A method and device for generating a high-polarization-degree full Poincare sphere polarized beam array

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of information optics technology, and relates to a method and device for generating a high-polarization-degree full Poincare sphere polarized light beam array: obtaining the full Poincare sphere north pole electric field and the south pole electric field of a fully coherent light beam, offsetting the full Poincare sphere north pole electric field and the south pole electric field of the fully coherent light beam based on a preset displacement parameter, and obtaining the full Poincare sphere north pole electric field and the south pole electric field of a sub-beam each time the offset is performed; obtaining the full Poincare sphere polarization state of the fully coherent light beam array electric field and the polarization matrix based on the full Poincare sphere north pole electric field and the full Poincare sphere south pole electric field of all sub-beams; encoding the polarization matrix into a partially coherent vector light beam coherence structure to obtain a non-polarized vector partially coherent light beam and its cross-spectral density matrix element; transmitting the non-polarized vector partially coherent light beam to a far field to obtain a full Poincare sphere polarized light beam array in which the polarization state of each sub-beam can be flexibly and independently adjusted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of information optics, and in particular to a method and a device for generating a high-polarization-degree full Poincare sphere polarized light beam array. Background Art

[0002] Polarized light, as an important degree of freedom in the light field, has important applications in beam polarization shaping, multi-dimensional information encryption, storage, and high-capacity communications. Compared with single structured beams, array structured beams have important advantages in many applications, such as fast capture and sorting of multiple particles in optical capture, significant improvement of processing efficiency in laser processing, and multi-channel information transmission and increased data transmission bandwidth in free-space optical communications. Therefore, the construction of polarized beam arrays in the full Poincare sphere of polarization states is currently an important research topic.

[0003] The patent with publication number CN114755837A discloses a method and device for generating a full Poincare sphere polarization array beam, which uses a dynamic scattering medium to generate a coherence matrix of a partially coherent beam by pre-designing a mask plate with array distribution, and then superimposes the amplitude of a full Poincare sphere polarization matrix on the coherence matrix of the partially coherent beam to obtain a full Poincare sphere partially coherent array beam, and finally transmits the array beam to the far field, thereby generating a full Poincare sphere polarization array beam in the far field; this method directly superimposes the amplitude of a full Poincare sphere polarization matrix on the coherence matrix of the partially coherent beam. A full Poincare sphere polarization matrix forces the polarization states of all array elements in the partially coherent beam to be mapped to a specific polarization distribution. The polarization states of different array elements are interdependent, and the polarization adjustment of any array element will affect the polarization of other array elements, thereby forming an overall polarization characteristic on the full Poincare sphere partially coherent beam array. It is impossible to adjust the polarization state and light field characteristics of each array element individually, and thus it is impossible to improve the coherence between different array elements, resulting in low quality of the array beam and failure to meet the requirements of high-precision application scenarios (such as quantum communication).

[0004] In summary, the polarization of each array element in the array beam generated by the existing full Poincare sphere polarized beam array generation method cannot be flexibly and independently adjusted, resulting in low quality of the array beam and failure to meet the requirements of high-precision application scenarios. Summary of the invention

[0005] To this end, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the problem that the polarization of each array element in the array beam generated by the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array generation method in the prior art cannot be flexibly and independently adjusted, resulting in the low quality of the array beam and unable to meet the requirements of high-precision application scenarios.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for generating a high-polarization-degree full Poincare sphere polarized beam array, comprising:

[0007] Acquire the full Poincare sphere north pole electric field and the south pole electric field of the fully coherent light beam, and offset the full Poincare sphere north pole electric field and the south pole electric field of the fully coherent light beam based on a preset displacement parameter, and obtain the full Poincare sphere north pole electric field and the south pole electric field of a sub-beam based on each offset;

[0008] Based on the sum of the electric fields of the north pole of the whole Poincare sphere of all sub-beams and the sum of the electric fields of the south pole of the whole Poincare sphere of all sub-beams, an electric field of a fully coherent beam array with a controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state is obtained, and a polarization matrix is ​​obtained based on the electric field of the fully coherent beam array with a controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state;

[0009] Encoding the polarization matrix into a partially coherent vector beam coherence structure to obtain a non-polarized vector partially coherent beam and its cross-spectral density matrix element;

[0010] Based on the cross spectral density matrix element of the non-polarization vector partially coherent beam, the non-polarization vector partially coherent beam is transmitted to the far field to obtain a full Poincare sphere polarized beam array, which specifically includes:

[0011] Using a free-space generalized Collins integral formula, based on a cross-spectral density matrix element of a non-polarized vector partially coherent light beam, a cross-spectral density matrix element of the non-polarized vector partially coherent light beam at an output surface after the non-polarized vector partially coherent light beam is transmitted to a far field is calculated;

[0012] Using Fourier transform and convolution theory, based on the relationship between the polarization matrix and the cross-spectral density matrix element at the output surface, a polarization matrix element at the output surface is obtained, and based on the polarization matrix element at the output surface, a full Poincare sphere polarized beam array is obtained;

[0013] The detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array is measured using a quarter wave plate and a linear polarizer.

[0014] Four Stokes parameters of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array are calculated based on the detection light intensity, and the average light intensity distribution and polarization state distribution of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array in the far field are calculated based on the four Stokes parameters.

[0015] Preferably, the electric field of the entire Poincare sphere north pole of a fully coherent beam is expressed as:

[0016] ,

[0017] in, The electric field at the north pole of the entire Poincare sphere represents a completely coherent beam; represents the latitude angle of the entire Poincare sphere, ; represents the longitude angle of the entire Poincare sphere, ; represents the first polarization parameter; Indicates that the radial order is 0 and the angular order is Laguerre polynomials of ; represents an imaginary unit;

[0018] The electric field at the south pole of the entire Poincare sphere for a fully coherent beam is expressed as:

[0019] ,

[0020] in, The electric field at the south pole of the full Poincare sphere represents a completely coherent beam; represents the second polarization parameter; Indicates that the radial order is 0 and the angular order is Laguerre polynomials of ;

[0021] The sum of the electric fields of the entire Poincare sphere north pole of all sub-beams is expressed as:

[0022] ,

[0023] in, represents the sum of the electric fields at the north pole of the entire Poincare sphere for all sub-beams; represents the number of sub-beams; Indicates The full Poincare sphere latitude angle of the sub-beam; Indicates The full Poincare sphere longitude angle of each beamlet; Indicates The first polarization parameter of each sub-beam; Indicates that the radial order is 0 and the angular order is Laguerre polynomials of ; Indicates The sub-beams correspond to Preset displacement parameters in the direction of the electric field; Indicates The sub-beams correspond to Preset displacement parameters in the direction of the electric field;

[0024] The sum of the electric fields at the south pole of the entire Poincare sphere for all sub-beams is expressed as:

[0025] ,

[0026] in, represents the sum of the electric fields at the south pole of the entire Poincare sphere for all sub-beams; Indicates The second polarization parameter of the sub-beam; Indicates that the radial order is 0 and the angular order is The Laguerre polynomial of .

