Fungus material culture method of armillaria mellea for artificial cultivation of gastrodia elata

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fungus material culture, and particularly discloses a fungus material culture method of armillaria mellea for artificial cultivation of gastrodia elata, which comprises the steps of fungus material selection, culture medium preparation, inoculation, culture shelf arrangement, environment arrangement, harvesting and gastrodia elata planting. According to the method, hard and corrosion-resistant broad-leaved tree species are selected as the fungus material, a composite culture medium formula is adopted, namely, the advantages of a liquid culture medium and a solid culture medium are combined, comprehensive and balanced nutrition support is provided for growth of armillaria mellea, the culture efficiency and quality of the fungus material are improved, meanwhile, the proportion of the formula of the culture medium is designed, and the culture cost is reduced. The water content and the pH value of the culture medium are controlled, favorable growth environment conditions are created for growth of armillaria mellea, meanwhile, a syringe or an inoculating loop for high-pressure steam sterilization effectively prevents contamination of infectious microbes, and the success rate of inoculation and the purity of hyphae are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of mushroom material cultivation, and in particular relates to a mushroom material cultivation method for artificially cultivating Gastrodia elata. Background Art

[0002] Gastrodia elata, as a precious Chinese medicinal material, has attracted much attention due to its unique medicinal value. In the natural environment, the growth of Gastrodia elata depends on the symbiotic relationship with Armillaria fasciata, which is an important partner in the growth process of Gastrodia elata and provides it with necessary nutrition and support. However, the resources of wild Gastrodia elata are limited, and its production is difficult to meet market demand due to various factors such as the growth environment and climatic conditions. Therefore, artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata has become an effective way to solve this problem.

[0003] In the process of artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata, the cultivation of fungus materials is a crucial link. Traditional fungus material cultivation methods often have problems such as long cultivation cycle, low efficiency, and susceptibility to contamination by foreign bacteria, which seriously affects the yield and quality of Gastrodia elata. In particular, the lack of scientificity and systematicity in the selection of fungus materials leads to poor symbiosis between fungus materials and Armillaria fasciata, which in turn affects the growth and development of Gastrodia elata.

[0004] In addition, the configuration of the culture medium is also one of the key factors affecting the culture effect of the fungus material. The traditional culture medium formula is often relatively simple, and the nutrients are not comprehensive enough to meet the various needs of the growth of Amphiprion. At the same time, in the process of configuring the culture medium, there is a lack of precise control methods, which makes it difficult for key parameters such as the water content and pH value of the culture medium to reach the optimal state, which in turn affects the growth of mycelium and the quality of the fungus material. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating a fungus material of Armillaria chelidonii for artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for cultivating fungus materials for artificially cultivating Gastrodia elata comprises the following steps:

[0008] The bacterial material culture comprises a liquid culture medium and a solid culture medium. The liquid culture medium comprises the following culture raw materials in percentage: 40% potato extract, 20% hard miscellaneous sawdust, 10% wheat bran powder, 6% cornmeal powder, 4% glucose, 0.6% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2% magnesium sulfate, 0.4% peptone, 0.02% vitamin B1 (VB1), and the remainder is water. The solid culture medium comprises the following culture raw materials in percentage: 60% sawdust, 20% corncobs, 15% wheat bran, 5% soybean meal, 2% glucose, 1% sucrose, 1% gypsum, 0.5% quicklime, and 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0009] Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:

[0010] For the selection of fungus materials, choose hard and rot-resistant broad-leaved trees, cut them after the leaves fall and before the new buds sprout, cut the felled trunks into small sections of about 50-60 cm, keep the bark intact and do not split it, soak the wood in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes to disinfect the surface, and after drying, cut a fish scale hole every 5-7 cm on the epidermis of each section of wood, 3-5 mm deep into the wood, to facilitate the infection of the cord fungus;

[0011] Culture medium configuration: Mix sawdust, corn cobs, wheat bran and soybean meal in proportion to ensure that all raw materials are fully mixed. Dissolve glucose, sucrose, gypsum, quicklime and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in an appropriate amount of water to form a uniform solution. Pour the dissolved auxiliary material solution into the raw material mixture and stir it thoroughly. At this time, test the water content of the culture medium to keep the water content of the culture medium at 60% to 65% and the pH value at 5.5 to 6.5.

[0012] Inoculation: Under sterile conditions, put the optimized solid culture medium into a syringe or inoculation loop, and evenly apply the solid culture medium to the fish scales of the wood.

[0013] Cultivation rack setup: Place the inoculated wood on an indoor cultivation rack, keeping a distance of about 10-12 cm between each layer to promote air circulation and uniform heating.

