Road engineering design modeling method and system based on BIM 3D visualization technology

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of road planning modeling, in particular to a road engineering design modeling method and system based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology, and to the technical field of road planning modeling. The method comprises acquiring terrain elevation data, hydrological data and traffic flow data in a road planning area, and processing the terrain elevation data to obtain DEM data; inputting the DEM data into a BIM platform to generate a three-dimensional terrain model, using a grid to generate a terrain surface, and performing a plane and a longitudinal section design of a road in the three-dimensional terrain model; performing multi-dimensional optimization on the road design, comprehensively considering hydrological data and traffic flow, and selecting an optimal solution for a road planning route; simulating a road construction process, optimizing a construction sequence and resource allocation, minimizing construction time and cost, and obtaining a road construction planning scheme; monitoring changes in road construction during the construction process, and dynamically adjusting the road construction planning scheme if the monitoring data is inconsistent with the design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of road planning and modeling, and in particular to a road engineering design modeling method and system based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology. Background Art

[0002] The planning and improvement of urban transportation infrastructure is to meet the transportation needs of urban residents. The traditional centralized urban planning method often takes the determined city center as the core of transportation planning, and conducts road network planning and traffic design. The traditional road design is mainly based on two-dimensional plane drawings, lacks accurate reflection of complex terrain and multi-dimensional space, and easily causes the problem that the design does not match the actual construction; BIM is a digital tool applied to engineering design, construction and management. Through the integration of digital and information models of buildings, it is shared and transmitted in the whole life cycle of project planning, operation and maintenance. It can help realize the integration of building information. From the design, construction, operation of the building to the end of the whole life cycle of the building, various information is always integrated in a three-dimensional model information database, effectively improving work efficiency, saving resources, reducing costs, and achieving sustainable development; The Chinese patent with patent application number CN202310035671.0 discloses a three-dimensional comparison method for urban road line selection based on BIM. The specific steps of the three-dimensional comparison method for urban road line selection based on BIM are drawing scheme drawings, drawing line determination, drone field surveying, BIM simulation terrain construction, BIM model road construction, computer line comparison and manual discussion line selection. The present invention uses drone mapping to quickly construct terrain, thereby improving the construction efficiency of BIM models. The drone's tilted photography technology can capture real terrain scenes for adjusting the details of the BIM model, thereby improving the authenticity of the BIM model. By transcribing data in a document form, it is convenient to compare various data of roads that require line selection, and it is convenient for staff to calculate the construction time and construction cost during the line selection discussion. The road planning route is selected through the construction time and construction cost. A commonly used method is to determine the width and location of the road through road-related factors such as vehicle flow and pedestrian flow. Existing methods often select a single factor to design the road, and do not fully consider the impact of various factors on road design, construction and maintenance. For this reason, the present invention proposes a road engineering design modeling method and system based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a road engineering design modeling method and system based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: a road engineering design modeling method and system based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology; wherein the method comprises the following steps:

[0005] S1: Data collection: Obtain terrain elevation data, hydrological data and traffic flow data in the road planning area, and process the terrain elevation data to obtain DEM data;

[0006] S2: Build a 3D terrain model: Input DEM data into the BIM platform to generate a 3D terrain model, use the grid to generate the terrain surface, and perform the plan and longitudinal section design of the road in the 3D terrain model;

[0007] S3: Road optimization: Optimize road design in multiple dimensions, comprehensively consider hydrological data and traffic flow, and select the optimal solution for road planning routes;

[0008] S4: Road construction simulation: simulate the road construction process, optimize the construction sequence and resource allocation, minimize construction time and cost, and derive a road construction planning solution;

[0009] S5: Real-time construction monitoring and updating: Monitor road construction changes during the construction process. If the monitoring data does not match the design, dynamically adjust the road construction plan.

[0010] Furthermore, the road engineering design modeling method based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology, in S1, performs interpolation processing on terrain elevation data to generate a digital elevation model;

[0011] The interpolation formula is:

[0012] ;

[0013] in, is the elevation of the point to be interpolated, is the elevation of the known point, For distance, is the distance-weighted exponent, is the weight coefficient.