[0027] The sum of the electric fields at the south pole of the entire Poincare sphere for all sub-beams is expressed as:

[0028] ,

[0029] in, represents the sum of the electric fields at the south pole of the entire Poincare sphere for all sub-beams; Indicates The second polarization parameter of the sub-beam; Indicates that the radial order is 0 and the angular order is The Laguerre polynomial of .

[0030] The polarization matrix is ​​expressed as:

[0031] ,

[0032] in, represents the polarization matrix; Electric field of a fully coherent beam array representing the controllable polarization state of the entire Poincare sphere The complex conjugate of Electric field of a fully coherent beam array representing the controllable polarization state of the entire Poincare sphere The transpose of .

[0033] Preferably, the cross spectral density matrix element of the non-polarized vector partially coherent light beam is expressed as:

[0034] ,

[0035] ,

[0036] in, represents the cross spectral density matrix element of the non-polarization vector partially coherent beam; represents any two positions at the light source; Represents the light source at any position Direction and direction; express Amplitude shaping function at The complex conjugate of , Indicates the width of the light spot; express The amplitude shaping function at ; represents the coherence structure of a partially coherent vector beam; represents the matrix element of the polarization matrix; Represents the spatial position vector; represents an imaginary unit; Indicates wavelength; represents the focal length of the Fourier transform lens.

[0037] Preferably, the cross spectral density matrix element of the non-polarized vector partially coherent light beam at the output surface after being transmitted to the far field is expressed as:

[0038] ,

[0039] in, represents the cross spectral density matrix element at the output plane after the non-polarization vector partially coherent beam is transmitted to the far field; , Indicates wavelength; represents an imaginary unit; , The vector representing any two positions on the output surface; represents the cross spectral density matrix element of the non-polarization vector partially coherent beam; represents any two positions at the light source; , , Represents the optical system transmission matrix element. In the lens focusing system, , , , Indicates object distance or image distance, represents the focal length of the Fourier transform lens;

[0040] The polarization matrix element at the output surface is expressed as:

[0041] ,

[0042] in, represents the polarization matrix element at the output plane; , , express A complex-valued function of direction, express Complex-valued function of direction; represents Fourier transform; Represents the convolution operation; A coherence matrix representing a partially coherent vector beam; represents complex conjugate.

[0043] Preferably, the detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array is expressed as:

[0044] ,

[0045] in, The angle between the fast axis of the linear polarizer and the x-axis is , the phase difference introduced by the quarter-wave plate between the x and y electric fields is The detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array when ; represents the polarization moment at the output surface Matrix element of direction; represents the polarization moment at the output surface Matrix element of direction; represents the polarization moment at the output surface Matrix element of direction; represents the polarization moment at the output surface Matrix element of direction; It represents the angle between the fast axis of the linear polarizer and the x-axis; represents the phase difference introduced by the quarter-wave plate between the x and y electric fields;

[0046] The first Stokes parameter is expressed as:

[0047] ,

[0048] in, represents the first Stokes parameter; The angle between the fast axis of the linear polarizer and the x-axis is , the phase difference introduced by the quarter-wave plate between the x and y electric fields is The detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array when ; The angle between the fast axis of the linear polarizer and the x-axis is , the phase difference introduced by the quarter-wave plate between the x and y electric fields is The detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array when ;

[0049] The second Stokes parameter is expressed as:

[0050] ,

[0051] in, represents the second Stokes parameter;

[0052] The third Stokes parameter is expressed as:

[0053] ,

[0054] in, represents the third Stokes parameter; The angle between the fast axis of the linear polarizer and the x-axis is , the phase difference introduced by the quarter-wave plate between the x and y electric fields is The detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array when ; The angle between the fast axis of the linear polarizer and the x-axis is , the phase difference introduced by the quarter-wave plate between the x and y electric fields is The detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array when ;

[0055] The fourth Stokes parameter is expressed as:

[0056] ,

[0057] in, represents the fourth Stokes parameter; The angle between the fast axis of the linear polarizer and the x-axis is , the phase difference introduced by the quarter-wave plate between the x and y electric fields is The detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array when ; The angle between the fast axis of the linear polarizer and the x-axis is , the phase difference introduced by the quarter-wave plate between the x and y electric fields is The detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array when ;

[0058] The average light intensity distribution of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array in the far field is expressed as:

[0059] ,

[0060] in, represents the average light intensity distribution of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array in the far field;

[0061] The polarization state distribution is expressed as:

[0062] ,

[0063] in, represents the polarization state distribution.

[0064] The present invention also provides a device for generating a high-polarization-degree full Poincare sphere polarized beam array, which is used to implement the above-mentioned method for generating a high-polarization-degree full Poincare sphere polarized beam array, comprising:

[0065] Lasers, used to produce fully coherent light beams;

[0066] A first polarizer, used to adjust the fully coherent light beam into linearly polarized light;

[0067] A beam expander, used for expanding the linearly polarized light;

[0068] A pure phase spatial light modulator for obtaining a computer-generated hologram of the electric field of the North Pole and the South Pole of the full Poincare sphere of the fully coherent light beam based on the expanded linearly polarized light;

[0069] A first lens is used to divide the light beam reflected by the pure phase spatial light modulator into a plurality of diffraction poles;

[0070] A filter, used for filtering out the positive first-order light of the electric field of the north pole and the positive first-order light of the electric field of the south pole from the light beam emitted by the first lens;

[0071] A second lens is used to focus the positive first-order light of the north pole electric field and the positive first-order light of the south pole electric field;

[0072] The first half-wave plate is used to adjust the positive first-order light of the focused North Pole electric field into right-handed circularly polarized light;

[0073] The second half-wave plate is used to adjust the positive first-order light of the focused south pole electric field into left-handed circularly polarized light;

[0074] A Ronchi grating, used for combining the right-handed circularly polarized light and the left-handed circularly polarized light to obtain a fully coherent light beam array with a controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state;

[0075] A dynamic scattering medium for enhancing the fully coherent beam array of the controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state;

[0076] A third lens is used to encode the enhanced fully coherent beam array with controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state into a partially coherent vector beam coherent structure;

[0077] A Gaussian amplitude filter is used to perform amplitude shaping on the light beam emitted by the third lens to obtain a non-polarized vector partially coherent light beam;

[0078] A fourth lens is used to transmit the non-polarized vector partially coherent light beam to a far field to obtain a full Poincare sphere polarized light beam array;

[0079] The first lens, the filter, the second lens, the first half-wave plate, the second half-wave plate, the Ronchi grating, the dynamic scattering medium, the third lens, the Gaussian amplitude filter and the fourth lens constitute a coaxial interference system.

