and leaves of salt marsh seedlings and damaging their root systems.

[0070] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 13 As shown, a top connector is provided at the top of the three-dimensional structure 1, and a bottom connector is provided at the bottom of the three-dimensional structure 1. The bottom connector and the top connector can be detachably connected to facilitate multi-layer assembly and connection of multiple auxiliary implantation structures. The detachable connection between the bottom connector and the top connector can be a snap-on connection, such as the top connector is a fixed slot and the bottom connector is a plug. Another example is that the detachable connection between the bottom connector and the top connector can be a lock-on connection, such as the top connector is a female buckle 2 and the bottom connector is a sub-buckle 3.

[0071] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 13 As shown, environmentally friendly materials such as bamboo poles of appropriate sizes can be used to penetrate and fix the auxiliary planting structure on the tidal flat.

[0072] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 13 As shown, the top connector and the bottom connector are respectively a female buckle 2 and a sub-buckle 3, that is, if the top connector is a female buckle 2, then the bottom connector is a sub-buckle 3; if the top connector is a sub-buckle 3, then the bottom connector is a female buckle 2. Through the snap connection method of the female buckle 2 and the sub-buckle 3, the connection and assembly of the upper and lower multi-layer auxiliary planting structure can be quickly realized.

[0073] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 13As shown, the top connecting piece is a sub-buckle 3, and the bottom connecting piece is a female buckle 2. The three-dimensional component 1 is a polygonal monomer structure, which includes a plurality of oblique legs 5. The number of the oblique legs 5 is consistent with the number of sides of the polygonal monomer structure, that is, if the polygonal monomer structure is a hexagon, then there are six oblique legs 5. The specific polygonal monomer structure can be made according to actual needs. The plurality of oblique legs 5 are arranged along the circumference of the sub-buckle 3. The top of the oblique leg 5 is connected to the sub-buckle 3, and a female buckle 2 is provided at the bottom of each oblique leg 5. Two adjacent female buckles 2 are connected by a connecting rod 7. Hollow holes 4 are formed between the plurality of oblique legs 5, and all the oblique legs 5 are surrounded by inner grooves.

[0074] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 13 As shown, the top connecting piece is a female buckle 2, and the bottom connecting pieces are sub-buckles 3. The three-dimensional component 1 is a semicircular monomer structure, which includes a plurality of arc support legs 6, which are arranged along the circumference of the female buckle 2, and the arc-shaped bends of the arc support legs 6 are arranged outward. The top of the arc support legs 6 is connected to the female buckle 2, and two adjacent semicircular monomer structures are connected through the bottom of the arc support legs 6. The sub-buckles 3 are arranged on the arc support legs 6 connecting the two adjacent semicircular monomer structures.

[0075] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 13 As shown, the array is arranged as a rectangular array (ie, a single auxiliary planting structure is rectangular as a whole) or a circular array (ie, a single auxiliary planting structure is circular as a whole). Usually, the array is arranged in a rectangular array, which is convenient for side-by-side arrangement or up-and-down stacking.

[0076] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 13 As shown, according to the results of the water tank and field experiments, when the array is arranged as a rectangular array and the three-dimensional stereoscopic component 1 is a hexagonal monomer structure, its water flow slowing effect is 62%. The array is arranged as a rectangular array, and the three-dimensional stereoscopic component 1 is a semicircular monomer structure, and its water flow slowing effect is 50%. The hexagonal monomer structure is better than the semicircular monomer structure in preventing animal predation. The auxiliary planting structure is buried in the sediment, which can play a role in stabilizing the base under the condition of a flow rate of less than 0.34m / s, prevent the root system from being uprooted, and greatly improve the success rate of planting. For plant species with weak and small leaves, the number of aboveground structure layers can be appropriately increased. For plant species with stretched and wide leaves, it is recommended that the aboveground structure should not exceed three layers, which is conducive to the growth and extension of stems and leaves. When using the auxiliary sowing method, it is recommended that the number of aboveground structure layers should not exceed two layers, which is conducive to reducing the structure's blocking of light, thereby improving the emergence rate and survival rate.

[0077] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 13As shown in the figure, the auxiliary colonization structure is a degradable bio-based material component, that is, all the component materials of the auxiliary colonization structure are degradable bio-based materials. Degradable bio-based materials such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS) or polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS) and polylactic acid (PLA) are all biodegradable and non-toxic bio-based materials. In the initial stage of salt marsh restoration, the auxiliary colonization structure can help salt marsh plants to achieve early colonization and improve the survival rate. After that, the auxiliary colonization structure will degrade in the natural environment and will not have any adverse effects on the environment. A small number of salt marsh plants successfully colonized by the auxiliary colonization structure can achieve large-scale natural recovery with the help of the population's own reproduction and recovery ability, greatly reducing the manpower and material resources for restoration. It is a salt marsh restoration technology that is supplemented by artificial restoration and mainly natural restoration.