[0014] Furthermore, the road engineering design modeling method based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology, said S2 includes:

[0015] The plane line design of the road generates the road route through quadratic curve fitting:

[0016] ;

[0017] in , and is the fitting parameter, is the height of the road, is the plane distance;

[0018] The longitudinal section design of the road optimizes the longitudinal slope design through linear programming:

[0019] ;

[0020] in, Indicates The optimization goal is to minimize the total change of road slope.

[0021] Furthermore, in the road engineering design modeling method based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology, in S3, the analysis of the impact of hydrological data on road planning includes:

[0022] Water flow direction analysis: After the three-dimensional road model is rasterized, the grid cells , calculate the elevation difference between it and the surrounding 8 adjacent cells , water always flows in the direction with the smallest elevation difference:

[0023] ;

[0024] Represents a grid cell The direction of water flow, Represents a grid cell The elevation difference between it and its adjacent cells;

[0025] Water flow accumulation analysis: Based on the results of flow direction analysis, the catchment area of ​​each grid cell is calculated to identify the area where water flows converge:

[0026] ;

[0027] Represents a grid cell The traffic aggregation value of Represents all inflows into the grid cell, and the sum of the upstream cells of the cell according to the flow direction analysis results.

[0028] Furthermore, the road engineering design modeling method based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology also includes analyzing the impact of traffic flow on road planning in S3:

[0029] Traffic flow Average speed according to road planning and the number of vehicles on the road Decide:

[0030] ;

[0031] The average speed has a linear relationship with the number of vehicles on the road:

[0032] ;

[0033] is the free flow velocity, is the maximum number of vehicles that the road can carry;

[0034] get: ;

[0035] when When the traffic volume Reached maximum value.

[0036] Furthermore, the road engineering design modeling method based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology calculates the number of road vehicles include:

[0037] Predicting traffic volume in a road planning area :

[0038] ;

[0039] It is a factor that affects the traffic volume. It is an empirical model of influencing factors;

[0040] Predict road planning connected areas and Region The number of trips on the planned roads :

[0041] ;

[0042] and The regions are For Region Travel volume and area For Region Estimated travel volume, is the distance between the two regions, is the distance index;

[0043] Number of vehicles on the road: .

[0044] Furthermore, the road engineering design modeling method based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology uses a genetic algorithm to find the optimal solution for road planning in hydrological data, traffic flow data, and construction costs:

[0045] ;

[0046] is the fitness value of the planned road, Hydrological data risk cost, is the traffic flow cost, is the construction cost, , and They are the weights of hydrological data risk cost, traffic flow cost and construction cost respectively.

[0047] Furthermore, the road engineering design modeling method based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology includes in step S4:

[0048] Using dynamic programming to optimize the construction sequence: ;

[0049] in is the construction cost in each time period t, is the total construction time.

[0050] Furthermore, the road engineering design modeling method based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology includes in step S5 real-time monitoring of the road construction status during the construction process, collecting actual data through sensors, and comparing it with the design model. When the real-time data deviates from the design plan, the BIM model is automatically updated, and the construction plan is adjusted based on linear programming:

[0051] ;

[0052] in, is to minimize the difference between reality and design, To monitor the actual data, For design data, is the total number of differences.

[0053] A road engineering design modeling system based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology is applied to any of the road engineering design modeling methods based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology, and the system includes:

[0054] Collection unit: obtains terrain elevation data, hydrological data and traffic flow data in the road planning area, and processes the terrain elevation data to obtain DEM data;

[0055] Construction unit: input DEM data into the BIM platform to generate a three-dimensional terrain model, use the grid to generate the terrain surface, and perform the plan and longitudinal section design of the road in the three-dimensional terrain model;

[0056] Road Optimization Unit: Optimize road design in multiple dimensions, comprehensively consider hydrological data and traffic flow, and select the optimal solution for road planning routes;

[0057] Road construction simulation unit: simulate the road construction process, optimize the construction sequence and resource allocation, minimize the construction time and cost, and come up with a road construction planning plan;

[0058] Monitoring and updating unit: monitors changes in road construction during the construction process. If the monitoring data does not match the design, dynamically adjusts the road construction planning plan.

