Artificial soil for cultivation of zoysia matrella based on synergistic utilization of organic and inorganic wastes

Abstract

The invention discloses an artificial soil for cultivation of zoysia matrella based on synergistic utilization of organic and inorganic wastes. The artificial soil is a compound product of a sludge compost product and a waste resource material containing phosphorite industry waste, rice hull biochar and the like. The method is characterized in that phosphorus-containing ore industry waste components are introduced into an artificial soil component structure, phosphorus-containing ore industry waste is used for adsorbing and fixing free potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and heavy metal ions brought by compost products and other components, the conductivity of the artificial soil is reduced, and the adverse effect of high salinity and high heavy metal on plant growth and development is reduced. The phosphorus-containing ore industry waste component can also provide phosphorus nutrients for plants, thereby promoting the growth of zoysia matrella. The invention provides a novel artificial soil formula for soilless culture of zoysia matrella, and provides technical support for urban landscaping engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of gardening and greening, and in particular to artificial soil for cultivating Manila grass based on the coordinated utilization of organic and inorganic wastes. Background Art

[0002] In order to meet the new requirements of residents for the quality of living environment, cities have carried out a large number of park green space, green belt and mountain slope protection projects, which has significantly increased the consumption of turf for urban greening. However, the traditional turf production method will cause the loss of surface soil. During the turf transplanting process, at least 2cm of surface loam will be taken away, resulting in a decrease in soil fertility in the nursery area and a decrease in land availability year by year.

[0003] In recent years, soilless cultivation technology has been widely promoted and applied in agricultural and forestry production and landscaping. This technology uses artificial soil instead of soil as a medium for plant seedling cultivation and cultivation, which can effectively reduce the consumption of land resources and protect the soil environment. Among them, waste-source artificial soil uses various wastes or their resource conversion products as components, reduces the use of traditional peat and coconut bran materials, and significantly reduces the production cost of artificial soil. For example, patent CN 1018432097.3 uses wood chip decomposition and peat, PAM adhesive, humic acid liquid and SAP water retaining agent to obtain a soilless matrix for grass carpet cultivation. Patent CN 201410842965.5 mixes sludge compost and coal gangue with soil as a lawn grass cultivation matrix, which partially alleviates the pressure on soil demand. However, due to different raw material sources and ratios, there are significant differences in the properties of existing matrices, and different plants have different requirements for soil performance. It is necessary to screen and combine materials for specific plants, prepare exclusive artificial soil, and improve the soilless cultivation effect of plants.

[0004] Manila grass is a plant of the genus Zoysia in the Poaceae family. It is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Oceania and is a commonly used greening grass species in China. Patent CN 201110202752.2 discloses a large-scale rapid propagation method for Manila grass. Rice and yellow sand are mixed with soil as a cultivation matrix. It is simple and practical, but this model still causes soil loss. Xing Yaping (2012) prepared and screened Manila grass soilless cultivation matrix using sludge, rice husks, mushroom residues and sand as materials. However, since sludge contains heavy metal pollutants, the author found that after soilless cultivation, Manila grass plants were enriched with Zn, Pb, Cu and other pollutants, which created potential human health risks. At present, there are few reports on soilless cultivation of Manila grass. Manila grass turf production still uses in-situ soil as the medium. It is urgent to develop suitable soilless cultivation artificial soil and propose a green and low-carbon Manila grass turf soilless cultivation model. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies, this patent combines the use of a variety of waste-based materials such as sludge compost products, mining waste, rice husk biochar, and auxiliary materials such as coconut bran, and proposes an artificial soil for Manila grass cultivation based on the coordinated utilization of organic and inorganic wastes, providing new materials for the Manila grass turf cultivation industry to shift from traditional field cultivation methods to more green and friendly soilless cultivation methods.

[0006] The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0007] The artificial soil is composed of sludge compost, phosphorus-containing mining waste, rice husk biochar, coconut husk, peat and perlite. The specific formula (calculated by volume ratio) is: 15%-25% sludge compost, 0.5%-2% phosphorus-containing mining waste, 10% rice husk biochar, 20%-30% coconut husk, 15%-35% peat and 17%-19.5% perlite.

