Grape bonsai cultivation method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant bonsai cultivation, and particularly discloses a grape bonsai cultivation method which comprises the following steps: S1, soil preparation: preparing soil one month in advance, ensuring decomposition of fertilizer and stability of nutritional ingredients in the soil in the period, and selecting soil which is good in drainage and rich in organic matters as the soil; s2, performing open field cuttage, inserting the cuttings into soil, and keeping proper humidity and temperature to promote rooting of the cuttings; s3, cultivation management, wherein healthy growth of plants is guaranteed through soil management, moisture management, pest control and weed control; s4, potting and shaping: shaping and pruning according to the growth habits of the grapes so as to maintain the attractiveness and health of the grapes; according to the method, different prevention and control means are adopted for disease and pest prevention and control in the pompon stage, the 2-3 leaf stage, the inflorescence separation stage, the early flowering stage, the early flowering stage and the stage after flowering for 15 days, so that disease and pest prevention and control of grapes are achieved, and the disease and pest problems in the grape bonsai can be effectively controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant bonsai cultivation, in particular to a grape bonsai cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] In addition to large-scale vineyards, most grapes are planted alone in courtyards or communities, and made into grape racks. The green leaves are shady, and the purple grapes are dotted on the branches. It is very pleasant to rest under them in summer. In autumn, when the grapes are ripe, you can pick a bunch to taste and enjoy the taste of the harvest, which is intoxicating. Grapes are woody vines with exposed rhizomes, old trunks with mottled and rugged shapes, twisted and changeable, branches climbing everywhere, green leaves swaying, and fruits crystal clear. They have high ornamental value. Therefore, some bonsai enthusiasts use grapes to make bonsai, creating an elegant and simple artistic conception of ancient trees swaying in pots that are less than a foot wide.

[0003] However, the current grape bonsai cultivation process places too much emphasis on its combination configuration technology and modeling technology, which easily leads to the neglect of bonsai disease and insect control, making it difficult to achieve a balance between the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the grapes, affecting the healthy growth and fruiting of the grapes. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a grape bonsai cultivation method to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for cultivating grape bonsai, comprising the following steps: S1. Soil preparation: Prepare the soil one month in advance. During this period, ensure that the fertilizer in the soil is decomposed and the nutrients are stable. The soil should be well-drained and rich in organic matter.

[0006] S2. Open-field cuttings: insert the cuttings into the soil and maintain appropriate humidity and temperature to promote rooting.

[0007] S3. Cultivation and management: ensure healthy plant growth through soil management, water management, pest and disease control, and weed control.