[0080] Preferably, it also includes:

[0081] A first beam splitter is disposed between the Ronchi grating and the dynamic scattering medium, and is used to split the fully coherent light beam array of the controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state generated by the Ronchi grating;

[0082] The first reflected light path is used to measure the average light intensity distribution and polarization state distribution of the light beam generated by the first beam splitter and perpendicular to the propagation direction of the light path, so as to obtain the average light intensity distribution and polarization state distribution of the fully coherent light beam array with controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state;

[0083] a fifth lens, disposed between the Gaussian amplitude filter and the fourth lens, and used for imaging the non-polarized vector partially coherent light beam generated by the Gaussian amplitude filter onto the second beam splitter;

[0084] A second beam splitter, used for splitting the non-polarization vector partially coherent light beam obtained by imaging the fifth lens;

[0085] The second reflected light path is used to measure the average light intensity distribution and polarization state distribution of the light beam perpendicular to the light path propagation direction generated by the second beam splitter, so as to obtain the average light intensity distribution and polarization state distribution of the non-polarization vector partially coherent light beam;

[0086] The third reflected light path is used to measure the average light intensity distribution and polarization state distribution of the full Poincare sphere polarized light beam array obtained by the fourth lens.

[0087] The method for generating a high-polarization-degree full Poincare sphere polarized beam array provided by the present application first offsets the full Poincare sphere North Pole electric field and the South Pole electric field of a fully coherent beam based on a preset displacement parameter. Since the full Poincare sphere North Pole electric field and the South Pole electric field of a sub-beam can be obtained each time the offset is made, each sub-beam can correspond to a full Poincare sphere polarized electric field individually, so that the polarization state of each sub-beam is independent of each other, so that when the polarization state of each sub-beam is adjusted, the polarization state of other sub-beams will not be affected; then, based on the sum of the full Poincare sphere North Pole electric field of all sub-beams and the sum of the full Poincare sphere South Pole electric field of all sub-beams, the fully coherent beam array electric field with a controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state in which the polarization state of each sub-beam is flexibly and adjustable is obtained, and based on the full Poincare sphere polarization state of the fully coherent beam array electric field, a polarization matrix is ​​obtained to obtain a non-polarized beam array. The polarization matrix is ​​encoded into the coherent structure of the partially coherent vector beam, and the characteristic of the coherent structure to resist environmental disturbance is used to ensure that the polarization characteristics of the fully coherent beam array with controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state are not changed by environmental factors during the transmission to the far field; finally, based on the cross spectral density matrix element of the non-polarization vector partially coherent beam, the non-polarization vector partially coherent beam is transmitted to the far field to obtain a full Poincare sphere polarization beam array. Since the polarization state of each sub-beam in the initially generated fully coherent beam array with controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state is independent of each other, the polarization state of each sub-beam in the full Poincare sphere polarization beam array finally obtained in the far field can be flexibly and independently adjusted, so that the beam array can be more accurately controlled, so that it can be used in high-precision application scenarios such as quantum communication and laser processing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0088] In order to make the content of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below according to specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0089] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for generating a high-polarization-degree full Poincare sphere polarized beam array provided in this application;

[0090] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a device for generating a high-polarization full-Poincare sphere polarized beam array provided in this application;

[0091] Figure 3 A computer-generated hologram obtained by a pure phase spatial light modulator provided in an embodiment of the present application; wherein, Figure 3 (a) in the figure is the first array hologram, Figure 3 (b) in the figure is the second array hologram. Figure 3 (c) in the figure is the third array hologram. Figure 3(d) is a local magnified image of a single spot of the first array hologram. Figure 3 (e) is a local magnified image of a single spot of the second array hologram. Figure 3 (f) is a local magnified image of a single spot of the third array hologram;

[0092] Explanation of the reference numerals in the specification: 1. laser; 2. first polarizer; 3. beam expander; 4. pure phase spatial light modulator; 5. first lens; 6. filter; 7. second lens; 8. first half-wave plate; 9. second half-wave plate; 10. Ronchi grating; 11. dynamic scattering medium; 12. third lens; 13. Gaussian amplitude filter; 14. fourth lens; 15. first beam splitter; 16. first reflected light path; 17. fifth lens; 18. second beam splitter; 19. second reflected light path; 20. third reflected light path; 21. sixth lens; 22. first quarter-wave plate; 23. second polarizer; 24. first charge-coupled device; 25. seventh lens; 26. second quarter-wave plate; 27. third polarizer; 28. second charge-coupled device; 29. ​​third quarter-wave plate; 30. fourth polarizer; 31. third charge-coupled device; 32. opaque obstacle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0093] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and implement it, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0094] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 The flowchart of the method for generating a high-polarization-degree full Poincare sphere polarized beam array provided by the present application is shown, and the method specifically includes:

[0095] S10: acquiring the electric field of the North Pole and the South Pole of the entire Poincare sphere of the fully coherent light beam, and offsetting the electric field of the North Pole and the South Pole of the entire Poincare sphere of the fully coherent light beam based on a preset displacement parameter, and obtaining the electric field of the North Pole and the South Pole of the entire Poincare sphere of a sub-beam based on each offset;

[0096] S20: obtaining an electric field of a fully coherent beam array with a controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state based on the sum of the electric fields of the north pole of all sub-beams and the sum of the electric fields of the south pole of all sub-beams, and obtaining a polarization matrix based on the electric field of the fully coherent beam array with a controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state;

[0097] S30: encoding the polarization matrix into the partially coherent vector beam coherence structure to obtain a non-polarized vector partially coherent beam and its cross-spectral density matrix element;

[0098] S40: Transmitting the non-polarization vector partially coherent beam to the far field based on the cross spectral density matrix element of the non-polarization vector partially coherent beam to obtain a full Poincare sphere polarized beam array.

[0099] The method for generating a high-polarization-degree full Poincare sphere polarized beam array provided by the present application first offsets the full Poincare sphere North Pole electric field and the South Pole electric field of a fully coherent beam based on a preset displacement parameter. Since the full Poincare sphere North Pole electric field and the South Pole electric field of a sub-beam can be obtained each time the offset is made, each sub-beam can correspond to a full Poincare sphere polarized electric field individually, so that the polarization state of each sub-beam is independent of each other, so that when the polarization state of each sub-beam is adjusted, the polarization state of other sub-beams will not be affected; then, based on the sum of the full Poincare sphere North Pole electric field of all sub-beams and the sum of the full Poincare sphere South Pole electric field of all sub-beams, the fully coherent beam array electric field with a controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state in which the polarization state of each sub-beam is flexibly and adjustable is obtained, and based on the full Poincare sphere polarization state of the fully coherent beam array electric field, a polarization matrix is ​​obtained to obtain a non-polarized beam array. The polarization matrix is ​​encoded into the coherent structure of the partially coherent vector beam, and the characteristic of the coherent structure to resist environmental disturbance is used to ensure that the polarization characteristics of the fully coherent beam array with controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state are not changed by environmental factors during the transmission to the far field; finally, based on the cross spectral density matrix element of the non-polarization vector partially coherent beam, the non-polarization vector partially coherent beam is transmitted to the far field to obtain a full Poincare sphere polarization beam array. Since the polarization state of each sub-beam in the initially generated fully coherent beam array with controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state is independent of each other, the polarization state of each sub-beam in the full Poincare sphere polarization beam array finally obtained in the far field can be flexibly and independently adjusted, so that the beam array can be more accurately controlled, so that it can be used in high-precision application scenarios such as quantum communication and laser processing.

