Preparation method and application of dictyophora rubrovolvata organic ecological soilless culture substrate

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation and soilless culture, in particular to a preparation method and application of an organic ecological soilless culture substrate for dictyophora rubrovolvata. Auxiliary materials such as perlite, vermiculite, river sand and wood chips are mixed according to the proportion, and the soilless culture substrate is prepared. The matrix is completely used for soil-covered cultivation of dictyophora rubrovolvata, compared with a traditional cultivation mode, dictyophora rubrovolvata hyphae germinate quickly and grow vigorously, the conversion rate of mushroom buds (mushroom eggs) is high, the fruiting amount is large, meanwhile, the content of nutritional ingredients is increased, limited indexes such as heavy metal are obviously reduced, and the quality of dictyophora rubrovolvata products is effectively improved. According to the method, a new mode of soilless culture of edible mushrooms is constructed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation and soilless cultivation, in particular to a method for preparing an organic ecological soilless cultivation substrate for red stem fungus and its application. Background Art

[0002] Phallus rubrovolvatus, also known as bamboo sheng, bamboo ginseng, and bamboo flower, is known as the "Queen of Fungi" and "Flower of Fungi". It belongs to the Basidiomycetes, Gastromycetes, Phallusales, Phallusaceae, and Phallus. The fungus is rich in polysaccharides, amino acids, proteins and other active ingredients, and has physiological functions such as anti-tumor, antioxidant, antibacterial, hypolipidemic and immunomodulatory. Phallus rubrovolvatus mainly grows in the humus soil of bamboo forests in Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan and Zhejiang. In 2010, "Zhijin Bamboo Sun" obtained the national geographical indication and has now become the most distinctive edible fungus in Guizhou.

[0003] Red-suspension bamboo fungus is a typical soil-covered edible fungus. Its primordium differentiation and fruiting process require soil covering, and it is highly dependent on soil. Currently, red-suspension bamboo fungus can be cultivated under forests, in the field, and on shelves, all of which require natural soil covering. On the one hand, the soil demand is large, cultivation and management are difficult, and cause ecological damage; on the other hand, natural soil comes from a wide range of sources, the quality is inconsistent, and it is prone to the risk of contamination such as heavy metals and pesticide residues, thus affecting product quality. Therefore, the choice of covering soil matrix has become a key factor restricting the quality of red-suspension bamboo fungus and restricting the development of the red-suspension bamboo fungus industry.

[0004] my country is extremely rich in agricultural and forestry waste resources, producing about 1 billion tons of crop straw, 80 million tons of forestry residues, 3 billion tons of livestock and poultry manure, and 150 million tons of domestic organic waste each year. These agricultural and forestry waste resources can be converted into soilless cultivation substrates through substrate technology, which can be used to cultivate flowers, seedlings, vegetables, etc., providing a new source of soil substrate for edible and medicinal fungi. However, whether agricultural and forestry waste after substrate conversion will affect the normal growth of edible fungi, especially red-suspension bamboo fungus. For example, whether the microbial agents in the substrate inhibit the growth of red-suspension bamboo fungus, or whether the related metabolites in the substrate after composting inhibit the growth of mycelium.

[0005] Therefore, the current research direction is to use the base material technology to transform agricultural and forestry waste resources into the soil matrix of red bamboo fungus to replace natural soil. This will not only help alleviate the shortage of soil resources, but also solve the problem of waste resources, and provide guarantees for the sustainable development of the red bamboo fungus industry and the recycling of biomass resources. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for preparing an organic ecological soilless culture medium for Dictyophora rubra and its application, which is specifically achieved through the following technical scheme.