[0008] S4. Potting and shaping: According to the growth habits of the grapes, appropriate shaping and pruning should be carried out to maintain their beauty and health.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the soil is mixed with garden soil, leaf mold and coarse sand in a certain proportion, and the percentages of garden soil, leaf mold and coarse sand are 40% garden soil, 40% leaf mold and 20% coarse sand; 50 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1 kg of superphosphate and 1 kg of potassium sulfate should also be added to each cubic meter of soil, and these fertilizers can provide the required nutrients for the grape plants; the prepared soil is disinfected before filling into the pot to reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests; the disinfection adopts soil disinfectant or steam disinfection method; the disinfected soil can be potted after waiting for the disinfectant to dissipate.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the open-field cutting includes selecting cuttings, treating the cuttings, and treating the soil; The cuttings are selected from new branches that have become lignified for cuttings, as such branches have a strong germination ability; the cuttings must be free of diseases and insect pests, and cut into small sections of 20-30 cm in length, with the upper ends cut flat and the bottoms cut obliquely; note that the top two leaves should be retained during pruning, and all the remaining leaves should be removed to avoid nutrient consumption of the cuttings and to ensure that the buds are not damaged; The cuttings treatment may include soaking the bottom of the cuttings in growing water before cuttings are carried out, which may promote faster rooting of the cuttings; Soil treatment: Before cutting, the soil needs to be properly treated. The plot should be deep-turned and made into a ridge about one meter wide; the soil should be loose and well-drained.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the soil management can increase the air permeability of the soil by deep plowing, and at the same time, fertilize the soil to supplement the nutrients in the soil; The water management mentioned above includes timely irrigation during dry periods and good drainage during the rainy season to prevent water accumulation and root rot of crops; The pest control is carried out by controlling pests and diseases in the pompom stage, 2-3 leaf stage, inflorescence separation stage, pre-flowering stage, early flowering stage and 15 days after flowering; The weed control is carried out by manual weeding or using selective herbicides to reduce the impact of weeds on crop growth.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the garden is cleaned before the pest control, and the dead branches and leaves are cleaned up in time after pruning and burned in a centralized manner, and then 5 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture is sprayed throughout the garden to reduce the base number of overwintering pests and diseases by 1; The control during the pompom stage is to clean and disinfect the garden during the pompom stage. For facility cultivation, cintamidine acetate can be used, and for open field cultivation, lime sulfur mixture can be used to prevent various insect pests and diseases. During the 2-3 leaf stage, the focus is on cleaning and disinfecting the garden to reduce the number of pathogens and pay attention to the prevention and control of early spring green stink bugs. You can use a mixture of 1000 times polyoxin + 3000 times thiamethoxam + 2000 times boron; In the inflorescence separation period, in the facility shed, focus on the prevention of gray mold and powdery mildew. You can also use a mixture of 1000 times polyoxin + 3000 times thiamethoxam + 2000 times boron; Pre-flowering control: The main targets of control during this period are gray mold, thrips and mites during flowering. A mixture of 1500 times of boscalid + 1500 times of oxadiazine (this drug can be omitted if it is sheltered from rain or there is no downy mildew) + 1000 times of spinetoram can be used; In the early stage of flowering, focus on the prevention of downy mildew, anthracnose and powdery mildew. You can use a mixture of 1500 times pyraclostrobin and 1000 times dinotefuran. Prevention and control should be carried out 15 days after flowering. At this time, powdery mildew and anthracnose should be prevented. A mixture of 2000 times of fenpropimorph + 3000 times of high-efficiency chlorfenapyr can be used.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the potting and shaping includes potting, shaping and pruning; Potting: Take the cultivated grape seedlings out of the ground or flower pots, cut off part of the roots, and then transplant them into new pots suitable for grape growth; the size of the pot should be selected according to the size of the seedlings and their growth requirements, ensuring that there is enough space for the roots to develop; Shaping is an important part of grape bonsai, and its purpose is to cultivate a tree shape with aesthetic value. Shaping methods include tying and pruning. According to personal aesthetics and the natural form of the plant, you can choose a single-trunk type, double-trunk type, multi-trunk type, umbrella-shaped, or fan-shaped tree shape. During the shaping process, pay attention to maintaining the balance and symmetry of the plant, while leaving enough space for the branches and leaves to grow.

[0014] Pruning is part of plastic surgery and is also an important means to maintain the beauty and health of grape bonsai. The purpose of pruning is to remove diseased and weak branches, overcrowded branches and overgrown branches, promote air circulation and light, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests. When pruning, pay attention to smooth cuts to avoid damaging the plants.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The invention adopts different prevention and control measures to control diseases and insects in each period, including the pompom stage, the 2-3 leaf stage, the inflorescence separation stage, the pre-flowering stage, the early flowering stage and the period 15 days after flowering, and adjusts the grapes through appropriate pruning, fertilizing and other methods to ensure the healthy growth and fruiting of the grapes, thereby achieving the disease and insect control of the grapes, effectively controlling the disease and insect pest problems in the grape bonsai, ensuring the healthy growth of the grapes and improving the quality of the fruit trees. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: a method for cultivating grape bonsai, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Soil preparation: Prepare the soil one month in advance. During this period, ensure that the fertilizer in the soil is decomposed and the nutrients are stable. Choose soil that is well-drained and rich in organic matter.

[0019] The soil is mixed with garden soil, leaf mold and coarse sand in a certain proportion, with the percentages of garden soil, leaf mold and coarse sand being 40% garden soil, 40% leaf mold and 20% coarse sand; 50 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1 kg of superphosphate and 1 kg of potassium sulfate should also be added to each cubic meter of soil. These fertilizers can provide the required nutrients for the grape plants; the prepared soil should be disinfected before being filled into pots to reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests; disinfection is carried out using soil disinfectants or steam disinfection methods; the disinfected soil can be potted after the disinfectant has dissipated.

[0020] Step 2: Open-field cuttings: insert the cuttings into the soil and maintain appropriate humidity and temperature to promote rooting.

[0021] Open-field cuttings include selecting cuttings, processing cuttings, and soil treatment.

[0022] When choosing cuttings, choose new branches that have become woody for cuttings. Such branches have a stronger germination ability. The cuttings must be free of diseases and pests, and cut into small sections of 20-30 cm in length, with the top cut flat and the bottom cut obliquely. Be careful to keep the top two leaves when pruning, and remove all the other leaves to avoid nutrient consumption of the cuttings, while ensuring that the buds are not damaged.

[0023] For cutting processing, before cutting, you can soak the bottom of the cutting in growing water. This will encourage the cutting to take root faster.

[0024] Soil treatment: Before cutting, the soil needs to be properly treated. Deeply plow the land and make a ridge about one meter wide; the soil should be loose and well-drained.