[0008] Among them, the preferred formula is: 20% sludge compost product, 10% rice husk biochar, 1% phosphorus-containing mining waste, 30% coconut bran, 20% peat and 19% perlite.

[0009] The particle size of the phosphorus mining waste is less than 0.15 mm, the main mineral components are fluoroapatite, dolomite and quartz, the pH is 7.0-7.5, the total phosphorus content is 2%-6%, the effective phosphorus content is higher than 0.1 g / kg, and the surface is rich in functional groups such as phosphate and carbonate. The phosphorus mining waste is preferably the residue of the phosphate ore flotation process.

[0010] The sludge compost product is a municipal sewage sludge aerobic compost product, preferably a municipal sewage sludge compost product that has undergone secondary aging, with a particle size of less than 5 mm, a seed germination coefficient greater than 80%, a pH of 6.5-7.5, and an EC less than 4 ms / cm.

[0011] The rice husk biochar is preferably rice husk biochar thermally cracked at 400° C.-600° C., with a particle size of less than 1 mm, a pH of 8-11, and a total porosity of not less than 30% (v / v).

[0012] The perlite, coconut bran and peat are conventional commercially available soilless culture substrate raw materials. The particle size of the perlite is 4-7 mm and the pH is 6.5-7.5. The coconut bran is commercially available desalted coconut bran with an EC of less than 1.0 mS / cm. The pH of the peat is higher than 5.0, the EC is less than 1.0 mS / cm, and the organic matter content is not less than 70%.

[0013] The preparation and application steps of the artificial soil are:

[0014] (a) According to the above-mentioned proportioning scheme, the sludge compost product and other component materials are weighed, mixed and stirred evenly to prepare the desired artificial soil for Manila grass cultivation.

[0015] (b) The prepared artificial soil for cultivating Manila grass is placed in the seedling tray as needed, and is filled to a height of 1 cm from the surface of the container.

[0016] (c) Take another portion of the artificial soil for growing Manila grass and mix it with the Manila grass seeds. Put the artificial soil mixed with the Manila grass seeds into the container described in (a) to a filling thickness of 0.5 cm. Slightly smooth the surface to prevent the seeds from being exposed to the air.

[0017] (d) Water the soil to moisten it and add water every day until the Manila grass seeds germinate. Then, adjust the irrigation mode to add water twice a day in the morning and evening until the Manila grass tillers and grows taller. Trim the upper part of the Manila grass as needed and transfer it to outdoor planting together with the artificial soil layer.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution adopted by this patent has the following benefits:

[0019] (1) In response to the research and development needs of Manila grass soilless cultivation materials, an artificial soil for Manila grass cultivation based on the coordinated utilization of organic and inorganic wastes is disclosed, which fills the gap in greening planting technology products, solves the problem of soil loss in the traditional Manila grass turf cultivation process, protects land resources, and provides a new soilless cultivation technology for landscaping.

[0020] (2) By replacing traditional artificial soil materials with waste-based materials from a variety of different sources, the consumption of high-value resources such as peat and coconut coir can be reduced, the production cost of artificial soil can be lowered, and the synergistic resource utilization of compost products and pyrolysis products of organic waste and mining solid waste can be achieved, thus helping to develop a green, low-carbon, circular economy model.

[0021] (3) This scheme has brought into play the complementary role of the performance of different waste-based materials, improved the ecological function of artificial soil, and promoted the germination and growth of Manila grass. Among them, the sludge compost product can provide a supporting matrix and nutrient supply for the cultivation of Manila grass turf; the biochar material has an excellent porous structure, which can adjust the pore structure of artificial soil, solve the shortcomings of low porosity and easy moisture absorption and bonding of sludge compost products, thereby significantly improving the air permeability and water holding capacity of artificial soil, which is beneficial to the root development of Manila grass. The most prominent feature of this technical scheme is the introduction of an appropriate amount of phosphorus-containing mining waste to adsorb free potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and heavy metal ions, overcome the defects of high salt content and high heavy metal concentration brought by sludge compost products, reduce the adverse effects on plant seed germination and seedling growth; reduce the heavy metal content in the plant, and reduce the human health risks to residents active on green land during its application. At the same time, phosphorus-containing mining waste can also provide phosphorus nutrients for plants and promote the growth of Manila grass.

