A highway slope protection structure and application method thereof that is beneficial for nesting of chestnut-throated bee-eaters

Abstract

The present application relates to a highway slope protection structure and an application method thereof that is conducive to nesting of the protected animal chestnut-throated bee-eater (Merops philippinus), and relates to the technical field of wildlife protection and environmental protection. The present application can fix the rain shield to the top of the slope by fixing the anchor rod, so that the threaded support rod is threadedly connected with the threaded collar and supported by the gentle slope at the top of the slope, fix the fixed angle steel to the top of the gravel eco-bag by fixing the anchor rod, and then fix the fixed plate to the surface of the slope by fixing the anchor rod, so that the three-dimensional vegetation net is used to enclose the gentle slope at the bottom of the slope, so as to prevent rainwater from scouring the gentle slope at the top of the slope, and prevent the gully from washing away the nest of the chestnut-throated bee-eater, thereby reducing the loss of water and soil. In addition, the present application also provides a method for protecting the breeding habitat of the chestnut-throated bee-eater, and specifically how to protect the breeding habitat of the chestnut-throated bee-eater, how to protect the breeding habitat of the chestnut-throated bee-eater during the highway operation period, and how to update and maintain the nest of the slope after the chestnut-throated bee-eater flies away from the nest, so that the chestnut-throated bee-eater can continue to use the slope for breeding next year or in the next few years.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of wildlife protection and environmental protection technology, and in particular to a highway slope protection structure and an application method thereof that are beneficial for protecting chestnut-throated bee-eaters (Merops philippinus) from nesting. Background Art

[0002] Highway construction and operation may have an impact on bird activities. Due to the different living habits of different birds, the protection methods are also different. The Chestnut-throated Bee-eater (Merops philippinus) is a national second-level key protected wild animal. Its main food is dragonflies, butterflies, bees, beetles, flies, etc. It often digs holes in the earth cliffs in large groups to build nests. At present, chestnut-throated bee-eaters have been found digging holes for nesting on some highway slopes. Highway slopes have become breeding habitats for chestnut-throated bee-eaters.

[0003] At present, most highway slopes are made into vertical steep slopes, which are conducive to the use of slope cutting when expanding land in the later stage of highway construction. Since the slopes are vertical and there is no vegetation, the highway slopes are easily eroded by rainwater, and soil and water flow are more serious. In some cases, the nests of chestnut-throated bee-eaters may even be washed away. Therefore, a highway slope protection structure and protection method that is conducive to protecting the nests of chestnut-throated bee-eaters are needed. The slopes can be protected to prevent rainwater from eroding the slopes and forming gullies, and prevent the gullies from destroying the nests of chestnut-throated bee-eaters, while also reducing soil and water loss on the slopes. Previous studies have not involved the protection methods of the breeding habitats of chestnut-throated bee-eaters on highway slopes. Therefore, the following technical problems need to be solved urgently: what kind of highway slope environment is suitable for the breeding habitat of chestnut-throated bee-eaters, how to protect the breeding habitat of chestnut-throated bee-eaters during the highway construction period, how to protect the breeding habitat of chestnut-throated bee-eaters during the operation period, and how to update and maintain the nests of the slopes after the chestnut-throated bee-eaters leave the nests and fly away, so that the chestnut-throated bee-eaters can continue to use the slopes for breeding next year or in the next few years. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the existing technical problems, the present application provides a highway slope protection structure and its application method that are conducive to protecting the nesting of chestnut-throated bee-eaters (Merops philippinus). The highway slope protection structure and protection method are used to alleviate the negative impact of the entire highway construction process on the chestnut-throated bee-eater population, and at the same time, a suitable habitat is created within the road area to achieve harmonious coexistence between humans and animals, which is a new exploration of ecological protection in highway construction.

[0005] The present application relates to a highway slope protection structure that is conducive to protecting the nesting of chestnut-throated bee-eaters. The slope protection structure includes an upper gentle slope, a vertical slope, a lower gentle slope, and a rectangular excavation area from top to bottom. A rain shield 1 is arranged on the top of the upper gentle slope, a panel 2 is welded on the top of the rain shield 1, a guide pipe 3 is penetrated on the left side of the panel 2, a plurality of symmetrical threaded collars 4 are welded on the bottom of the rain shield 1, a threaded support rod 5 is threadedly connected to the inner cavity of the threaded collar 4, and the noise reduction cushion layer 6 is glued to the top of the rain shield 1; a fixing plate 8 and a fixing angle steel 7 are respectively arranged on the top and bottom of the lower gentle slope, and a fixing plate 8 and a fixing angle steel 7 are arranged between the fixing plate 8 and the fixing angle steel 7. A three-dimensional vegetation net 11; a guide groove 16 parallel to the rain shield 1 is arranged on the outside of the rain shield 1 at the top of the slope, and a plurality of guide grooves 15 cross-intersecting with the guide groove 16 are arranged on the outside of the guide groove 16; the rectangular excavation area is located in the area extending outward from the bottom of the lower gentle slope, and a pebble layer 17 is provided at the bottom of the area, a crushed stone layer 18 is laid on the top of the pebble layer 17, a plant fiber blanket is laid on the top of the crushed stone layer 18, a crushed stone eco-bag 19 is laid on the top of the plant fiber blanket near the inner side of the slope, and the outside of the crushed stone eco-bag 19 is entirely covered with a plant fiber dense mesh bag 20, and the plant fiber blanket wraps the rectangular excavation area.

[0006] Furthermore, a fixing anchor rod 9 is provided through the top of the rain shield 1 and the fixed angle steel 7 and the left side of the fixing plate 8. The fixed angle steel 7 is located on the ground on the left side of the slope. The surface of the fixing anchor rod 9 is threadedly connected to a limit plate, and the limit plate is circular; the fixing anchor rod 9 is threadedly connected to the rain shield 1, the fixed angle steel 7 and the fixing plate 8. A fixing pipe 10 is provided on the top of the fixed angle steel 7 and the bottom of the fixing plate 8. A three-dimensional vegetation net 11 is provided between the two fixing pipes 10. The front and back of the fixed angle steel 7 and the fixing plate 8 are A threaded rod fixing rod 12 is provided through the surface, and the threaded rod fixing rod 12 passes through the fixed angle steel 7 and the fixed plate 8 and is rotatably connected to the fixed tube 10. The threaded rod fixing rod 12 is threadedly connected to the fixed angle steel 7 and the fixed plate 8; a limiting ring 13 is welded on the side of the threaded rod fixing rod 12 away from the fixed angle steel 7 or the fixed plate 8, and the limiting ring 13 is in contact with the fixed angle steel 7 or the fixed plate 8. A torsion bar 14 is welded on the surface of the threaded rod fixing rod 12, and the torsion bar 14 is located on the side of the limiting ring 13 away from the fixed angle steel 7 or the fixed plate 8.

[0007] Furthermore, the vertical slope has a slope of 80-90° and a sand content of about 80%; the color of the three-dimensional vegetation net 11 is a color imitating vegetation, and is a commercially available polyethylene net; the plant fiber blanket is a commercially available product, which is composed of a PP net and plant fibers, wherein the plant fibers are the waste of coconut shells, rice straws, and wheat straws; the gravel eco-bag is a commercially available eco-bag for slope protection, which is filled with gravel and is made of any flexible material. The plant fiber dense mesh bag is also a bag made of commercially available plant fibers, with fine mesh, and filled with sand.