[0100] Specifically, the distribution form of the full Poincare sphere polarization electric field of a single fully coherent beam is expressed as:

[0101] ,

[0102] in, represents the fully Poincare sphere polarized electric field of a single fully coherent beam; The electric field at the north pole of the entire Poincare sphere represents a completely coherent beam; represents the unit vector of the right-handed circular polarization state, , and denote the unit vectors of the orthogonal electric field in the x-direction and the electric field in the y-direction respectively; represents an imaginary unit; The electric field at the south pole of the full Poincare sphere represents a completely coherent beam; represents the unit vector of the left-handed circular polarization state, ;

[0103] The electric field of the entire Poincare sphere north pole of a fully coherent beam is expressed as:

[0104] ,

[0105] in, The electric field at the north pole of the entire Poincare sphere represents a completely coherent beam; represents the latitude angle of the entire Poincare sphere, ; represents the longitude angle of the entire Poincare sphere, ; represents the first polarization parameter; Indicates that the radial order is 0 and the angular order is Laguerre polynomials of ; represents an imaginary unit;

[0106] The electric field at the south pole of the entire Poincare sphere for a fully coherent beam is expressed as:

[0107] ,

[0108] in, The electric field at the south pole of the full Poincare sphere represents a completely coherent beam; represents the second polarization parameter; Indicates that the radial order is 0 and the angular order is Laguerre polynomials of ;

[0109] By adjusting the first polarization parameter , the second polarization parameter , the latitude angle of the entire Poincare sphere and the longitude angle of the entire Poincare sphere That is, the polarization state of the generated fully coherent vector beam can be customized.

[0110] In order to obtain a beam array with a full Poincare sphere polarization state, and to enable the polarization state of each sub-beam to be flexibly and independently controlled, this embodiment introduces a displacement parameter into the full Poincare sphere north pole electric field and the south pole electric field of the fully coherent beam, and obtains the full Poincare sphere north pole electric field and the south pole electric field of a sub-beam based on each introduction of the displacement parameter. When the polarization state of a single sub-beam is controlled, it is only necessary to control the first polarization parameter in the full Poincare sphere north pole electric field and the south pole electric field of the sub-beam. , the second polarization parameter , the latitude angle of the entire Poincare sphere and the longitude angle of the entire Poincare sphere , thereby achieving flexible and independent control of the polarization state of each sub-beam; by summing the electric fields of the North Pole and South Pole of the entire Poincare sphere of all sub-beams, the electric field of a fully coherent beam array with controllable polarization state of the entire Poincare sphere can be obtained.

[0111] Specifically, the sum of the electric fields of the entire Poincare sphere north poles of all sub-beams is expressed as:

[0112] ,

[0113] in, represents the sum of the electric fields at the north pole of the entire Poincare sphere for all sub-beams; represents the number of sub-beams; Indicates The full Poincare sphere latitude angle of the sub-beam; Indicates The full Poincare sphere longitude angle of each beamlet; Indicates The first polarization parameter of each sub-beam; Indicates that the radial order is 0 and the angular order is Laguerre polynomials of ; Indicates The sub-beams correspond to Preset displacement parameters in the direction of the electric field; Indicates The sub-beams correspond to Preset displacement parameters in the direction of the electric field;

[0114] The sum of the electric fields at the south pole of the entire Poincare sphere for all sub-beams is expressed as:

[0115] ,

[0116] in, represents the sum of the electric fields at the south pole of the entire Poincare sphere for all sub-beams; Indicates The second polarization parameter of the sub-beam; Indicates that the radial order is 0 and the angular order is The Laguerre polynomial of .

[0117] Furthermore, the electric field of a fully coherent beam array with controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state is expressed as:

[0118] ,

[0119] in, The electric field of a fully coherent beam array representing the controllable polarization state of the entire Poincare sphere; represents the sum of the electric fields at the north pole of the entire Poincare sphere for all sub-beams; represents the sum of the electric fields at the south pole of the entire Poincare sphere for all sub-beams; represents the unit vector of the right-handed circular polarization state, , and denote the unit vectors of the orthogonal electric field in the x-direction and the electric field in the y-direction respectively; represents an imaginary unit; represents the unit vector of the left-handed circular polarization state, .

[0120] After obtaining the electric field of the fully coherent beam array in the controllable full Poincare sphere vibration state, its polarization matrix can be obtained accordingly. Specifically, the polarization matrix is ​​expressed as:

[0121] ,

[0122] in, represents the polarization matrix; Electric field of a fully coherent beam array representing the controllable polarization state of the entire Poincare sphere The complex conjugate of Electric field of a fully coherent beam array representing the controllable polarization state of the entire Poincare sphere The transpose of .

[0123] In order to generate an anti-interference full Poincare sphere polarized beam array with controllable polarization state in the far field, the present embodiment first encodes the polarization matrix into the coherent structure of the partially coherent vector beam. Specifically, the cross spectral density matrix element of the non-polarized vector partially coherent beam obtained after encoding is expressed as:

[0124] ,

[0125] in, represents the cross spectral density matrix element of the non-polarization vector partially coherent beam; represents any two positions at the light source; Represents the light source at any position Direction and direction; represents the matrix element of the polarization matrix; Represents the spatial position vector; and Represents systems and functions, , represents an imaginary unit; Indicates wavelength; represents the focal length of the Fourier transform lens; represents the amplitude shaping function. For the convenience of calculation, the amplitude shaping function selects the spot width as The Gaussian distribution form of .

[0126] By simplifying the above formula, the cross spectral density matrix element of the non-polarization vector partially coherent beam is expressed as:

[0127] ,

[0128] ,

[0129] in, represents the cross spectral density matrix element of the non-polarization vector partially coherent beam; represents any two positions at the light source; Represents the light source at any position Direction and direction; express Amplitude shaping function at The complex conjugate of , Indicates the width of the light spot; express The amplitude shaping function at ; represents the coherence structure of a partially coherent vector beam; represents the matrix element of the polarization matrix; Represents the spatial position vector; represents an imaginary unit; Indicates wavelength; represents the focal length of the Fourier transform lens.