[0022] In summary, this technical solution realizes the coordinated resource utilization of wastes from various sources, provides high-nutrient, economical and safe soilless cultivation artificial soil for the cultivation of Manila grass turf, and provides technical support for improving the quality of urban ecological environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 The results of scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis of the phosphate ore flotation process residue in Example 1 are as follows;

[0024] Figure 2 is the surface functional group analysis result of the phosphate ore flotation process residue in Example 1;

[0025] Figure 3 The nitrogen adsorption-desorption curve and pore structure analysis results of the phosphate ore flotation process residue in Example 1;

[0026] Figure 4 is a graph of plant biomass 30 days after sowing Manila grass in Example 3;

[0027] Figure 5 is a graph showing phosphorus content in the aboveground part and roots of Manila grass 30 days after sowing in Example 3;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a graph of plant biomass of Manila grass 30 days after mowing in Example 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with a specific implementation method.

[0030] The following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0031] Example 1 Collection of artificial soil component materials

[0032] According to the technical solution in the manual, various artificial soil component materials such as municipal sewage sludge compost products and phosphate rock flotation process residues were collected, and the material properties were characterized to select materials that meet the requirements of the technical solution in the manual as artificial soil raw materials. The properties of the specific artificial soil component materials are as follows:

[0033] The residue (F) from the phosphate rock flotation process has a particle size of less than 0.15 mm, a pH of 7.28, a total phosphorus content of 5.23%, and an effective phosphorus content of 0.12 g / kg. The results of the scanning electron microscope analysis of the material show that the material contains a large number of blocky, spherical, and flaky mineral particles; the results of the FTIR analysis show that the surface of the material contains various functional groups such as phosphate; the results of the nitrogen adsorption-desorption curve analysis show that the material has a porous structure. The phosphorus element in the material can provide nutrients required for plant growth, and the porous structure of the mineral component can ventilate and conduct water, which is conducive to the development of plant roots. Its surface functional groups can react with heavy metals, which helps to fix potential heavy metal pollutants in municipal sewage sludge compost products. Therefore, this material has the potential to be a high-quality component of artificial soil.

[0034] The municipal sewage sludge compost (SSC) product after secondary aging was collected, with a particle size of <5 mm, a seed germination coefficient of 90%, a pH of 7.31, and an EC of 2.82 ms / cm. The rice husk biochar (BC) came from a 500°C thermal cracking process, with a particle size of <1 mm, a pH of 10.0, and a total porosity of 60% (v / v).

[0035] The particle size of commercial perlite (PRT) is 4-7 mm, the pH is 7.32, and the total porosity is 62.8% (v / v). The EC of desalted coconut husk (CC) is 0.90 mS / cm. The pH of commercial peat (PT) is 5.22, the EC is 0.57 mS / cm, and the organic matter content is 82%.

[0036] Example 2 Preparation and characterization of artificial soil

[0037] Two kinds of artificial soil for Manila grass cultivation were prepared. The CK product consisted of 20% (volume percentage, the same below) sewage sludge compost product, 30% coconut bran, 20% peat, 20% perlite and 10% rice husk biochar. The P matrix-A consisted of 20% sewage sludge compost product, 30% coconut bran, 20% peat, 19% perlite, 10% rice husk biochar and 1% phosphorus-containing mining waste.

[0038] The results showed that the bulk density of the CK treatment group was 0.183 g / cm 3 , the total porosity is 61.15%, the aeration porosity is 10.63%, the water holding porosity is 50.52%, the pH is 5.86, and the EC is 683μs / cm. With the addition of phosphorus-containing mining waste to the artificial soil, the bulk density of the P matrix-A artificial soil increases by 0.196g / cm 3, the total porosity slightly decreased to 57.80%, the aeration porosity was 9.29%, and the water holding porosity was 48.51%. This is because the phosphorus-containing mining waste has a high density and a small particle size. Adding phosphorus-containing mining waste to artificial soil will increase the bulk density of the product and reduce the macropore content. In addition, the pH of P matrix-A artificial soil increased to 6.22, and the conductivity decreased to 601μs / cm. Mining waste can adsorb free ions, reduce the concentration of base ions released by components such as sludge compost products, reduce conductivity, and is beneficial to plant growth.