[0025] Step three: Cultivation and management: ensure healthy plant growth through soil management, water management, pest and disease control, and weed control.

[0026] Soil management, through deep plowing can increase soil permeability, while soil fertilization can be carried out to replenish nutrients in the soil.

[0027] Water management, timely irrigation during dry periods, and good drainage during the rainy season to prevent water accumulation and root rot of crops.

[0028] Pest and disease control is carried out during the pompom stage, 2-3 leaf stage, inflorescence separation stage, pre-flowering stage, early flowering stage and 15 days after flowering.

[0029] Weed control, by manual weeding or the use of selective herbicides, reduces the impact of weeds on crop growth.

[0030] Before pest control, the garden should be cleaned up, and after pruning, the dead branches and leaves should be cleaned up in time and burned in a centralized manner. Then, 5 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture should be sprayed throughout the garden to reduce the base number of overwintering pests and diseases by 1.

[0031] For prevention and control during the pompom stage, the garden should be cleaned and disinfected. For facility cultivation, cinnamyl acetate can be used, and for open field cultivation, lime sulfur mixture can be used to prevent various pests and diseases.

[0032] For prevention and control during the 2-3 leaf stage, the focus during this period is to clean and disinfect the garden, reduce the base number of pathogens, and pay attention to the prevention and control of early spring green stink bugs. You can use a mixture of 1000 times polyoxin + 3000 times thiamethoxam + 2000 times boron.

[0033] For control during the inflorescence separation period, in the facility shed, focus on preventing gray mold and powdery mildew. You can also use a mixture of 1000 times polyoxin + 3000 times thiamethoxam + 2000 times boron.

[0034] Prevention and control in the early stage of flowering. The main targets of prevention and control during this period are gray mold, thrips and mites during flowering. You can use a mixture of 1500 times of boscalid + 1500 times of oxadiazine (this drug can be omitted if you are avoiding rain or there is no downy mildew) + 1000 times of spinetoram.

[0035] In the early stage of flowering, focus on preventing downy mildew, anthracnose and powdery mildew. A mixture of 1500 times of pyraclostrobin and 1000 times of dinotefuran can be used.

[0036] Prevention and control should be carried out 15 days after flowering. At this time, powdery mildew and anthracnose should be prevented. A mixture of 2000 times of fenpropimorph + 3000 times of high-efficiency chlorfenapyr can be used.

[0037] Step 4: Potting and shaping. According to the growth habits of the grapes, appropriate shaping and pruning should be carried out to maintain their beauty and health.

[0038] Potting and shaping include potting, shaping and pruning.

[0039] Potting: Take the cultivated grape seedlings out of the ground or flowerpots, cut off part of the roots, and then transplant them into new pots suitable for grape growth; the size of the pot should be selected according to the size of the seedlings and their growth needs to ensure that there is enough space for the roots to develop.

[0040] Shaping is an important part of grape bonsai, and its purpose is to cultivate a tree shape with aesthetic value. Shaping methods include tying and pruning. According to personal aesthetics and the natural form of the plant, you can choose a single-trunk type, double-trunk type, multi-trunk type, umbrella-shaped, or fan-shaped tree shape. During the shaping process, pay attention to maintaining the balance and symmetry of the plant, while leaving enough space for the branches and leaves to grow.

[0041] Pruning is part of plastic surgery and is also an important means to maintain the beauty and health of grape bonsai. The purpose of pruning is to remove diseased and weak branches, overcrowded branches and overgrown branches, promote air circulation and light, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests. When pruning, pay attention to smooth cuts to avoid damaging the plants.

[0042] In summary, the amount of soil filled in each pot of the present invention should be determined according to the size of the pot and the size of the grape plant, and generally 2 to 3 cm of space is left on the upper edge of the pot to facilitate fertilization and watering. Through the open-field cutting method, the grape cuttings can take root and grow better, laying a good foundation for the subsequent management of the grape bonsai. Refined cultivation management requires flexible adjustment of management measures according to the specific growth conditions and environmental conditions of the crops to achieve the best planting effect. Through the above-mentioned pest control measures, the pest and disease problems in the grape bonsai can be effectively controlled to ensure the healthy growth of the grapes and improve the quality of the fruit. Through potting and shaping, the grape bonsai can be made both beautiful and healthy, and also conducive to the growth of the fruit.

[0043] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating grape bonsai, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Soil preparation: Prepare the soil one month in advance to ensure that the fertilizer in the soil is decomposed and the nutrients are stable. The soil should be well-drained and rich in organic matter. S2, open-field cuttings, insert the cuttings into the soil, maintain appropriate humidity and temperature to promote rooting; S3, cultivation management, ensuring healthy plant growth through soil management, water management, pest and disease control, and weed control; S4. Potting and shaping: According to the growth habits of the grapes, appropriate shaping and pruning should be carried out to maintain their beauty and health.