[0008] Furthermore, the rain shield 1 is located at the top of the slope, the part of the rain shield 1 extending out of the top of the slope is in an inclined state, the threaded support rod 5 passes through the threaded collar 4 and supports the edge of the upper gentle slope, the surface of the noise reduction cushion layer 6 is sprayed with non-toxic camouflage paint, the fixed angle steel 7 is an L-shaped plate, the fixed pipe 10 is a hollow pipe, the fixed pipe 10 is compatible with the threaded rod fixing rod 12, and one side of the fixed anchor rod 9 is pointed.

[0009] The present application also relates to a method for constructing the above-mentioned highway slope protection structure that is conducive to nesting of the protected animal chestnut-throated bee-eater, comprising the following steps:

[0010] (1) Slope bottom reconstruction: a rectangular excavation area is built near the bottom of the slope. The slope protection structure includes an upper gentle slope, a vertical slope, a lower gentle slope, and a rectangular excavation area from top to bottom. A pebble layer 17, a crushed stone layer 18, and a plant fiber blanket are sequentially laid at the bottom of the area. A crushed stone eco-bag 19 is laid on the top of the plant fiber blanket near the inner side of the slope. The outside of the crushed stone eco-bag 19 is completely covered with a plant fiber dense mesh bag 20. The plant fiber blanket wraps the rectangular excavation area from the bottom.

[0011] (2) constructing a lower gentle slope, constructing a lower gentle slope in a broken line shape on the upper part of the rectangular excavation area, with an angle of 120-160°, and providing a three-dimensional vegetation net 11 between the top and the bottom of the lower gentle slope;

[0012] (3) Repairing a vertical slope, wherein the vertical slope has a slope of 80-90° and a sand content of about 80%;

[0013] (4) Construct an upper gentle slope, with a rain shield 1 disposed on the top of the upper gentle slope. A guide groove 16 parallel to the rain shield 1 is disposed on the outside of the rain shield 1 at the top of the slope. A plurality of guide grooves 15 cross-intersecting with the guide groove 16 are disposed on the outside of the guide groove 16. The guide groove 16 is 20-30 cm deep and 50 cm wide. After compacting the area, a 5 cm thick gravel layer is laid on it, and then a 2-3 cm thick cement hardening layer is laid on it, finally forming a hardened transverse guide groove 1 on the top of the slope. A plurality of guide grooves 15 are perpendicularly crossed with the guide groove 16, and the intervals are 30-50 cm. A rain shield 1 made of corrosion-resistant hard plastic is fixedly provided along the cement hardening layer extending to the outside of the top of the slope, and a noise reduction cushion layer 6 is laid on the top of the rain shield 1.

[0014] Furthermore, in step 1, a 5 cm thick pebble layer is laid on the bottom surface of the excavated rectangular area, the pebbles are embedded in the soil layer, and a 5 cm thick gravel layer is laid on the pebbles; the gravel eco-bag is filled with gravel, the gravel eco-bag is 60 cm long, 30 cm wide and 20 cm high; it is stacked from bottom to top against the innermost side of the slope as the innermost filter layer of the excavated area, and 1-2 rows are stacked outward; the plant fiber dense mesh bag is 40 cm long, 30 cm wide and 20 cm high, and is filled with sand with a sand content of about 80%, and is stacked outward in more than 2 rows; until the entire rectangular area is covered, the plant fiber blanket is finally pulled back to tightly wrap the covered gravel eco-bag and the plant fiber dense mesh bag, and tightened and fixed, and a layer of sand camouflage is laid on the top.

[0015] The present application also relates to an application method of the above-mentioned highway slope protection structure that is beneficial to the nesting of the protected animal chestnut-throated bee-eater, comprising the following steps:

[0016] (1) Highway planning route optimization

[0017] To investigate the distance to which human activities startle chestnut-throated bee-eaters and the distance to which mechanical vehicles startle chestnut-throated bee-eaters;

[0018] Based on the previous investigation, the location information of the chestnut-throated bee-eater habitat was superimposed on the planned highway route, and the relationship between the habitat location and the highway route was analyzed. According to the relationship between the habitat location and the route, the habitat was divided into three categories, and corresponding protection measures were taken for each category.

[0019] (2) Classification protection measures during highway planning and construction period

[0020] Category 1: The highway directly crosses the habitat of the chestnut-throated bee-eater. The route should be optimized and adjusted, and avoidance measures should be taken to adjust the route direction so that the route is at a safe distance of more than 200m from the habitat.

[0021] Category II: The highway area is adjacent to the habitat of the chestnut-throated bee-eater within 100m of the adjacent area. Measures such as posting warning signs at the habitat boundary, fencing to prevent human entry, and using retaining walls to block sight and noise are adopted to reduce the impact on the habitat. Mechanical vehicles try to avoid the habitat with signs, and personnel are not allowed to approach the habitat. No new temporary construction sites will be built within 200m of the habitat. Simple retaining walls will be set up in the direction of high construction frequency and close to the habitat to temporarily block the construction site, reduce construction noise and human impact, and reduce the vigilance of the chestnut-throated bee-eater. If there is a highway river diversion project near the habitat, the construction of the temporary river channel should be completed first to ensure the integrity and flow of the water area, and grass and shrubs should be planted on both sides of the temporary river channel in time to provide a living environment for insects.

[0022] Category III: The highway covers an area adjacent to the habitat of the chestnut-throated bee-eater and is more than 100m away from the habitat. Warning signs are put up to remind mechanical vehicles and personnel to stay away from the habitat. No new temporary construction sites will be built within 100m of the habitat. Retaining walls should be set up near the habitat during the construction and use of fill roadbeds, abandoned soil and slag sites to prevent the abandoned soil and slag from falling into the habitat and having a negative impact on the habitat of the chestnut-throated bee-eater.

[0023] (3) Measures for artificially modifying nesting sites

[0024] Requirements for artificially transforming slopes suitable for chestnut-throated bee-eaters to build nests and survive: the slope height is greater than 0.5m and the thickness cannot be less than 3m; there is an open water surface within a 1km diameter of the slope to provide a stable source of food and water for the chestnut-throated bee-eaters; the newly built area includes the circular sinking area of ​​the highway ramp and the area where temporary land occupation needs to be greened and restored, and the new nesting site is built in combination with wetland construction and landscape greening design. For the specific construction method, refer to claim 5;

[0025] (4) Protection measures for the nesting sites of chestnut-throated bee-eaters during highway construction and operation

[0026] a. Highway construction should protect the land resources along the route as much as possible. If it is necessary to clean and renew the slope used by bee-eaters for breeding in the previous year to form a new sandy slope, so as to provide space for bee-eaters to dig holes and build nests for breeding and maintain the nesting and breeding function for several years, land acquisition should be carried out in advance. The specific scope of land acquisition is calculated according to the following formula: R = D * a, where R is the expansion scope of land acquisition on one side of the slope, meters; D is the annual slope cutting depth, meters; a is the number of years to maintain the nesting and breeding function, years;

[0027] b. Artificial slope cutting: for low sand slopes, i.e. sand slopes with a height of less than 2 meters, direct slope cutting is adopted, and the slope cutting angle is 90°; for high sand slopes, i.e. sand slopes with a height of more than 2 meters, the middle part is excavated, and the slope cutting angle is 90°, forming the slope type of artificially transformed nesting sites in claim 5, i.e. the structure of upper gentle slope - vertical slope - lower gentle slope;

[0028] c. After the slope is cut, the secretions and food residues of the chestnut-throated bee-eaters in the caves on the slope will attract ants, and the caves will not be easily used in the second year. The secretions and food residues in the caves need to be cleaned out. The chestnut-throated bee-eaters fly in March to start building nests. The young birds and parents fly away from the nests in July and August. The secretions and food residues in the caves are cleaned out from October of the current year to January of the following year until there are no secretions and food residues in the caves. At the same time, the scattered plants in the vertical area on the slope are removed to keep the vegetation coverage close to 0.

