Fixtures and methods for machining thin-walled parts

Abstract

This invention discloses a machining fixture and method for thin-walled parts. The fixture includes: a lower positioning component, comprising a lower pressure plate with a lower cutting hole, a lower positioning disk disposed within the lower cutting hole, and a connecting frame fixed to the bottom of the lower pressure plate and the lower positioning disk for radially positioning the lower positioning disk on the central axis of the lower cutting hole; an upper positioning component, comprising an upper pressure plate with an upper cutting hole and an upper positioning disk disposed within the upper cutting hole, wherein the central axis of the upper positioning disk has an alignment hole for aligning the machining equipment; and a positioning frame, which is axially movable and sequentially inserted into the upper and lower positioning components for radially positioning the upper positioning disk on the central axis of the upper cutting hole and axially positioning the upper and lower cutting holes; radial distances are provided between the upper and lower positioning disks, the upper and lower cutting holes, and the contour of the workpiece to be machined for avoiding the cutting trajectory. This invention can greatly improve the machining accuracy of thin-walled parts and achieve a high yield rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aero-engine component processing technology, and in particular, to a machining fixture for thin-walled parts. Furthermore, this invention also relates to a method for machining thin-walled parts including the aforementioned machining fixture. Background Technology

[0002] In the manufacturing process of aero-engines, it is often necessary to process some thin-walled parts with high precision requirements. Adjustment pads are thin-walled parts composed of two concentric circles and multiple small holes. Due to the structure and thickness of the thin-walled parts, the rigidity of the parts is poor. Therefore, stress deformation is easily generated during the processing, which increases the manufacturing difficulty of the actual processing.

[0003] In the existing technology, the processing of thin-walled parts is usually carried out by laser cutting. This method usually involves placing the strip on the leveling roller group of the laser cutting machine, and then setting a pressure plate at the upper edge of the strip in the laser processing area to press it. Then, a focused high-power, high-density laser beam is used to irradiate the strip to be processed, causing the material at the irradiated area to melt, vaporize, and ablate rapidly to reach the ignition point. At the same time, a high-speed airflow coaxial with the beam removes the molten material, thereby realizing the processing of thin-walled parts.

[0004] However, on the one hand, the strip is in a coil state before processing. Due to its thinness, it will spring back and undergo irregular deformation after being flattened, and the deformation is more obvious as the length of the raw material increases. Furthermore, since the lower surface of the strip is in point contact with the leveling roller group, factors such as the irregular size and shape of the leveling roller group, uneven pressure of the leveling roller group, non-parallel installation of the feeding roller group, and wear on the surface of the roller group can also cause local deformation of the strip to be processed, thus affecting the processing accuracy of thin-walled parts. On the other hand, the high-speed airflow used in the process of removing molten material will generate a large gas pressure. When the material thickness is large, the gas pressure has a smaller impact on the parts. However, the impact is particularly noticeable when the material thickness is small. It can cause positional jitter during the processing of thin-walled parts, leading to misalignment of the cutting contour. The repeatability and positioning accuracy of the strip cannot be guaranteed, affecting the coaxiality and positional accuracy of adjustment pads and other similar parts. It can even cause warping, deformation, or cutting into the part's substrate. Existing technologies also use fixtures to hold the strip for laser cutting of thin-walled parts. However, due to the inherent characteristics of laser processing, after the laser penetrates the thickness of the part, the laser energy continues to affect a distance, potentially damaging the fixture and compromising the coaxiality of the adjustment pads. Furthermore, adjustment pads with a wall thickness less than 0.5mm cannot be directly laser-cut due to insufficient rigidity. Instead, they are first cut, stacked, and fixed using manual fitting, then the mounting holes are machined using CNC milling, and finally the inner and outer contours are machined using wire cutting. This process is lengthy, and the parts are difficult to separate after wire cutting, easily resulting in scrap. Therefore, existing technologies have low processing efficiency and yield rates for thin-walled parts. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a machining fixture and method for thin-walled parts, in order to solve the technical problem that the machining efficiency and pass rate of thin-walled parts are both low in the prior art.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, a machining fixture for thin-walled parts is provided, comprising: a lower positioning member for supporting the workpiece to be machined on a machining equipment, including a lower pressure plate with a lower cutting hole, a lower positioning disk disposed in the lower cutting hole, and a connecting frame disposed at the end of the lower pressure plate away from the workpiece to be machined, the connecting frame being fixedly connected to the lower pressure plate and the lower positioning disk, for radially positioning the lower positioning disk on the central axis of the lower cutting hole;