[0059] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0060] By integrating multi-dimensional information such as terrain elevation data, hydrological data, and traffic flow data, the BIM-based road planning method can optimize the route and slope of the road in multiple dimensions and select the best planning scheme; comprehensively consider various factors such as hydrological risks, traffic flow, construction difficulty, etc., thereby reducing unnecessary repeated design and construction adjustments, saving time and resource costs of the project;

[0061] BIM technology can visualize surface and underground information, and through grid division and other technologies, conduct in-depth analysis of potential geological problems such as groundwater levels and cave distribution. Combined with hydrological data analysis such as water flow direction and flow accumulation, it can identify in advance the risks of flooding, waterlogging and collapse in road planning areas, helping designers to make optimization adjustments in the design stage, thereby greatly improving road safety and avoiding adverse effects during later construction and use.

[0062] The three-dimensional model based on BIM technology plays a role not only in the design and construction stage, but also in the operation and maintenance stage of the road. The terrain, groundwater, traffic flow and other information recorded in the BIM model can be used for subsequent road maintenance and management decisions. By regularly updating the BIM model, the service life and maintenance needs of the road can be better predicted, and long-term management plans can be formulated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0063] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a road engineering design modeling method based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a road engineering design modeling system based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0066] In the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0067] In the description of the present application, the term "for example" is used to mean "used as an example, illustration or description". Any embodiment described as "for example" in the present application is not necessarily to be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments. The following description is given to enable any technician in the field to implement and use the present invention. In the following description, details are listed for the purpose of explanation. It should be understood that a person of ordinary skill in the art can recognize that the present invention can be implemented without using these specific details. In other examples, well-known structures and processes will not be elaborated in detail to avoid unnecessary details to obscure the description of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is consistent with the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed in the present application.

[0068] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure: In one embodiment, the road engineering design modeling method based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology includes the following steps:

[0069] S1: Data collection: Obtain terrain elevation data, hydrological data and traffic flow data in the road planning area, and process the terrain elevation data to obtain DEM data;

[0070] S2: Build a 3D terrain model: Input DEM data into the BIM platform to generate a 3D terrain model, use the grid to generate the terrain surface, and perform the plan and longitudinal section design of the road in the 3D terrain model;

[0071] S3: Road optimization: Optimize road design in multiple dimensions, comprehensively consider hydrological data and traffic flow, and select the optimal solution for road planning routes;

[0072] S4: Road construction simulation: simulate the road construction process, optimize the construction sequence and resource allocation, minimize construction time and cost, and derive a road construction planning solution;

[0073] S5: Real-time construction monitoring and updating: Monitor road construction changes during the construction process. If the monitoring data does not match the design, dynamically adjust the road construction plan.

[0074] In this embodiment, terrain elevation data: detailed elevation data of the road planning area can be obtained through drone aerial photography, LiDAR (laser radar) technology or terrain measurement equipment. The terrain elevation data reflects the undulations of the ground in the area, which is crucial for designing the slope and path of the road; processing steps: interpolate the terrain elevation data to generate a digital elevation model (DEM). DEM is a model in the form of a grid, containing the elevation value of each grid cell, which is used to represent the three-dimensional terrain of the area; hydrological data: obtain hydrological data of the planning area, including rainfall, river water level, water flow direction, groundwater, etc.; these data help analyze the drainage needs of the area, ensure that the road design avoids areas prone to waterlogging, and reasonably arrange drainage facilities; traffic flow data: through traffic flow monitoring, road network surveys, and historical data, analyze the travel patterns of road users and traffic flow during peak hours; combined with these data, future traffic demand can be predicted and the design requirements for road capacity and road width can be determined.

[0075] Import the DEM data generated in step S1 into a BIM platform (such as Autodesk Revit or Civil 3D), which can convert two-dimensional elevation data into a three-dimensional terrain model. The three-dimensional model can accurately display the terrain undulations of the area and provide a basis for road design; in the BIM platform, convert the DEM data into a rasterized terrain surface model, and the size of the grid unit is determined by the requirements of terrain details; use quadratic curve fitting technology to generate the plane route of the road to ensure the rationality and safety of the path; the curve ensures that the road avoids too many sharp turns and adapts to the road planning requirements of the city; optimize the longitudinal slope design through linear programming to ensure that the road slope is smooth, comfortable and meets traffic standards.