[0007] A method for preparing an organic ecological soilless culture substrate for red bamboo fungus is prepared by converting agricultural and forestry waste into a primary substrate through biocomposting technology and adding auxiliary materials; the biocomposting technology converts agricultural and forestry waste into a primary substrate, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Selection of composting agents: The agents used are composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus timonii, Bacillus pumilus, Citrobacter sesquiteriensis, Actinomycetes, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas balearicus, Trichoderma harzianum, and Trichoderma reesei. The effective viable bacterial count (CFU) per gram or milliliter of the agent is ≥10 8 ; Samples were collected from different environments such as forest soil, cultivated soil and compost matrix, and a single strain was obtained using microbial separation and purification technology. After screening and optimization, a composite microbial agent suitable for raw material maturation and the growth of red bamboo fungus was obtained;

[0009] (2) Collection of agricultural and forestry waste resources: Collect one or more agricultural and forestry waste resources such as crop straw, forestry residues, livestock and poultry manure, and organic household waste, crush and pre-treat them according to the properties of the raw materials and fermentation characteristics to obtain raw materials;

[0010] (3) Composting and maturation: Add wheat bran, sawdust and lime as composting auxiliary materials, as well as 1‰-5‰ microbial agent to the raw materials, stir evenly and adjust the moisture content to 60-65%; build a pile with a width of 1.5-2m, a height of 1.5-2m and a length according to the site; cover the pile with straw mats for high-temperature fermentation (50-60°C), turn the pile every 10 days, turn the pile 2-3 times, and ferment for 30-50 days until the materials are mature and air-dried to obtain the primary substrate.

[0011] Furthermore, the pretreatment is to crush the agricultural and forestry wastes, wherein the particle size of crop straw, forestry residues, and organic household waste is <3mm, and the particle size of livestock and poultry manure is <1mm.

[0012] Furthermore, the organic ecological soilless cultivation matrix is ​​prepared by adding auxiliary materials, specifically, the organic ecological soilless cultivation matrix is ​​prepared according to the ratio of primary matrix: perlite or vermiculite: river sand = (5-6): (3-4): 1.

[0013] Furthermore, the organic ecological soilless cultivation matrix is ​​prepared by adding auxiliary materials, specifically, the organic ecological soilless cultivation matrix is ​​prepared according to the ratio of primary matrix: sawdust: perlite or vermiculite: river sand = (5-6): (1-2): 3: 1.

[0014] The organic ecological soilless cultivation substrate for red-sprung bamboo fungus prepared by the method for preparing the organic ecological soilless cultivation substrate for red-sprung bamboo fungus and its application in the cultivation of red-sprung bamboo fungus.

[0015] Furthermore, the application is specifically to use the soilless culture matrix for soil covering cultivation of Dictyophora rubra.

[0016] A red stem bamboo fungus cultivation method comprises using the prepared red stem bamboo fungus organic ecological soilless cultivation matrix instead of conventional covering soil materials for covering soil.

[0017] Further, the specific steps are as follows:

[0018] (1) Soilless cultivation of red stem bamboo fungus: The cultivation of red stem bamboo fungus adopts soil covering or wood block covering, and is cultivated in a layered manner, under the forest or in the field;

[0019] (2) Post-management: After about 20-40 days of cultivation, the mycelium will emerge from the soil. At this time, remove the plastic film and cover with pine needles or coconut shreds. Control the soil moisture at 20-40%, keep the air humidity above 70%, and maintain the air temperature at 20-25℃. After 50-70 days, the mycelium buds will begin to transform, and after 80-100 days, the mycelium buds will mature and produce mushrooms.

[0020] Furthermore, when the layer-frame mushroom sticks are covered with soil for cultivation, the organic ecological cultivation matrix is ​​evenly spread on the bed surface with a width of 50 cm and a thickness of about 10-15 cm; the red-stemmed bamboo fungus sticks are unpacked and placed on the matrix in two rows, with the mushroom bags kept at a 10 cm interval front and back and left and right, and the length is determined according to the site; the mushroom sticks are then covered with the matrix, with the soil covering thickness of about 3-5 cm, the ridges are in a tile-like shape, and the ridges are covered with black plastic film for mushroom cultivation; the field cultivation method is the same as the layer-frame cultivation.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the technical effects created by the present invention are embodied in:

[0022] (1) The present invention converts agricultural and forestry waste into an organic ecological soilless cultivation matrix, which replaces conventional covering materials (natural soil) for the cultivation of red-suspension bamboo fungus. First, the screened bacterial agent can simultaneously meet the composting of raw materials and the normal growth of red-suspension bamboo fungus, has no inhibitory effect on mycelium, has fast germination, vigorous growth, many buds (eggs) conversion, and large mushroom yield. Secondly, the raw materials of the organic ecological soilless cultivation matrix are widely available and renewable, which effectively solves the problem of the high dependence of soil-covered edible fungi on the covering matrix. Thirdly, the physical and chemical properties of the cultivation matrix are controllable, the cultivation process is easy to manage, and the risk of edible fungi being contaminated by heavy metals and agricultural residues is significantly reduced, and the product quality is effectively improved.