[0007] The upper positioning component is used to press the workpiece to be processed onto the lower positioning component. It includes an upper pressure plate with an upper cutting hole and an upper positioning plate arranged in the upper cutting hole. An alignment hole is provided at the central axis of the upper positioning plate for alignment with the laser of the processing equipment.

[0008] The positioning frame is movably inserted into the upper and lower positioning components in sequence along the axial direction. It is used to radially position the upper positioning plate on the central axis of the upper cutting hole and to axially position the upper and lower cutting holes.

[0009] The upper positioning plate, lower positioning plate, upper cutting hole, and lower cutting hole are all provided with radial spacing between themselves and the contour of the workpiece to be processed, in order to avoid the cutting trajectory of the workpiece.

[0010] Furthermore, an inner retraction ring is provided between the lower positioning plate and the inner wall of the lower cutting hole. The inner retraction ring is radially positioned on the central axis of the lower cutting hole through the connecting frame, and is used to provide auxiliary support for the workpiece to be processed.

[0011] The outer wall of the inner retraction ring is provided with a small hole cutting groove that matches the contour of the small hole in the workpiece. The inner wall of the inner retraction ring and the small hole cutting groove are provided with a radial distance from the contour of the workpiece to avoid the cutting trajectory.

[0012] Furthermore, the upper and lower pressure plates, as well as the upper and lower positioning plates, are respectively provided with positioning holes along the axial direction for the positioning frame to move through.

[0013] Furthermore, the positioning frame includes two first longitudinal bars arranged in parallel and a first transverse bar arranged between the two first longitudinal bars. The first transverse bar is fixedly connected to the first longitudinal bars, and the ends of the two first longitudinal bars away from the first transverse bar are axially movably inserted into the positioning holes of the upper pressure plate and the upper positioning plate.

[0014] Furthermore, the connecting frame includes three parallel second longitudinal bars and a second transverse bar arranged between the three second longitudinal bars. One end of each of the three second longitudinal bars is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lower pressure plate, the inner retraction ring, and the lower positioning plate, respectively, and the other end of each second longitudinal bar is fixedly connected to the second transverse bar.

[0015] Furthermore, the width of the second longitudinal bar is less than or equal to the width of the inner loop.

[0016] Furthermore, an axial gap is provided between the second crossbar and the lower pressure plate to prevent the second crossbar from being damaged by laser cutting.

[0017] Furthermore, the upper pressure plate, lower pressure plate, upper positioning plate, lower positioning plate, and inner retaining ring are made of steel.

[0018] Furthermore, the surfaces of the upper pressure plate, lower pressure plate, upper positioning plate, lower positioning plate, and inner retaining ring are all chrome-plated.

[0019] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for machining a thin-walled part is also provided, employing the aforementioned machining fixture for thin-walled parts, comprising the following steps:

[0020] S1: Insert the connecting frame into the leveling roller of the processing equipment to make the lower positioning part flat on the processing equipment, and then lay the work to be processed on the lower positioning part;

[0021] S2: After flattening the workpiece, place the upper pressure plate and the upper positioning plate on the upper surface of the workpiece, and then insert the positioning frame into the upper positioning member and the lower positioning member in sequence along the axial direction, so as to radially position the upper positioning plate on the central axis of the upper cutting hole and make the upper cutting hole and the lower cutting hole axially correspond.

[0022] S3: After positioning is completed, remove the positioning frame, turn on the processing equipment and align the laser with the alignment hole in the upper positioning plate to complete the alignment. Then, the laser of the processing equipment can start to process the thin-walled part according to the set cutting trajectory. After processing is completed, remove the thin-walled part and the upper positioning part, and repeat step S2 to process the next thin-walled part.

