Durian fruit retention method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of durian planting, and particularly provides a durian fruit retention method. According to the invention, the two effective components brassinolide and compound sodium nitrophenolate are combined and compounded into the durian fruit retention liquid medicine, the action mechanisms in the durian fruit retention aspect are different, cross resistance does not exist, and after being combined, the two effective components are compounded into the liquid medicine, so that an obvious synergistic interaction effect is achieved; and the durian fruit retention effect is obviously superior to that of a single agent of brassinolide and compound sodium nitrophenolate. The liquid medicine is used for treating flowers in the flowering period, regulating and controlling the physiological mechanism of flower organs and cooperating with artificial supplementary pollination, so that the pollination and fertilization capacity of the flowers is improved, the flowering and fruit setting rate is obviously increased, physiological fruit falling is reduced, effective fruit retention is achieved, the commodity rate and the yield of fruits are increased, and economic benefits are increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of durian planting and relates to a durian fruit preservation method. Background Art

[0002] durian( Durio zibethinus Murr.) belongs to the Malvaceae family, the genus Durian, and is a tropical fruit with high economic value. It is widely planted in Southeast Asian countries and has become an important source of income for major durian producing countries. In recent years, with the successful introduction of durian in southern Hainan, the scale of planting has expanded rapidly. Durian will become the most promising tropical high-efficiency specialty industry in my country's tropical regions.

[0003] Durian grafted seedlings begin to bear fruit after 3 to 5 years of planting, and enter the peak fruit-bearing period after 7 to 8 years. A tree can produce as few as a dozen fruits and as many as hundreds of fruits, and the fruiting period can last for several years. The durian grown in Hainan Province, my country, has the same industrial problems as durian producing countries abroad, such as easy flowering, large number of flowers, and low fruit setting rate. Under natural conditions, the self-flowering fruiting rate is less than 1%, which cannot meet the tree load. The number of fruits and yield per plant are unstable, and the expected economic benefits have not been achieved, which has become a key technical problem that needs to be urgently solved in my country's durian production.

[0004] Durian is a monoecious flower. It usually blooms around 16:00 and fully opens around 18:00. At the same time, the anthers split open to release pollen. Stamens and petals begin to fall off after 1-2 a.m., and petals, stamens, and sepals fall off completely in the early morning. The stamens of durian are 1-2 cm higher than the pistils. In the natural state, the pistils have few opportunities to contact the stamens. There is a lack of pollination media at night, the best pollination and fertilization period. In addition, durian pollen has a granular structure and is not suitable for floating in the air. The self-pollination rate is less than 1%, which often results in the phenomenon of blooming but not fruiting.

[0005] To sum up, durian production relies on traditional natural pollination methods, which has a low fruit set rate, often resulting in more flowers and fewer fruits, low yield and low commercial rate. It fails to achieve the expected yield and economic benefits, and has become a key technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in my country's durian production. Summary of the invention

[0006] The core technology of the present invention is to overcome the defect of more flowers and less fruit setting by taking drug regulation to improve the quality of stamens and pistils and cooperating with artificial assisted pollination through innovative horticultural technology. The specific method is to spray a durian fruit-preserving liquid on the flower buds during the durian flowering period, and artificially assisted pollination is performed on the flowers that have been opened after spraying the liquid, so as to promote the pollination and fertilization of the flowers, improve the fruit setting rate, and achieve fruit preservation and increase production.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The first aspect of the present invention provides a durian fruit preservation liquid, the liquid is composed of the following substances, including 0.01% brassinolide diluted at a concentration of 2000-5000 times and 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate diluted at a concentration of 3000-7000 times; During the preparation of the durian fruit-preserving liquid medicine, each component is added into clean water and stirred evenly.

[0008] Preferably, the dilution concentration of the 0.01% brassinolide is 2000-4000 times, and the dilution concentration of the 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate is 3000-6000 times.

[0009] The second aspect of the present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned durian fruit preservation liquid for durian fruit preservation.

[0010] The third aspect of the present invention provides a durian fruit preservation method, which is applied to a durian tree that begins to bear fruit at 4 to 5 years old, and comprises the following steps: (1) Preparation of the medicinal solution: preparing the above-mentioned durian fruit-preserving medicinal solution; (2) Spraying the drug: spray the durian fruit-preserving drug prepared in step (1) on the flower buds that have split open in the afternoon of the day before artificial assisted pollination. The petals exposed by the flower buds that have split open have a thin wax layer that is easy to absorb the drug. The flower buds that bloom and pollinate the next day will be exposed to the drug for more than 24 hours, which is beneficial to cell division and pollen tube elongation, thereby promoting pollination and fertilization. (3) Collecting pollen: Collect anthers from different durian varieties at 15:00-16:00 on the day of pollination. For example, collect anthers from the main durian variety, such as collecting anthers from Ganyao, and collecting anthers from Musang King. After collecting the anthers, place them in a cool and ventilated place until the anthers crack and the pollen automatically disperses. Collect the anthers and pollen together in a glass bottle or other container for later use. (4) Assisted pollination: At 19:00 to 21:00 on the evening of the pollination day, during the active pollen germination period, artificial assisted pollination is performed on the flowers that have been sprayed with the liquid and opened. The method is to use a pollination brush to dip pollen and lightly brush the stigma of the pistil 1 to 2 times; (5) Steps (1) to (4) are continued for 2 to 3 days depending on the number of flowers on the tree and the tree's carrying capacity.