[0029] d. Clear the soil, debris and vegetation accumulated at the bottom of the slope and dig drainage ditches at the bottom of the slope;

[0030] e. If the bottom of the slope is connected to the water, add wooden piles between the slope and the water surface to reinforce the slope to prevent water from eroding the slope; the wooden piles should be vertically inserted 10-20cm into the ground, 20-30cm above the ground, and the wooden piles should be spaced 10-20cm apart;

[0031] f. Clean the top area of ​​the original slope, remove weeds, shrubs and invasive plants, with a cleaning width of no less than 5m, and then cover and level the cleaned area;

[0032] g. Compact the area within 1m of the top of the slope, and dig a diversion groove 1 (16) as claimed in claim 5 in the middle; then lay a layer of crushed stone on the compacted area; then lay a cement hardening layer, and finally form a hardened transverse diversion groove 1 on the top of the slope, and a plurality of diversion grooves 2 (15) are arranged to intersect with the diversion groove 1 (16); a rain shield (1) made of corrosion-resistant hard plastic is fixedly provided along the cement hardening layer to the outside of the top of the slope, and a noise reduction cushion layer (6) is laid on the top of the rain shield (1);

[0033] h. Native plants, such as Casuarina equisetifolia, are planted in the area 1m outside the top of the slope.

[0034] Furthermore, in step (4), the annual slope cutting depth is preferably 50 cm, and the years of maintaining the nesting and breeding function are determined according to the terrain, protection period and the growth rate of highway traffic volume; on this basis, a survey of the number of nests and the number of reproduction of chestnut-throated bee-eaters is conducted to monitor in real time the impact of highway construction and operation periods on the normal breeding behavior of chestnut-throated bee-eaters. The specific survey method is as follows:

[0035] (1) Cave depth measurement: Use a ruler to measure the depth of the caves, and exclude those with a depth of less than 50 cm. 55.32%-68.57% of the caves on the slope can be excluded.

[0036] (2) Determine whether there are ants crawling out of the cave. When measuring the depth of the cave with a ruler, due to the disturbance of the ruler to the cave, the secretions and food residues of the chestnut-throated bee-eater will cause a large number of ants to crawl out. The caves without ants crawling out are eliminated. Of the remaining 31.43%-44.68% of the nests, about 50% will be eliminated because no ants crawl out.

[0037] (3) Instrument detection: Micro cameras are used to conduct in-depth observations in the remaining 15.72%-22.34% of the caves to determine whether there are any eggshells left after the hatching of young birds and their number.

[0038] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0039] 1. The present application fixes the rain shield to the top of the slope by fixing anchor rods, so that the threaded support rod is threadedly connected with the threaded collar and supported by the gentle slope at the top of the slope, and the fixed angle steel is fixed to the top of the gravel eco-bag by fixing anchor rods, and then the fixed plate is fixed to the surface of the slope by fixing anchor rods, so that the three-dimensional vegetation net can enclose the gentle slope at the bottom of the slope, prevent rainwater from scouring the gentle slope at the top of the slope, prevent gullies from washing away the nests of chestnut-throated bee-eaters, and reduce water and soil loss.

[0040] 2. The present application provides a noise reduction cushion layer. When rain falls on the surface of the rain shield, the noise reduction cushion layer will weaken the impact of rain, avoid excessive impact of falling rain, and prevent the sound of rain falling on the top of the rain shield from being too loud, causing the chestnut-throated bee-eater to build a nest away from the slope.

[0041] 3. The present application sets a torsion rod and rotates the threaded rod fixing rod so that the threaded rod fixing rod is threadedly connected to the fixed angle steel through the fixing plate, so that the fixing pipe can be fixed to the fixed angle steel or the fixing plate, thereby avoiding the three-dimensional vegetation net being set up too long and facilitating the user to set up the three-dimensional vegetation net.

[0042] 4. Since the chestnut-throated bee-eater only builds nests on vertical slopes, and the slopes need to be steep slopes with extremely high sand content, such slopes are easily destroyed by rain, which is not conducive to the protection of the nesting slopes. The protection method of the present application, by laying a pebble layer + a gravel layer + a vegetation fiber net, arranging gravel ecological bags and plant fiber dense mesh bags on it, can improve the vertical slope protection function of the chestnut-throated bee-eater nest. After repeated studies, it was found that the structure constructed by the slope protection laying method of the combination of Example 2 of the present application improves the overall protection capability.

[0043] 5. From the natural slope nesting of the chestnut-throated bee-eater observed when the peeling depth of the present application was 50 cm and 100 cm, as well as the breeding number on the artificially modified vertical protective slope, it can be seen that the slope cutting depth and artificially modified vertical protective slope method of the present application can achieve normal breeding behavior of the chestnut-throated bee-eater, that is, the breeding number in each effective nest is maintained within the range of 2-3. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] The drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of this application, so that other features, purposes and advantages of this application become more obvious. The schematic embodiment drawings and their descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation on this application. In the drawings:

[0045] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the front view of the structure of this application.

[0046] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional disassembled schematic diagram of the rain shield structure of the present application.

[0047] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional split schematic diagram of the gentle slope retaining structure under this application.

[0048] Figure 4 This application Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0049] Figure 5 It is a top view schematic diagram of the structure of this application.

[0050] Figure 6 This application Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of the rectangular excavation area at point B.

[0051] Figure 7 This is a picture of the Chestnut-throated Bee-eater building a nest on a vertical slope.

[0052] Figure 8 This is a picture of the Chestnut-throated Bee-eater hunting after building a nest on a vertical slope.

[0053] Fig. 9 These are pictures of the investigation into the nesting of chestnut-throated bee-eaters on vertical slopes.

[0054] Fig.10 This is a picture showing the survey on the distance between the nest of the chestnut-throated bee-eater and the top of the slope.

[0055] Fig.11 This is an enlarged picture of the inside of a nest built by the Chestnut-throated Bee-eater on a vertical slope.

[0056] Description of reference numerals:

[0057] 1. Rain shield; 2. Enclosure; 3. Diversion pipe; 4. Threaded collar; 5. Threaded support rod; 6. Noise reduction cushion; 7. Fixed angle steel; 8. Fixed plate; 9. Fixed anchor rod; 10. Fixed pipe; 11. Three-dimensional vegetation net; 12. Threaded rod fixing rod; 13. Limiting ring; 14. Torsion rod; 15. Diversion trough 2; 16. Diversion trough 1; 17. Pebble layer; 18. Gravel layer; 19. Gravel eco-bag; 20. Plant fiber dense mesh bag. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0059] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequential order. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described here. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0060] In the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are mainly used to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to have a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0061] In addition, some of the above terms may be used to express other meanings in addition to indicating orientation or positional relationship. For example, the term "on" may also be used to express a certain dependency or connection relationship in some cases. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of these terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0062] In addition, the term "plurality" shall mean two or more.