[0039] Example 3 Effect of artificial soil on the growth of Manila grass

[0040] Various artificial soil component materials were collected to prepare two artificial soils for Manila grass cultivation. The CK product consists of 20% (volume percentage, the same below) sludge compost product, 30% coconut bran, 20% peat, 20% perlite and 10% rice husk biochar. Pmatrix-A consists of 20% sludge compost product, 30% coconut bran, 20% peat, 19% perlite, 10% rice husk biochar and 1% phosphorus-containing mining waste. At the same time, a commercially available universal seedling matrix JP was purchased as a control.

[0041] Carry out Manila grass sowing and cultivation experiment, spread artificial soil evenly into 50 hole trays, fill to 1cm from the container surface. Take another part of the artificial soil and mix it with a Manila grass seed; put the artificial soil mixed with Manila grass seeds into the upper layer of the container and smooth the surface. Sprinkle water to moisten the artificial soil, maintain for 30 days, irrigate daily, and adjust the irrigation mode to twice a day after observing the germination of seeds until the end of the experiment.

[0042] When sampling, first measure the plant height and number of tillers of the plant samples, then separate the plant samples from the artificial soil, divide the plant samples into two parts: the aboveground part and the root part, dry them at low temperature, weigh the biomass, and digest the test samples to determine the phosphorus content.

[0043] The results showed that the average plant height, tiller number and aboveground dry weight of Manila grass in the CK and P matrix-A treatment groups were higher than those in the commercial product treatment group. The average plant height of Manila grass in the P matrix-A treatment group reached 33.3 cm / plant, the tiller number was 1.64 / plant, and the aboveground and root dry weights were 0.064 g / plant and 0.021 g / plant, respectively. At the same time, the aboveground and root phosphorus content of Manila grass in the Pmatrix-A treatment group reached 1.18 mg / kg and 0.45 mg / kg, which were higher than those in the CK treatment group or the commercial product treatment group, indicating that the introduction of mining waste increased the phosphorus content of plants and was beneficial to plant growth.

[0044] Example 4 Effect of artificial soil on the heavy metal content of Manila grass

[0045] Various artificial soil component materials were collected to prepare two artificial soils for Manila grass cultivation. The CK product consists of 20% (volume percentage, the same below) sludge compost product, 30% coconut bran, 20% peat, 20% perlite and 10% rice husk biochar. Pmatrix-A consists of 20% sludge compost product, 30% coconut bran, 20% peat, 19% perlite, 10% rice husk biochar and 1% phosphorus-containing mining waste. At the same time, a commercially available universal seedling matrix JP was purchased as a control.

[0046] Carry out Manila grass sowing and cultivation experiment, spread artificial soil evenly into 50 hole trays, fill to 1cm from the container surface. Take some Manila grass soilless cultivation artificial soil and mix it with a Manila grass seed; put the artificial soil mixed with Manila grass seeds into the upper layer of the container and smooth the surface. Sprinkle water to moisten the artificial soil, maintain for 30 days, irrigate daily, and adjust the irrigation mode to twice a day after observing the germination of seeds until the end of the experiment.

[0047] Plant samples were collected and analyzed for heavy metal content. It was found that the copper and zinc contents in the upper part of the Manila grass in the CK treatment group were 12.4 mg / kg and 81.4 mg / kg, which were higher than those in the commercial product treatment group (Cu: 8.41 mg / kg; Zn: 31.7 mg / kg). This is because the sludge composting products contain a certain amount of copper and zinc pollutants, which will enter the plant body through the absorption of the plant roots, bringing environmental risks. The copper and zinc contents in the upper part of the Manila grass in P matrix-A were reduced to 10.0 mg / kg and 50.6 mg / kg, respectively. The introduced mining waste components played a role in fixing heavy metal ions, reducing the potential environmental risks of artificial soil based on sludge resource products.

