Artificial implant prosthesis, connecting structure and manufacturing method of connecting structure

Abstract

The invention discloses an artificial implant prosthesis, a connecting structure and a manufacturing method of the artificial implant prosthesis. The connecting structure comprises a composite body and a substrate which are connected with each other, the composite body comprises a porous surface structure and a plurality of supporting columns which are connected with the porous surface structure in advance or integrally formed with the porous surface structure. The density of the supporting columns is higher than that of the porous surface structure; all or part of each supporting column is located in the porous surface structure. Wherein the composite body and the substrate can be connected in an electric resistance welding mode, so that the mechanical property of the substrate is kept, the welding strength is improved, and damage to a porous surface structure is reduced or avoided; when the connecting structure is used for the artificial implant prosthesis, the connecting structure has excellent bone ingrowth performance, and the strength of the substrate is not substantially influenced.

Description

[0001] This case is a divisional application

[0002] The original invention name is: A prosthesis based on a connection structure of a porous surface structure and a substrate. The original application number is: 201911395087.6

[0003] Original application date: December 30, 2019 Technical Field

[0004] The invention relates to a connection technology of a mechanical structure, in particular to a medical device, and provides an artificial implant prosthesis, a connection structure and a manufacturing method thereof. Background Art

[0005] Engineering applications often have different requirements for the overall performance and surface performance of mechanical structures. For example, the overall performance (such as fatigue strength) of the acetabular cup and femoral stem of an artificial hip joint must meet the fatigue resistance requirements of the prosthesis under dynamic loads of an average of one to two million times a year after being implanted in the body for decades. In addition, there are specific performance requirements for the surface of the prosthesis to ensure that the surface of the prosthesis is firmly combined with the patient's bone group to ensure that the prosthesis does not loosen; otherwise, the patient will feel pain, and the prosthesis must be removed, and the patient will undergo another revision surgery to implant a new prosthesis. Other orthopedic implants (such as the spine) also have similar situations and requirements. In fact, in other fields, there are also situations where the substrate and surface have different performance requirements, and a reliable and effective connection is required between the two.

[0006] Commonly used artificial materials for joint prostheses are titanium alloy / cobalt-chromium steel alloy / stainless steel, etc., which cannot form an effective biological or chemical bond with bones. The interface between the prosthesis and the bone is generally mainly formed through physical / mechanical bonding. For example, the highly polished prosthesis surface and bone tissue cannot form an effective bonding force, so it is necessary to increase bone conduction, bone induction, and bone regeneration to accelerate or strengthen the bonding between bone tissue and the prosthesis surface, and further improve the performance of bone growth or bone ingrowth. Sometimes titanium wire or titanium beads can be used to form a porous coating on the surface of the prosthesis (such as acetabular cup / femoral stem) by sintering or diffusion welding. Alternatively, a thin sheet 0001 with a porous structure is pre-made using metal 3D printing additive manufacturing technology, vapor deposition technology, etc., and then the thin sheet 0001 is combined with the solid substrate 0002 of the prosthesis by diffusion welding, such as Figure 1As shown. These methods provide a porous surface for the prosthesis, and the bone tissue in contact with the prosthesis can regenerate. New bone tissue is filled in the interconnected porous structure, achieving the effect of "bone ingrowth" into the prosthesis. However, these processes have an inevitable consequence, which is that the mechanical strength of the substrate will be greatly reduced, thereby increasing the risk of prosthesis fracture, especially when the prosthesis (such as the femoral stem) is subjected to bending torque or tensile stress. Therefore, how to reliably and firmly combine a porous structure with its substrate while ensuring that the mechanical properties of the substrate are not significantly affected becomes a design / process difficulty.

[0007] Relatively speaking, the welding process has a lower impact on the mechanical properties of the substrate. However, when the porosity of the porous structure is very high (>50%), the interconnected brackets account for a low proportion and are weak; a large number of pores are formed between the brackets. Such a high-porosity structure, whether achieved by metal 3D printing additive manufacturing process or by sintering and other methods, when the porous structure and the substrate are directly connected by laser welding, as long as the effective diameter of the laser beam is close to or even greater than the width of the bracket, the laser energy may directly break the bracket structure and penetrate the porous structure, making it impossible to achieve an effective welding connection between the bracket of the porous structure and the substrate bracket. Alternatively, when penetration welding is used to connect the porous structure and the substrate, the strength of the substrate structure will be greatly reduced due to the high temperature and high pressure conditions.

[0008] In order to avoid the defects of the above-mentioned laser welding and penetration welding, a resistance welding method can be used to connect the porous structure and the substrate by pressing the two welded workpieces between two electrodes and forming an effective bond between the metal workpieces by generating resistance heat through the contact surface and adjacent areas of the current flowing through the two workpieces. However, for high-porosity structures, when the porous structure and the substrate are directly connected by resistance welding, the bonding efficiency is low, resulting in insufficient welding strength or requiring too high a current to achieve sufficient welding strength. The latter causes the upper electrode and the upper surface of the porous structure to generate too much heat, so that the surface of the porous structure is excessively damaged, including the sinking of the porous structure. Therefore, the present invention needs to design an intermediate structure between the porous structure and the substrate to achieve a composite formed by the porous surface structure and the intermediate bottom plate and the substrate tightly combined together, so as to improve the bonding efficiency of the porous structure and the substrate and ensure sufficient welding strength. Summary of the invention

[0009] The object of the present invention is to provide a prosthesis based on a connection structure of a porous surface structure and a substrate, in which the porous surface structure, an intermediate (a solid plate structure or a porous structure with low porosity) and a substrate are fastened together by resistance welding (such as projection resistance welding or spot resistance welding, etc.) to maintain the mechanical properties of the substrate; based on the surface of the porous structure of the present invention, it can be ensured that the artificial implant prosthesis has excellent bone ingrowth performance and the strength of the substrate is not substantially affected.

[0010] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0011] A prosthesis is provided with a connection structure, wherein the connection structure comprises: a composite body, comprising a pre-connected porous surface structure and an intermediate body; a substrate, used to form a prosthesis body, wherein at least a portion of the surface of the prosthesis body serves as a connection area for connection with the composite body, wherein the intermediate body is located between the porous surface structure and the substrate, and the intermediate body is connected to the connection area of ​​the prosthesis body so that the porous surface structure is located in the connection area of ​​the prosthesis body; wherein the substrate and the composite body are placed between a first polarity electrode and a second polarity electrode, and a current loop is formed through conductive contact between the first polarity electrode and the porous surface structure and / or the intermediate body, and conductive contact between the substrate and the second polarity electrode, so that the intermediate body and the substrate are resistance welded to achieve connection between the composite body and the substrate.

[0012] Preferably, the prosthesis is a joint prosthesis.

[0013] Preferably, the composite body is formed as a shell covering the connection area of ​​the prosthesis body; the outer layer of the shell comprises a porous surface structure; and the inner layer of the shell comprises an intermediate body connected to the connection area of ​​the prosthesis body.

[0014] Preferably, the shell formed by the composite is a whole; or, the shell formed by the composite comprises a plurality of shell sheets; wherein the plurality of shell sheets are independent of each other, or adjacent shell sheets are connected at adjacent edges on at least one side.

[0015] Preferably, the prosthesis comprises a femoral stem for a hip joint, the femoral stem comprises a stem body which is formed as a base; the connection area is located on the surface of the upper part of the stem body.