[0063] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] Combination Figure 1-6A highway slope protection structure that is beneficial to protecting the nesting of chestnut-throated bee-eaters. The slope protection structure includes an upper gentle slope, a vertical slope, a lower gentle slope, and a rectangular excavation area from top to bottom. A rain shield 1 is arranged on the top of the upper gentle slope. A panel 2 is welded on the top of the rain shield 1. A guide pipe 3 is penetrated on the left side of the panel 2. A plurality of symmetrical threaded collars 4 are welded on the bottom of the rain shield 1. A threaded support rod 5 is threadedly connected to the inner cavity of the threaded collar 4. A noise reduction cushion layer 6 is arranged on the top of the threaded support rod 5. The noise reduction cushion layer 6 is glued to the top of the rain shield 1; a fixing plate 8 and a fixing angle steel 7 are respectively arranged on the top and bottom of the lower gentle slope. The fixing plate 8 and the fixing angle steel 7 are connected to the fixing plate 8 and the fixing angle steel 7. A three-dimensional vegetation net 11 is arranged between the fixed angle steels 7; a guide groove 16 parallel to the rain shield 1 is arranged on the outside of the rain shield 1 at the top of the slope, and a plurality of guide grooves 15 cross-intersecting with the guide groove 16 are arranged on the outside of the guide groove 16; the rectangular excavation area is located in the area extending outward from the bottom of the lower gentle slope, and a pebble layer 17 is padded at the bottom of the area, a crushed stone layer 18 is laid on the top of the pebble layer 17, a plant fiber blanket is laid on the top of the crushed stone layer 18, a crushed stone ecological bag 19 is laid on the top of the plant fiber blanket near the inner side of the slope, and the outside of the crushed stone ecological bag 19 is completely laid with a plant fiber dense mesh bag 20, and the plant fiber blanket wraps the rectangular excavation area. The top of the rain shield 1 and the fixed angle steel 7 and the left side of the fixed plate 8 are all penetrated by a fixed anchor rod 9, the fixed angle steel 7 is located on the ground on the left side of the slope, the surface of the fixed anchor rod 9 is threadedly connected to a limit plate, and the limit plate is circular; the fixed anchor rod 9 is threadedly connected to the rain shield 1, the fixed angle steel 7 and the fixed plate 8, and the top of the fixed angle steel 7 and the bottom of the fixed plate 8 are both provided with a fixed pipe 10, and a three-dimensional vegetation net 11 is provided between the two fixed pipes 10. The front and back sides of the fixed angle steel 7 and the fixed plate 8 are penetrated by a fixed anchor rod 9. A threaded rod fixing rod 12 is provided, the threaded rod fixing rod 12 passes through the fixed angle steel 7 and the fixed plate 8 and is rotatably connected to the fixed pipe 10, the threaded rod fixing rod 12 is threadedly connected to the fixed angle steel 7 and the fixed plate 8; a limiting ring 13 is welded on the side of the threaded rod fixing rod 12 away from the fixed angle steel 7 or the fixed plate 8, the limiting ring 13 is fitted with the fixed angle steel 7 or the fixed plate 8, and a torsion bar 14 is welded on the surface of the threaded rod fixing rod 12, the torsion bar 14 is located on the side of the limiting ring 13 away from the fixed angle steel 7 or the fixed plate 8. The vertical slope has a slope of 90° and a sand content of about 80%. The rain shield 1 is located at the top of the slope, and the part of the rain shield 1 extending out of the top of the slope is in an inclined state. The threaded support rod 5 passes through the threaded collar 4 and supports the edge of the upper gentle slope. The surface of the noise reduction cushion layer 6 is sprayed with non-toxic camouflage paint. The fixed angle steel 7 is an L-shaped plate, and the fixed pipe 10 is a hollow pipe. The fixed pipe 10 is compatible with the threaded rod fixing rod 12, and one side of the fixed anchor rod 9 is pointed.

[0066] Working principle: When the present application is used, the user fixes the rain shield 1 to the top of the slope by fixing the anchor rod 9, and makes the threaded support rod 5 pass through the threaded collar 4 and threadably move with the threaded collar 4, so that the other end of the threaded support rod 5 is against the gentle slope at the top of the slope, thereby making the threaded support rod 5 support the rain shield 1, and fix the fixed angle steel 7 to the left side of the gentle slope at the bottom of the slope by fixing the anchor rod 9, and then fix the fixing plate 8 to the left side of the slope by fixing the anchor rod 9, and place the fixing pipe 10 in the inner cavity of the fixing angle steel 7 and the fixing plate 8, so that the threaded rod fixing rod 12 and the fixing angle steel 7 and the fixing plate 8 are threadably moved, so that the threaded rod fixing rod 12 and the fixing pipe 10 are slidably connected, and the three-dimensional vegetation net 11 can be surrounded on the surface of the gentle slope at the bottom of the slope, so as to prevent rainwater from scouring the gentle slope at the top of the slope, prevent gullies from washing away the nests of chestnut-throated bee-eaters, and reduce water and soil loss.

[0067] To sum up: this is a highway slope protection structure that is beneficial for protecting the chestnut-throated bee-eater from building nests. The rain shield 1 is fixed to the top of the slope by fixing the anchor rod 9, so that the threaded support rod 5 is threadedly connected with the threaded collar 4 and supported by the gentle slope at the top of the slope, the fixed angle steel 7 is fixed to the top of the gravel eco-bag 19 by fixing the anchor rod 9, and the fixed plate 8 is fixed to the surface of the slope by fixing the anchor rod 9, so that the three-dimensional vegetation net 11 encloses the gentle slope at the bottom of the slope, prevents rainwater from scouring the gentle slope at the top of the slope, prevents gullies from washing away the nest of the chestnut-throated bee-eater, and reduces water and soil loss.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] The construction method of the slope protection structure of Example 1 comprises the following steps:

[0070] (1) Slope bottom reconstruction: a rectangular excavation area is built near the bottom of the slope. The slope protection structure includes an upper gentle slope, a vertical slope, a lower gentle slope, and a rectangular excavation area from top to bottom. A pebble layer 17, a crushed stone layer 18, and a plant fiber blanket are sequentially laid at the bottom of the area. A crushed stone eco-bag 19 is laid on the top of the plant fiber blanket near the inner side of the slope. The outside of the crushed stone eco-bag 19 is completely covered with a plant fiber dense mesh bag 20. The plant fiber blanket wraps the rectangular excavation area from the bottom.

[0071] (2) constructing a lower gentle slope, constructing a lower gentle slope in a broken line shape on the upper part of the rectangular excavation area, with an angle of 120°, and providing a three-dimensional vegetation net 11 between the top and the bottom of the lower gentle slope;

[0072] (3) Repairing a vertical slope, wherein the vertical slope has a slope of 90° and a sand content of 80%;

[0073] (4) Construct an upper gentle slope, with a rain shield 1 at the top of the upper gentle slope. A guide groove 16 parallel to the rain shield 1 is arranged on the outside of the rain shield 1 at the top of the slope. A plurality of guide grooves 15 cross-intersecting with the guide groove 16 are arranged on the outside of the guide groove 16. The guide groove 16 is 20 cm deep and 50 cm wide. After compacting the area, a 5 cm thick gravel layer is laid on it, and then a 3 cm thick cement hardening layer is laid on it, finally forming a hardened slope top transverse guide groove 1, and a plurality of guide grooves 15 are arranged perpendicularly to the guide groove 16, with an interval of 50 cm. A rain shield 1 made of corrosion-resistant hard plastic is fixedly provided along the cement hardening layer to the outside of the slope top, and a noise reduction cushion layer 6 is laid on the top of the rain shield 1.