[0023] (2) The method of the present invention has the advantages of simple process and easy cultivation. Its substrate source is wide and low cost, and it can effectively cope with the challenges of shortage of covering substrate and waste of agricultural and forestry waste resources. At the same time, the present invention constructs a new model of "soilless cultivation of edible fungi", promotes the sustainable development of the edible fungi industry, promotes the intensive utilization of resources and the development of circular economy, and has important social benefits and economic value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 Organic ecological soilless cultivation medium, including A: air-dried primary medium; B: ecological cultivation medium.

[0025] Figure 2 The red-supported bamboo fungus sticks are cultivated by covering the soil, where A: the red-supported bamboo fungus sticks are placed; B: the bed surface is covered with ridges like tiles.

[0026] Figure 3 The growth of Dictyophora rubra on an organic eco-type soilless culture substrate (Example 5), wherein A: mycelium germination; B: mycelium bundle kinking; C: early budding stage; D: middle budding stage; E: late budding stage; F: fruiting. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention is further defined below in conjunction with specific implementation methods, but the scope of protection required is not limited to the description.

[0028] Example 1: Preparation of composting microbial inoculant, comprising the following steps:

[0029] (1) Preparation of primary screening culture medium: Prepare bacterial and fungal isolation culture medium according to the LB solid culture medium formula (yeast extract 5 g / L, tryptone 10 g / L, sodium chloride 10 g / L, agar 15 g / L, pH 7.0) and PDA culture medium formula (potato 200 g / L, glucose 20 g / L, agar 20 g / L) and set aside;

[0030] (2) Isolation and purification of strains: Samples were collected from different environments such as forest soil, cultivated soil, and compost matrix. 20 g of fresh sample was weighed into a 300 mL triangular flask with glass beads, and 180 mL of sterile water was added. Then, the sample was placed on a shaker at 150 rpm for 30 min. After standing, the supernatant was taken and diluted by the ten-fold dilution method. 10 -6 , 10 -7 , 10 -8 concentrations were inoculated into the primary screening culture medium, cultured at 37°C for 48-72 hours, and single colonies were picked and preserved;

[0031] (3) Strain identification: The strains were identified by combining morphology and molecular biology. In terms of molecular biology, bacterial universal primers 27F (5'-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3') and 1492R (5'-TACGACTTAACCCCAATCGC-3'), and fungal universal primers ITS1 (5'-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGC-3') and ITS4 (5'-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3') were used to perform PCR amplification and sequencing of bacterial and fungal DNA. The sequences were compared with the NCBI database, and the types of different strains were determined based on the bacterial morphological characteristics.

[0032] (4) Compatibility test and ratio optimization: The antagonism and symbiotic ability of the strains were evaluated by the plate confrontation method and the mixed inoculation method, and the specific composting strains were further screened. The ratio of single strains in the composite microbial agent was adjusted to achieve synergistic effect, and the composite microbial agent composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus timonii, Bacillus brevis, Citrobacter ssemeri, Actinomycetes, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas balearicus, Trichoderma harzianum, and Trichoderma reesei was optimized;

[0033] (5) Preparation of microbial agents: Prepare bacterial, fungal, and actinomycete propagation culture media respectively, transfer the selected strains to the culture media for cultivation, and obtain a large number of microorganisms. When preparing liquid microbial agents, add the microorganisms to sterile water to prepare a bacterial solution, and adjust the effective viable count (CFU) to more than 100 million / mL; when preparing solid microbial agents, add the microorganisms to wheat bran, and adjust the effective viable count (CFU) to more than 50 million / g;