[0130] It can be seen from the above formula that since the coherent structure of the partially coherent vector beam is a function about two points in space, and the amplitude function is a real-valued Gaussian distribution, the partially coherent vector beam is a non-polarized Gaussian distribution at the light source. By hiding the polarization matrix of the electric field of the fully coherent beam array with controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state in the coherent structure of the partially coherent vector beam, the polarization information of the fully coherent beam array with controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state is hidden to prevent it from being stolen and measured during the beam transmission process, and it has good hiding security. In addition, since the coherent structure has good resistance to complex environmental disturbances, it can also prevent the polarization characteristics of the fully coherent beam array with controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state from being destroyed by environmental factors during the transmission to the far field, so that the fully coherent beam array with controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state has the characteristic of resisting environmental interference during transmission.

[0131] Furthermore, in order to obtain the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array, the free-space generalized Collins integral formula is used to transmit the non-polarized vector partially coherent beam to the far field, which specifically includes:

[0132] The free-space generalized Collins integral formula is used to calculate the cross-spectral density matrix element of the non-polarized vector partially coherent beam at the output surface after the non-polarized vector partially coherent beam is transmitted to the far field based on the cross-spectral density matrix element of the non-polarized vector partially coherent beam.

[0133] Specifically, the cross spectral density matrix element of the non-polarization vector partially coherent beam at the output surface after being transmitted to the far field is expressed as:

[0134] ,

[0135] in, represents the cross spectral density matrix element at the output plane after the non-polarization vector partially coherent beam is transmitted to the far field; , Indicates wavelength; represents an imaginary unit; , The vector representing any two positions on the output surface; represents the cross spectral density matrix element of the non-polarization vector partially coherent beam; represents any two positions at the light source; , , Represents the optical system transmission matrix element. In the lens focusing system, , , , Indicates object distance or image distance, represents the focal length of the Fourier transform lens;

[0136] Using Fourier transform and convolution theory, based on the relationship between the polarization matrix and the cross-spectral density matrix element at the output surface, the polarization matrix element at the output surface is obtained, and based on the polarization matrix element at the output surface, the full Poincare sphere polarized beam is obtained;

[0137] Among them, the relationship between the polarization matrix and the cross-spectral density matrix elements at the output plane is: , specifically, the polarization matrix element at the output plane is expressed as:

[0138] ,

[0139] in, represents the polarization matrix element at the output plane; , , express A complex-valued function of direction, express Complex-valued function of direction; represents Fourier transform; Represents the convolution operation; A coherence matrix representing a partially coherent vector beam; represents complex conjugate.

[0140] It can be seen from the polarization matrix element representation of the above output surface that the far-field polarization matrix is ​​determined by the initial amplitude distribution and the polarization matrix hidden in the coherent structure. With the increase of transmission distance, especially when the light beam is transmitted to the far field, the far-field polarization matrix is ​​completely determined by the transmission polarization matrix. Therefore, the fully coherent light beam array with controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state can be restored in the far field, thereby realizing anti-interference and safe transmission, and generating a full Poincare sphere polarization light beam array with controllable polarization in the far field, and the light beam array has a high degree of polarization.

[0141] Furthermore, after obtaining the full Poincare sphere polarization beam array, the polarization characteristics of the beam can also be measured. The specific steps include:

[0142] The detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array is measured using a quarter wave plate and a linear polarizer.

[0143] Specifically, the detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array is expressed as:

[0144] ,

[0145] in, The angle between the fast axis of the linear polarizer and the x-axis is , the phase difference introduced by the quarter-wave plate between the x and y electric fields is The detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array when ; Represents the polarization matrix at the output surface Matrix element of direction; represents the polarization moment at the output surface Matrix element of direction; represents the polarization moment at the output surface Matrix element of direction; represents the polarization moment at the output surface Matrix element of direction; It represents the angle between the fast axis of the linear polarizer and the x-axis; represents the phase difference introduced by the quarter-wave plate between the x and y electric fields;

[0146] The four Stokes parameters of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array are calculated based on the detection light intensity, and the average light intensity distribution and polarization state distribution of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array in the far field are calculated based on the four Stokes parameters;

[0147] Specifically, the first Stokes parameter is expressed as:

[0148] ,

[0149] in, represents the first Stokes parameter; The angle between the fast axis of the linear polarizer and the x-axis is , the phase difference introduced by the quarter-wave plate between the x and y electric fields is The detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array when ; The angle between the fast axis of the linear polarizer and the x-axis is , the phase difference introduced by the quarter-wave plate between the x and y electric fields is The detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array when ;

[0150] The second Stokes parameter is expressed as:

[0151] ,

[0152] in, represents the second Stokes parameter;

[0153] The third Stokes parameter is expressed as:

[0154] ,

[0155] in, represents the third Stokes parameter; The angle between the fast axis of the linear polarizer and the x-axis is , the phase difference introduced by the quarter-wave plate between the x and y electric fields is The detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array when ; The angle between the fast axis of the linear polarizer and the x-axis is , the phase difference introduced by the quarter-wave plate between the x and y electric fields is The detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array when ;

[0156] The fourth Stokes parameter is expressed as:

[0157] ,

[0158] in, represents the fourth Stokes parameter; The angle between the fast axis of the linear polarizer and the x-axis is , the phase difference introduced by the quarter-wave plate between the x and y electric fields is The detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array when ; The angle between the fast axis of the linear polarizer and the x-axis is , the phase difference introduced by the quarter-wave plate between the x and y electric fields is The detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array when ;

[0159] The average light intensity distribution of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array in the far field is expressed as:

[0160] ,

[0161] in, represents the average light intensity distribution of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array in the far field;

[0162] The polarization state distribution is expressed as:

[0163] ,

[0164] in, represents the polarization state distribution.

[0165] Based on the method for generating a high-polarization-degree full Poincare sphere polarized beam array provided in the above embodiment, the present application embodiment also provides a device for generating a high-polarization-degree full Poincare sphere polarized beam array, such as Figure 2 As shown, the device specifically includes:

[0166] Laser 1, for generating a fully coherent light beam;

[0167] A first polarizer 2, used for adjusting the fully coherent light beam into linearly polarized light;

[0168] A beam expander 3, used for expanding linearly polarized light;

[0169] A pure phase spatial light modulator 4, for obtaining a computer-generated hologram of the electric field of the North Pole and the South Pole of the full Poincare sphere of the fully coherent light beam based on the expanded linearly polarized light;

[0170] A first lens 5, used for dividing the light beam reflected by the pure phase spatial light modulator into a plurality of diffraction poles;

[0171] A filter 6, used for filtering out the positive first-order light of the North Pole electric field and the positive first-order light of the South Pole electric field from the light beam emitted by the first lens;

[0172] A second lens 7 is used to focus the positive first-order light of the North Pole electric field and the positive first-order light of the South Pole electric field;

[0173] For example, in one embodiment of the present application, the focal length of the first lens 5 is and the focal length of the second lens 7 250mm;