[0016] Preferably, the surface of the lower part of the handle body is a smooth surface, a plurality of longitudinal grooves are provided on the lower part of the handle body, and the lower part of the handle body is inserted into the femoral medullary cavity.

[0017] Preferably, the femoral stem also includes a head and a neck, and the head, neck and stem body are integrated or assembled; the head of the femoral stem is a frustum structure, and its first end is connected to the stem body through the neck, and the head and the neck have a certain deflection angle relative to the stem body, and are arranged in a tilted form relative to one side of the stem body, and the second end of the head of the femoral stem is inserted into the femoral ball head.

[0018] Preferably, the composite body is formed as a shell wrapping around the periphery of the connection area of ​​the handle body; the composite body comprises a plurality of shell sheets.

[0019] Preferably, the prosthesis comprises an acetabular cup of a hip joint, wherein the acetabular cup comprises an inner cup body which is formed as a base; and the connection area is located at an outer peripheral surface of the acetabular cup.

[0020] Preferably, the prosthesis comprises a tibial plateau, the tibial plateau comprises a tibial tray formed as a base; the location of the connection area is the surface of the distal end of the tibial tray.

[0021] Preferably, the prosthesis comprises a femoral condyle, the femoral condyle comprises an intracondylar fixation surface which is formed as a base; the location of the connection area is the intracondylar fixation surface.

[0022] Preferably, the prosthesis is any one or more of the following: patella, spinal fusion cage, spinal intervertebral facet joint, ankle joint, shoulder joint, elbow joint, finger joint, toe joint, artificial intervertebral disc, mandibular joint, wrist joint.

[0023] Preferably, the porous surface structure in the composite is called a first porous structure; the intermediate is a solid structure, or the intermediate is a second porous structure and the porosity of the second porous structure is lower than that of the first porous structure.

[0024] Preferably, the substrate is made of a conductive material, the porous surface structure is made of a conductive material, and the intermediate is made of a conductive material.

[0025] Preferably, the intermediate body comprises an intermediate plate structure.

[0026] Preferably, a plurality of protruding structures are arranged on the intermediate plate structure, and the protruding structures are arranged on a side of the intermediate plate structure close to the base, and the protruding points of the protruding structures are in contact with the base.

[0027] Preferably, the intermediate is the second porous structure, the second porous structure comprises a plurality of convex structures, the convex structures are formed on a side of the second porous structure close to the substrate, and the convex points of the convex structures are in contact with the substrate.

[0028] Preferably, the intermediate comprises a plurality of dispersedly arranged protruding structures formed on a side of the porous surface structure close to the substrate, and the protruding points of the protruding structures are in contact with the substrate.

[0029] Preferably, the intermediate body comprises a plurality of support pillars, each support pillar being entirely or at least partially located within the porous surface structure.

[0030] Preferably, the support columns of the intermediate body are arranged correspondingly and in contact with the protruding structures of the intermediate body, or the support columns of the intermediate body are staggered and distributed and do not contact with the protruding structures of the intermediate body.

[0031] Preferably, the surface of the support column away from the substrate is beyond the surface of the porous surface structure; or, the surface of the support column away from the substrate is lower than the surface of the porous surface structure; or, the surface of the support column away from the substrate is flush with the surface of the porous surface structure.

[0032] Preferably, when the surface of the support column away from the substrate exceeds the surface of the porous surface structure, after the resistance welding is completed, the portion of the support column exceeding the porous surface structure is cut.

[0033] Preferably, the support column is located in the prefabricated gap of the porous surface structure, and the support column is provided with a groove for placing multiple electrode monomers in the first polarity electrode, and the electrode monomers after insertion are in conductive contact with the support column; the surface of the support column exceeds, is flush with, or is lower than the surface of the porous surface structure, and the support column is a porous structure or a solid structure.

[0034] Preferably, when the surface of the support column away from the substrate exceeds the surface of the porous surface structure: the support column is a multi-section structure, comprising at least a first section portion exceeding the porous surface structure and a remaining second section portion; the first section portion is a porous structure; the second section portion is a porous structure or a solid structure, and the surface of the second section portion away from the substrate side is flush with the surface of the porous surface structure, so that the first section portion generates heat due to contact with the first polarity electrode, causing the support column to sink to the surface of the second section portion away from the substrate side.

[0035] Preferably, when the support column is a conductor, the support column is connected to the current loop, and the support column is in conductive contact with any one or more of the following components: a first polarity electrode, a porous surface structure, and an intermediate.

[0036] Preferably, the support column is an insulator.

[0037] Preferably, the protruding structure is located on the intermediate body, close to the contact position between the porous surface structure and the intermediate body.

[0038] Preferably, at least part of the pores in the porous surface structure are filled with conductive material.

[0039] Preferably, at least part of the pores in the porous surface structure are filled with a powdered conductive material, a wire-like conductive material, or a mesh-like conductive material.

[0040] Preferably, at least part of the surface of the porous surface structure is covered with a solid film-like, filament-like or mesh-like deformable conductive medium, and the deformable conductive medium is located between the first polarity electrode and the porous surface structure; and / or, a solid conductive medium or a liquid conductive agent is sprayed between at least part of the surface of the porous surface structure and the first polarity electrode.

[0041] Preferably, the surface of the porous surface structure is sprayed with one or more of the following coatings: an osteoconductive coating, an osteoinductive coating, an antibacterial coating, a cell or growth factor carrier.

[0042] Preferably, a molten conductive medium is injected into at least part of the pores of the porous surface structure, and / or a conductive medium is placed in at least part of the pores of the porous surface structure and molten by high temperature; the melting point of the conductive medium is lower than the melting point of the substrate and / or the melting point of the porous surface structure.

[0043] Preferably, the substrate is a solid structure, or the substrate is a third porous structure and the porosity of the third porous structure is smaller than the porosity of the porous surface structure.

[0044] Preferably, the substrate is made by forging, casting, machining, powder metallurgy or metal injection molding.

[0045] Preferably, the porous surface structure of the composite body is integrally formed with the intermediate body.

[0046] Preferably, the porous surface structure and the intermediate of the composite are realized by a 3D printing additive manufacturing process or a vapor deposition process.

[0047] Preferably, the porous surface structure, the intermediate body and the support column are integrally formed.

[0048] Preferably, a plurality of grooves are arranged on the surface of the porous surface structure, and the surfaces of the grooves are lower than the surface of the porous surface structure, so that the porous surface structure is divided into a plurality of regions; each region divided by the grooves is covered by the first polarity electrode corresponding to the region in contact, and the positional relationship between any region of the porous surface structure and the adjacent groove is any one of the following: not in contact with the first side of the groove, crossing the first side of the groove and not exceeding the second side of the groove, crossing the first side of the groove to the second side of the groove, crossing the second side of the groove and contacting at least a part of another adjacent region; wherein the first side of the groove is the side close to the any region, and the second side of the groove is the side away from the any region.

[0049] Preferably, the resistance welding process between the porous surface structure of two adjacent areas divided by the grooves and the substrate is performed simultaneously by two different first polarity electrodes whose covering positions do not overlap; or, the resistance welding process between the porous surface structure of two adjacent areas divided by the grooves and the substrate is performed twice in a sequential order by two different first polarity electrodes; or, the resistance welding process between the porous surface structure of two adjacent areas divided by the grooves and the substrate is performed twice in a sequential order by the same first polarity electrode.