[0034] (6) Composting of agricultural and forestry waste: crush the agricultural and forestry waste, add 3‰ solid microbial agent according to the mass fraction ratio, adjust the moisture content to 65%, and then cover the pile with straw mats. Turn the pile once every 10 days, turn the pile twice in total, and ferment continuously for 30 days;

[0035] (7) Soil covering cultivation of red-stemmed bamboo fungus: The soil covering substrate was prepared according to the ratio of primary substrate: perlite: river sand = 5:4:1. The red-stemmed bamboo fungus was cultivated by covering the soil with mushroom sticks. The mycelium germinated normally and grew well.

[0036] Embodiment 2 The preparation of soilless culture medium and cultivation method of red bamboo fungus are as follows:

[0037] (1) Raw material preparation: corn stalks and cow dung materials were collected and crushed. The particle size of corn stalks was less than 3 cm, and the particle size of cow dung was less than 1 cm. The two were mixed in a ratio of corn stalks: cow dung = 2:8 to obtain raw materials;

[0038] (2) Compost substrate pretreatment: Mix 92% of raw materials, 1% brown sugar, 5% wheat bran, 1% lime and 1% urea and stir evenly. Then add water to the culture medium and pre-wet it for 1 day to allow the culture medium to fully absorb water until gravity-free water appears;

[0039] (3) Composting and fermentation: Add 3‰ solid microbial inoculant by mass volume ratio and adjust the water content to 65%. Cover the pile with straw mats, turn the pile every 10 days, turn the pile twice in total, and continue fermentation for 30 days to obtain the primary matrix;

[0040] (4) Preparation of organic ecological soilless cultivation substrate: Take the corresponding materials according to the ratio of primary substrate: perlite: river sand = 5:4:1, stir evenly, adjust the substrate moisture to 30-40%, and prepare the organic ecological soilless cultivation substrate. When adding water, add it in small amounts several times to avoid uneven agglomeration of the substrate.

[0041] (5) Soilless cultivation of red-stemmed bamboo fungus: Use a layered mushroom stick covered with soil to cultivate red-stemmed bamboo fungus. Evenly spread the organic ecological cultivation matrix on the surface of the bed, with a width of 50 cm and a thickness of about 10-15 cm. Remove the red-stemmed bamboo fungus sticks from the bags and place them on the matrix in two rows. Keep a 10 cm interval between the front and back and left and right of the bags, and the length depends on the site. Cover the mushroom sticks with the matrix again, with a thickness of about 3-5 cm, and the ridges are tile-like. Cover the ridges with black plastic film for mushroom cultivation.

[0042] (6) Post-management: After about 30 days of mycelium growth, they begin to emerge from the soil. Remove the black plastic film and cover with pine needles or coconut shreds. Control the soil moisture to about 30%, keep the air humidity above 70%, and maintain the air temperature at 20-25°C. After about 60 days, the mycelium buds begin to transform, and after about 90 days, the mycelium buds mature and produce mushrooms.

[0043] Embodiment 3: The preparation of soilless culture medium and cultivation method of red bamboo fungus are as follows:

[0044] (1) Raw material preparation: corn stalks, cow dung, and waste mushroom sticks are collected and crushed. The particle size of corn stalks and waste mushroom sticks is less than 3 cm, and the particle size of cow dung is less than 1 cm. The three are mixed in a ratio of corn stalks, cow dung, and waste mushroom sticks = 1:8:1 to obtain raw materials;

[0045] (2) Compost substrate pretreatment: Mix 92% of raw materials, 1% brown sugar, 5% wheat bran, 1% lime and 1% urea and stir evenly. Then add water to the culture medium and pre-wet it for 1 day to allow the culture medium to fully absorb water until gravity-free water appears;

[0046] (3) Composting and fermentation: Add 4‰ solid microbial inoculant by mass volume ratio and adjust the water content to 65%. Cover the pile with straw mats, turn the pile every 10 days, turn the pile twice in total, and continue fermentation for 30 days to obtain the primary matrix;

[0047] (4) Preparation of organic ecological soilless cultivation substrate: Measure the corresponding materials according to the ratio of primary substrate: vermiculite: river sand = 5:4:1, stir evenly, adjust the substrate moisture to 30-40%, and prepare the organic ecological soilless cultivation substrate. When adding water, add it in small amounts several times to avoid uneven agglomeration of the substrate.