[0014] Environmental settings: Keep the temperature of the culture room at 25±2℃, the humidity at 65%-75%, and provide an appropriate amount of scattered light. According to the growth of mycelium, regularly spray the optimized liquid culture medium on the wood surface to provide necessary nutrients and water. Turn the pile every 7-10 days to check the growth of mycelium and remove the wood infected with bacteria in time.

[0015] Harvest: When the mycelium grows all over the wood and dense mycelium appears, place the cultured wood in a cool and ventilated place for storage and use when planting Gastrodia elata;

[0016] Gastrodia elata cultivation: Plant the mushroom material together with Gastrodia elata seeds in suitable soil and manage it according to the cultivation requirements of Gastrodia elata.

[0017] Preferably, the broad-leaved tree species include but are not limited to chestnut, birch, poplar, and elm.

[0018] Preferably, the potato extract is obtained by peeling and slicing potatoes, boiling them, and then filtering to remove solid residues.

[0019] Preferably, the liquid culture medium is prepared by uniformly mixing hard sawdust, wheat bran and cornmeal in proportion, mixing potato extract, glucose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, peptone, vitamin B1 and water, heating to dissolve and stirring evenly, and then stirring the two mixtures.

[0020] Preferably, the inoculation syringe or inoculation loop is sterilized by high pressure steam.

[0021] Preferably, the mycelium growth inspection includes recording mycelium growth rate, color, and morphological changes so as to promptly detect and handle abnormal situations.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The present invention selects hard and rot-resistant broad-leaved tree species as fungus materials, adopts a composite culture medium formula, that is, combines the advantages of liquid culture medium and solid culture medium, provides comprehensive and balanced nutritional support for the growth of Amphiprion, and improves the culture efficiency and quality of fungus materials.

[0024] The invention designs the proportion of the culture medium formula, controls the water content and pH value of the culture medium, creates environmental conditions for the growth of Amphiprion, and the high-pressure steam sterilized syringe or inoculation loop effectively prevents the contamination of miscellaneous bacteria, thereby improving the success rate of inoculation and the purity of mycelium.

[0025] At the same time, regular inspection and recording of the growth of mycelium, including the growth rate, color and morphological changes of mycelium, etc., is helpful to timely discover and deal with abnormal conditions and ensure the healthy growth of mycelium. By regularly turning the pile and spraying the optimized liquid culture medium, continuous nutrition and water support is provided for the mycelium, further promoting the cultivation effect of the mushroom material, and using the mushroom material cultivated by the present invention to cultivate Gastrodia elata, the yield and quality of Gastrodia elata are improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Embodiment 1:

[0029] See also Figure 1 As shown, a method for cultivating the fungus material of Gastrodia elata for artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata:

[0030] Selection and processing of fungus materials

[0031] Selection of tree species: Choose hard and decay-resistant birch as the fungus material because its wood is moderate and easy to be infected by Corynebacterium foetida.

[0032] Felling and treatment: After the birch leaves fall and before the new buds sprout, cut the trunk and cut it into small sections of about 55 cm. Keep the bark intact and do not split it to increase the infection area.

[0033] Disinfection and drying: Soak the wood in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes for surface disinfection, then dry it until there is no moisture on the surface.

[0034] Cut fish scales: Cut a fish scale every 6 cm on the epidermis of each piece of wood, 4 mm deep in the wood, to prevent the infection of the fungus.

[0035] Culture medium configuration

[0036] Liquid medium:

[0037] Raw material ratio: potato extract 40% (obtained by peeling, slicing, boiling and filtering potatoes), hard wood chips 20%, wheat bran powder 10%, corn flour powder 6%, glucose 4%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.6%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%, peptone 0.4%, vitamin B1 (VB1) 0.02%, and the rest is water.

[0038] Preparation method: Mix hard sawdust, wheat bran and cornmeal in proportion. Mix potato extract, glucose and other water-soluble ingredients, heat to dissolve and stir evenly, then pour into the solid mixture and stir evenly again.

[0039] Solid medium:

[0040] Raw material ratio: wood chips 60%, corn cobs 20%, wheat bran 15%, soybean meal 5%, glucose 2%, sucrose 1%, gypsum 1%, quicklime 0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5%.

[0041] Preparation method: Mix sawdust, corn cobs, wheat bran and soybean meal evenly. Dissolve water-soluble ingredients such as glucose and sucrose in an appropriate amount of water to form a uniform solution, pour it into the raw material mixture, stir it thoroughly, keep the water content of the culture medium at 60%, and adjust the pH value to 5.5.