[0076] Based on the flow direction and flow accumulation analysis, areas prone to waterlogging are identified to ensure that road designs avoid these risk points. At the same time, the future traffic capacity of the road is evaluated, considering the relationship between average vehicle speed, road width and the number of vehicles on the road to ensure that the road design can meet the growing traffic demand. Genetic algorithms or multi-objective optimization algorithms are used to select the best route that takes into account hydrology, traffic and terrain. Optimization objectives include minimizing road length, slope changes, construction costs and traffic congestion risks.

[0077] In a practical example, if a road leading to the suburbs is planned in City A, and a scenic spot is planned in the suburbs, the terrain elevation data of the area is obtained by drones and lidar, and hydrological data is collected in combination with the common monsoon rainfall conditions in the area;

[0078] Interpolate terrain elevation data to generate a digital elevation model;

[0079] The interpolation formula is:

[0080] ;

[0081] in, is the elevation of the point to be interpolated, is the elevation of the known point, For distance, is the distance-weighted exponent, is the weight coefficient.

[0082] Engineers saw through the BIM model that there were several undulating hillsides and basins in the area. When designing the road, they used the plane fitting method to design a reasonable route that avoided steep slopes and was suitable for traffic flow.

[0083] The plane line design of the road generates the road route through quadratic curve fitting:

[0084] ;

[0085] in , and is the fitting parameter, is the height of the road, is the plane distance;

[0086] The longitudinal section design of the road optimizes the longitudinal slope design through linear programming:

[0087] ;

[0088] in, Indicates The optimization goal is to minimize the total change of road slope.

[0089] During the road optimization process, hydrological analysis shows that the low-lying areas where a certain section of road passes are prone to water accumulation; engineers use flow direction analysis to adjust the direction of the road to avoid the waterlogged areas; water flow direction analysis is used to determine where the water in each grid cell flows; generally, water always flows to areas with lower terrain. In road planning, understanding the direction of water flow can help engineers avoid designing roads in places where water may accumulate, especially in low-lying areas;

[0090] Analysis of the impact of hydrological data on road planning includes: Water flow direction analysis: The three-dimensional road model is rasterized, and each grid cell has an elevation value, which reflects the altitude of the point; for each grid cell, the elevation difference between it and the surrounding eight adjacent cells (east, northeast, north, northwest, west, southwest, south, southeast) is calculated. Water always flows in the direction with the smallest elevation difference. , calculate the elevation difference between it and the surrounding 8 adjacent cells , water always flows in the direction with the smallest elevation difference:

[0091] ;

[0092] Represents a grid cell The direction of water flow, Represents a grid cell The elevation difference between it and its adjacent cells;

[0093] Water flow accumulation analysis: Based on the results of flow direction analysis, the catchment area of ​​each grid cell is calculated to identify the area where water flows converge:

[0094] ;

[0095] Represents a grid cell The traffic aggregation value of Represents all inflows into the grid cell, and the sum of the upstream cells of the cell according to the flow direction analysis results.

[0096] At the same time, in another embodiment, the division of the grid is not limited to the surface, but can also extend to the underground to help identify potential geological risks such as groundwater and underground caves, and avoid problems such as road collapse during road construction; through geological exploration technology (such as drilling, seismic wave reflection, radar scanning, etc.), the groundwater level, underground cave distribution, rock stability and other data are obtained. In the BIM platform, the underground part is divided into three-dimensional grids, and each grid records the groundwater level, rock stability and cave distribution; engineers can intuitively see the size and location of underground caves and the changes in groundwater levels through the three-dimensional model. The analysis of groundwater flow direction shows that the groundwater level will rise during the rainy season, and the roadbed of some road sections will be eroded by water, which may cause the roadbed to be unstable. If there are caves on the planned route of the road, the geological structure of the area where the caves are located is relatively loose, and there is a potential risk of collapse; if the planned route cannot avoid groundwater and cave problems, additional reinforcement measures must be taken. Through this optimization method, the safety of road planning and design can be enhanced and the occurrence of subsequent road problems can be reduced.