[0050] Preferably, the groove is in the shape of an elongated strip.

[0051] Preferably, the porous surface structure is divided into multiple regions, and any two adjacent regions are referred to as the porous structure of the first region and the porous structure of the second region; the porous structure of the first region contacts a first polarity electrode of the corresponding first region, and after completing the resistance welding of the porous structure of the first region and the substrate, a convex edge is formed at the contact edge between the porous structure of the first region and the first polarity electrode of the first region; the porous structure of the second region contacts a first polarity electrode of the corresponding second region, and a first polarity electrode of the second region at least covers the convex edge on the porous structure of the first region close to the porous structure of the second region, completing the resistance welding of the porous structure of the second region and the substrate.

[0052] Preferably, the substrate comprises a surface connection layer, the bottom surface connection layer is pre-connected to the substrate body, and the surface connection layer is between the intermediate of the composite and the substrate body; the surface connection layer comprises a protrusion structure, and the protrusions of the protrusion structure are in contact with the intermediate of the composite.

[0053] Preferably, the surface connection layer of the substrate is pre-welded and connected to the substrate body.

[0054] Preferably, the side of the intermediate body close to the substrate is planar; or, the protruding structure arranged on the side of the intermediate body close to the substrate is staggered with the protruding structure of the surface connection layer.

[0055] The present invention also provides a prosthesis, which is provided with a substrate and at least two composite bodies in the connection structure as described above, wherein the substrate is used to form a prosthesis body, at least part of the surface of the prosthesis body is used as a connection area for connecting with the composite body, the intermediate body is located between the porous surface structure and the substrate, and the intermediate body is connected to the connection area of ​​the prosthesis body, so that the porous surface structure is located in the connection area of ​​the prosthesis body; the two composite bodies are respectively a first composite body and a second composite body, and the first composite body, the substrate and the second composite body are arranged between a first polarity electrode and a second polarity electrode;

[0056] The first composite is placed between the first polarity electrode and the substrate, the intermediate in the first composite is in contact with the substrate, the first polarity electrode is in conductive contact with the porous surface structure and / or the intermediate in the first composite, the second composite is placed between the second polarity electrode and the substrate, the intermediate in the second composite is in contact with the substrate, and the second polarity electrode is in conductive contact with the porous surface structure and / or the intermediate in the second composite, so as to form a current loop;

[0057] The intermediate body of the first composite body and the substrate, as well as the intermediate body of the second composite body and the substrate, are resistance welded to achieve connection between the composite body and the substrate.

[0058] Preferably, the first complex and the second complex have the same structure; or, the first complex and the second complex have different structures.

[0059] Preferably, the prosthesis includes a femoral stem of a hip joint, and the femoral stem includes a stem body, which is formed as a base; the connection area is located on the surface of the upper part of the stem body; the first complex and the second complex are respectively formed as shells wrapped around the periphery of the connection area of ​​the stem body; the first complex and the second complex respectively include multiple shell sheets.

[0060] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0061] (1) The present invention provides a method for preparing a connection structure between a porous surface structure and a substrate. A composite body is manufactured by 3D printing or other processes, comprising a porous surface structure and an intermediate body with a higher density (e.g., a porous structure or a solid plate with a low porosity). The present invention adopts a resistance welding method (e.g., projection resistance welding or spot resistance welding, etc.) to effectively combine the composite body with the substrate, thereby avoiding the situation in which the laser energy directly breaks the support structure and the support of the porous structure and the substrate cannot be welded together in the laser welding method. In addition, the projection resistance welding method utilizes contact resistance to generate a local heat source to achieve welding, thereby greatly reducing or avoiding the problem of a significant decrease in the mechanical properties of the substrate caused by a hot pressing process (e.g., a penetration welding process). The present invention can also use projection resistance welding and spot resistance welding in combination to enhance the welding strength between the intermediate body and the substrate and reduce surface damage to the porous surface structure.

[0062] (2) The present invention can not only use a large flat electrode to be attached to a porous surface structure, but also divide the electrode into a plurality of positive electrode monomers (or negative electrode monomers) and vertically insert them into specially reserved gaps in the porous surface structure. The electrode does not contact the surface of the porous surface structure, thereby avoiding damage (depression, blackening, reduction of pore space, etc.) caused by resistance heat generated by contact resistance between the surface of the porous surface structure and the positive electrode. In addition, when a flexible material is used for the large flat electrode attached to the porous surface structure, the flexible positive electrode undergoes a certain deformation, thereby increasing the contact area between the electrode and the porous surface structure, which can not only reduce the contact resistance between the electrode and the porous surface structure and reduce the surface damage of the porous surface structure, but also increase the current conduction, thereby increasing the welding strength between the intermediate and the substrate.

[0063] (3) The present invention reduces the contact resistance between the electrode and the porous surface structure and reduces the surface damage of the porous surface structure by filling the pores of the porous surface structure with a good conductive material or spraying the good conductive material on the surface.

[0064] (4) The present invention sets a solid support column in the porous surface structure to ensure that the height of the surface of the porous surface structure after resistance welding is completed can reach a preset height, thereby avoiding excessive compression of the porous surface structure; when the support column is made of a good conductive material, most of the current output by the electrode is guided to flow through the support column to the substrate first, which can not only ensure the welding strength between the intermediate and the substrate, but also reduce the damage to the surface of the porous surface structure; the present invention utilizes the above-mentioned support column in combination with the convex structure below it, and the convex structure can be in direct contact with the substrate, which can also meet the requirements of the welding strength between the intermediate and the substrate and reduce the damage to the surface of the porous surface structure.

[0065] (5) The present invention manufactures a solid (high-density) substrate by forging, casting or machining, or the substrate may be a porous structure, but the density of the porous surface structure is lower than that of the substrate, and the density of the intermediate is between the porous surface structure and the substrate.

[0066] (6) The processing operation of the present invention is simplified, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and time is saved.

[0067] (7) The present invention utilizes the connection structure and method of the porous surface structure and the substrate to manufacture various artificial implant prostheses, especially orthopedic prostheses, such as femoral stem, acetabular cup, tibial plateau, femoral condyle, etc., so that the prosthesis body is easy to process and has high strength. At the same time, the porous surface structure effectively combined with it can optimize the performance of bone ingrowth and minimize the cross-section of the prosthesis (such as femoral stem). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0068] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the connection structure between a substrate and a porous surface structure in the prior art;

[0069] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the porous surface structure and the substrate according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the porous bottom plate structure of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 4a Schematic diagram of the connection structure between the porous surface structure and the substrate of Example 2 of the present invention (the lower surface of the low-porosity area has no protrusions);

[0072] Figure 4b Schematic diagram of the connection structure between the porous surface structure and the substrate of Example 2 of the present invention (the lower surface of the low porosity area has convex points);

[0073] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the porous surface structure and the substrate according to the third embodiment of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 6a This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the porous surface structure and the substrate according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 6b-6c It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the relevant deformation of the connection structure in the fourth embodiment of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the porous surface structure and the substrate according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention;

[0077] Figure 8aThis is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the porous surface structure and the substrate according to Example 6 of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 8b This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the porous surface structure and the substrate according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention;

[0079] Figure 8c This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the porous surface structure and the substrate according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention;