[0023] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. This fixture constrains both the upper and lower surfaces of the strip by clamping it with upper and lower positioning components. This allows the strip to be flattened within the fixture, eliminating its own deformation and ensuring the flatness of the strip in the laser processing area. It effectively avoids damage caused by local stress concentration in the strip, and at the same time avoids the gas pressure generated by the high-speed airflow during laser processing, which can cause the processing position of thin-walled parts to vibrate. It also prevents the strip from shifting and causing misalignment of the part cutting contour. Furthermore, it prevents the strip from deforming due to excessive clamping force, and there is no warping or flanging during the processing. This ensures processing accuracy, improves the processing pass rate, and minimizes material loss.

[0025] 2. The fixture has a radial spacing between itself and the outer contour of the workpiece to avoid the cutting trajectory. This prevents the molten material in the cutting part from being blown onto the lower positioning part by the high-pressure airflow generated by the laser, thus avoiding the formation of indentations and pits on thinner parts. At the same time, it maximizes the contact area between the fixture and the workpiece, preventing the workpiece from deforming and ensuring the processing quality of thin-walled parts.

[0026] 3. The lower positioning component is fixedly connected to the fixture as a whole through the connecting frame, which can prevent movement caused by high-pressure airflow from causing laser cutting to the fixture surface, ensuring the integrity of the fixture and thus ensuring the processing accuracy of thin-walled parts; moreover, the positioning frame of this fixture can not only achieve radial positioning of the upper positioning plate, but also axial positioning of the upper and lower cutting holes. Through the cooperation of the alignment hole and the laser of the processing equipment, the parts do not need to be re-aligned, which can meet the needs of mass production, greatly improve processing efficiency, and has a wide range of applications.

[0027] 4. Laser processing equipment can be used to process thin-walled adjustment pads with small wall thickness and insufficient rigidity, which greatly shortens the processing flow. The cut surface of the laser-cut parts will not produce burrs and can be easily separated and removed, resulting in high precision and high efficiency.

[0028] In addition to the objectives, features, and advantages described above, the present invention has other objectives, features, and advantages. The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the figures. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0030] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a machining fixture for thin-walled parts according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is an elevation view of a machining fixture for thin-walled parts according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a plan view of the upper positioning member of the machining fixture for thin-walled parts according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a plan view of the lower positioning member of the machining fixture for thin-walled parts according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is an elevation view of the positioning frame of the machining fixture for thin-walled parts according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 This is an elevation view of the connecting frame of the machining fixture for thin-walled parts according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Legend:

[0037] 100. Lower positioning component; 101. Lower pressure plate; 1011. Lower cutting hole; 102. Lower positioning plate; 103. Inner retraction ring; 1031. Small hole cutting groove; 104. Connecting frame; 1041. Second longitudinal rod; 1042. Second transverse rod; 200. Upper positioning component; 201. Upper pressure plate; 2011. Upper cutting hole; 202. Upper positioning plate; 2021. Positioning hole; 2022. Alignment hole; 203. Positioning frame; 2031. First longitudinal rod; 2032. First transverse rod. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered below.

[0039] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the machining fixture for thin-walled parts in this embodiment includes an upper positioning member 200 for supporting the workpiece on the machining equipment and a lower positioning member 100 for pressing the workpiece onto the lower positioning member 100. The lower positioning member 100 includes a lower pressure plate 101 with a lower cutting hole 1011, a lower positioning disk 102 arranged in the lower cutting hole 1011, and a connecting frame 104 fixedly connected to the bottom of the lower pressure plate 101 and the lower positioning disk 102. The connecting frame 104 connects the lower pressure plate 101 and the lower positioning disk 102 into a whole to ensure the stability and firmness of the lower positioning member 100, avoid the gas pressure generated by the high-speed airflow during laser processing causing the machining position of the thin-walled part to vibrate, and prevent the workpiece from shifting and causing the part cutting contour to be misaligned. At the same time, the connecting frame 104 can radially position the lower positioning disk 102 on the central axis of the lower cutting hole 1011 to ensure machining accuracy. The upper positioning component 200 includes an upper pressure plate 201 with an upper cutting hole 2011 and an upper positioning disk 202 disposed in the upper cutting hole 2011. The upper positioning disk 202 has a centering hole 2022 in its central axis for the laser of the processing equipment to pass through and align the fixture. Preferably, the centering hole 2022 is a triangular hole; alternatively, the centering hole 2022 is a circular hole or a square hole.