[0042] Vaccination

[0043] Preparation of inoculation tools: Use a syringe or inoculation loop sterilized by high-pressure steam.

[0044] Inoculation operation: Under sterile conditions, load the optimized solid culture medium into a syringe or inoculation loop and evenly apply it to the fish scale openings of the wood, ensuring that each fish scale opening is sufficiently covered with the culture medium.

[0045] Culture rack setup and environmental control

[0046] Cultivation rack setup: Place the inoculated wood on the indoor cultivation rack, keeping a distance of 10 cm between each layer to promote air circulation and uniform heating.

[0047] Environmental control: The temperature of the culture room is controlled at 26℃, the humidity is maintained at 70%, and an appropriate amount of diffuse light is provided. The optimized liquid culture medium is sprayed on the wood surface regularly to provide the necessary nutrients and moisture.

[0048] Mycelium Growth Management and Harvesting

[0049] Mycelium growth management: Turn the pile every 7 days, check the mycelium growth, and record the mycelium growth rate, color and morphological changes. Remove wood infected with fungi in time to ensure the pure growth of mycelium.

[0050] Harvest: When the mycelium has grown all over the wood and dense mycelium cords appear, move the cultured wood to a cool and ventilated place for storage and use when planting Gastrodia elata.

[0051] Gastrodia elata cultivation

[0052] Planting preparation: Choose suitable soil and plant the mushroom material and Gastrodia elata seeds in the soil together.

[0053] Planting management: Manage according to the planting requirements of Gastrodia elata, including watering, fertilizing, weeding, etc., until the Gastrodia elata is mature and harvested.

[0054] Embodiment 2:

[0055] Preparation and processing of mushroom materials

[0056] Choose tree species: Poplar is selected as the fungus material because it grows quickly, has moderate wood quality, and is easy to obtain.

[0057] Felling and cutting: Felling is carried out in winter after the poplar leaves have fallen, and the trunk is cut into small sections of about 60 cm in length, ensuring that the bark of each section is intact without cracks or damage.

[0058] Disinfection: Soak the wood in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes to disinfect the surface, then dry it until there is no moisture on the surface to reduce contamination by miscellaneous bacteria.

[0059] Cut fish scale holes: Cut a fish scale hole every 5 cm on the epidermis of each piece of wood, 3 mm deep in the wood, to provide a channel for the infection of the Mycelium.

[0060] Culture medium configuration

[0061] Liquid medium:

[0062] Raw materials: potato extract 40% (obtained by peeling, slicing, boiling and filtering fresh potatoes), hard wood chips 20%, wheat bran powder 10%, cornmeal powder 6%, glucose 4%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.6%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%, peptone 0.4%, vitamin B1 (VB1) 0.02%, and the balance is water.

[0063] Preparation: Mix hard sawdust, wheat bran powder and cornmeal powder evenly. Dissolve potato extract, glucose and other water-soluble ingredients in water, heat until completely dissolved, pour into the solid mixture, stir evenly to obtain a liquid culture medium.

[0064] Solid medium:

[0065] Raw materials: wood chips 60%, corn cobs 20%, wheat bran 15%, soybean meal 5%, glucose 2%, sucrose 1%, gypsum 1%, quicklime 0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5%.

[0066] Preparation: Mix sawdust, corncobs, wheat bran and soybean meal evenly. Dissolve glucose, sucrose, gypsum, quicklime and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in appropriate amount of water to form a uniform solution, then pour it into the raw material mixture, stir thoroughly, and adjust the water content to 65% and the pH value to 6.0.

[0067] Inoculation and cultivation

[0068] Inoculation tools: Use an inoculation loop sterilized by high-pressure steam for inoculation.

[0069] Inoculation operation: Under sterile conditions, put the solid culture medium into the inoculation loop and evenly apply it to the fish scale openings of the wood, ensuring that each fish scale opening is covered with the culture medium.

[0070] Cultivation rack setup: Place the inoculated wood on the indoor cultivation rack, keeping a distance of 12 cm between each layer to promote air circulation.

[0071] Environmental control: The temperature of the culture room is maintained at 25℃, the humidity is maintained at 75%, and an appropriate amount of diffuse light is provided. Liquid culture medium is sprayed on the wood surface regularly to provide necessary nutrients and moisture.

[0072] Mycelium Growth Management and Harvesting

[0073] Mycelium growth management: Turn the pile every 10 days, check the mycelium growth, and record the mycelium growth rate, color, and morphological changes. If any bacteria contamination is found, remove and dispose of it in time.