[0074] Among them, in step 1, a 5 cm thick pebble layer is laid on the bottom surface of the excavated rectangular area, the pebbles are embedded in the soil layer, and a 5 cm thick gravel layer is laid on the pebbles; the gravel eco-bag is filled with gravel, the length of the gravel eco-bag is 60 cm, the width is 30 cm, and the height is 20 cm; it is stacked from bottom to top against the innermost side of the slope as the innermost filter layer of the excavated area, and 2 rows and 3 layers are stacked outward; the plant fiber dense mesh bag is 40 cm long, 30 cm wide, and 20 cm high, and is filled with sand with a sand content of 80%, and is stacked outward in 2 rows and 3 layers; until the entire rectangular area is covered, finally the plant fiber blanket is pulled back to tightly wrap the covered gravel eco-bag and the plant fiber dense mesh bag, and tightened and fixed, and a layer of sand camouflage is laid on the top.

[0075] Example 3

[0076] The application method of embodiment 1 or 2 comprises the following steps:

[0077] (1) Highway route planning

[0078] To investigate the distance to which human activities startle chestnut-throated bee-eaters and the distance to which mechanical vehicles startle chestnut-throated bee-eaters;

[0079] Based on the previous investigation, the location information of the chestnut-throated bee-eater habitat was superimposed on the planned highway route, and the relationship between the habitat location and the highway route was analyzed. According to the relationship between the habitat location and the route, the habitat was divided into three categories, and corresponding protection measures were taken for each category.

[0080] (2) Classification protection measures during highway planning and construction period

[0081] Category 1: The highway directly crosses the habitat of the chestnut-throated bee-eater. The route should be optimized and adjusted, and avoidance measures should be taken to adjust the route direction so that the route is at a safe distance of more than 200m from the habitat.

[0082] Category II: The highway area is adjacent to the habitat of the chestnut-throated bee-eater. Within a distance of 100m, warning signs, fences to prevent human entry, and retaining walls are used to reduce the impact on the habitat. Mechanical vehicles try to avoid the habitat with signs, and personnel are not allowed to approach the habitat. No new temporary construction sites will be built within 200m of the habitat. Simple retaining walls will be set up in the direction of high construction frequency and close to the habitat to temporarily block the construction site, reduce construction noise and human impact, and reduce the vigilance of the chestnut-throated bee-eater. If there is a highway river diversion project near the habitat, the construction of the temporary river channel should be completed first to ensure the integrity and flow of the water area, and grass and shrubs should be planted on both sides of the temporary river channel in time to provide a living environment for insects.

[0083] Category III: If the road is adjacent to the habitat of the chestnut-throated bee-eater and is more than 100m away from the habitat, warning signs should be posted to remind vehicles and personnel to stay away from the habitat. No new temporary construction sites should be built within 100m of the habitat. When constructing and using fill roadbeds, waste soil and waste slag sites, retaining walls should be set up near the habitat to prevent waste soil and waste slag from falling into the habitat and having a negative impact on the habitat of the chestnut-throated bee-eater.

[0084] (3) Measures for artificially modifying nesting sites

[0085] Requirements for artificially transforming slopes suitable for chestnut-throated bee-eaters to build nests and survive: the slope height is greater than 0.5m and the thickness cannot be less than 3m; there is an open water surface within a 1km diameter of the slope to provide a stable source of food and water for the chestnut-throated bee-eaters; the newly built areas include the circular sunken areas of the highway ramps and the areas where temporary land occupation needs to be greened and restored, and the new nesting sites are built in combination with wetland construction and landscape greening design. The specific construction methods refer to the above-mentioned highway slope protection structure that is conducive to the nesting of the protected animal chestnut-throated bee-eaters;

[0086] (4) Protection measures for the nesting sites of chestnut-throated bee-eaters during highway construction and operation

[0087] a. Highway construction should protect land resources along the route as much as possible. If it is necessary to clean and renew the slopes used by bee-eaters for breeding in the previous year to form new sandy slopes, so as to provide space for bee-eaters to dig holes and build nests for breeding and maintain the nesting and breeding function for several years, land acquisition should be carried out in advance. The specific scope of land acquisition is calculated according to the following formula: R = D*a, where R is the expansion scope of land acquisition on one side of the slope, meters; D is the annual slope cutting depth, meters; a is the number of years to maintain the nesting and breeding function, the number of years (which is a natural number), where the annual slope cutting depth of 50cm is better, and the number of years to maintain the nesting and breeding function is determined according to the terrain, the protection period and the growth rate of highway traffic;

[0088] b. Artificial slope cutting: for low sand slopes, i.e. sand slopes with a height of less than 2 meters, direct slope cutting is adopted with a slope cutting angle of 90°; for high sand slopes, i.e. sand slopes with a height of more than 2 meters, the slope cutting angle of the middle part is 90°, forming the above-mentioned highway slope protection structure that is conducive to the nesting of the protected animal chestnut-throated bee-eater, i.e. the structure of upper gentle slope-vertical slope-lower gentle slope;

[0089] c. After the slope is cut, the secretions and food residues of the chestnut-throated bee-eaters in the caves on the slope will produce ants. The caves are not easy to be used in the second year, and the secretions and food residues in the caves need to be cleaned out. The chestnut-throated bee-eaters fly in March to start building nests. The young birds and parents that have successfully bred fly away from the nests in July and August. The secretions and food residues in the caves are cleaned out from October of the current year to January of the next year until there are no secretions and food residues in the caves. At the same time, the scattered plants in the vertical area on the slope are removed to keep the vegetation coverage close to 0.

[0090] d. Clear the soil, debris and vegetation accumulated at the bottom of the slope and dig drainage ditches at the bottom of the slope;

[0091] e. If the bottom of the slope is connected to the water, add wooden piles between the bottom of the slope and the water surface to reinforce the slope to prevent water from eroding the slope surface; the wooden piles should be vertically inserted 10 cm into the ground, 30 cm above the ground, and 20 cm apart;

[0092] f. Clean the top area of ​​the original slope, remove weeds, shrubs and invasive plants, with a cleaning width of no less than 5m, and then cover and level the cleaned area;

[0093] g. Compact the area within 1m of the top of the slope (the area 1m wide from the slope mouth), and dig a diversion groove 16 of the road slope protection structure in the middle, which is conducive to the nesting of the protected animal chestnut-throated bee-eater; then lay a layer of crushed stone on the compacted area; then lay a cement hardening layer, and finally form a hardened slope top transverse diversion groove 1, and a plurality of diversion grooves 2 15 are arranged to intersect with the diversion groove 1 16, and a corrosion-resistant hard plastic rain shield 1 is fixedly provided along the cement hardening layer to the outside of the top of the slope, and a noise reduction cushion layer 6 is laid on the upper part of the rain shield 1;

[0094] h. The native plant Casuarina equisetifolia is planted in the area 1m outside the top of the slope.