[0097] Taking the above example, we analyze the impact of traffic flow on road planning:

[0098] Traffic flow Average speed according to road planning and the number of vehicles on the road Decide:

[0099] ;

[0100] The average speed has a linear relationship with the number of vehicles on the road:

[0101] ;

[0102] is the free flow velocity, is the maximum number of vehicles that the road can carry;

[0103] get: ;

[0104] when When the traffic volume reaches a maximum value; assuming free flow velocity The speed is 80 km / h, and the maximum number of vehicles on the road between the urban area and the scenic spot is 100 vehicles / km. According to the traffic flow formula, When , the traffic flow reaches the maximum value;

[0105]

[0106] Predicting traffic volume in a road planning area :

[0107] ;

[0108] It is a factor that affects the traffic volume. It is an empirical model of influencing factors;

[0109] In this embodiment, since the number of vehicles on the planned road is only related to the scenic spot, assuming that the number of tourists received by the scenic spot is 5,000 people per day, and each car carries an average of two people, it is obtained that there are about 2,500 vehicles per day. Based on the total length of the road of 10 km and the travel time of 6 hours, the number of vehicles on the road is obtained:

[0110] .

[0111] If this density range is within the traffic flow range, there is no need to add lanes.

[0112] In another embodiment, assuming that the planned road also connects City A and City B, the interactive travel volume between the two cities needs to be increased:

[0113] Predict road planning connected areas and Region The number of trips on the planned roads :

[0114] ;

[0115] and The regions are For Region Travel volume and area For Region Estimated travel volume, is the distance between the two regions, is the distance index;

[0116] Number of vehicles traveling: .

[0117] Assuming that the population of City A is 5,000,000, the population of City B is 300,000, and the distance between City A and City B is 50 km, the interactive travel volume between City A and City B is:

[0118] Vehicle

[0119] Assume that the total number of trips to tourist attractions from City A and City B is 3,000;

[0120] but ;

[0121] The number of vehicles on the road takes into account travel time and travel distance:

[0122] ;

[0123] The number of vehicles passing through the planned road is approximately 425 vehicles per hour. , indicating that the traffic demand of the road is very large, far exceeding the carrying capacity of a one-way single lane, so it is necessary to consider the design of a one-way double lane or three lanes; at the same time, in a specific embodiment, there is definitely more than one road planned for City A and City B, and it is also necessary to consider the problem of travel diversion, combine the historical traffic data of other routes, and analyze the expected traffic flow of the planned road to realize the design of the lanes of the planned road.

[0124] Taking the above-mentioned planned road as an example, we can use genetic algorithms to find the optimal solution for road planning based on hydrological data, traffic flow data, and construction costs:

[0125] ;

[0126] is the fitness value of the planned road, Hydrological data risk cost, is the traffic flow cost, is the construction cost, , and They are the weights of hydrological data risk cost, traffic flow cost and construction cost respectively.

[0127] The application of genetic algorithms in road planning problems can be expressed as a multi-objective optimization problem. The core of the problem is to generate a set of candidate solutions (called "population") through iteration, each of which represents a candidate road path. Then, the "fitness" of each solution is evaluated according to the objective function, and the next generation of path solutions is generated through genetic operations (such as crossover, mutation, etc.), and the optimization result is gradually found. In genetic algorithms, the core of optimization is the fitness function, that is, the objective function , which assigns a fitness value to each candidate road path according to different influencing factors ; The higher the fitness value, the closer the solution is to the optimal solution:

[0128] ;

[0129] Hydrological data risk cost It is used to quantify the hydrological risks involved in the road planning process, such as the potential impact of flooding, waterlogging or softening of the foundation; based on the analysis of hydrological flow direction and flow, it is calculated whether the area through which the road passes is prone to waterlogging. The greater the impact of the waterlogging area on road safety and maintenance, the higher the hydrological cost. For example, building roads in low-lying areas or near rivers will increase the hydrological risk cost; traffic flow cost Reflects the traffic burden of the road during peak hours or daily use. By predicting traffic flow, the number of vehicles on the road, vehicle speed, etc., the road capacity and traffic congestion are calculated; if the road design is unreasonable, resulting in excessive traffic flow, it may increase congestion, reduce driving speed, and thus increase traffic flow costs; construction costs Includes all costs associated with road construction, such as materials, labor, equipment rental, land leveling, etc.; areas with complex terrain and unstable underground conditions have higher construction costs, so the cost will increase significantly when the route passes through these areas. The goal is to find the best route that can meet traffic needs while achieving lower construction costs.