[0074] Harvest: When the mycelium grows all over the wood and dense mycelium appears, it means that the mushroom material is successfully cultivated. Move the cultivated mushroom material to a cool and ventilated place for storage and use when planting Gastrodia elata.

[0075] Gastrodia elata planting and subsequent management

[0076] Planting preparation: Choose suitable soil, plant the mushroom material and Gastrodia elata seeds together in the soil, and ensure that the Gastrodia elata seeds are in close contact with the mushroom material.

[0077] Planting management: Carry out watering, fertilizing, weeding and other management work according to the planting requirements of Gastrodia elata until the Gastrodia elata is mature and harvested.

[0078] Selection and pretreatment of fungi

[0079] Tree species selection: Elm is selected as the mushroom material because its wood is hard and resistant to decay, making it suitable for the growth of Corynebacterium foetida.

[0080] Felling and pruning: Felling should be carried out in early spring after the elm trees have naturally shed their leaves. The trunks should be cut into small sections of 50 cm in length, leaving the bark intact to increase the infection area of ​​​​Elm.

[0081] Disinfection and drying: Use 0.1% potassium permanganate solution to soak and disinfect the wood for 30 minutes, then dry it until there is no moisture on the surface to reduce the growth of bacteria.

[0082] Making fish scale mouths: Cut fish scale mouths on the surface of each piece of wood at intervals of 5 cm, with a depth of about 3 mm in the wood, to facilitate the invasion of the Mycelium.

[0083] Medium preparation

[0084] Liquid medium:

[0085] Ingredient ratio: potato extract 40% (obtained by peeling, slicing, boiling and filtering fresh potatoes), hard wood chips 20%, wheat bran powder 10%, cornmeal powder 6%, glucose 4%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.6%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%, peptone 0.4%, vitamin B1 (VB1) 0.02%, and the rest is water.

[0086] Preparation method: first mix hard wood chips, wheat bran powder and cornmeal powder evenly; then dissolve potato extract, glucose and other water-soluble ingredients in water and heat until completely dissolved; finally mix the two mixtures evenly to obtain a liquid culture medium.

[0087] Solid medium:

[0088] Ingredient ratio: wood chips 60%, corn cobs 20%, wheat bran 15%, soybean meal 5%, glucose 2%, sucrose 1%, gypsum 1%, quicklime 0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5%.

[0089] Preparation method: Mix sawdust, corn cobs, wheat bran and soybean meal evenly; dissolve glucose, sucrose, gypsum, quicklime and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in an appropriate amount of water to form a uniform solution; pour the solution into the raw material mixture, stir well, adjust the water content to 60%-65%, and the pH value to 5.5-6.0.

[0090] Inoculation and cultivation

[0091] Preparation of inoculation tools: Use an inoculation needle sterilized by high-pressure steam for inoculation.

[0092] Inoculation operation: Under a sterile environment, load the solid culture medium into the inoculation needle and evenly apply it to the fish scales of the wood, ensuring that each fish scale is fully in contact with the culture medium.

[0093] Cultivation environment setting: Place the inoculated wood on the indoor cultivation rack, keeping a distance of 10-12 cm between each layer to promote air circulation and uniform heating. The temperature of the cultivation room is controlled at 25±2℃, the humidity is maintained at 65%-70%, and an appropriate amount of scattered light is provided.

[0094] Mycelium growth management and mushroom material harvesting

[0095] Mycelium growth management: Turn the pile every 7-10 days, check the mycelium growth, and record the mycelium growth rate, color, morphology and other changes. If any bacteria contamination is found, remove and dispose of it in time. At the same time, spray the liquid culture medium on the wood surface regularly to provide necessary nutrients and moisture.

[0096] Harvesting of mushroom materials: When the mycelium grows all over the wood and dense mycelium cords appear, it means that the mushroom materials have been cultivated and matured. At this time, move the mushroom materials to a cool and ventilated place for storage and use when planting Gastrodia elata.

[0097] Gastrodia elata planting and subsequent management

[0098] Planting preparation: Choose a field with good drainage and fertile soil as the planting site, plant the mushroom material and Gastrodia elata seeds together in the soil, and ensure that the Gastrodia elata seeds are in close contact with the mushroom material.

[0099] Planting management: watering, fertilizing, weeding and other management work should be carried out according to the planting requirements of Gastrodia elata. Pay special attention to keeping the soil moist and avoid drought or waterlogging. At the same time, regularly observe the growth of Gastrodia elata to detect and deal with diseases and insect pests in time.

[0100] Harvesting and processing: When Gastrodia elata grows and matures, it is harvested. The harvested Gastrodia elata is cleaned, air-dried or baked for subsequent use or sale.