[0078] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 13 The following are specific implementation cases:

[0079] In August 2024, an experiment was conducted on the fishing port natural tidal flat (31°30'54"N, 121°59'13"E) and the Nanhui Dongtan natural tidal flat (30°54'16"N, 121°58°32"E) of the Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve in Shanghai to efficiently restore the community of Tripterygium maritima using auxiliary planting structures ( Fig.11 ). The following two experiments were carried out: 1. Auxiliary colonization experiment in tidal flats with strong hydrodynamics (Area A); 2. Auxiliary colonization experiment in areas with strong predation pressure (Area B).

[0080] The test process is as follows:

[0081] (a) Collection of transplanted seedlings. Use a shovel or sampler to collect a 10 cm × 10 cm patch of Scirpus maritima with soil columnar samples with a depth of not less than 15 cm from a well-growing Scirpus maritima community in a coastal wetland for later use;

[0082] (b) Preparation of auxiliary structures: A 10 cm × 10 cm planting hole was cut in the center of the hexagonal auxiliary planting structure to reserve space for the subsequent transplanted patches.

[0083] (c) Determination of the experimental area. Two experimental areas were set up in the natural tidal flat of Chongming Dongtan Fishing Port: a strong hydrodynamic area at the front of the community of Scutellaria marinum (Area A) and an area rich in benthic animals (Area B). A strong hydrodynamic test site (Area A) was set up in Nanhui Dongtan.

[0084] (d) Implement auxiliary planting. In the three experimental areas, dig a pit of 50 cm × 25 cm × 7 cm in size; first transplant the collected sea sedge column with soil to the center of the pit, then fasten the two layers of auxiliary planting structure with buckles, and pass the plant through the central planting hole; then fasten the two layers of the above-ground structure with the underground structure with buckles, dig sediments nearby to bury the two layers of the underground auxiliary structure and the roots of the transplanted seedlings in the pit, and keep them flush with the surrounding sediment surface; finally, use 4 1m long PVC pipes to penetrate the four corners of the auxiliary planting structure and fix it on the tidal flat.

[0085] (e) Set up a control. In the three experimental areas, a 50 cm × 25 cm control experiment was set up 5 m away from the auxiliary planting plot. The control experiment only planted a patch of the same size of Scutellaria marinum (10 cm × 10 cm) without adding any auxiliary planting structure.

[0086] The observation results after 30 days are as follows:

[0087] (a) Test results in strong hydrodynamic area (Area A) Figure 2 ): In the sample plots using the auxiliary planting structure, the survival rate of transplanted sea sedge patches was >90%; while in the control sample plots without the auxiliary planting structure, the transplanted sea sedge patches had been washed away by the tide and the plant survival rate was 0%, indicating that the auxiliary planting structure greatly improved the survival rate of salt marsh transplants.

[0088] (b) Experimental results in the area of ​​strong predation pressure (area B) Figure 3 ): In the sample plots using the auxiliary planting structure, the survival rate of transplanted sea sedge patches was >80%; while in the control sample plots without the auxiliary planting structure, most of the stems and leaves of the transplanted sea sedge patches were easily destroyed by benthic animals such as crabs, and the plants had died, with a survival rate of 0%, indicating that the auxiliary planting structure can well protect the seedlings from being destroyed by benthic animals, which is beneficial to improving the survival rate of salt marsh transplants.

[0089] In summary, auxiliary colonization structures can effectively reduce flow velocity and prevent damage by benthic animals. When used in the wild environment, they can promote the colonization of salt marsh plants and improve the survival rate of salt marsh restoration.

[0090] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for restoring salt marsh vegetation, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Prepare an auxiliary implantation structure: the auxiliary implantation structure comprises three-dimensional components arranged in an array and connected to each other, the bottom of the three-dimensional components is provided with an inner groove extending toward the top thereof, the periphery of the three-dimensional components is provided with hollow holes communicating with the inner groove, and the bottom of the three-dimensional components faces downward when in use; Formulate a deployment plan: Determine whether to use an above-ground deployment method or a combined above-ground and underground deployment method based on the actual habitat conditions of the salt marsh restoration area; if the above-ground deployment method is used, a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure needs to be placed on the sediment surface of the salt marsh restoration area, and then the auxiliary planting structure needs to be anchored. Multi-layer auxiliary planting structures need to be stacked and connected together; If the above-ground and underground combined deployment method is adopted, the multi-layer auxiliary colonization structure needs to be divided into an above-ground part and an underground part. The underground part includes a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary colonization structure that needs to be buried in the sediment of the salt marsh restoration area. The multi-layer auxiliary colonization structure needs to be stacked and connected together. The above-ground part includes a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary colonization structure that needs to be placed on the surface of the sediment in the salt marsh restoration area. The auxiliary colonization structure is then anchored. The multi-layer auxiliary colonization structure needs to be stacked and connected together. Implementation of auxiliary planting technology: Seeds or seedlings are used as materials for restoring salt marsh plants; if seeds are used as materials for restoring salt marsh plants, they will be sown in the salt marsh restoration area during the layout of the auxiliary planting structure; If seedlings are used as salt marsh plant restoration materials, some three-dimensional components are removed from the auxiliary planting structure to form transplanting holes, and the seedlings are transplanted into the transplanting holes.