[0011] Furthermore, in step (2), the flower buds that have split open are sprayed with a liquid medicine, and the amount of the liquid medicine sprayed is such that no liquid medicine drips from the flower buds after the liquid medicine is sprayed.

[0012] Furthermore, within the range of concentration of the liquid medicine, the concentration should be flexibly controlled depending on the strength of the tree and climatic conditions. A relatively higher concentration should be used when the tree is strong, the temperature is high and there is a lot of rain, while a relatively lower concentration should be used when the tree is weak, the temperature is low and the weather is dry.

[0013] Beneficial effects of the present invention: Brassinolide is a broad-spectrum and highly effective plant growth regulator. It is a biologically active brassinosteroid that can promote stem elongation and cell division, increase pollen germination rate, promote pollen tube elongation, and facilitate plant fertilization, thereby increasing fruit set and fruit setting rates, ensuring uniform fruit development, and improving quality.

[0014] Sodium nitrophenolate is a broad-spectrum plant growth regulator that has a great influence on the absorption function of plants. It has the functions of promoting cell protoplasm flow, improving cell vitality, accelerating plant growth and development, promoting pollen tube elongation, helping fertilization and fruiting, increasing yield, and enhancing stress resistance.

[0015] The present invention combines two effective ingredients, brassinolide and sodium nitrophenolate, into a durian fruit-preserving liquid. The two have different action mechanisms in durian fruit preservation and do not have cross-resistance. The combination of the two ingredients in the liquid has an obvious synergistic effect, and is significantly better than single doses of brassinolide and sodium nitrophenolate in terms of the durian fruit-preserving effect.

[0016] The present invention uses the liquid medicine to treat flowers during the flowering period, regulates the physiological mechanism of flower organs, cooperates with artificial assisted pollination to improve the pollination and fertilization ability of flowers, significantly improves the flowering and fruiting rate, reduces physiological fruit drop, achieves effective fruit preservation, improves the commercial rate and yield of fruits, and increases economic benefits. The method is creative, practical, simple and easy to implement, and can be widely used in durian production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 The present invention uses 0.01% brassinolide and 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate.

[0018] Figure 2 These are the flower buds that split open, the flower buds that open at night, and the flowers that wither in the early morning, leaving only the female organs.

[0019] Figure 3 They are 5-year-old golden pillow durian and 5-year-old Mao Shan durian at the experimental base: A is the 5-year-old golden pillow durian at the experimental base; B is the 5-year-old Mao Shan durian at the experimental base.

[0020] Figure 4 To collect anthers and pollen.

[0021] Figure 5 Marking for artificial assisted pollination experiment and after artificial assisted pollination: A is artificial assisted pollination experiment; B is marking after artificial assisted pollination.

[0022] Figure 6 Experimental effect of spraying drugs + assisted pollination on golden pillow durian.

[0023] Figure 7 Experimental effect of spraying drugs + assisted pollination on Maoshan durian.

[0024] Figure 8 These are the durian flowering period and the morphology of the durian flower: A is the durian flowering period; B is the morphology of the durian flower. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0026] Example 1: Experiment on the concentration of fruit-preserving drugs The experimental trees were 4 to 5-year-old fruiting durian trees; The test period is two consecutive years of test investigation and statistics from 2023 to 2024; The test sites were located in Yucai Ecological Zone, Sanya, Hainan Province, and the durian production base in Sandao Town, Baoting County; The experimental varieties are golden pillow durian and Mao Shan durian; 0.01% brassinolide and 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate were purchased from the agricultural supplies store of Nanbin Farm, Yazhou District, Sanya City ( Figure 1 ); In the two selected test sites, the test varieties, tree ages, and growth conditions of each demonstration site were the same, and the climatic conditions, cultivation management, terrain, and soil types of the test sites were basically the same. Three fruiting branches were randomly selected for each treatment, and three repetitions constituted a test plot with a total of 9 fruiting branches. There were 36 fruiting branches in the four treatments, and the number of flower buds in the treatment accounted for 33.33% of the total number of flower buds in the treatment fruit branches. The test was carried out for two consecutive years, and the test results were investigated and statistically analyzed ( Figure 2-Figure 8 ).