[0080] Figure 9a This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the porous surface structure and the substrate according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 9b This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the porous surface structure and the substrate according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention;

[0082] Fig.10a This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the porous surface structure and the substrate according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention;

[0083] Fig.10b This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the porous surface structure and the substrate according to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention;

[0084] Fig.11a This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the porous surface structure and the substrate according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention;

[0085] Figure 11b-Figure 11d This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the porous surface structure and the substrate according to Embodiment 14 of the present invention;

[0086] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the porous surface structure and the substrate according to the fifteenth embodiment of the present invention;

[0087] Figure 13-Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the porous surface structure and the substrate according to Example 16 of the present invention;

[0088] Fig.15 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the porous surface structure and the substrate according to Embodiment 18 of the present invention;

[0089] Figure 16a-16b A schematic diagram of a femoral stem of an artificial prosthesis according to Embodiment 20 of the present invention;

[0090] Fig.16c For the present invention Fig.16a A cross-sectional schematic diagram of

[0091] Figure 17a-Figure 17e It is a schematic diagram of the handle body shell of the artificial prosthesis according to the twenty-first embodiment of the present invention;

[0092] Fig.18ais a schematic diagram of an acetabular cup of an artificial prosthesis according to Embodiment 21 of the present invention;

[0093] Fig.18b For the present invention Fig.18a A partial schematic diagram of

[0094] Fig.19a is a schematic diagram of a tibial plateau of an artificial prosthesis according to Embodiment 22 of the present invention;

[0095] Fig.19b For the present invention Fig.19a A partial schematic diagram of

[0096] Fig.20a is a schematic diagram of a femoral condyle of an artificial prosthesis according to Embodiment 23 of the present invention;

[0097] Fig.20b For the present invention Fig.20a A partial schematic diagram of

[0098] Figure 21-22 They are schematic diagrams of the connection structure of the porous surface structure and the substrate in the improved solution of Example 19 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0099] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0100] Embodiment 1:

[0101] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a connection structure, comprising a substrate 23, an intermediate 22, and a porous surface structure 21. Among them, the porous structure of the porous surface structure 21 comprises a plurality of staggered brackets (or beams), and a number of multi-directional through, regular or irregular pores are formed between these brackets (or beams). The intermediate 22 is located between the porous surface structure 21 and the substrate 23. Optionally, the intermediate 22 is a non-porous bottom plate, that is, a solid bottom plate. The porous surface structure 21 and the intermediate 22 are both made of conductive materials (such as metal materials). The porous surface structure 21 and the intermediate 22 are an integrally formed structure, for example, achieved by a 3D printing additive manufacturing process, or a vapor deposition process.

[0102] For example, the base 23 is solid, which is beneficial to the overall strength of the connection structure. The base 23 can be made of a conductive material (such as a metal material), formed by various methods such as forging, casting, powder metallurgy or metal injection molding, and can be subjected to various mechanical processing.

[0103] In this embodiment, the porous surface structure 21 and the intermediate body 22 are pre-connected to form a composite body 2A, and the intermediate body 22 and the substrate 23 are effectively combined by resistance welding, so that the composite body 2A and the substrate 23 are connected. The resistance welding method includes spot welding and / or projection welding. The following embodiment focuses on the example of connecting the intermediate body 22 and the substrate 23 by projection welding resistance welding.

[0104] Specifically, at least a portion of the top of the porous surface structure 21 is in contact with the positive electrode 24. Since the porous surface structure 21 is pre-connected with the intermediate 22, at least a portion of the bottom of the porous surface structure 21 is in contact with the top of the intermediate 22. A plurality of protruding structures 221 are pre-fabricated at the bottom of the intermediate 22. The protruding structures 221 are in contact with the top of the substrate 23, and the bottom of the substrate 23 is in contact with the negative electrode 25. The protruding structures 221 are protruding toward one side of the substrate 23. Preferably, the manufacturing positions of the plurality of protruding structures 221 correspond to the position where the bottom of the porous surface structure 21 is in contact with the top of the intermediate 22 and the adjacent area. Figure 2 The positive direction of the X-axis shown in the figure represents the right, the negative direction of the X-axis represents the left, the positive direction of the Y-axis represents the top, and the negative direction of the Y-axis represents the bottom. The orientation regulations of the subsequent embodiments are the same as those of the first embodiment, which are used to more clearly describe the technical scheme of the present invention. The above orientation regulations are only used for illustration and do not affect the orientation in actual applications.

[0105] Since the composite body 2A formed by the porous surface structure 21 and the intermediate body 22 and the substrate 23 are pressed tightly between the positive electrode 24 and the negative electrode 25, when current is applied, the current flows through the porous surface structure 21, the intermediate body 22, and the contact surface and adjacent areas between the protruding structure 221 and the top of the substrate 23, and the contact resistance generates resistance heat, thereby heating the protruding structure 221 and the top of the substrate 23 to a molten or plastic state, so that the protruding structure 221 of the intermediate body 22 and the top of the substrate 23 form a metal bond, and finally the intermediate body 22 and the substrate 23 are fixedly connected, so that the composite body 2A formed by the porous surface structure 21 and the intermediate body 22 and the substrate 23 are tightly combined.

[0106] Since the bottom of the intermediate body 22 is provided with a plurality of protruding structures 221, the protruding structures 221 are in contact with the top surface of the substrate 23, and there is contact resistance between the two. Since the current passes through the protruding structures 221 and the substrate 23, resistance heat is generated, and the contact points between the protruding structures 221 and the substrate 23 form welding points. Among them, the contact resistance refers to the resistance generated by the current passing through when two independent workpieces are in contact, and the resistance heat Q is proportional to IR 2 , R is the contact resistance, I is the current passing through the workpiece, that is, the larger the current, the larger the contact resistance, and the larger the value of the resistance heat, and vice versa.

[0107] Based on the above, it can be known that the intermediate body 22 of this example increases its contact resistance with the substrate 23 through the protruding structure (such as a bump) to generate sufficient resistance heat, so that the protruding structure 221 has sufficient welding strength with the substrate 23. Preferably, the substrate 23 is made of titanium alloy.

[0108] Optionally, the shape of the protruding structure 221 of the intermediate body 22 may be spherical, arc-shaped, ring-shaped, or long strip-shaped, etc., which is not specifically limited in this embodiment, nor is it limited to other examples, such as Figure 3 As shown, the intermediate body 22 may have various protrusions or textures to reduce the contact area and increase the contact resistance, thereby correspondingly increasing the bonding efficiency between the intermediate body and the substrate and improving the welding strength between the intermediate body and the substrate.

[0109] For example, the positive electrode 24 and the negative electrode 25 are made of conductive materials (such as metal materials); the top of the negative electrode 25 is in close contact with the bottom of the substrate 23, and the bottom of the positive electrode 24 is in close contact with the top of the porous surface structure 21. The contact surfaces that contact each other can be flat, arc-shaped, or curved. The present invention does not specifically limit the shape, size, etc. of the contact surface, and can be designed according to actual application conditions.

[0110] Therefore, the present invention adds an intermediate between the porous surface structure and the substrate, and uses a resistance welding method (such as projection welding) to weld the composite formed by the intermediate and the porous surface structure and the substrate. This can ensure a high bonding efficiency (for example, 70% to 80%) even when the porosity of the porous structure is very high (>50%).