[0130] In this example, the engineer defines the function:

[0131] ;

[0132] The genetic algorithm first randomly generates several initial road paths, each of which represents a road planning scheme; each path has different hydrological risks, traffic flows and construction costs; the different weights reflect the different levels of attention that engineers pay to hydrological risks, traffic flows and construction costs. In order to ensure the safety and subsequent stability of the road, hydrological data risks are given higher weights, which means that in the road planning process, routes with fewer low-lying areas and less groundwater accumulation are preferred; through the genetic algorithm, the hydrological risk, traffic flow and construction cost are comprehensively considered, and the optimal solution for road planning can be found under multi-dimensional factors.

[0133] In one embodiment, the construction process is simulated to optimize the construction sequence and resource allocation, minimize construction time and cost, and take into account terrain changes, the construction sequence of drainage facilities, and the use of construction equipment. Dynamic programming is used to optimize the construction sequence: ;

[0134] in is the construction cost in each time period t, is the total construction time.

[0135] In one embodiment, the road construction status is monitored in real time during the construction process, actual data is collected through sensors, and compared with the design model. When the real-time data deviates from the design plan, the BIM model is automatically updated, and the construction plan is adjusted based on linear programming or constraint optimization methods:

[0136] ;

[0137] in, is to minimize the difference between reality and design, To monitor the actual data, For design data, is the total number of differences.

[0138] like Figure 2 As shown: A road engineering design modeling system based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology is applied to any of the road engineering design modeling methods based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology, and the system includes:

[0139] Collection unit: obtains terrain elevation data, hydrological data and traffic flow data in the road planning area, and processes the terrain elevation data to obtain DEM data;

[0140] Construction unit: input DEM data into the BIM platform to generate a three-dimensional terrain model, use the grid to generate the terrain surface, and perform the plan and longitudinal section design of the road in the three-dimensional terrain model;

[0141] Road Optimization Unit: Optimize road design in multiple dimensions, comprehensively consider hydrological data and traffic flow, and select the optimal solution for road planning routes;

[0142] Road construction simulation unit: simulate the road construction process, optimize the construction sequence and resource allocation, minimize the construction time and cost, and come up with a road construction planning plan;

[0143] Monitoring and updating unit: monitors changes in road construction during the construction process. If the monitoring data does not match the design, dynamically adjusts the road construction planning plan.

[0144] Composition and functions of road engineering design modeling system:

[0145] 1. Collection unit

[0146] Function: Collect and process various basic data of road planning areas.

[0147] Terrain elevation data: Obtain terrain information of the planning area through remote sensing, drones, satellites or other surveying technologies.

[0148] Hydrological data: Collect hydrological conditions of the planning area, such as precipitation, river distribution, groundwater level, etc.

[0149] Traffic flow data: Get traffic flow information in the current area, such as vehicle volume, vehicle speed, road carrying capacity, etc.

[0150] Processing method: The collected terrain elevation data is processed into a digital elevation model (DEM) to generate a three-dimensional terrain model in the BIM platform. Hydrological data and traffic flow data will also provide basic support for subsequent optimization and construction simulation.

[0151] 2. Building Blocks

[0152] Function: Generate a 3D terrain model for road planning on the BIM platform and perform road design in the 3D model.

[0153] Main steps:

[0154] Generate a three-dimensional terrain model: Import the processed DEM data into the BIM platform and use raster technology to generate a three-dimensional terrain model with real terrain features.

[0155] Plane design: Carry out the plan design of roads on the three-dimensional terrain model, taking into account the curve radius, width, intersection layout, etc. of the road.

[0156] Longitudinal section design: Based on the terrain elevation and hydrological conditions, the longitudinal slope and undulation of the road are reasonably designed to ensure the slope, drainage and traffic smoothness of the road.

[0157] 3. Road Optimization Unit

[0158] Function: Optimize the road design plan through multi-dimensional optimization algorithms to ensure the scientific and economical design.

[0159] Optimization considerations:

[0160] Hydrological data: Analyze the hydrological conditions along the road, such as waterlogging risk, flood impact, etc., to optimize the road’s drainage system and route selection.