[0040] The upper positioning component 200 also includes a positioning frame 203. The positioning frame 203 is axially movable and passes through the upper positioning component 200 and the lower positioning component 100. The positioning frame 203 can not only connect the upper positioning plate 202 and the upper pressure plate 201 into a whole for radial positioning, but also pass through the upper positioning component 200 and the lower positioning component 100 to axially position the upper cutting hole 2011 and the lower cutting hole 1011. This makes the central axis of the upper cutting hole 2011 and the lower cutting hole 1011 and the alignment hole 2022 coincide with the laser positioning point of the processing equipment, eliminating the need for realignment. This can meet the needs of mass production and greatly improve processing efficiency. By simultaneously connecting the upper pressure plate 201 and the upper positioning plate 202 with the positioning frame 203 to control the horizontal distance between the upper pressure plate 201 and the upper positioning plate 202, the upper positioning plate 202 can be radially positioned on the central axis of the upper cutting hole 2011. At the same time, the positioning frame 203 is axially inserted into the upper positioning member 200 and the lower positioning member 100, so that the upper cutting hole 2011 in the upper pressure plate 201 and the lower cutting hole 1011 in the lower pressure plate 101 can be axially aligned. Then, the alignment can be achieved by aligning the laser of the processing equipment with the alignment hole 2022. After that, the thin-walled part can be processed. After the processing is completed, the thin-walled part is removed without secondary alignment. The part to be processed is placed directly between the upper positioning member 200 and the lower positioning member 100. After the positioning frame 203 is inserted into the positioning hole 2021 to position the upper positioning plate 202, the next thin-walled part can be processed, which can greatly improve the processing speed of thin-walled parts.

[0041] The upper positioning plate 202, lower positioning plate 102, upper cutting hole 2011, and lower cutting hole 1011 are adapted to the outer contour shape of the workpiece to be processed, and radial spacing is provided between them to avoid the cutting trajectory of the workpiece. This prevents the molten material in the cutting part from being blown onto the lower positioning plate 100 by the high-pressure airflow generated by the laser, thus avoiding indentation and denting on thin parts. At the same time, it maximizes the contact area between the fixture and the workpiece, preventing deformation of the workpiece and ensuring the processing quality of thin-walled parts. Preferably, the radial spacing is set to 0.5-1.5mm, which ensures a large contact area between the upper positioning plate 200 and the lower positioning plate 100 and the workpiece to expand the constraint surface, maximizing the contact area between the fixture and the workpiece, preventing deformation of the workpiece, ensuring the processing quality of thin-walled parts, and avoiding the cutting trajectory of the workpiece. Preferably, the upper positioning plate 202 and the lower positioning plate 102, the upper cutting hole 2011 and the lower cutting hole 1011, and the upper pressure plate 201 and the lower pressure plate 101 are all the same in size and shape, so as to facilitate corresponding placement.