[0101] It will be appreciated that in the development of any actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort may be complex and time-consuming, but will be a routine task of design, fabrication, and production for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure without undue experimentation.

[0102] In summary, a method for cultivating fungus materials of Armillaria elata for artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata is proposed. This method effectively improves the cultivation efficiency and quality of fungus materials by optimizing key links such as fungus material selection, culture medium configuration, inoculation, and cultivation, and provides strong technical support for artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata. Specifically, the present invention selects hard and rot-resistant broad-leaved tree species as fungus materials, and ensures the cleanliness and infection efficiency of fungus materials through scientific felling, treatment and disinfection processes. At the same time, the present invention also designs a composite culture medium formula comprising a liquid culture medium and a solid culture medium, which is not only nutritious and balanced in ingredients, but also ensures that key parameters such as water content and pH value of the culture medium reach the optimal state through precise control means, providing excellent environmental conditions for the growth of Armillaria elata.

[0103] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating fungi for artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata, characterized in that: The bacterial material culture comprises a liquid culture medium and a solid culture medium. The liquid culture medium comprises the following culture raw materials in percentage: 40% potato extract, 20% hard miscellaneous sawdust, 10% wheat bran powder, 6% cornmeal powder, 4% glucose, 0.6% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2% magnesium sulfate, 0.4% peptone, 0.02% vitamin B1 (VB1), and the remainder is water. The solid culture medium comprises the following culture raw materials in percentage: 60% sawdust, 20% corncobs, 15% wheat bran, 5% soybean meal, 2% glucose, 1% sucrose, 1% gypsum, 0.5% quicklime, and 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

2. The method for cultivating a fungus material of Gastrodia elata for artificial cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: For the selection of fungus materials, choose hard and rot-resistant broad-leaved trees, cut them after the leaves fall and before the new buds sprout, cut the felled trunks into small sections of about 50-60 cm, keep the bark intact and do not split it, soak the wood in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes to disinfect the surface, and after drying, cut a fish scale hole every 5-7 cm on the epidermis of each section of wood, 3-5 mm deep into the wood, to facilitate the infection of the cord fungus; Culture medium configuration: Mix sawdust, corn cobs, wheat bran and soybean meal in proportion to ensure that all raw materials are fully mixed. Dissolve glucose, sucrose, gypsum, quicklime and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in an appropriate amount of water to form a uniform solution. Pour the dissolved auxiliary material solution into the raw material mixture and stir it thoroughly. At this time, test the water content of the culture medium to keep the water content of the culture medium at 60% to 65% and the pH value at 5.5 to 6.

5. Inoculation: Under sterile conditions, put the optimized solid culture medium into a syringe or inoculation loop, and evenly apply the solid culture medium to the fish scales of the wood. Cultivation rack setup: Place the inoculated wood on an indoor cultivation rack, keeping a distance of about 10-12 cm between each layer to promote air circulation and uniform heating. Environmental settings: Keep the temperature of the culture room at 25±2℃, the humidity at 65%-75%, and provide an appropriate amount of scattered light. According to the growth of mycelium, regularly spray the optimized liquid culture medium on the wood surface to provide necessary nutrients and water. Turn the pile every 7-10 days to check the growth of mycelium and remove the wood infected with bacteria in time. Harvest: When the mycelium grows all over the wood and dense mycelium appears, place the cultured wood in a cool and ventilated place for storage and use when planting Gastrodia elata; Gastrodia elata cultivation: Plant the mushroom material together with Gastrodia elata seeds in suitable soil and manage it according to the cultivation requirements of Gastrodia elata.

3. The method for cultivating a fungus material of Gastrodia elata for artificial cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The broad-leaved tree species include, but are not limited to, chestnut, birch, poplar, and elm.

4. The method for cultivating a fungus material of Gastrodia elata for artificial cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The potato extract is obtained by peeling and slicing potatoes, boiling them, and then filtering and removing solid residues.

5. The method for cultivating a fungus material of Gastrodia elata for artificial cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid culture medium is prepared by uniformly mixing hard sawdust, wheat bran and cornmeal in proportion, mixing potato extract, glucose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, peptone, vitamin B1 and water, heating to dissolve and stirring evenly, and then stirring the two mixtures.

6. The method for cultivating a fungus material of Gastrodia elata for artificial cultivation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inoculation syringe or inoculation loop is sterilized by high pressure steam.

7. The method for cultivating a fungus material of Gastrodia elata for artificial cultivation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mycelium growth inspection includes recording the mycelium growth rate, color, and morphological changes so as to promptly detect and handle abnormal situations.

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