[0111] The positive electrode 24 and the negative electrode 25 in this embodiment are also interchangeable. This expansion method is also applicable to the subsequent embodiments, and the present invention will not elaborate on this.

[0112] Embodiment 2:

[0113] In the above-mentioned embodiment 1, the porous surface structure 21 is a structure with a certain porosity, the intermediate body 22 is located between the porous surface structure 21 and the substrate 23, and the intermediate body 22 is a non-porous bottom plate 22. In fact, the intermediate body 22 can be a solid plate as described in the embodiment 1, or a porous structure with a low porosity as described in the embodiment 2.

[0114] Therefore, the main difference from the first embodiment is that the connection structure of the second embodiment comprises a first porous structure 41 in a high porosity region, a second porous structure 42 in a low porosity region (as an intermediate) and a substrate 43, as shown in FIG. Figure 4a The second porous structure 42 is located between the first porous structure 41 and the substrate 23 .

[0115] For example, the porous structures of the first porous structure 41 and the second porous structure 42 both include a plurality of staggered supports (or beams), and some multi-directional, regular or irregular pores are formed between these supports (or beams). Among them, the porosity of the first porous structure 41 is recorded as a%, and the porosity of the second porous structure 42 is recorded as b%, a%>b%. When the value of b% is equal to 0, the second porous structure 42 here is the intermediate of the solid structure described in Example 1. Therefore, compared with the first porous structure 41 constituting a porous surface structure, when the intermediate adopts the second porous structure 42, the density of the second porous structure 42 is higher, such as the support (beam) in the second porous structure 42 is coarser and / or the porosity is lower.

[0116] In this embodiment, the first porous structure 41 and the second porous structure 42 are both made of conductive materials (such as metal materials). The first porous structure 41 and the second porous structure 42 are integrally formed structures, for example, by 3D printing additive manufacturing process, or vapor deposition process.

[0117] The first porous structure 41 and the second porous structure 42 form a composite body 4A, and the second porous structure 42 and the substrate 43 are effectively combined by resistance welding, such as convex welding method: at least part of the support (or beam) at the bottom of the second porous structure 42 is in contact with the top of the substrate 43, and the contact resistance generates resistance heat, thereby heating the contact part of the two to a molten or plastic state, so that the second porous structure 42 and the top of the substrate 43 form a metal bond, so that the composite body and the substrate 43 are connected.

[0118] At least a portion of the top of the first porous structure 41 is in contact with the positive electrode 44, at least a portion of the bottom of the second porous structure 42 is in contact with the top of the substrate 43, and the bottom of the substrate 43 is in contact with the negative electrode 45. The positive electrode 24 and the negative electrode 25 are made of metal materials. The top of the negative electrode 45 is in close contact with the bottom of the substrate 43, and the bottom of the positive electrode 44 is in close contact with the top of the first porous structure 41.

[0119] The main difference from Example 1 is that this Example 2 utilizes a second porous structure 42 in a low porosity region to replace the intermediate of the solid structure of Example 1. Although the intermediate of Example 2 is a porous structure, its porosity is relatively low and within a certain range of values, so that the second porous structure 42 and the substrate 43 can maintain a certain contact area, thereby ensuring a certain bonding efficiency. In principle, the smaller the porosity of the second porous structure 42, the higher the bonding efficiency between the composite 4A and the substrate 43, and vice versa. At the same time, the final bonding efficiency is also related to the specific arrangement of the staggered brackets (or beams) inside the porous structure, which can be designed according to actual application conditions.

[0120] The lower surface of the second porous structure 42 may also have protrusions 421, such as Figure 4b When current is applied, the current flows through the first porous structure 41 and the second porous structure 42, and the contact between the protrusions 421 of the second porous structure 42 and the top of the substrate 43 generates resistance heat, so that the bottom of the second porous structure 42 and the top of the substrate 23 form a metal bond, so that the composite body 4A formed by the first porous structure 41 and the second porous structure 42 and the substrate 43 are tightly combined.

[0121] Embodiment three:

[0122] For the above-mentioned embodiment 1, the top of the negative electrode 25 is in close contact with the bottom of the substrate 23, and the bottom of the positive electrode 24 is in close contact with the top of the porous surface structure 21; optionally, the positive electrode 24 and the negative electrode 25 are large planar electrodes and the positive electrode 24 covers the top of the porous surface structure 21, and the negative electrode 25 is covered under the bottom of the substrate 23. Since the large planar positive electrode 24 of embodiment 1 is pressed on the top of the porous surface structure 21, the large planar positive electrode 24 contacts and squeezes the surface of the porous surface structure 21, causing damage to the surface of the porous surface structure 21, such as depression due to being pressed, and blackening, depression, and reduction of pore space due to the increase of temperature caused by heat generated by contact resistance.

[0123] In order to protect the surface of the porous surface structure, the positive electrode 54 in the third embodiment is not a large flat electrode attached to the porous surface structure 51, but the positive electrode is divided into a plurality of positive electrode monomers 541 and the positive electrode monomers 541 are inserted into the gaps 5a in the porous surface structure 51 along the vertical direction, and the positive electrode monomers 541 are placed on the top of the non-porous bottom plate 52 (as an intermediate body), as shown in FIG. Figure 5Similarly, the porous surface structure 51 and the non-porous bottom plate 52 in this example are integrally formed structures, for example, by a 3D printing additive manufacturing process or a vapor deposition process. The materials and manufacturing processes of the substrate 53, the non-porous bottom plate 52, and the porous surface structure 51 in this embodiment can all be referred to in the first embodiment, and will not be described in detail here.

[0124] In this embodiment, each positive electrode monomer 541 is connected in parallel and connected to the positive terminal of the power supply, and the negative electrode 55 is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply. Figure 5 As shown, a plurality of protruding structures 521 are prefabricated at the bottom of the non-porous bottom plate 52, and the protruding structures 521 are in contact with the top of the substrate 53, and the bottom of the substrate 53 is in contact with the negative electrode 55. Optionally, the gap 5a in the porous surface structure 51 is used as the insertion space for the corresponding positive electrode monomer 541, and the gap 5a is a prefabricated pore part, which starts from the surface of the porous surface structure 51, passes through the porous surface structure 51 to the top of the non-porous bottom plate 52, so that the top of the non-porous bottom plate 52 is exposed in the gap 5a, and the bottom of the inserted positive electrode monomer 541 contacts the top of the non-porous bottom plate 52.

[0125] The positive electrode 54 of the third embodiment does not come into contact with the surface of the porous surface structure 51 , thereby solving the problem of damage caused by resistance heat generated by contact resistance between the surface of the porous surface structure and the positive electrode.

[0126] For example, the gap 5a is laterally matched with the positive electrode monomer 541, for example, it is a clearance match, that is, the gap 5a needs to ensure that after the positive electrode monomer 541 is inserted, it is also separated from the porous surface structure of the adjacent part to prevent the surface of the porous surface structure of this part from being damaged due to resistance heat, so as to protect the surface of the porous surface structure. Optionally, the positive electrode monomer 541 is a columnar structure or a structure of other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment or in other related examples.