[0048] Example 5 Effect of artificial soil on continuous planting of Manila grass

[0049] Various artificial soil component materials were collected to prepare two artificial soils for Manila grass cultivation. The CK product consists of 20% (volume percentage, the same below) sludge compost product, 30% coconut bran, 20% peat, 20% perlite and 10% rice husk biochar. Pmatrix-A consists of 20% sludge compost product, 30% coconut bran, 20% peat, 19% perlite, 10% rice husk biochar and 1% phosphorus-containing mining waste. At the same time, a commercially available universal seedling matrix JP was purchased as a control.

[0050] A Manila grass sowing and cultivation experiment was carried out. Artificial soil was evenly spread into a 50-hole tray, filling it to 1 cm from the surface of the container. Another part of the artificial soil for soilless cultivation of Manila grass was taken and mixed with a Manila grass seed; the artificial soil mixed with Manila grass seeds was placed in the upper layer of the container and the surface was smoothed. Water was sprinkled to moisten the artificial soil, and irrigation was carried out daily. After the seeds germinated, the irrigation mode was adjusted to twice a day. After 30 days, the aboveground part of the plant was trimmed, and 5 cm of the aboveground plant body was retained. The maintenance was continued for 30 days to examine the continuous fertilization capacity of the artificial soil.

[0051] Sampling, measuring the plant height of plant samples, and then separating the plant samples from artificial soil, dividing the plant samples into two parts, the aboveground part and the root part, drying at low temperature, and weighing the biomass. The results showed that the average plant height of Manila grass in the CK treatment group and the P matrix-A treatment group was 25.0 cm / plant and 21.1 cm / plant, respectively, which was higher than that of the commercial commodity JP treatment group. At the same time, the aboveground dry weight and root dry weight of the plant showed: P matrix-A treatment group>CK treatment group>commercial commodity JP treatment group, and the aboveground and root dry weights of Manila grass in the P matrix-A treatment group reached 0.073 g / plant and 0.043 g / plant, respectively. The results showed that the ability of the artificial soil to continuously provide nutrients was higher than that of commercial commodities. Components such as sludge compost products and phosphorus-containing mining waste in the P matrix-A treatment group can continuously provide nutrients, and can continue to promote plant growth after Manila grass is trimmed, reducing subsequent fertilizer input, and has good application and promotion potential.

Claims

1. An artificial soil for cultivating Manila grass based on the coordinated utilization of organic and inorganic wastes, characterized in that: The artificial soil is a prepared product based on a compound of phosphate mining waste, sludge composting products, rice husk biochar, coconut bran, peat and perlite; the formula of the artificial soil (by volume ratio) is: sludge composting products account for 15%-25%, phosphate mining waste accounts for 0.5%-2%, rice husk biochar accounts for 10%, coconut bran accounts for 20%-30%, peat accounts for 15%-35%, and perlite accounts for 17%-19.5%.

2. The artificial soil for cultivating Manila grass based on the coordinated utilization of organic and inorganic wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula of the artificial soil (by volume ratio) is preferably: 20% of sludge compost product, 1% of phosphorus-containing mining waste, 10% of rice husk biochar, 30% of coconut bran, 20% of peat, and 19% of perlite.

3. The artificial soil for cultivating Manila grass based on the coordinated utilization of organic and inorganic wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phosphate mining waste has a particle size of less than 0.15 mm, a pH of 7.0-7.5, a total phosphorus content of 2%-6%, and an effective phosphorus content higher than 0.1 g / kg; the phosphate mining waste is preferably a phosphate ore flotation process residue.

4. The artificial soil for cultivating Manila grass based on the coordinated utilization of organic and inorganic wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sludge compost product is a municipal domestic sludge aerobic compost product, preferably a municipal domestic sludge compost product that has undergone secondary aging, with a particle size of less than 5 mm, a seed germination coefficient greater than 80%, a pH of 6.5-7.5, and an EC of less than 4 ms / cm; the rice husk biochar is rice husk biochar thermally cracked at 400°C-600°C, with a particle size of less than 1 mm and a total porosity of not less than 30% (v / v).

5. The artificial soil for cultivating Manila grass based on the coordinated utilization of organic and inorganic wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The perlite has a particle size of 4-7 mm and a pH of 6.5-7.5; the coconut bran is desalted coconut bran with an EC value less than 1.0 mS / cm; the peat has a pH value greater than 5.0, an EC value less than 1.0 mS / cm, and an organic matter content of not less than 70%.

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