2. The method for restoring salt marsh vegetation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the implementation steps of the deployment plan: the deployment plan is developed based on the area, hydrodynamics, abundance of benthic animals and plant species in the salt marsh restoration area; According to the area of ​​salt marsh restoration: 1-4 single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary structures are arranged in each 2m×2m restoration area. The size of a single auxiliary planting structure is 40cm×40cm×3.5cm-100cm×100cm×4cm. Each layer of auxiliary planting structures can be spliced ​​individually or in multiple layers as needed. According to the hydrodynamics of the salt marsh restoration area: if the water flow in the salt marsh restoration area is gentle and scouring and erosion are not serious, a single-layer auxiliary planting structure will be chosen; if the water flow in the salt marsh restoration area is turbulent and scouring and erosion are serious, a multi-layer auxiliary planting structure will be chosen, and the combination of underground and above-ground auxiliary planting structures will be used to reduce the flow velocity and achieve slow flow; According to the abundance of benthic animals in the salt marsh restoration area: if the salt marsh restoration area is an area with low abundance of benthic animals and low predation pressure, a single-layer auxiliary colonization structure is selected; if the salt marsh restoration area is an area with high abundance of benthic animals and high predation pressure, a multi-layer auxiliary colonization structure is selected; According to the plant species: when using seedlings, for plant species with weak and small leaves, increase the number of auxiliary planting structure layers of the above-ground part; for plant species with stretched and wide leaves, the auxiliary planting structure of the above-ground part shall not exceed three layers, which is conducive to the growth and extension of stems and leaves; when using seeds, the auxiliary planting structure of the above-ground part shall not exceed two layers, which is conducive to reducing the structure's blocking of light, thereby improving the germination rate and survival rate.

3. The method for restoring salt marsh vegetation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seeds used should be species with high yield and high seed germination rate, and the seedlings should be species with strong asexual tillering ability.

4. The method for restoring salt marsh vegetation according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: Choose seeds or seedlings based on ease of access and cost.

5. The method for restoring salt marsh vegetation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: Prepare salt marsh plant restoration materials: If seedlings are used, in spring from April to May, when the seedlings are more than 10 cm tall, use a shovel or sampler to collect salt marsh plant columnar samples with soil in a patch size of not less than 10 cm × 10 cm and a depth of not less than 15 cm from the salt marsh communities that grow well in coastal wetlands, and then transport them to the restoration site for planting; if seeds are used, collect seeds of plants that grow well in coastal wetlands from September to November in autumn, dry them for storage, and perform vernalization treatment on the seeds in an artificial climate chamber at least 30 to 50 days in advance. The treated seeds should be moisturized or mixed with moist sand and transported to the salt marsh restoration area.

6. The method for restoring salt marsh vegetation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the implementation steps of assisted colonization technology: In spring from April to May, when the average daily temperature reaches 15℃, seeds can be sown or seedlings can be transplanted.

7. The method for restoring salt marsh vegetation according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the implementation steps of assisted colonization technology: When the seedling transplanting method is adopted, if the above-ground and underground combined layout method is adopted, it is necessary to first dig a pit in the sediment surface of the salt marsh restoration area according to the size of the area of ​​the auxiliary planting structure layer buried underground, bury the underground auxiliary planting structure in the pit, and then plant the plant seedlings to be transplanted into the transplanting holes, and then place the above-ground auxiliary planting structure layers layer by layer and connect them together; if the above-ground layout method is adopted, the seedlings are directly transplanted into the sediment, and then the seedlings are inserted into the transplanting holes of the auxiliary planting structure, and then the above-ground auxiliary planting structure layers are placed layer by layer and connected together; When the seed sowing method is adopted, if a combined above-ground and underground layout method is adopted, it is necessary to first dig a pit on the sediment surface of the salt marsh restoration area according to the size of the auxiliary planting structure layer buried underground, bury the underground auxiliary planting structure in the pit, and then evenly spread the vernalized seeds on the sediment surface of the salt marsh restoration area according to the preset density, and dig sediments nearby for shallow burial, cover the seeds, and then place the auxiliary planting structure layer of the above-ground part layer by layer and connect them together; if the above-ground layout method is adopted, spread the vernalized seeds evenly on the sediment surface of the salt marsh restoration area according to the preset density, and dig sediments nearby for shallow burial, cover the seeds, and then place the auxiliary planting structure of the above-ground part in a single layer or layer by layer and connect them together.

8. The method for restoring salt marsh vegetation according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: Restoration effect monitoring and replanting: After implementing the assisted planting technology, the survival rate, plant height and cover of transplanted seedlings or the emergence rate, survival rate, plant height and cover after sowing were monitored weekly. After one month, if the survival rate exceeded 80% and the density reached 100 plants / m 2 If the plant density, height and coverage indicators show an upward trend with the extension of restoration time, the salt marsh vegetation restoration method is considered to be completed.

9. The method for restoring salt marsh vegetation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary custom structure is made of degradable materials.

10. The method for restoring salt marsh vegetation according to claim 1, characterized in that: During anchoring, bamboo poles, U-shaped nails or anchor rods are used to penetrate the single-layer auxiliary planting structure or the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure from top to bottom to fix it on the salt marsh restoration area.

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