[0127] For example, the multiple protruding structures 521 at the bottom of the non-porous bottom plate 52 correspond to the positions of each positive electrode monomer 541. For example, the contact position between the positive electrode monomer 541 and the top of the non-porous bottom plate 52 is located directly above each protruding structure 521 or in the adjacent part of the protruding structure 521, so as to ensure that the current is smoothly conducted to the non-porous bottom plate 52 until the contact surface and adjacent area between the protruding structure 521 and the top of the substrate 53, generating resistance heat to form a combination of the protruding structure 521 and the top of the substrate 23. The shape of the protruding structure 521 of this embodiment can be referred to in the first embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0128] It is worth noting that the third embodiment divides the positive electrode into a plurality of positive electrode monomers and inserts the positive electrode monomers into the voids in the porous surface structure along the vertical direction, which is also applicable to the second embodiment in which the intermediate is a second porous structure (with a lower porosity than the porous surface structure), that is, the positive electrode 44 in the second embodiment is replaced with a plurality of positive electrode monomers and each positive electrode monomer is respectively inserted into the voids in the porous surface structure 41 along the vertical direction. At this time, the prefabricated void starts from the surface of the first porous structure, passes through the first porous structure and reaches the second porous structure. The second porous structure is above the hole structure or inside the second porous structure, so that part of the second porous structure is exposed in the gap 5a, so that the bottom of the inserted positive electrode monomer contacts part of the second porous structure. Similarly, the gap is laterally matched with the positive electrode monomer, for example, it is a gap match, that is, the gap needs to ensure that after the positive electrode monomer is inserted, it is still separated from the adjacent part of the porous surface structure to avoid the surface of the porous surface structure of this part from being damaged due to resistance heat, so as to protect the surface of the porous surface structure. Other specific structures and processes are the same as those in the third embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0129] Embodiment 4:

[0130] For the above-mentioned embodiment one, the positive electrode 24 and the negative electrode 25 can be made of conductive materials (such as metal materials); the top of the negative electrode 25 is in close contact with the bottom of the substrate 23, and the bottom of the positive electrode 24 is in close contact with the top of the porous surface structure 21; the positive electrode 24 and the negative electrode 25 are large planar electrodes, and the positive electrode 24 covers the top of the porous surface structure 21, and the negative electrode 25 is covered under the bottom of the substrate 23.

[0131] The main difference from the first embodiment is that the positive electrode in the fourth embodiment is a flexible positive electrode 64, such as Figure 6a As shown. In the fourth embodiment, the flexible positive electrode 64 is a large flat electrode and covers the top of the porous surface structure 61, the negative electrode 65 is attached to the bottom of the substrate 63, and the non-porous bottom plate 62 is located between the porous surface structure 61 and the substrate 63. For example, the porous surface structure 61 and the non-porous bottom plate 62 are an integrally formed structure, for example, by a 3D printing additive manufacturing process, or a vapor deposition process. The materials and manufacturing processes of the substrate 63, the non-porous bottom plate 62, and the porous surface structure 61 of this embodiment can all be referred to in the first embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0132] In the fourth embodiment, since the flexible positive electrode 64 covers the top surface of the porous surface structure 61, a certain pressure is generated on the surface of the porous surface structure 61. At this time, the flexible positive electrode 64 produces a certain flexible deformation under the interaction of pressure, so that the contact area between it and the top of the porous surface structure 61 is increased (compared with the contact area between the hard positive electrode and the top of the porous surface structure under the same conditions). This can not only reduce the contact resistance between the positive electrode 64 and the porous surface structure 61, improve or avoid surface damage of the porous surface due to resistance heat (such as depression, blackening, reduction of pore space, etc.), protect the surface of the porous surface structure, but also enhance current conduction, increase the welding efficiency between the non-porous bottom plate 62 and the substrate 63, and increase the welding strength.

[0133] For example, the flexible material is a conductive material, such as copper foil or tin foil, etc. This embodiment is not limited to this, nor is it limited to other related examples, and can be designed according to actual application conditions.

[0134] As a variation of the fourth embodiment, it is as follows:

[0135] like Figure 6b As shown, a deformable good conductive medium 606 is added between the bottom of the positive electrode 604 and the top of the porous surface structure 601, and the deformable good conductive medium 606 covers the top surface of the porous surface structure 601. Optionally, the deformable good conductive medium 606 is a continuous solid film, such as copper foil. Similarly, the intermediate 602 is located between the porous surface structure 601 and the substrate 603, and the top of the negative electrode 605 is in close contact with the bottom of the substrate 603. The positive electrode 604 is a large flat electrode and covers the top surface of the deformable good conductive medium 606. Since the deformable good conductive medium 606 is very easy to deform, the contact area between it and the porous surface structure 601 is increased, which can not only reduce the contact resistance between the porous surface structure 601 and the positive electrode 604 above it, reduce resistance heat, and reduce surface damage to the porous surface structure 601, but also increase the current conduction effect, so that the welding strength between the intermediate 602 and the substrate 603 is increased.

[0136] According to the above deformation method, further expansion can be made as follows:

[0137] like Figure 6cAs shown, the pores between the bottom of the positive electrode 6004 and the top of the porous surface structure 6001 are filled with good conductive material powder 6006 (or good conductive wire), which can reduce the contact resistance between the positive electrode 6004 and the surface of the porous surface structure 6001, thereby reducing the surface damage of the porous surface structure 6001, and at the same time can increase the current conduction effect and increase the welding efficiency between the intermediate 6002 and the substrate 6003. Preferably, the material of the good conductive material powder 6006 (or good conductive wire) is the same as that of the porous surface structure 6001, for example, titanium powder (or titanium wire). Similarly, as Figure 6c , the intermediate 6002 is located between the porous surface structure 6001 and the substrate 6003, and the top of the negative electrode 6005 is in close contact with the bottom of the substrate 6003. In another different example, by spraying a conductive material on the surface of the porous surface structure, the contact resistance between the electrode and the porous surface structure can also be reduced, and the surface damage of the porous surface structure can be reduced, which will not be elaborated in the present invention.

[0138] Regardless of the above-mentioned deformable good conductive medium 606, good conductive material powder 6006 (or good conductive wire), sprayed conductive material or liquid conductive agent, they all need to be properly removed after the porous surface structure and the substrate are welded together to ensure that the pores of the porous surface structure are open.

[0139] It is worth noting that after any of the above embodiments completes the connection between the porous surface structure and the substrate, a layer of hydroxyapatite (HA) coating can be separately sprayed on the surface of the porous surface structure. The HA coating has good bioactivity and biocompatibility, which is beneficial to the subsequent bone ingrowth process; or, a layer of coating containing antibacterial silver ions or other coating containing cell growth factors can be separately sprayed on the surface of the porous surface structure.

[0140] Based on the above, the present invention also provides a modified example, which is as follows:

[0141] In order to avoid or improve the surface damage of the porous surface structure due to resistance heat, it is necessary to improve the conductivity of the porous surface structure as much as possible to reduce the contact resistance between it and the electrode. In this modified example, the melt of a specific material (a material with good conductivity) is infiltrated into the porous surface structure, and the melt can almost fill the pores in the porous surface structure of the selected part (the upper part of the spacer layer). At this time, it is not only necessary to limit the melting point of the melt with good conductivity to a lower value, but also to set a spacer layer in the porous surface structure. The spacer layer is preferably made of a conductive material to prevent the melt from penetrating downward and flowing to the intermediate below, so as to avoid affecting the effect of resistance welding. After the resistance welding process is completed, the combined whole is placed in a high-temperature environment. Since the melting point of the specific conductive medium is lower than that of the porous surface structure and the substrate (such as titanium alloy), the high-temperature environment has little effect on the substrate, but the low-melting-point conductive medium will be melted, and the added low-melting-point conductive medium will be removed by some processes of the prior art.