[0095] Experiment 1: Effects of different protective structures on the mechanical properties of the slopes where chestnut-throated bee-eaters nest

[0096] Test method: This test studies the influence of different protective structures on the mechanical performance parameters of the slope for nesting of chestnut-throated bee-eaters. Specifically, the slope construction method of Example 2 of the present invention is adopted to artificially simulate the slope surface, lay a 5 cm thick pebble layer on the bottom surface, embed the pebbles into the soil layer, and lay a 5 cm thick gravel layer on the pebbles; the gravel eco-bag is filled with gravel, 60 cm long, 30 cm wide, and 20 cm high; it is stacked from bottom to top against the innermost side of the slope as the innermost filter layer of the excavated area, and 2 rows and 3 layers are stacked outward; the plant fiber dense mesh bag is 40 cm long, 30 cm wide, and 20 cm high, and is filled with sand with a sand content of 80%, and is stacked outward in 2 rows and 3 layers; until the entire rectangular area is covered, and finally the plant fiber blanket is pulled back to tightly wrap the covered gravel eco-bag and the plant fiber dense mesh bag; it is laid upward at an angle of 120° down a gentle slope. The parameters of the vegetation fiber network nodes (central area) were measured, the tensile test was carried out on an MTS fatigue testing machine, the stress-strain relationship was measured using an extensometer, and the influence of different slope structures on the mechanical performance parameters of the nodes (yield strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus, node bearing capacity) was simulated and calculated.

[0097] Experimental Example 1

[0098] The slope structure is the same as in Example 2, except that it is replaced by 2 layers of crushed stone eco-bags and 2 layers of plant fiber dense nets.

[0099] Experimental Example 2

[0100] The slope structure is the same as that of Example 2, except that only three layers of gravel eco-bags are laid.

[0101] Experimental Example 3

[0102] The slope structure is the same as that in Example 2, except that only three layers of plant fiber dense mesh are laid.

[0103] Experimental Example 4

[0104] The slope structure is the same as that of Example 2, except that only one pebble layer is laid.

[0105] Table 1 Effects of different protective structures on mechanical properties of the slope where the chestnut-throated bee-eater nests

[0106]

[0107] Test results: Since the chestnut-throated bee-eater only nests on vertical slopes, and the slope needs to be a steep slope with extremely high sand content, such a slope is easily destroyed by rain, which is not conducive to the protection of the nesting slope. The protection method of the present application, by laying a pebble layer + a gravel layer + a vegetation fiber net, arranging a gravel ecological bag and a plant fiber dense net bag thereon, can improve the vertical slope protection function of the chestnut-throated bee-eater nesting, wherein the structure constructed by the slope protection laying method of the combination of Example 2 improves the overall protection capability. After the structure was tested, it was obtained that the parameters with better toughness and mechanical properties were obtained, that is, the yield strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus and node bearing capacity of the middle area of ​​the reverse vegetation fiber net were all more prominent, and the mechanical effect was better, indicating that through a specific reinforcement protection system, its mechanical performance parameters are better. In addition, by using 2 layers of gravel ecological bags and plant fiber dense nets of Experimental Example 1, and only 3 layers of plant fiber dense nets of Experimental Example 3, its elastic modulus will be improved, and at the same time, the yield strength and tensile strength will be reduced, which is not conducive to slope protection. In Experimental Example 4, only one pebble layer was laid, and the mechanical performance parameters were also good (except for the elastic modulus), but it was easy to cause water accumulation and had a poor effect on the slope connectivity.

[0108] Experiment 2: The influence of artificial slope cutting during highway construction on the nesting of chestnut-throated bee-eater

[0109] Experimental method: The effect of artificial slope cutting during highway construction on the nesting of Chestnut-throated Bee-eater was studied. The environmental characteristics of the nesting sites of Chestnut-throated Bee-eater were investigated by on-site micro-cameras, including 2 nesting sites, and the environmental characteristics of its nesting sites were summarized. The effect of artificial slope cutting on the nesting of Chestnut-throated Bee-eater was recorded on-site. During its breeding and brooding season (April-July), in order not to interfere with its normal nesting and incubation behavior, the researchers used a telescope 70m away from the nesting area to observe its behavior; after the migration on July 25, the depth and number of nests were measured at close range.

[0110] Table 2 Depth measurement and statistical results of chestnut-throated bee-eater nests on highway slopes

[0111]

[0112] Test results:

[0113] Highway construction needs to protect the land resources along the route as much as possible. Under the condition of meeting the requirements of highway design specifications, the scope of land acquisition along the highway red line will be minimized. The area outside the highway red line is not within the scope of engineering construction for highway construction management units; however, if it is necessary to clean and update the slope used by bee-eaters for breeding in the previous year to form a new sandy slope in order to provide space for bee-eaters to dig holes and build nests for breeding and maintain the nesting and breeding function for several years, land acquisition must be carried out in advance. The specific scope of land acquisition can be calculated according to the following formula: R = D*a, where R is the expansion scope of land acquisition on one side of the slope, meters; D is the annual slope cutting depth, meters; a is the number of years to maintain the nesting and breeding function, the number of years (which is a natural number), where the annual artificial slope cutting depth is 50 cm (see Table 2), and the number of years to maintain the nesting and breeding function is determined according to the terrain, protection years and the growth rate of highway traffic.

[0114] According to the experimental data in Table 2, nests with a depth of less than 50 cm account for 55.32%-68.57% of the total number of nests, and these caves are "false nests" with cover functions without chestnut-throated bee-eaters breeding. When the peeling depth is 50 cm, 55.32%-68.57% of the caves on the slope can be cleared, reducing the density of caves on the refurbished slope by 1 / 2-2 / 3. When the chestnut-throated bee-eaters come to build nests again the next year, they can dig new holes to form "real nests" and "false nests". If the artificial slope cutting depth is increased to 1m, 70.21%-85.71% of the caves on the slope can be cleared, reducing the density of caves on the refurbished slope more, and the slope looks newer, but the expansion range of the land acquisition on one side of the slope will double or the nesting and breeding function will be shortened by half. Taking all factors into consideration, 50cm is the best slope cutting depth.

[0115] Investigation on the reproduction number of three chestnut-throated bee-eaters

[0116] Test method: In 2022, during the breeding season of chestnut-throated bee-eaters on the slopes, observers can use telescopes to conduct long-term observations from a shelter 70m away, and try not to let the chestnut-throated bee-eaters notice them. If you miss the breeding season of chestnut-throated bee-eaters on the slopes, you can investigate and observe the inside of the nest after the chestnut-throated bee-eaters fly away: use the following rapid screening method to quickly screen out most of the fake nests. Then use a micro camera to observe the remaining nests in depth, and observe the number of eggshells left after the young birds hatch, and determine the nests and the number of successful reproduction.

[0117] Specific survey methods:

[0118] (1) Cave depth measurement: Use a ruler to measure the depth of the caves, and exclude those with a depth of less than 50 cm. 55.32%-68.57% of the caves on the slope can be excluded.

[0119] (2) Determine whether there are ants crawling out of the cave. When measuring the depth of the cave with a ruler, due to the disturbance of the ruler to the cave, the secretions and food residues of the chestnut-throated bee-eater will cause a large number of ants to crawl out. The caves without ants crawling out are eliminated. Of the remaining 31.43%-44.68% of the nests, about 50% will be eliminated because no ants crawl out.

[0120] (3) Instrument detection: Micro cameras were used to observe the remaining 15.72%-22.34% of the caves in depth to determine whether there were any eggshells left after the hatching of young birds and their number.