[0048] (5) Soilless cultivation of red-stemmed bamboo fungus: Use a layered mushroom stick covered with soil to cultivate red-stemmed bamboo fungus. Evenly spread the organic ecological cultivation matrix on the surface of the bed, with a width of 50 cm and a thickness of about 10-15 cm. Remove the red-stemmed bamboo fungus sticks from the bags and place them on the matrix in two rows. Keep a 10 cm interval between the front and back and left and right of the bags, and the length depends on the site. Cover the mushroom sticks with the matrix again, with a thickness of about 3-5 cm, and the ridges are tile-like. Cover the ridges with black plastic film for mushroom cultivation.

[0049] (6) Post-management: After about 30 days of mycelium growth, they begin to emerge from the soil. Remove the black plastic film and cover with pine needles or coconut shreds. Control the soil moisture to about 30%, keep the air humidity above 70%, and maintain the air temperature at 20-25°C. After about 60 days, the mycelium buds begin to transform, and after about 90 days, the mycelium buds mature and produce mushrooms.

[0050] Example 4: The preparation of soilless culture medium and cultivation method of red bamboo fungus are as follows:

[0051] (1) Raw material preparation: corn stalks, cow dung, and waste mushroom sticks are collected and crushed. The particle size of corn stalks and waste mushroom sticks is less than 3 cm, and the particle size of cow dung is less than 1 cm. The three are mixed in a ratio of corn stalks, cow dung, and waste mushroom sticks = 1:1:8 to obtain raw materials;

[0052] (2) Compost substrate pretreatment: Mix 92% of raw materials, 1% brown sugar, 5% wheat bran, 1% lime and 1% urea and stir evenly. Then add water to the culture medium and pre-wet it for 1 day to allow the culture medium to fully absorb water until gravity-free water appears;

[0053] (3) Composting and fermentation: Add 4‰ solid microbial inoculant by mass volume ratio and adjust the water content to 65%. Cover the pile with straw mats, turn the pile every 10 days, turn the pile twice in total, and continue fermentation for 30 days to obtain the primary matrix;

[0054] (4) Preparation of organic ecological soilless cultivation substrate: Take the corresponding materials according to the ratio of primary substrate: sawdust: perlite: river sand = 5:1:3:1, stir evenly, adjust the substrate moisture to 30-40%, and prepare the organic ecological soilless cultivation substrate. When adding water, add it in small amounts several times to avoid uneven agglomeration of the substrate.

[0055] (5) Soilless cultivation of red-stemmed bamboo fungus: Use field mushroom sticks to cover soil for cultivation of red-stemmed bamboo fungus. Evenly spread the organic ecological cultivation matrix on the bed surface with a width of 50 cm and a thickness of about 10-15 cm. Remove the red-stemmed bamboo fungus sticks from the bags and place them on the matrix in two rows. Keep a 10 cm interval between the front and back and left and right of the bags. The length depends on the site. Cover the mushroom sticks with the matrix again. The thickness of the soil is about 3-5 cm. The ridges are in a tile-like shape. Cover the ridges with black plastic film for mushroom cultivation.

[0056] (6) Post-management: After about 30 days of mycelium growth, they begin to emerge from the soil. Remove the black plastic film and cover with pine needles or coconut shreds. Control the soil moisture to about 30%, keep the air humidity above 70%, and maintain the air temperature at 20-25°C. After about 60 days, the mycelium buds begin to transform, and after about 90 days, the mycelium buds mature and produce mushrooms.