[0142] Embodiment five:

[0143] For the above-mentioned embodiment 2, the positive electrode 24 and the negative electrode 25 are made of conductive material (metal material), the top of the negative electrode 45 is in close contact with the bottom of the substrate 43, and the bottom of the positive electrode 44 is in close contact with the top of the first porous structure 41 in the high porosity region. The main difference from the embodiment 2 is that the positive electrode of the present embodiment 5 is a flexible positive electrode 74 made of a flexible material, not the metal material in the above-mentioned embodiment, such as Figure 7 shown.

[0144] In the fifth embodiment, the flexible positive electrode 74 is a large flat electrode and covers the top of the first porous structure 71 in the high porosity region, the negative electrode 75 is attached to the bottom of the substrate 73, and the second porous structure 72 in the low porosity region is located between the first porous structure 71 and the substrate 73 in the high porosity region. Optionally, the first porous structure 71 and the second porous structure 72 are integrally formed structures, for example, by a 3D printing additive manufacturing process, or a vapor deposition process. The materials and manufacturing processes of the substrate 73, the second porous structure 72, and the first porous structure 71 in this embodiment can all be referred to in the second embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0145] In this embodiment, the flexible positive electrode 74 covers the top surface of the first porous structure 71, and generates a certain pressure on the top surface of the first porous structure 71. At this time, the flexible material of the flexible positive electrode 74 will produce a certain flexible deformation under the interaction of pressure, so that the contact area between it and the top of the first porous structure 71 is increased (compared with the contact area between the hard positive electrode and the top of the first porous structure under the same conditions). This can not only reduce the contact resistance between the positive electrode 74 and the porous surface structure 71, improve or avoid surface damage of the porous surface due to resistance heat (such as depression, blackening, reduced pore space, etc.), protect the surface of the porous surface structure, but also enhance current conduction, increase the welding efficiency between the non-porous bottom plate 72 and the substrate 73, and increase the welding strength.

[0146] For example, the flexible material is a conductive material, such as copper foil or tin foil, etc. This embodiment is not limited to this, nor is it limited to other related examples, and can be designed according to actual application conditions.

[0147] Similar to Example 2 ( Figure 4b As shown), the lower surface of the low-porosity base plate 72 may have bumps to increase resistance welding efficiency.

[0148] Embodiment six:

[0149] Based on the above-mentioned embodiment 1, in the sixth embodiment, not only is a non-porous bottom plate 812 (or a porous structure with low porosity) arranged between the porous surface structure 811 and the substrate 813, but also a plurality of protruding structures are prefabricated on the bottom surface of the non-porous bottom plate 812, and the protruding structures are in contact with the top of the substrate 813, but also a plurality of supporting columns 816a are arranged on the surface of the non-porous bottom plate 812 close to the porous surface structure, such as Figure 8a As shown, the support column 816a is between the non-porous bottom plate 812 and the positive electrode 814. The support column 816a is located inside the porous surface structure 811, and the top of the support column 816a is substantially flush with the top of the porous surface structure, and the height of the support column 816a is substantially equal to the height of the porous surface structure. Similarly, the top of the negative electrode 815 in this embodiment six is ​​also in close contact with the bottom of the substrate 813. Of course, the height direction described here is the orientation shown in the figure, and the above-mentioned orientation regulations are only used to represent the illustration, and are not necessarily used as the orientation in actual applications. The regulations of the subsequent related embodiments are consistent with this.

[0150] In this embodiment, the support column 816a is a solid structure with good conductivity. Each support column 816a is directly opposite to each corresponding protrusion structure below it, so that the area covered by the support column 816a at least partially overlaps with the contact part between the protrusion structure and the substrate 813, and the size of the support column 816a matches the protrusion structure.

[0151] Optionally, the non-porous bottom plate 812, the porous surface structure 811 and the support column 816a are an integrally formed structure, for example, achieved by a 3D printing additive manufacturing process, or a vapor deposition process.

[0152] In this example, although the surface of the porous surface structure 811 is still partially in contact with the positive electrode 814 above it, since the support column 816a is a solid structure with good conductivity and the porous surface structure 811 has pores, most of the current flowing out of the electrode preferentially passes through the solid support column 816a with good conductivity, which greatly reduces the surface damage of the porous surface structure 811 caused by resistive heat and can also enhance the current conduction effect. The welding efficiency between the non-porous bottom plate 812 and the substrate 813 is increased, ensuring sufficient welding strength.

[0153] Embodiment seven:

[0154] As a variation of the sixth embodiment, the seventh embodiment is varied in that: in order to completely avoid the porous surface structure from contacting with the positive electrode above it to generate resistance heat and thus cause damage to the surface of the porous surface structure, such as Figure 8b As shown, in the seventh embodiment, the top ends of all support pillars 816b are set to be higher than the top surface of the porous surface structure, and the height of each support pillar 816b is higher than the height of the porous surface structure of its corresponding adjacent part. In this way, the positive electrode will first contact the support pillar 816b at a higher position, thereby avoiding the positive electrode from contacting the porous surface structure 811 at a lower position.

[0155] Since the height of the support column 816b in this example exceeds the porous surface structure, in order to ensure the basic function of the entire connection structure, the part of the support column 816b that is higher than the porous surface structure 811 can be removed by cutting or other processes after welding to ensure a smooth surface. Figure 8b As shown, the positive electrode can not only be Figure 8a The continuous large flat positive electrode shown can also be a plurality of segmented positive electrode monomers 814b, each segment of the positive electrode monomer 814b is pressed on the top of the corresponding support column 816b, and the positive electrode monomer 814b is connected in parallel to a large flat electrode or directly to the positive terminal of the power supply.

[0156] Embodiment eight:

[0157] Based on the above-mentioned sixth and seventh embodiments, the eighth embodiment is further expanded. The idea of ​​the expansion is: Figure 8cAs shown, the top of each support column 816c is lower than the top surface of the corresponding part of the porous surface structure, the height of the support column 816c is lower than the height of the porous surface structure, and the support column 816a is hidden inside the porous surface structure 811, that is, the porous structure is above the support column 816c. In this case, the positive electrode 814 will contact the first surface of the porous surface structure 811 below it, so that the top surface of the porous surface structure 811 will sink a little due to the heat generated by the contact resistance until it sinks to the top position of the support column 816c (the maximum sinking degree can only sink to the top position of the support column, and when the sinking degree is not large, the sinking position is higher than the top position of the support column). Because the support column 816c is a solid structure, the support column 816c plays a limiting role, ensuring that the height of the final porous surface structure reaches the height position of the support column, avoiding excessive compression of the porous surface structure. Optionally, there may be a recessed structure above the support column 816c, so that the top of the support column 816c is lower than the top surface of the porous surface structure of the corresponding part, and the support column 816c can also play a limiting role.

[0158] For example, the non-porous bottom plate 812, the porous surface structure 811 and the support column 816c may be an integrally formed structure, for example, achieved by a 3D printing additive manufacturing process, or a vapor deposition process.