[0161] Traffic flow: Based on the traffic flow prediction model, the traffic density and traffic capacity of the road are evaluated, and the design parameters such as road width and number of lanes are adjusted to ensure smooth traffic.

[0162] Optimal route selection: Use optimization algorithms (such as genetic algorithms) to automatically find the optimal road path while taking into account terrain, hydrology, traffic flow and construction costs.

[0163] 4. Road construction simulation unit

[0164] Function: Simulate the road construction process in a 3D visualization environment and optimize the construction plan.

[0165] Simulation steps:

[0166] Construction process simulation: Use 3D models to simulate each step in road construction, such as roadbed preparation, material transportation, paving, etc., to help formulate a reasonable construction sequence.

[0167] Resource allocation optimization: Based on the construction simulation results, optimize the allocation and scheduling of resources, such as equipment, materials and manpower, to ensure the minimization of construction time and cost.

[0168] Construction plan output: obtain the optimal construction planning plan, including construction schedule, required resources, estimated cost and time.

[0169] 5. Monitoring and updating unit

[0170] Function: Monitor construction progress in real time during the actual construction process and dynamically adjust the construction plan based on on-site data.

[0171] Monitoring steps:

[0172] Real-time data collection: Through sensors, drones or construction monitoring systems, key data during the construction process, such as roadbed stability, material progress, environmental changes, etc., can be obtained in real time.

[0173] Compare with design plan: Compare the monitoring data with the original design plan to check whether the construction is carried out according to the design.

[0174] Dynamically adjust the construction plan: If the monitoring data does not match the original design, the system will automatically or semi-automatically adjust the construction plan according to the actual situation to ensure that the project is completed on time and with high quality.

[0175] For example, suppose City A is planning a road leading to a suburban tourist attraction. The project applies a road engineering design modeling system based on BIM 3D visualization technology. The specific steps are as follows:

[0176] Application of collection unit:

[0177] We collected terrain elevation data for the route from City A to the suburban attractions and found that some roads would pass through mountainous areas and low-lying areas. In addition, we collected hydrological data for the area to understand that the rainfall there was high and that low-lying areas were at risk of waterlogging. We also obtained traffic flow data for existing roads to predict the traffic pressure that the new road would bear after it was built.

[0178] Application of building blocks:

[0179] The collected DEM data is imported into the BIM platform to generate a three-dimensional terrain model from City A to the scenic spot. The plane design of the road is carried out in a three-dimensional environment to ensure that the road can smoothly pass through the complex terrain, and the slope is optimized in the longitudinal section design to ensure a good driving experience and drainage performance.

[0180] Application of road optimization unit:

[0181] Based on the collected hydrological data, the system identified the low-lying areas that may be at risk of flooding, so the drainage system of the road section was optimized. At the same time, combined with traffic flow prediction, a two-way multi-lane design was added to cope with future traffic growth needs. The road route was optimized through a genetic algorithm, and an optimal route was selected that could reduce construction costs and avoid high-risk hydrological areas.

[0182] Applications of road construction simulation unit:

[0183] The road construction process was simulated on the BIM platform. It was found that a certain section of construction might be delayed due to poor geological conditions. The system automatically suggested adjusting the construction sequence and strengthening the roadbed in this area first. The construction simulation also optimized the transportation route of materials and reduced the transportation time during the construction process.

[0184] Applications for monitoring and updating units:

[0185] During the construction phase, the system monitored the actual progress of the road construction through sensors and found that part of the roadbed was not stable enough due to the arrival of the rainy season. After the monitoring and updating unit detected the problem, it automatically adjusted the construction plan, recommended more effective drainage measures, and optimized the construction process to ensure that the project was completed on time.

[0186] The road engineering design modeling system based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology realizes the optimization management of the whole process from design to construction by integrating functions such as data collection, three-dimensional model construction, optimization design, construction simulation and construction monitoring; the system can improve the accuracy of road planning, optimize the construction process, reduce costs, and make dynamic adjustments according to actual conditions during the construction process to ensure the smooth implementation of the project.