[0121] Table 3 Survey on the breeding number of chestnut-throated bee-eaters

[0122]

[0123] Test results: The breeding numbers of chestnut-throated bee-eaters observed at different nesting sites including the right side slope of Wnk2+400 on Wanning Highway in Hainan, the left side slope of Wnk2+400 on Wanning Highway in Hainan, and the artificially constructed slope (Example 2) when the peeling depth of the present application was 50 cm and 100 cm respectively. It can be seen that the slope cutting depth of 50 cm and 100 cm and the artificial slope modification method of the present application can all achieve normal breeding behavior of chestnut-throated bee-eaters, that is, the breeding number in each effective nest is maintained within the range of 2-3, indicating that the slope cutting depth and the artificial vertical slope modification method of the present application are conducive to the breeding of chestnut-throated bee-eaters.

[0124] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A road slope protection structure that is beneficial to the nesting of chestnut-throated bee-eaters, characterized by: The slope protection structure comprises, from top to bottom, an upper gentle slope, a vertical slope, a lower gentle slope, and a rectangular excavation area. A rain shield (1) is arranged at the top of the upper gentle slope. A panel (2) is welded to the top of the rain shield (1). A flow guide pipe (3) is provided on the left side of the panel (2). A plurality of symmetrical threaded collars (4) are welded to the bottom of the rain shield (1). The inner cavity of the threaded collar (4) is threadedly connected to a threaded support rod (5). The threaded support rod (5) passes through the threaded collar (4) and supports the edge of the upper gentle slope. A noise reduction cushion layer (6) is adhered to the top of the rain shield (1). A fixing plate (8) and a fixing angle steel (7) are respectively arranged at the top and bottom of the lower gentle slope. A fixing plate (8) and a fixing angle steel (7) are provided between the fixing plate (8) and the fixing angle steel (7). A three-dimensional vegetation net (11) is provided; a first guide groove (16) parallel to the rain shield (1) is arranged outside the rain shield (1) at the top of the slope; a plurality of second guide grooves (15) cross-intersecting with the first guide groove (16) are arranged outside the first guide groove (16); the rectangular excavation area is located in the area extending outward from the bottom of the lower gentle slope; a pebble layer (17) is provided at the bottom of the area; a crushed stone layer (18) is provided on the top of the pebble layer (17); a plant fiber blanket is provided on the top of the crushed stone layer (18); a crushed stone ecological bag (19) is provided on the top of the plant fiber blanket near the inner side of the slope; a plant fiber dense mesh bag (20) is provided on the outside of the crushed stone ecological bag (19); and the plant fiber blanket wraps the rectangular excavation area.

2. A highway slope protection structure that is beneficial to the nesting of the protected animal chestnut-throated bee-eater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the rain shield (1) and the fixed angle steel (7) and the left side of the fixed plate (8) are both penetrated by a fixed anchor rod (9); the fixed angle steel (7) is located on the ground on the left side of the slope; the surface of the fixed anchor rod (9) is threadedly connected to a limit plate; the limit plate is circular; the fixed anchor rod (9) is threadedly connected to the rain shield (1), the fixed angle steel (7) and the fixed plate (8); the top of the fixed angle steel (7) and the bottom of the fixed plate (8) are both provided with a fixed pipe (10); a three-dimensional vegetation net (11) is provided between the two fixed pipes (10); the front and back sides of the fixed angle steel (7) and the fixed plate (8) are both penetrated by a fixed anchor rod (9); A threaded rod fixing rod (12), the threaded rod fixing rod (12) passes through the fixing angle steel (7) and the fixing plate (8) and is rotatably connected to the fixing pipe (10), the threaded rod fixing rod (12) being threadedly connected to the fixing angle steel (7) and the fixing plate (8); a limiting ring (13) is welded to the side of the threaded rod fixing rod (12) away from the fixing angle steel (7) or the fixing plate (8), the limiting ring (13) is in contact with the fixing angle steel (7) or the fixing plate (8), and a torsion rod (14) is welded to the surface of the threaded rod fixing rod (12), the torsion rod (14) is located on the side of the limiting ring (13) away from the fixing angle steel (7) or the fixing plate (8).

3. A highway slope protection structure that is beneficial to the nesting of the protected animal chestnut-throated bee-eater according to claim 2, characterized in that: The color of the three-dimensional vegetation net is imitation vegetation color, and it is a commercially available polyethylene net; the plant fiber blanket is a commercially available product, which is composed of a PP net and plant fibers, wherein the plant fibers are scraps of coconut shells, rice straws and / or wheat straws; the gravel eco-bag is a commercially available eco-bag for slope protection, filled with gravel, and the bag is made of any flexible material; the plant fiber dense mesh bag is also a bag made of commercially available plant fibers, with fine mesh, and filled with sand.

4. A road slope protection structure that is beneficial to nesting of the protected animal chestnut-throated bee-eater according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rain shield (1) is located at the top of the slope, the part of the rain shield (1) extending from the top of the slope is in an inclined state, the threaded support rod (5) passes through the threaded collar (4) and supports the edge of the upper gentle slope, the surface of the noise reduction cushion layer (6) is sprayed with non-toxic camouflage paint, the fixed angle steel (7) is an L-shaped plate, the fixed pipe (10) is a hollow pipe, the fixed pipe (10) is compatible with the threaded rod fixing rod (12), and one side of the fixed anchor rod (9) is pointed.

5. The method for constructing a highway slope protection structure that is beneficial for nesting of the protected animal Chestnut-throated Bee-eater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Slope bottom reconstruction: a rectangular excavation area is constructed near the slope bottom. The slope protection structure includes, from top to bottom, an upper gentle slope, a vertical slope, a lower gentle slope, and a rectangular excavation area. The bottom of the area is padded with a pebble layer (17), a crushed stone layer (18), and a plant fiber blanket. A crushed stone eco-bag (19) is laid on the top of the plant fiber blanket near the inner side of the slope. The outside of the crushed stone eco-bag (19) is entirely covered with a plant fiber dense mesh bag (20). The plant fiber blanket wraps around the rectangular excavation area from the bottom. (2) constructing a lower gentle slope, constructing a zigzag lower gentle slope on the upper part of the rectangular excavation area, with an angle of 120-160°, and providing a three-dimensional vegetation net (11) between the top and the bottom of the lower gentle slope; (3) Repairing a vertical slope, wherein the slope of the vertical slope is 80-90° and the sand content is about 80%; (4) constructing an upper gentle slope, wherein a rain shield (1) is arranged at the top of the upper gentle slope, and a guide groove (1) parallel to the rain shield (1) is arranged outside the rain shield (1) at the top of the slope, and a plurality of guide grooves (15) cross-intersecting with the guide groove (1) are arranged outside the guide groove (1); the guide groove (1) is 20-30 cm deep and 50 cm wide, and after compacting the area, a 5 cm thick gravel layer is laid on it, and then a 2-3 cm thick cement hardening layer is laid on it, and finally a hardened slope top transverse guide groove (1) is formed, and a plurality of guide grooves (15) are arranged perpendicularly to the guide groove (1) and the plurality of guide grooves (15) are spaced 30-50 cm apart; a rain shield (1) made of corrosion-resistant hard plastic is fixedly provided along the cement hardening layer extending to the outside of the slope top, and a noise reduction cushion layer (6) is laid on the upper part of the rain shield (1).