[0042] like Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, the lower positioning component 100 also includes an inner retraction ring 103. The inner retraction ring 103 is disposed in the lower cutting hole 1011 between the lower positioning plate 102 and the lower pressure plate 101, and is used to provide auxiliary support for the workpiece to be processed, increase the contact area between the workpiece to be processed and the fixture to expand the constraint surface, avoid deformation of the workpiece to be processed due to local stress, and ensure processing quality. The bottom of the inner retraction ring 103 is fixedly connected to the connecting frame 104, so that the inner retraction ring 103 is connected to the lower positioning plate 102 and the lower pressure plate 101 as a whole through the connecting frame 104, and avoid the inner retraction ring 103 being affected by the gas pressure generated by the high-speed airflow during the laser processing. The outer wall of the inner retraction ring 103 is provided with a small hole cutting groove 1031 that matches the contour of the small hole of the workpiece in the direction of the inner wall of the lower cutting hole 1011. There is a radial distance between the inner wall of the inner retraction ring 103 and the inner wall of the small hole cutting groove 1031 and the contour of the workpiece to be processed, so as to avoid the cutting trajectory. Specifically, the opening of the small hole cutting groove 1031 is oriented away from the lower positioning plate 102. An annular cutting hole is formed between the inner retraction ring 103 and the lower pressure plate 101. The position of the small hole in the workpiece is arranged between the inner retraction ring 103 and the annular cutting hole. Therefore, the small hole cutting groove 1031 is opened on the inner retraction ring 103 to reserve the cutting trajectory of the small hole, which facilitates the laser cutting of the small hole. Furthermore, a radial distance is provided between the inner wall of the small hole cutting groove 1031 and the outer contour of the small hole in the workpiece to avoid the cutting trajectory of the small hole. Preferably, the radial distance is set to 0.5-1.5mm, which ensures a large contact area between the inner retraction ring 103 and the workpiece to expand the constraint surface, maximizes the contact area between the fixture and the part, avoids the deformation of the part, and at the same time ensures that the cutting trajectory of the small hole in the workpiece is avoided.

[0043] In use, the lower positioning component 100 is inserted into the leveling roller to place it flat on the processing equipment. The workpiece to be processed is then laid flat on the lower positioning component 100, and the upper positioning component 200 is placed on top of it for clamping. This achieves comprehensive constraint on the upper and lower surfaces of the workpiece. The workpiece is flattened and clamped between the upper and lower positioning components 200 and 100, effectively eliminating deformation and ensuring flatness in the laser processing area. Compared to existing technologies, this avoids damage caused by localized stress concentration, prevents deformation due to excessive clamping force, and eliminates warping and edge curling during processing, ensuring processing accuracy, improving the pass rate, and minimizing material waste. Furthermore, thin-walled adjusting pads with small wall thickness and insufficient rigidity can also be laser-processed using this fixture, significantly shortening the processing flow. The cut surfaces of laser-cut parts are burr-free and easily separated, resulting in high precision and efficiency.

[0044] like Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the upper pressure plate 201 and lower pressure plate 101, the lower positioning plate 102 and the upper positioning plate 202 are respectively provided with positioning holes 2021 along the axial direction, for the positioning frame 203 to move through and thus radially position the upper positioning plate 202 on the central axis of the upper cutting hole 2011, while simultaneously axially positioning the upper cutting hole 2011 and the lower cutting hole 1011. Specifically, the positioning holes in the upper pressure plate 201 and lower pressure plate 101, the lower positioning plate 102 and the upper positioning plate 202 are axially corresponding, and the lower positioning plate 102 is radially positioned by the connecting frame 104 on the central axis of the lower cutting hole 1011 in the lower pressure plate 101, so that the distance between the positioning holes 2021 in the upper pressure plate 201 and the upper positioning plate 202 is the same as the distance between the positioning holes 2021 in the lower pressure plate 101 and the lower positioning plate 102. The positioning frame 203 is then moved through the positioning holes 2021. The upper and lower positioning holes 2011 and 1011 are sequentially inserted into the upper positioning member 200 and the lower positioning member 100 along the axial direction. This not only allows the upper cutting hole 2011 and the lower cutting hole 1011 to be axially aligned so that the laser of the processing equipment can pass through and ensure processing accuracy, but also allows the positioning frame 203 to be connected to the upper pressure plate 201 and the upper positioning plate 202 at the same time. This allows the upper positioning plate 202 to be radially positioned on the central axis of the upper cutting hole 2011 in the upper pressure plate 201. Preferably, the extension lines of the line connecting the positioning holes 2021 on the upper pressure plate 201 and the upper positioning disk 202, and the extension lines of the line connecting the positioning holes 2021 on the lower pressure plate 101 and the lower positioning disk 102, respectively pass through the centers of the upper cutting hole 2011 and the lower cutting hole 1011; preferably, the positioning hole 2021 is a rectangular hole that matches the shape of the positioning frame 203; optionally, the positioning hole 2021 is a circular hole or a square hole; optionally, multiple positioning holes 2021 are provided along the radial direction of the upper pressure plate 201 and the upper positioning disk 202.