[0057] Example 5: The preparation of soilless culture medium and cultivation method of red bamboo fungus are as follows:

[0058] (1) Raw material preparation: Cow dung and forestry residues are collected and crushed. The particle size of cow dung is less than 1 cm, and the particle size of forestry waste is less than 2 cm. The two are mixed in a ratio of cow dung: forestry residue = 2:8 to obtain raw materials;

[0059] (2) Compost substrate pretreatment: Mix 92% of raw materials, 1% brown sugar, 5% wheat bran, 1% lime and 1% urea and stir evenly. Then add water to the culture medium and pre-wet it for 1 day to allow the culture medium to fully absorb water until gravity-free water appears;

[0060] (3) Composting and fermentation: Add 5‰ solid microbial inoculant by mass volume ratio and adjust the water content to 65%. Cover the pile with straw mats, turn the pile every 10 days, turn the pile twice in total, and continue fermentation for 40 days to obtain the primary matrix;

[0061] (4) Preparation of organic ecological soilless cultivation substrate: Measure the corresponding materials according to the ratio of primary substrate: vermiculite: river sand = 5:4:1, stir evenly, adjust the substrate moisture to 30-40%, and prepare the organic ecological soilless cultivation substrate. When adding water, add it in small amounts several times to avoid uneven agglomeration of the substrate.

[0062] (5) Soilless cultivation of red-stemmed bamboo fungus: Use wood blocks under the forest to cover the soil for cultivation of red-stemmed bamboo fungus. Evenly spread the organic ecological cultivation substrate on the bed surface with a width of 50 cm and a thickness of about 10-15 cm. Spread a layer of wood blocks (length <10 cm, width <10 cm, thickness <3 cm) on the substrate with a thickness of about 10 cm. Break the red-stemmed bamboo fungus into about 3 cm pieces and evenly place them on the wood blocks with a spacing of 10-20 cm between the fungus pieces. Spread another layer of wood blocks on the fungus pieces with a thickness of about 10 cm. Then cover the soilless cultivation substrate with a thickness of 3-5 cm. The ridges are shingle-shaped and covered with black plastic film for fungus cultivation.

[0063] (6) Post-management: The mycelium germinates after about 10 days. After about 60 days of growth, the mycelium emerges from the soil. The plastic film is removed and covered with pine needles or coconut shreds. The mycelium buds begin to transform after about 90 days, and mature and produce mushrooms after about 120 days.

[0064] Comparative Example 1

[0065] Natural soil was used for covering, and other steps were the same as those in Example 1.

[0066] Combined with Example 2, Example 3, Example 4, Example 5 (Attached Figure 3 ), the mycelial growth rate and mycelial growth of red bamboo fungus in different soil covering substrates and environments are somewhat different, but the mycelia can all be smoothly germinated, grow well, the mycelia are thick, the mycelial bundles are normally twisted and converted into mushroom buds, the number of mushroom buds is large, and the mushroom yield is large. Further contrasting the traditional cultivation method (comparative example 1 uses natural soil), the results show that, for the same mushroom stick soil covering method, after the organic ecological soilless culture substrate is used for soil covering, the nutrients such as amino acids, crude polysaccharides, and proteins in the fruiting bodies of red bamboo fungus are significantly increased (see Table 1). At the same time, the heavy metal indicators such as lead, cadmium, and mercury in the fruiting body are significantly reduced, and the content of lead is not even detected (see Table 2). In summary, the organic ecological soilless culture substrate is suitable for the soil covering cultivation of red bamboo fungus, which not only improves its nutrients, but also reduces the limit indicators such as heavy metals, thereby effectively improving the quality of red bamboo fungus.

[0067] Table 1 Changes in the main nutrients in the fruiting bodies of Dictyophora rubra

[0068]

[0069] Table 2 Heavy metal contents in fruiting bodies of Dictyophora rubra

[0070]