2. A grape bonsai cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil is mixed with garden soil, leaf mold and coarse sand in a certain proportion, and the percentages of garden soil, leaf mold and coarse sand are 40% garden soil, 40% leaf mold and 20% coarse sand; 50 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1 kg of superphosphate and 1 kg of potassium sulfate should also be added to each cubic meter of soil, and these fertilizers can provide the required nutrients for the grape plants; the prepared soil is disinfected before filling into the pot to reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests; the disinfection is carried out using soil disinfectants or steam disinfection methods; the disinfected soil can be potted after the disinfectant dissipates.

3. A grape bonsai cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The open-field cutting includes selecting cuttings, processing cuttings, and processing soil; The cuttings are selected from new branches that have become lignified for cuttings, as such branches have a strong germination ability; the cuttings must be free of diseases and insect pests, and cut into small sections of 20-30 cm in length, with the upper ends cut flat and the bottoms cut obliquely; note that the top two leaves should be retained during pruning, and all the remaining leaves should be removed to avoid nutrient consumption of the cuttings and to ensure that the buds are not damaged; The cuttings treatment may include soaking the bottom of the cuttings in growing water before cuttings are carried out, which may promote faster rooting of the cuttings; Soil treatment: Before cutting, the soil needs to be properly treated; the land should be deeply plowed and made into ridges about one meter wide; the soil should be loose and well-drained.

4. A grape bonsai cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil management can increase the air permeability of the soil by deep plowing, and at the same time, fertilize the soil to supplement the nutrients in the soil; The water management mentioned above includes timely irrigation during dry periods and good drainage during the rainy season to prevent water accumulation and root rot of crops; The pest control is carried out by controlling pests and diseases in the pompom stage, 2-3 leaf stage, inflorescence separation stage, pre-flowering stage, early flowering stage and 15 days after flowering; The weed control is carried out by manual weeding or using selective herbicides to reduce the impact of weeds on crop growth.

5. A grape bonsai cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Before the pest control, the garden is cleaned, and after pruning, the dead branches and leaves are cleaned up in time and burned in a centralized manner. Then, 5 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture is sprayed throughout the garden to reduce the base number of overwintering pests and diseases by 1; The control during the pompom stage is to clean and disinfect the garden during the pompom stage. For facility cultivation, cintamidine acetate can be used, and for open field cultivation, lime sulfur mixture can be used to prevent various insect pests and diseases. The control at the 2-3 leaf stage focuses on cleaning and disinfecting the garden, reducing the pathogen base number, and paying attention to the control of early spring green stink bugs. A mixture of 1000 times of polyoxin + 3000 times of thiamethoxam + 2000 times of boron can be used; The inflorescence separation period control, in the facility shed, focuses on the control of gray mold and powdery mildew, and can also use a mixture of 1000 times of polyoxin + 3000 times of thiamethoxam + 2000 times of boron; The control in the early flowering period is mainly for gray mold, thrips and mites during flowering period. A mixture of 1500 times of boscalid + 1500 times of dimethomorph (if it is rainproof or there is no downy mildew, this drug can be omitted) + 1000 times of spinetoram can be used; The control in the early flowering stage focuses on the prevention of downy mildew, anthracnose and powdery mildew, and a mixture of 1500 times of pyraclostrobin and 1000 times of dinotefuran can be used; The control is carried out 15 days after flowering. At this time, powdery mildew and anthracnose should be prevented. A mixture of 2000 times of fenpropimorph + 3000 times of high-efficiency chlorflucythrinate can be used.

6. A grape bonsai cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The potting and shaping include potting, shaping and pruning; Potting: Take the cultivated grape seedlings out of the ground or flower pots, cut off part of the roots, and then transplant them into new pots suitable for grape growth; the size of the pot should be selected according to the size of the seedlings and their growth requirements, ensuring that there is enough space for the roots to develop; Shaping is an important part of grape bonsai, and its purpose is to cultivate a tree shape with aesthetic value; shaping methods include tying and pruning; according to personal aesthetics and the natural form of the plant, you can choose a single-trunk type, double-trunk type, multi-trunk type, umbrella-shaped, or fan-shaped tree shape; during the shaping process, pay attention to maintaining the balance and symmetry of the plant, while leaving enough space for the branches and leaves to grow; Pruning is part of plastic surgery and is also an important means to maintain the beauty and health of grape bonsai. The purpose of pruning is to remove diseased and weak branches, overcrowded branches and overgrown branches, promote air circulation and light, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests. When pruning, pay attention to smooth cuts to avoid damaging the plants.

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