6. The construction method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step (1), a 5 cm thick pebble layer is laid on the bottom surface of the excavated rectangular area, the pebbles are embedded in the soil layer, and a 5 cm thick gravel layer is laid on the pebbles; the gravel eco-bag is filled with gravel, the gravel eco-bag is 60 cm long, 30 cm wide and 20 cm high; it is stacked from bottom to top against the innermost side of the slope as the innermost filter layer of the excavated area, and 1-2 rows are stacked outward; the plant fiber dense mesh bag is 40 cm long, 30 cm wide and 20 cm high, and the bag is filled with sand with a sand content of about 80%, and more than 2 rows are stacked outward; until the entire rectangular area is covered, finally the plant fiber blanket is pulled back to tightly wrap the covered gravel eco-bag and the plant fiber dense mesh bag, and tightened and fixed, and a layer of sand camouflage is laid on the top.

7. The method for applying the highway slope protection structure that is beneficial to the nesting of the protected animal chestnut-throated bee-eater according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Highway planning route optimization To investigate the distance to which human activities startle chestnut-throated bee-eaters and the distance to which mechanical vehicles startle chestnut-throated bee-eaters; Based on the previous investigation, the location information of the chestnut-throated bee-eater habitat was superimposed on the planned highway route, and the relationship between the habitat location and the highway route was analyzed. According to the relationship between the habitat location and the route, the habitat was divided into three categories, and corresponding protection measures were taken for each category. (2) Classification protection measures during highway planning and construction period Category 1: The highway directly crosses the habitat of the chestnut-throated bee-eater. The route should be optimized and adjusted, and avoidance measures should be taken to adjust the route direction so that the route is at a safe distance of more than 200m from the habitat. Category II: The highway area is adjacent to the habitat of the chestnut-throated bee-eater within 100m of the adjacent area. Measures such as posting warning signs at the habitat boundary, fencing to prevent human entry, and using retaining walls to block sight and noise are adopted to reduce the impact on the habitat. Mechanical vehicles try to avoid the habitat with signs, and personnel are not allowed to approach the habitat. No new temporary construction sites will be built within 200m of the habitat. Simple retaining walls will be set up in the direction of high construction frequency and close to the habitat to temporarily block the construction site, reduce construction noise and human impact, and reduce the vigilance of the chestnut-throated bee-eater. If there is a highway river diversion project near the habitat, the construction of the temporary river channel should be completed first to ensure the integrity and flow of the water area, and grass and shrubs should be planted on both sides of the temporary river channel in time to provide a living environment for insects. Category III: If the road is adjacent to the habitat of the chestnut-throated bee-eater and is more than 100m away from the habitat, warning signs should be posted to remind vehicles and personnel to stay away from the habitat. No new temporary construction sites should be built within 100m of the habitat. When constructing and using fill roadbeds, waste soil and waste slag sites, retaining walls should be set up near the habitat to prevent waste soil and waste slag from falling into the habitat and having a negative impact on the habitat of the chestnut-throated bee-eater. (3) Measures for artificially transforming nesting sites Requirements for artificially transforming slopes suitable for chestnut-throated bee-eaters to build nests and survive: the slope height is greater than 0.5m and the thickness cannot be less than 3m; there is an open water surface within a 1km diameter of the slope to provide a stable source of food and water for the chestnut-throated bee-eaters; the newly built areas include the circular sunken areas of the highway ramps and the areas where temporary land occupation needs to be greened and restored, and the new nesting sites are built in combination with wetland construction and landscape greening design, and are constructed according to the construction method described in claim 5; (4) Protection measures for the nesting sites of chestnut-throated bee-eaters during the highway construction and operation period a. Highway construction should protect land resources along the route as much as possible. If it is necessary to clean and renew the slope used by bee-eaters for breeding in the previous year to form a new sandy slope, so as to provide space for bee-eaters to dig holes and build nests for breeding and maintain the nesting and breeding function for several years, land acquisition must be carried out in advance. The specific scope of land acquisition is calculated according to the following formula: R=D×a, where R is the expansion scope of land acquisition on one side of the slope, meters; D is the annual slope cutting depth, meters; a is the number of years to maintain the nesting and breeding function, years; b. Artificial slope cutting treatment: for low sand slopes, i.e. sand slopes with a height of less than 2 meters, direct slope cutting is adopted, and the slope cutting angle is 90°; for high sand slopes, i.e. sand slopes with a height of more than 2 meters, the middle part is excavated, and the slope cutting angle is 90°, forming an artificially transformed nesting site slope type of upper gentle slope-vertical slope-lower gentle slope. A broken line lower gentle slope is constructed on the upper part of the rectangular excavation area, with an angle of 120-160°, and a three-dimensional vegetation net is provided between the top and bottom of the lower gentle slope; c. After the slope is cut, the secretions and food residues of the chestnut-throated bee-eaters in the caves on the slope will attract ants, and the caves will not be easily used in the second year. The secretions and food residues in the caves need to be cleaned out. The chestnut-throated bee-eaters fly in March to start building nests. The young birds and parents fly away from the nests in July and August. The secretions and food residues in the caves are cleaned out from October of the current year to January of the next year until there are no secretions and food residues in the caves. At the same time, the scattered plants in the vertical area on the slope are removed to keep the vegetation coverage close to 0. d. Clear the soil, debris and vegetation accumulated at the bottom of the slope and dig drainage ditches at the bottom of the slope; e. If the bottom of the slope is connected to the water, add wooden piles between the slope and the water surface to reinforce the slope to prevent water from eroding the slope; the wooden piles should be vertically inserted 10-20cm into the ground, 20-30cm above the ground, and the wooden piles should be spaced 10-20cm apart; f. Clean the top area of ​​the original slope, remove weeds, shrubs and invasive plants, with a cleaning width of no less than 5m, and then cover and level the cleaned area; g. Compact the area within 1m of the top of the slope, dig a diversion groove 1 (16) in the middle, then lay a layer of crushed stone in the diversion groove 1 (16), and then lay a cement hardening layer, finally forming a hardened slope top transverse diversion groove 1 (16), and a plurality of diversion grooves 2 (15) are arranged to intersect the diversion groove 1 (16), and a rain shield (1) made of corrosion-resistant hard plastic is fixedly provided along the cement hardening layer to the outside of the top of the slope, and a noise reduction cushion layer (6) is laid on the upper part of the rain shield (1); h. Native plants are planted in the area 1m outside the top of the slope.

8. The application method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step (4), the annual slope cutting depth is 50 cm, and the number of years for maintaining nesting and reproduction functions is determined according to the terrain, protection period and the growth rate of highway traffic volume. On this basis, a survey of the number of chestnut-throated bee-eaters' nests and reproduction numbers is conducted to monitor in real time the impact of highway construction and operation periods on the normal reproduction behavior of chestnut-throated bee-eaters. The specific survey method is as follows: (1) Cave depth measurement: Use a ruler to measure the depth of the caves, and exclude nests with a depth of less than 50 cm. This can exclude 55.32%-68.57% of the caves on the slope; (2) Determine whether there are ants crawling out of the cave. When measuring the depth of the cave with a ruler, due to the disturbance of the ruler to the cave, the secretions and food residues of the chestnut-throated bee-eater will cause a large number of ants to crawl out. The caves without ants crawling out will be eliminated. Of the remaining 31.43%-44.68% of the nests, about 50% will be eliminated because no ants crawl out. (3) Instrument detection: Micro cameras were used to conduct in-depth observations in the remaining 15.72%-22.34% of the caves to determine whether there were any eggshells left after the hatching of young birds and their number.

Images