[0027] ① "Brassinolide" fruit preservation test: set 0 (clear water), 2000 times liquid, 3000 times liquid, 4000 times liquid, 5000 times liquid, 5 different concentration gradient treatments. The test results are shown in Table 1 Statistical table of spraying brassinolide test.

[0028] Table 1 Statistics of the test on spraying brassinolide

[0029] ② "Sodium nitrophenolate" fruit preservation test: set 0 (clear water), 4000 times liquid, 5000 times liquid, 6000 times liquid, 7000 times liquid, 5 different concentration gradient treatments. The test results are shown in Table 2 Statistical table of spraying sodium nitrophenolate test.

[0030] Table 2 Statistics of the spraying sodium nitrophenolate test

[0031] ③ "Brassinolide + sodium nitrophenolate" fruit preservation test: set 0 (clear water), 3000 times of brassinolide, and 5000 times of sodium nitrophenolate, two different concentration gradient treatments. The test results are shown in Table 3 Statistical table of spraying brassinolide + sodium nitrophenolate test.

[0032] Table 3 Statistics of the test of spraying brassinolide + sodium nitrophenolate

[0033] The test results show that: ① Among the five concentrations of spraying "Brassinolide" to preserve fruit, the 3000-fold A-level fruit rate and fruit setting rate were the highest. ② Among the five concentrations of spraying "Sodium Nitrophenolate" to preserve fruit, the 5000-fold A-level fruit rate and fruit setting rate were the highest. ③ In the two concentrations of spraying "Brassinolide" + "Sodium Nitrophenolate" with the highest A-level fruit rate and fruit setting rate, the A-level fruit rate and fruit setting rate reached 77.27% and 83.33 respectively, achieving the same test effect, while the control A-level fruit rate was only 0 and the fruit setting rate was only 0.92%.

[0034] The test shows that the concentration of "Brassinolide" spraying is 2000-4000 times, and the concentration of "Sodium Nitrophenolate" spraying is 4000-6000 times. The specific concentration should be flexibly controlled according to the growth of durian trees and climatic conditions. The concentration should be relatively high when the tree is strong, hot and rainy, and relatively low when the tree is weak, low temperature and dry.

[0035] Obviously, the above described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can make other different forms of changes or modifications without making creative work, which should fall within the scope of invention protection.

Claims

1. A durian fruit preservation method, characterized in that: The method is applied to a durian tree that starts to bear fruit in 4 to 5 years, and comprises the following steps: (1) Preparation of drug solution: Preparation of drug solution for durian fruit preservation; (2) Spraying the drug: spray the durian fruit-preserving drug prepared in step (1) on the flower buds that have split open in the afternoon of the day before artificial assisted pollination. The petals exposed by the flower buds that have split open have a thin wax layer that is easy to absorb the drug. The flower buds that bloom and pollinate the next day will be exposed to the drug for more than 24 hours, which is beneficial to cell division and pollen tube elongation, thereby promoting pollination and fertilization. (3) Collecting pollen: Collect anthers from different flowers at 15:00 to 16:00 on the day of pollination. After collecting the anthers, place them in a cool and ventilated place. Wait for the anthers to crack and the pollen to automatically spread out. Collect the anthers and pollen together in a glass bottle or other container for later use. (4) Assisted pollination: At 19:00 to 21:00 on the evening of the pollination day, during the active pollen germination period, artificial assisted pollination is performed on the flowers that have been sprayed with the liquid and opened. The method is to use a pollination brush to dip pollen and lightly brush the stigma of the pistil 1 to 2 times; (5) Steps (1) to (4) are continued for 2 to 3 days depending on the number of flowers on the tree and the tree's carrying capacity; The durian fruit-preserving liquid medicine in step (1) comprises 0.01% brassinolide diluted at a concentration of 2000-5000 times and 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate diluted at a concentration of 3000-7000 times. During the preparation of the durian fruit-preserving liquid medicine, each component is added to clean water and stirred evenly.

2. A durian fruit preservation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the flower buds that have split open are sprayed with a liquid medicine, and the amount of the liquid medicine sprayed is preferably such that no liquid medicine drips from the flower buds after the liquid medicine is sprayed.

3. A durian fruit preservation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Within the range of concentration of the liquid medicine, it should be flexibly controlled depending on the strength of the tree and climatic conditions. When the tree is strong, the temperature is high and there is a lot of rain, a relatively higher concentration should be used, while when the tree is weak, the temperature is low and the weather is dry, a relatively lower concentration should be used.

4. A durian fruit preservation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dilution concentration of the 0.01% brassinolide is 2000-4000 times, and the dilution concentration of the 1.4% sodium nitrophenolate is 3000-6000 times.

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