[0045] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5As shown, the positioning frame 203 includes two parallel first longitudinal rods 2031 and a first transverse rod 2032 disposed between the two first longitudinal rods 2031. The two first longitudinal rods 2031 are respectively axially movably inserted into positioning holes 2021 in the upper pressure plate 201 and the upper positioning disk 202. The first transverse rod 2032 is fixedly connected to the first longitudinal rods 2031 and is used to cooperate with the two first longitudinal rods 2031 to radially position the upper positioning disk 202 on the central axis of the upper cutting hole 2011 in the upper pressure plate 201, ensuring the coaxiality of the workpiece to be processed. Preferably, the first longitudinal rod 2031 is a cuboid structure adapted to the shape and size of the positioning hole 2021. Optionally, the first longitudinal rod 2031 can also be a cylindrical structure. The positioning frame 203 is movably connected to the upper pressure plate 201 and the upper positioning disk 202, and can be directly removed after the positioning disk is completed, avoiding obstruction of the cutting trajectory of the workpiece to be processed and preventing interference with the laser cutting process. Preferably, the first crossbar 2032 is located at the end away from the upper pressure plate 201 and is integrally formed with the two first longitudinal bars 2031 by welding. The first crossbar 2032 extends along the length of the first longitudinal bars 2031 to form a rectangular structure with a large width, which is convenient for operators to install and handle.

[0046] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 6As shown, the connecting frame 104 includes three parallel second longitudinal rods 1041 and a second transverse rod 1042 arranged between the three second longitudinal rods 1041. The three second longitudinal rods 1041 are respectively fixed to the bottom of the lower pressure plate 101, the inner retraction ring 103 and the lower positioning plate 102. The second transverse rod 1042 is fixedly connected to the three second longitudinal rods 1041 to form an integral structure, which is used to connect the lower pressure plate 101, the inner retraction ring 103 and the lower positioning plate 102 into an integral structure to ensure the stability of the lower positioning component 100, and to radially position the inner retraction ring 103 and the lower positioning plate 102 on the central axis of the lower cutting hole 1011 to avoid repeated positioning of the lower positioning component 100. Preferably, the three second longitudinal rods 1041 are arranged in a straight line and the extension of their connecting line intersects the central axis of the lower cutting hole 1011, so as to facilitate the insertion of the connecting frame 104 into the leveling roller of the processing equipment; preferably, two connecting frames 104 are symmetrically arranged so that the lower positioning member 100 is kept balanced on the processing equipment to ensure flat placement, improve the stability of the lower positioning member 100 and the reliability of the connection. Preferably, the lower pressure plate 101, the inner retraction ring 103 and the lower positioning plate 102 are respectively provided with mounting holes along the axial direction, and the three second longitudinal rods 1041 are respectively passed through the mounting holes in the lower pressure plate 101, the inner retraction ring 103 and the lower positioning plate 102 and welded and fixed; preferably, the second cross rod 1042 is also fixed to the three second longitudinal rods 1041 by welding. Preferably, the second crossbar 1042 extends along the length of the second longitudinal bar 1041 to form a rectangular structure with a larger width, so as to facilitate the installation and removal of the lower positioning part 100 by the operator. At the same time, it increases the weight of the lower positioning part 100, so that it can be stably placed on the leveling roller of the processing equipment, avoiding displacement caused by laser energy impact, which would lead to errors in the processing dimensions of the workpiece, and effectively reducing the scrap rate of thin-walled parts processing.

[0047] like Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, the width of the second vertical bar 1041 is less than or equal to the width of the inner retaining ring 103 to avoid obstructing the cutting trajectory of the workpiece and prevent interference with the laser cutting process. Preferably, the second vertical bar 1041 and the first vertical bar 2031 have the same shape, both being cuboid structures, which facilitates material sourcing and mass production. Optionally, the second vertical bar 1041 can also be a cylindrical structure.