[0174] The first half-wave plate 8 is used to adjust the positive first-order light of the north pole electric field after focusing to right-handed circularly polarized light;

[0175] The second half-wave plate 9 is used to adjust the positive first-order light of the focused south pole electric field into left-handed circularly polarized light;

[0176] The Ronchi grating 10 is used to combine the right-handed circularly polarized light and the left-handed circularly polarized light to obtain a fully coherent light beam array with a controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state;

[0177] A dynamic scattering medium 11 is used to enhance a fully coherent beam array with a controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state;

[0178] The third lens 12 is used to encode the enhanced fully coherent beam array of controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state into a partially coherent vector beam coherent structure;

[0179] Specifically, in some embodiments of the present application, the third lens 12 has Fourier transform characteristics, and its focal length , the dynamic scattering medium 11 is located at the front focal plane of the third lens 12;

[0180] A Gaussian amplitude filter 13 is used to perform amplitude shaping on the light beam emitted by the third lens to obtain a non-polarized vector partially coherent light beam;

[0181] The fourth lens 14 is used to transmit the non-polarized vector partially coherent light beam to the far field to obtain a full Poincare sphere polarized light beam array;

[0182] Specifically, in some embodiments of the present application, the focal length of the fourth lens 14 is ;

[0183] Among them, the first lens 5, the filter 6, the second lens 7, the first half-wave plate 8, the second half-wave plate 9, the Ronchi grating 10, the dynamic scattering medium 11, the third lens 12, the Gaussian amplitude filter 13 and the fourth lens 14 constitute a coaxial interference system.

[0184] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the device further includes:

[0185] A first beam splitter 15 is disposed between the Ronchi grating 10 and the dynamic scattering medium 11, and is used to split the fully coherent light beam array of the controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state generated by the Ronchi grating 10;

[0186] The first reflection optical path 16 is used to measure the average light intensity distribution and polarization state distribution of the light beam generated by the first beam splitter 15 and perpendicular to the propagation direction of the optical path, so as to obtain the average light intensity distribution and polarization state distribution of the fully coherent light beam array with controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state;

[0187] The fifth lens 17 is disposed between the Gaussian amplitude filter 13 and the fourth lens 14, and is used to image the non-polarized vector partially coherent light beam generated by the Gaussian amplitude filter 13 onto the second beam splitter;

[0188] A second beam splitter 18, used for splitting the non-polarized vector partially coherent light beam obtained by imaging the fifth lens 17;

[0189] Specifically, in some embodiments of the present application, the focal length of the fifth lens 17 is The distance between the fifth lens 17 and the Gaussian amplitude filter 13 is ; The distance between the fifth lens 17 and the second beam splitter 18 is ;

[0190] The second reflection optical path 19 is used to measure the average light intensity distribution and polarization state distribution of the light beam generated by the second beam splitter 18 and perpendicular to the propagation direction of the optical path, so as to obtain the average light intensity distribution and polarization state distribution of the non-polarization vector partially coherent light beam;

[0191] The third reflected light path 20 is used to measure the average light intensity distribution and polarization state distribution of the full Poincare sphere polarized light beam array obtained by the fourth lens 14 .

[0192] Specifically, in some embodiments of the present application, the first reflective optical path 16 includes a sixth lens 21, a first quarter wave plate 22, a second polarizer 23 and a first charge coupled device 24; wherein the sixth lens 21, the first quarter wave plate 22, the second polarizer 23 and the first charge coupled device 24 are coaxially arranged, and the focal length of the sixth lens 21 is , the distance between the first beam splitter 15 and the sixth lens 21 is , the distance between the sixth lens 21 and the first charge coupled device 24 is ;

[0193] The second reflection light path 19 includes a seventh lens 25, a second quarter wave plate 26, a third polarizer 27 and a second charge coupled device 28; wherein the seventh lens 25, the second quarter wave plate 26, the third polarizer 27 and the second charge coupled device 28 are coaxially arranged, and the focal length of the seventh lens 25 is , the distance between the second beam splitter 18 and the seventh lens 25 is , the distance between the seventh lens 25 and the second charge coupled device 28 is ;

[0194] The third reflective optical path 20 includes a third quarter wave plate 29, a fourth polarizer 30 and a third charge coupled device 31; wherein the third quarter wave plate 29, the fourth polarizer 30 and the third charge coupled device 31 are coaxially arranged, and the third charge coupled device 31 is arranged at the focal plane of the fourth lens 14;

[0195] In this embodiment, a fan-shaped opaque obstacle 32 with a controllable size is arranged between the fourth lens 14 and the third charge coupled device 31 to verify the anti-interference performance of the generated full Poincare sphere polarized light beam array.

[0196] The complete working principle of the device for generating a high-polarization full Poincare sphere polarized light beam array provided in this embodiment is as follows: a laser emits a fully coherent light beam with a wavelength of 532nm, which is adjusted by a first polarizer to be a horizontal (x) linear polarized light, and then the light beam is expanded by a beam expander and uniformly transmitted to a pure phase spatial light modulator; wherein the pure phase spatial light modulator is used to load a computer-generated hologram of the north and south pole electric fields of a fully coherent light beam array with a controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state; in order to accurately combine the north and south pole electric fields, the light reflected from the pure phase spatial light modulator is incident on a co-path interference system composed of a first lens and a second lens, and the light emitted from the first lens is divided into multiple diffraction orders, and then the positive first-order light of the north and south pole electric fields is filtered out by the filter respectively, and the two positive first-order lights pass through the second lens; wherein, the first half-wave plate and the second half-wave plate are respectively placed in the two positive first-order light paths, the first half-wave plate is used to control the positive first-order light to be right-handed circularly polarized light, and the second half-wave plate is used to control the other positive first-order light to be left-handed circularly polarized light; the two beams of left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light are finally stably combined into one beam by using the Ronchi grating located at the rear focal plane of the second lens, that is, a fully coherent light beam array with controllable full Poincare sphere polarization is obtained; the fully coherent light beam array with controllable full Poincare sphere polarization enters the first reflected light path through the first beam splitter, so as to detect its light intensity distribution and polarization distribution.

[0197] A fully coherent light beam array with controllable full Poincare sphere polarization is transmitted through a first beam splitter, then passes through a dynamic scattering medium and a third lens with Fourier transform characteristics, thereby encoding the fully coherent light beam array with controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state into a partially coherent vector beam coherent structure, and then uses a Gaussian amplitude filter to perform amplitude shaping to obtain a non-polarized vector partially coherent light beam; the light beam is imaged onto a second beam splitter using a fifth lens and enters a second reflected light path through the second beam splitter, thereby detecting the light intensity distribution and polarization distribution at the light source surface of the non-polarized vector partially coherent light beam.