[0071] Finally, it should be pointed out that the above embodiments are only representative examples of the present invention. Obviously, the technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and there are many variations. All variations that can be directly derived or associated with the content disclosed by ordinary technicians in this field should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an organic ecological soilless culture medium for Dictyophora rubra, characterized in that: The agricultural and forestry waste is converted into a primary matrix by biocomposting technology, and is prepared by adding auxiliary materials; the agricultural and forestry waste is converted into a primary matrix by biocomposting technology, and specifically comprises the following steps: (1) Selection of composting agents: The agents used are composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus timonii, Bacillus pumilus, Citrobacter sesquiteriensis, Actinomycetes, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas balearicus, Trichoderma harzianum, and Trichoderma reesei. The effective viable bacterial count (CFU) per gram or milliliter of the agent is ≥10 8 ; (2) Collection of agricultural and forestry waste resources: Collect one or more agricultural and forestry waste resources such as crop straw, forestry residues, livestock and poultry manure, and organic household waste, crush and pre-treat them according to the properties of the raw materials and fermentation characteristics to obtain raw materials; (3) Composting and maturation: Add wheat bran, sawdust and lime as composting auxiliary materials, as well as 1‰-5‰ microbial agent to the raw materials, stir evenly and adjust the moisture content to 60-65%; build a pile with a width of 1.5-2m, a height of 1.5-2m, and a length according to the site; cover the pile with straw mats for fermentation, turn the pile every 10 days, turn the pile 2-3 times, and ferment for 30-50 days until the materials are mature and air-dried to obtain the primary substrate.

2. The method for preparing the organic ecological soilless culture medium of Dictyophora rubra according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pretreatment is to crush the agricultural and forestry wastes, wherein the particle size of crop straw, forestry residues, and organic household garbage is less than 3mm, and the particle size of livestock and poultry manure is less than 1mm.

3. The method for preparing the organic ecological soilless culture medium of Dictyophora rubra according to claim 1, characterized in that: The primary matrix is ​​mixed with auxiliary materials to prepare an organic ecological soilless cultivation matrix, specifically, the primary matrix: perlite or vermiculite: river sand = (5-6): (3-4): 1 is prepared to obtain the organic ecological soilless cultivation matrix.

4. The method for preparing the organic ecological soilless culture medium of Dictyophora rubra according to claim 1, characterized in that: The primary matrix is ​​mixed with auxiliary materials to prepare an organic ecological soilless cultivation matrix, specifically, the primary matrix: sawdust: perlite or vermiculite: river sand = (5-6): (1-2): 3: 1 is prepared to obtain the organic ecological soilless cultivation matrix.

5. The organic ecological soilless cultivation substrate for Dictyophora rubraefolia prepared by the method for preparing the organic ecological soilless cultivation substrate for Dictyophora rubraefolia according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. Use of the organic ecological soilless culture medium for Dictyophora rubra according to claim 5 in the cultivation of Dictyophora rubra.

7. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that: Specifically, the soilless culture matrix is ​​used for soil covering culture of red stem fungus.

8. A method for cultivating Dictyophora rubra, characterized in that: The organic ecological soilless cultivation substrate of red-sprung bamboo fungus prepared by the method for preparing the organic ecological soilless cultivation substrate of red-sprung bamboo fungus described in any one of claims 1 to 4 is used to replace conventional soil covering materials for soil covering.

9. The cultivation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: (1) Soilless cultivation of red stem bamboo fungus: The cultivation of red stem bamboo fungus adopts soil covering or wood block covering, and is cultivated in a layered manner, under the forest or in the field; (2) Post-management: After about 20-40 days of cultivation, the mycelium will emerge from the soil. At this time, remove the plastic film and cover with pine needles or coconut shreds. Control the soil moisture at 20-40%, keep the air humidity above 70%, and maintain the air temperature at 20-25℃. After 50-70 days, the mycelium buds will begin to transform, and after 80-100 days, the mycelium buds will mature and produce mushrooms.

10. The cultivation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: When the layer-shelf mushroom sticks are cultivated by covering the soil, the organic ecological cultivation substrate is evenly spread on the bed surface with a width of 50 cm and a thickness of about 10-15 cm; the red bamboo fungus sticks are taken out of the bags and placed on the substrate in two rows, and the mushroom bags are kept at a 10 cm interval front and back and left and right, and the length is determined according to the site; the mushroom sticks are covered with the substrate again, the thickness of the soil is about 3-5 cm, the ridges are in a tile-like shape, and the ridges are covered with black plastic film for mushroom cultivation; the field cultivation method is the same as the layer-shelf cultivation.

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