[0187] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make other changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0188] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A road engineering design modeling method based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology is characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1: Data collection: Obtain terrain elevation data, hydrological data and traffic flow data in the road planning area, and process the terrain elevation data to obtain DEM data; S2: Build a 3D terrain model: Input DEM data into the BIM platform to generate a 3D terrain model, use the grid to generate the terrain surface, and perform the plan and longitudinal section design of the road in the 3D terrain model; S3: Road optimization: Optimize road design in multiple dimensions, comprehensively consider hydrological data and traffic flow, and select the optimal solution for road planning routes; S4: Road construction simulation: simulate the road construction process, optimize the construction sequence and resource allocation, minimize construction time and cost, and derive a road construction planning solution; S5: Real-time construction monitoring and updating: Monitor road construction changes during the construction process. If the monitoring data does not match the design, dynamically adjust the road construction plan; In S3, the impact of hydrological data on road planning includes: Water flow direction analysis: After the three-dimensional road model is rasterized, the grid cells , calculate the elevation difference between it and the surrounding 8 adjacent cells , water always flows in the direction with the smallest elevation difference: ; Represents a grid cell The direction of water flow, Represents a grid cell The elevation difference between it and its adjacent cells; Water flow accumulation analysis: Based on the results of flow direction analysis, the catchment area of ​​each grid cell is calculated to identify the area where water flows converge: ; Represents a grid cell The traffic aggregation value of It represents the sum of all upstream cells flowing into the grid cell according to the flow direction analysis results; S3 also includes analysis of the impact of traffic flow on road planning: Traffic flow Average speed according to road planning and the number of vehicles on the road Decide: ; The average speed has a linear relationship with the number of vehicles on the road: ; is the free flow velocity, is the maximum number of vehicles that the road can carry; get: ; when When the traffic volume Reaching the maximum value; calculating the number of vehicles on the road include: Predicting traffic volume in a road planning area ; ; It is a factor that affects the traffic volume. It is an empirical model of influencing factors; Predict road planning connected areas and Region The number of trips on the planned roads ; ； and The regions are For Region Travel volume and area For Region Estimated travel volume, is the distance between the two regions, is the distance index; Number of vehicles on the road: .

2. The road engineering design modeling method based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S1, the terrain elevation data is interpolated to generate a digital elevation model; The interpolation formula is: ;in, is the elevation of the point to be interpolated, is the elevation of the known point, For distance, is the distance-weighted exponent, is the weight coefficient.

3. The road engineering design modeling method based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Included in S2: The plane line design of the road generates the road route through quadratic curve fitting: ;in , and is the fitting parameter, is the height of the road, is the plane distance; The longitudinal section design of the road optimizes the longitudinal slope design through linear programming: ;in, Indicates The optimization goal is to minimize the total change of road slope.

4. The road engineering design modeling method based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Through genetic algorithms, we can find the optimal solution for road planning based on hydrological data, traffic flow data, and construction costs: ; is the fitness value of the planned road, Hydrological data risk cost, is the traffic flow cost, It is the construction cost.

5. The road engineering design modeling method based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The S4 step includes: Using dynamic programming to optimize the construction sequence: ;in is the construction cost in each time period t, is the total construction time.

6. The road engineering design modeling method based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S5 includes real-time monitoring of the road construction status during the construction process, collecting actual data through sensors, and comparing it with the design model. When the real-time data deviates from the design plan, the BIM model is automatically updated, and the construction plan is adjusted based on linear programming: ; middle, is to minimize the difference between reality and design, To monitor the actual data, For design data, is the total number of differences.

7. The road engineering design modeling system based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology is characterized by: The road engineering design modeling method based on BIM three-dimensional visualization technology applied to any one of claims 1 to 6, the system comprising: Collection unit: obtains terrain elevation data, hydrological data and traffic flow data in the road planning area, and processes the terrain elevation data to obtain DEM data; Construction unit: input DEM data into the BIM platform to generate a three-dimensional terrain model, use the grid to generate the terrain surface, and perform the plan and longitudinal section design of the road in the three-dimensional terrain model; Road Optimization Unit: Optimize road design in multiple dimensions, comprehensively consider hydrological data and traffic flow, and select the optimal solution for road planning routes; Road construction simulation unit: simulate the road construction process, optimize the construction sequence and resource allocation, minimize the construction time and cost, and come up with a road construction planning plan; Monitoring and updating unit: monitors changes in road construction during the construction process. If the monitoring data does not match the design, dynamically adjusts the road construction planning plan.

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