[0198] After the non-polarized vector partially coherent light beam passes through the second beam splitter, it is focused by the fourth lens and reaches the focal plane of the lens, that is, the light beam is transmitted to the far field to obtain the full Poincare sphere polarized light beam array, and finally the third reflected light path is used to detect the light intensity distribution and polarization distribution of the full Poincare sphere polarized light beam array. Among them, the pure phase spatial light modulator is connected to the computer to load the computer-generated hologram, and the first charge-coupled device, the second charge-coupled device and the third charge-coupled device are all connected to the computer to record the captured light intensity information and calculate the polarization information of the light beam.

[0199] By way of example, the process of loading a computer-generated hologram on a pure phase spatial light modulator includes: generating a computational hologram based on the electric field expressions of the north pole and the south pole of the full Poincare sphere of a fully coherent light beam by a computer, and then superimposing a multiplexed hologram;

[0200] Among them, the left-handed circularly polarized electric field holographic expression is:

[0201] ,

[0202] ,

[0203] ,

[0204] in, represents the amplitude parameter of the left-handed circularly polarized electric field, ; represents the phase parameter of the left-handed circularly polarized electric field, , represents the phase function;

[0205] The right-handed circularly polarized electric field holographic expression is:

[0206] ,

[0207] ,

[0208] ,

[0209] in, represents the amplitude parameter of the right-handed circularly polarized electric field, ; represents the phase parameter of the right-handed circularly polarized electric field, , represents the phase function; Used to generate Ronchi gratings, Used to control the grating period, Used to control the grating offset direction; when When , the grating is decomposed into two orthogonal periodic components;

[0210] Finally, the two holograms are recombined to obtain the electric field of the North Pole and the South Pole of the entire Poincare sphere of the fully coherent beam; in a specific example of the present application, the corresponding hologram parameters are the number of arrays , displacement parameter , , , ; Polarization parameters , , ;

[0211] For example, Figure 3 The computer generated hologram obtained by the pure phase spatial light modulator is shown in Figure 3 (a) Figure 3 (b) and Figure 3 (c) in the figure is the first array hologram, the second array hologram and the third array hologram obtained by superimposing the multiplexed hologram with the calculated hologram. Figure 3 (d) Figure 3 (e) and Figure 3 (f) in the figure is the first local magnified image of a single light spot, the second local magnified image of a single light spot and the third local magnified image of a single light spot obtained after the calculated hologram is superimposed on the multiplexed hologram.

[0212] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.

[0213] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0214] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0215] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0216] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for generating a high-polarization-degree full Poincare sphere polarized beam array, characterized in that: include: Acquire the full Poincare sphere north pole electric field and the south pole electric field of the fully coherent light beam, and offset the full Poincare sphere north pole electric field and the south pole electric field of the fully coherent light beam based on a preset displacement parameter, and obtain the full Poincare sphere north pole electric field and the south pole electric field of a sub-beam based on each offset; Based on the sum of the electric fields of the north pole of the whole Poincare sphere of all sub-beams and the sum of the electric fields of the south pole of the whole Poincare sphere of all sub-beams, an electric field of a fully coherent beam array with a controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state is obtained, and a polarization matrix is ​​obtained based on the electric field of the fully coherent beam array with a controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state; Encoding the polarization matrix into a partially coherent vector beam coherence structure to obtain a non-polarized vector partially coherent beam and its cross-spectral density matrix element; Based on the cross spectral density matrix element of the non-polarization vector partially coherent beam, the non-polarization vector partially coherent beam is transmitted to the far field to obtain a full Poincare sphere polarized beam array, which specifically includes: Using a free-space generalized Collins integral formula, based on a cross-spectral density matrix element of a non-polarized vector partially coherent light beam, a cross-spectral density matrix element of the non-polarized vector partially coherent light beam at an output surface after the non-polarized vector partially coherent light beam is transmitted to a far field is calculated; Using Fourier transform and convolution theory, based on the relationship between the polarization matrix and the cross-spectral density matrix element at the output surface, a polarization matrix element at the output surface is obtained, and based on the polarization matrix element at the output surface, a full Poincare sphere polarized beam array is obtained; The detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array is measured using a quarter wave plate and a linear polarizer. Four Stokes parameters of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array are calculated based on the detection light intensity, and the average light intensity distribution and polarization state distribution of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array in the far field are calculated based on the four Stokes parameters.

2. The method for generating a high-polarization-degree full Poincare sphere polarized beam array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric field of the entire Poincare sphere north pole of a fully coherent beam is expressed as: ， in, The electric field at the north pole of the entire Poincare sphere represents a completely coherent beam; represents the latitude angle of the entire Poincare sphere, ; represents the longitude angle of the entire Poincare sphere, ; represents the first polarization parameter; Indicates that the radial order is 0 and the angular order is Laguerre polynomials of ; represents an imaginary unit; The electric field at the south pole of the entire Poincare sphere for a fully coherent beam is expressed as: ， in, The electric field at the south pole of the full Poincare sphere represents a completely coherent beam; represents the second polarization parameter; Indicates that the radial order is 0 and the angular order is Laguerre polynomials of ; The sum of the electric fields of the entire Poincare sphere north pole of all sub-beams is expressed as: ， in, represents the sum of the electric fields at the north pole of the entire Poincare sphere for all sub-beams; represents the number of sub-beams; Indicates The full Poincare sphere latitude angle of the sub-beam; Indicates The full Poincare sphere longitude angle of each beamlet; Indicates The first polarization parameter of each sub-beam; Indicates that the radial order is 0 and the angular order is Laguerre polynomials of ; Indicates The corresponding sub-beam Preset displacement parameters in the direction of the electric field; Indicates The corresponding sub-beam Preset displacement parameters in the direction of the electric field; The sum of the electric fields at the south pole of the entire Poincare sphere for all sub-beams is expressed as: ， in, represents the sum of the electric fields at the south pole of the entire Poincare sphere for all sub-beams; Indicates The second polarization parameter of the sub-beam; Indicates that the radial order is 0 and the angular order is The Laguerre polynomial of .

3. The method for generating a high-polarization-degree full Poincare sphere polarized beam array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric field of a fully coherent beam array with controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state is expressed as: ， in, The electric field of a fully coherent beam array representing the controllable polarization state of the entire Poincare sphere; represents the sum of the electric fields at the north pole of the entire Poincare sphere for all sub-beams; represents the sum of the electric fields at the south pole of the entire Poincare sphere for all sub-beams; represents the unit vector of the right-handed circular polarization state, , and denote the unit vectors of the orthogonal electric field in the x-direction and the electric field in the y-direction respectively; represents an imaginary unit; represents the unit vector of the left-handed circular polarization state, ; The polarization matrix is ​​expressed as: ， in, represents the polarization matrix; Electric field of a fully coherent beam array representing the controllable polarization state of the entire Poincare sphere The complex conjugate of Electric field of a fully coherent beam array representing the controllable polarization state of the entire Poincare sphere The transpose of .