[0048] like Figure 1 and Figure 6As shown, an axial gap is provided between the second crossbar 1042 and the lower pressure plate 101 to prevent laser cutting from damaging the connecting frame 104. Specifically, the second crossbar 1042 is located at the end of the second longitudinal bar 1041 away from the lower pressure plate 101. During the cutting process of thin-walled parts, the laser beam continues to extend downward along the thickness direction after penetrating the workpiece. Therefore, the energy of the laser beam may affect the connecting frame 104, causing it to be damaged by laser cutting. However, the energy of the laser beam attenuates with increasing distance, and after a certain distance, the energy of the laser beam will be completely consumed. Therefore, the distance between the second crossbar 1042 and the lower pressure plate 101 is set to be greater than the maximum distance affected by laser energy to avoid damage to the connecting frame 104 caused by the energy of the laser beam, thus ensuring the integrity and service life of the lower positioning component 100.

[0049] Preferably, the upper pressure plate 201, lower pressure plate 101, upper positioning plate 202, lower positioning plate 102, and inner retaining ring 103 are made of steel. On the one hand, steel has good high-temperature resistance, which can prevent laser cutting from damaging the fixture. On the other hand, using steel allows the upper positioning component 200 and lower positioning component 100 to have a larger self-weight, ensuring stable clamping and pressing of the workpiece. This prevents the impact force generated during laser cutting from causing vibration of the fixture and resulting in positional displacement. Simultaneously, it avoids excessive clamping force on the workpiece, preventing localized stress and deformation due to excessive clamping force. It also prevents warping and flanging during processing, ensuring processing accuracy, improving the processing pass rate, and minimizing material waste. Optionally, the positioning frame 203 and connecting frame 104 can also be made of steel.

[0050] Preferably, the surfaces of the upper pressure plate 201, the lower pressure plate 101, the upper positioning plate 202, the lower positioning plate 102, and the inner retraction ring 103 are all chrome-plated. By utilizing the non-stick properties of the chrome plating layer when welding with high-temperature materials, it can effectively prevent the workpiece to be processed from sticking to the fixture body during laser processing, thus ensuring the processing quality of thin-walled parts.

[0051] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for machining a thin-walled part is also provided, employing the aforementioned machining fixture for thin-walled parts, comprising the following steps:

[0052] S1: Insert the connecting frame 104 into the leveling roller of the processing equipment so that the lower positioning part 100 is placed flat on the processing equipment, and then lay the work to be processed on the lower positioning part 100.

[0053] S2: After flattening the workpiece, cover the upper pressure plate 201 and the upper positioning plate 202 on the upper surface of the workpiece, and then insert the positioning frame 203 into the upper positioning member 200 and the lower positioning member 100 in sequence along the axial direction, so as to radially position the upper positioning plate 202 on the central axis of the upper cutting hole 2011 and make the upper cutting hole 2011 axially correspond to the lower cutting hole 1011;

[0054] S3: After positioning is completed, remove the positioning frame 203, turn on the processing equipment and align the laser with the alignment hole 2022 in the upper positioning plate 202 to complete the alignment. Then the laser of the processing equipment can start to process the thin-walled part according to the set cutting trajectory. After processing is completed, remove the thin-walled part and the upper positioning part 200, and repeat step S2 to process the next thin-walled part.