4. The method for generating a high-polarization-degree full Poincare sphere polarized beam array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross spectral density matrix element of the non-polarization vector partially coherent beam is expressed as: ， ， in, represents the cross spectral density matrix element of the non-polarization vector partially coherent beam; represents any two positions at the light source; Represents the light source at any position Direction and direction; express Amplitude shaping function at The complex conjugate of , Indicates the width of the light spot; express The amplitude shaping function at ; represents the coherence structure of a partially coherent vector beam; represents the matrix element of the polarization matrix; Represents the spatial position vector; represents an imaginary unit; Indicates wavelength; represents the focal length of the Fourier transform lens.

5. The method for generating a high-polarization-degree full Poincare sphere polarized beam array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross spectral density matrix element of the non-polarized vector partially coherent beam at the output surface after being transmitted to the far field is expressed as: ， in, represents the cross spectral density matrix element at the output plane after the non-polarization vector partially coherent beam is transmitted to the far field; , Indicates wavelength; represents an imaginary unit; , The vector representing any two positions on the output surface; represents the cross spectral density matrix element of the non-polarization vector partially coherent beam; represents any two positions at the light source; , , Represents the optical system transmission matrix element. In the lens focusing system, , , , Indicates object distance or image distance, represents the focal length of the Fourier transform lens; The polarization matrix element at the output surface is expressed as: ， in, represents the polarization matrix element at the output plane; , , express A complex-valued function of direction, express Complex-valued function of direction; represents Fourier transform; Represents the convolution operation; A coherence matrix representing a partially coherent vector beam; represents complex conjugate.

6. The method for generating a high-polarization-degree full Poincare sphere polarized beam array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array is expressed as: ， in, The angle between the fast axis of the linear polarizer and the x-axis is , the phase difference introduced by the quarter-wave plate between the x and y electric fields is The detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array when ; Represents the polarization matrix at the output surface Matrix element of direction; represents the polarization moment at the output surface Matrix element of direction; represents the polarization moment at the output surface Matrix element of direction; represents the polarization moment at the output surface Matrix element of direction; It represents the angle between the fast axis of the linear polarizer and the x-axis; represents the phase difference introduced by the quarter-wave plate between the x and y electric fields; The first Stokes parameter is expressed as: ， in, represents the first Stokes parameter; The angle between the fast axis of the linear polarizer and the x-axis is , the phase difference introduced by the quarter-wave plate between the x and y electric fields is The detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array when ; The angle between the fast axis of the linear polarizer and the x-axis is , the phase difference introduced by the quarter-wave plate between the x and y electric fields is The detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array when ; The second Stokes parameter is expressed as: ， in, represents the second Stokes parameter; The third Stokes parameter is expressed as: ， in, represents the third Stokes parameter; The angle between the fast axis of the linear polarizer and the x-axis is , the phase difference introduced by the quarter-wave plate between the x and y electric fields is The detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array when ; The angle between the fast axis of the linear polarizer and the x-axis is , the phase difference introduced by the quarter-wave plate between the x and y electric fields is The detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array when ; The fourth Stokes parameter is expressed as: ， in, represents the fourth Stokes parameter; The angle between the fast axis of the linear polarizer and the x-axis is , the phase difference introduced by the quarter-wave plate between the x and y electric fields is The detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array when ; The angle between the fast axis of the linear polarizer and the x-axis is , the phase difference introduced by the quarter-wave plate between the x and y electric fields is The detection light intensity of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array when ; The average light intensity distribution of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array in the far field is expressed as: ， in, represents the average light intensity distribution of the full Poincare sphere polarized beam array in the far field; The polarization state distribution is expressed as: ， in, represents the polarization state distribution.

7. A device for generating a high-polarization-degree full Poincare sphere polarized beam array, characterized in that: A method for generating a high-polarization-degree full Poincare sphere polarized beam array as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising: Lasers, used to produce fully coherent light beams; A first polarizer, used to adjust the fully coherent light beam into linearly polarized light; A beam expander, used for expanding the linearly polarized light; A pure phase spatial light modulator for obtaining a computer-generated hologram of the electric field of the North Pole and the South Pole of the full Poincare sphere of the fully coherent light beam based on the expanded linearly polarized light; A first lens is used to divide the light beam reflected by the pure phase spatial light modulator into a plurality of diffraction poles; A filter, used for filtering out the positive first-order light of the electric field of the north pole and the positive first-order light of the electric field of the south pole from the light beam emitted by the first lens; A second lens is used to focus the positive first-order light of the north pole electric field and the positive first-order light of the south pole electric field; The first half-wave plate is used to adjust the positive first-order light of the focused North Pole electric field into right-handed circularly polarized light; The second half-wave plate is used to adjust the positive first-order light of the focused south pole electric field into left-handed circularly polarized light; A Ronchi grating, used for combining the right-handed circularly polarized light and the left-handed circularly polarized light to obtain a fully coherent light beam array with a controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state; A dynamic scattering medium for enhancing the fully coherent beam array of the controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state; A third lens is used to encode the enhanced fully coherent beam array with controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state into a partially coherent vector beam coherent structure; A Gaussian amplitude filter is used to perform amplitude shaping on the light beam emitted by the third lens to obtain a non-polarized vector partially coherent light beam; A fourth lens is used to transmit the non-polarized vector partially coherent light beam to a far field to obtain a full Poincare sphere polarized light beam array; The first lens, the filter, the second lens, the first half-wave plate, the second half-wave plate, the Ronchi grating, the dynamic scattering medium, the third lens, the Gaussian amplitude filter and the fourth lens constitute a coaxial interference system.

8. The device for generating a high-polarization-degree full Poincare sphere polarized beam array according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: A first beam splitter is disposed between the Ronchi grating and the dynamic scattering medium, and is used to split the fully coherent light beam array of the controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state generated by the Ronchi grating; The first reflected light path is used to measure the average light intensity distribution and polarization state distribution of the light beam generated by the first beam splitter and perpendicular to the propagation direction of the light path, so as to obtain the average light intensity distribution and polarization state distribution of the fully coherent light beam array with controllable full Poincare sphere polarization state; a fifth lens, disposed between the Gaussian amplitude filter and the fourth lens, and used for imaging the non-polarized vector partially coherent light beam generated by the Gaussian amplitude filter onto the second beam splitter; A second beam splitter, used for splitting the non-polarization vector partially coherent light beam obtained by imaging the fifth lens; The second reflected light path is used to measure the average light intensity distribution and polarization state distribution of the light beam perpendicular to the light path propagation direction generated by the second beam splitter, so as to obtain the average light intensity distribution and polarization state distribution of the non-polarization vector partially coherent light beam; The third reflected light path is used to measure the average light intensity distribution and polarization state distribution of the full Poincare sphere polarized light beam array obtained by the fourth lens.

Images