[0055] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A machining fixture for thin-walled parts, characterized in that, include: The lower positioning component (100) is used to support the workpiece to be processed on the processing equipment. It includes a lower pressure plate (101) with a lower cutting hole (1011), a lower positioning disk (102) arranged in the lower cutting hole (1011), and a connecting frame (104) arranged at the end of the lower pressure plate (101) away from the workpiece to be processed. The connecting frame (104) is fixedly connected to the lower pressure plate (101) and the lower positioning disk (102) and is used to radially position the lower positioning disk (102) on the central axis of the lower cutting hole (1011). The upper positioning component (200) is used to press the workpiece to be processed onto the lower positioning component (100), including an upper pressure plate (201) with an upper cutting hole (2011) and an upper positioning disk (202) arranged in the upper cutting hole (2011). The upper positioning disk (202) has an alignment hole (2022) at its central axis for alignment with the laser of the processing equipment. The positioning frame (203) is movably inserted into the upper positioning member (200) and the lower positioning member (100) in sequence along the axial direction, and is used to radially position the upper positioning plate (202) on the central axis of the upper cutting hole (2011) and to axially position the upper cutting hole (2011) and the lower cutting hole (1011). The upper positioning plate (202), the lower positioning plate (102), the upper cutting hole (2011), and the lower cutting hole (1011) are all provided with radial spacing between themselves and the contour of the workpiece to be processed, so as to avoid the cutting trajectory of the workpiece to be processed; An inner retraction ring (103) is provided between the lower positioning plate (102) and the inner wall of the lower cutting hole (1011). The inner retraction ring (103) is radially positioned on the central axis of the lower cutting hole (1011) through the connecting frame (104) and is used to provide auxiliary support for the workpiece to be processed. The outer wall of the inner retraction ring (103) is provided with a small hole cutting groove (1031) that is adapted to the contour of the small hole of the workpiece in the direction of the inner wall of the lower cutting hole (1011). The inner wall of the inner retraction ring (103) and the small hole cutting groove (1031) are provided with a radial distance from the contour of the workpiece to be processed, which is used to avoid the cutting trajectory. The upper pressure plate (201), the lower pressure plate (101), the upper positioning plate (202), and the lower positioning plate (102) are respectively provided with positioning holes (2021) along the axial direction for the positioning frame (203) to be moved through.

2. The machining fixture for thin-walled parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning frame (203) includes two first longitudinal bars (2031) arranged in parallel and a first transverse bar (2032) arranged between the two first longitudinal bars (2031). The first transverse bar (2032) is fixedly connected to the first longitudinal bars (2031). The ends of the two first longitudinal bars (2031) away from the first transverse bar (2032) are axially movably inserted into the positioning holes (2021) of the upper pressure plate (201) and the upper positioning plate (202).

3. The machining fixture for thin-walled parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting frame (104) includes three parallel second longitudinal bars (1041) and a second crossbar (1042) arranged between the three second longitudinal bars (1041). One end of each of the three second longitudinal bars (1041) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lower pressure plate (101), the inner retraction ring (103) and the lower positioning plate (102), respectively. The other end of each of the second longitudinal bars (1041) is fixedly connected to the second crossbar (1042).

4. The machining fixture for thin-walled parts according to claim 3, characterized in that, The width of the second longitudinal bar (1041) is less than or equal to the width of the inner loop (103).

5. The machining fixture for thin-walled parts according to claim 3, characterized in that, An axial gap is provided between the second crossbar (1042) and the lower pressure plate (101) to prevent the second crossbar (1042) from being damaged by laser cutting.

6. The machining fixture for thin-walled parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper pressure plate (201), the lower pressure plate (101), the upper positioning plate (202), the lower positioning plate (102), and the inner retraction ring (103) are made of steel.

7. The machining fixture for thin-walled parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surfaces of the upper pressure plate (201), the lower pressure plate (101), the upper positioning plate (202), the lower positioning plate (102), and the inner retraction ring (103) are all chrome-plated.

8. A method for machining a thin-walled part, comprising a machining fixture for the thin-walled part as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Insert the connecting frame (104) into the leveling roller of the processing equipment so that the lower positioning part (100) is placed flat on the processing equipment, and then lay the work to be processed on the lower positioning part (100); S2: After flattening the workpiece, the upper pressure plate (201) and the upper positioning plate (202) are placed on the upper surface of the workpiece, and then the positioning frame (203) is sequentially inserted into the upper positioning member (200) and the lower positioning member (100) along the axial direction, so as to radially position the upper positioning plate (202) on the central axis of the upper cutting hole (2011) and make the upper cutting hole (2011) axially correspond to the lower cutting hole (1011); S3: After positioning is completed, remove the positioning frame (203), turn on the processing equipment and align the laser with the alignment hole (2022) in the upper positioning plate (202) to complete the alignment. Then the laser of the processing equipment can start to process the thin-walled part according to the set cutting trajectory. After processing is completed, remove the thin-walled part and the upper positioning part (200). Repeat step S2 to process the next thin-walled part.

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