[0159] In this embodiment, although the top surface of the porous surface structure 811 is in contact with the positive electrode 814 above, the support column 816c is a solid structure with good conductivity, and because the porous surface structure 811 has pores, most of the current selectively flows through the support column 816c to the protruding structure and the base 813, which not only ensures the welding strength between the non-porous bottom plate 812 and the base 813, but also reduces the damage to the surface of the porous surface structure to a certain extent. Although the surface of the porous surface structure is still damaged to a certain extent in this embodiment eight, because the top of the support column 816c is always lower than the surface of the porous surface structure 811, it does not affect the basic function of the connection structure applied to the corresponding field.

[0160] based on Figure 8b and Figure 8c In another example (not shown), a set height position is selected on the support column which is originally higher than the surface of the porous surface structure 811 and the position above is designed as a pore structure, which is no longer Figure 8bThe support column with the surface flush with the one shown in . At this time, the positive electrode first contacts the top pore structure at a higher position, the top pore structure of the support column is pressed and sinks a little due to the heat generated by the contact resistance, and the support column sinks to the above-mentioned set position of the support column, so that the support column is basically flush with the porous structure next to it (the maximum sinking degree can only sink to the set position, and when the sinking degree is not large, the sinking position is higher than the set position). In this case, it can completely avoid the porous surface structure and the positive electrode above it from contacting to generate resistance heat to cause damage to its surface, and there is no need for additional processing technology to remove the excess part of the support column that is higher than the porous surface structure.

[0161] Embodiment nine:

[0162] For the above-mentioned embodiment six, a non-porous bottom plate 812 (or a porous structure with low porosity) is arranged between the porous surface structure 811 and the substrate 813, and a plurality of protruding structures are pre-fabricated on the bottom surface of the non-porous bottom plate 812, and the protruding structures are in contact with the top of the substrate 813. At the same time, a plurality of support columns 816a with a solid structure with good conductivity are arranged on the surface of the non-porous bottom plate 812 close to the porous surface structure, and the support columns 816a are between the non-porous bottom plate 812 and the positive electrode 814.

[0163] The main difference from the sixth embodiment is that the bottom surface of the non-porous bottom plate 912a disposed between the porous surface structure 911 and the substrate 913 in the ninth embodiment is not manufactured with the above-mentioned protruding structure (such as bumps), and a plurality of well-conductive support columns 916a are also disposed on the surface of the non-porous bottom plate 912a close to the porous surface structure, and the support columns 916a are between the non-porous bottom plate 912a and the positive electrode 914, as shown in FIG. Figure 9a As shown, the bottom surface of the non-porous bottom plate 912a is in almost planar contact with the substrate 813.

[0164] For example, the support column 916a is located inside the porous surface structure 911, and the height of the support column 916a is basically flush with the top surface of the porous surface structure, and the height of the support column 916a is basically equal to the height of the porous surface structure. Similarly, the top of the negative electrode 915 is also in close contact with the bottom of the substrate 913.

[0165] For example, the non-porous bottom plate 812, the porous surface structure 811 and the support column 816a are an integrally formed structure, for example, achieved by a 3D printing additive manufacturing process, or a vapor deposition process.

[0166] In the ninth embodiment, although the surface of the porous surface structure is still partially in contact with the positive electrode 814 above it, the support column 916a is a solid structure with good conductivity. Since the porous surface structure 911 has pores, most of the current flowing out of the electrode preferentially passes through the support column 916a of the solid structure with good conductivity and passes through the non-porous bottom plate 912a to the base 913. Even if there is no protruding structure at the bottom end of the non-porous bottom plate 912a, a plurality of columnar support columns 916a with good conductivity are provided in the ninth embodiment. There is still enough current and resistance heat to ensure sufficient welding strength between the non-porous bottom plate 912a and the base 913, and the damage to the surface of the porous surface structure can be reduced to a certain extent.

[0167] Embodiment ten:

[0168] As a variation of the ninth embodiment, the variation idea of ​​the tenth embodiment is: Figure 9b As shown, in addition to the features of the non-porous bottom plate (or porous structure with low porosity) without a protruding structure in the ninth embodiment, in order to completely avoid surface damage of the porous surface structure 911 due to heat generated by contact resistance, the top ends of all support columns 916b are specially set to be higher than the top surface of the porous surface structure, and the height of each support column 916b is higher than the porous surface structure of its corresponding adjacent part. The positive electrode in this example will first contact the support column 916b disposed at a higher position, thereby avoiding contact between the positive electrode and the porous surface structure 911 at a lower position. In addition, since the height of the support column 916b exceeds the porous surface structure, in order to ensure the basic function of the overall connection structure, after welding is completed, the part of the support column 916b that is higher than the porous surface structure 911 can be removed by cutting and other processes to ensure a smooth surface. Further, as Figure 9b As shown, the positive electrode can not only be Figure 9a The continuous large flat positive electrode shown can also be a plurality of segmented positive electrode monomers 914b, each segment of the positive electrode monomer 914b is pressed on the upper end of the corresponding support column 916b, and the positive electrode monomer 914b is connected in parallel to a large flat electrode or directly to the positive terminal of the power supply.

[0169] Embodiment eleven:

[0170] Different from the first embodiment, the positive electrode 1014a in the eleventh embodiment is not a large flat electrode attached to the porous surface structure 1011, but the positive electrode 54 is divided into a plurality of positive electrode monomers 001 and the positive electrode monomers 001 are inserted into the gaps 10a in the porous surface structure 1011 along the vertical direction. Fig.10aAs shown, the positive electrode monomer 001 is placed on the top of the non-porous bottom plate 1012a (or a porous structure with low porosity). For example, multiple positive electrode monomers 001 are connected in parallel and are all connected to a large flat electrode or directly connected to the positive terminal of the power supply, and the negative electrode 1015 is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply.

[0171] Optionally, the porous surface structure 1011 and the non-porous bottom plate 1012a are integrally formed structures, for example, achieved through a 3D printing additive manufacturing process, or a vapor deposition process.

[0172] like Fig.10a As shown, the gap 10a in the porous surface structure 1011 serves as the insertion space for the corresponding positive electrode monomer 001, and the gap 10a is a prefabricated pore. The bottom end of the positive electrode 1014a in this example does not contact the top end of the porous surface structure 101, so as to avoid damage to the surface of the porous surface structure 1011 due to resistance heat. Among them, the gap 10a is laterally matched with the positive electrode monomer 001, for example, it is a gap match, that is, the gap 10a needs to ensure that after the positive electrode monomer 001 is inserted, it is also separated from the adjacent part of the porous surface structure to avoid damage to the porous surface structure of this part due to resistance heat.

[0173] The non-porous base plate in the above-mentioned embodiment 1 is provided with a protruding structure (such as a bump) for generating a larger contact resistance and resistive heat, but the present embodiment eleven is different therefrom. No protruding structure is provided at the bottom of the non-porous base plate 1012a in this example. However, since the positive electrode 1014a itself is in direct contact with the non-porous base plate 1012a, and each positive electrode monomer 001 is respectively connected to a power source, the current flows directly from the positive electrode monomer 001 and passes through the non-porous base plate 1012a and the substrate 1013 (without passing through the porous surface structure 1011), that is, sufficient current and resistive heat can still be guaranteed, so that the non-porous base plate 1012a and the substrate 1013 have sufficient welding strength.

[0174] Embodiment 12:

[0175] As a variation of the eleventh embodiment, the variation point of the twelfth embodiment is that: a plurality of well-conductive solid support structures 10b are arranged on the top surface of the non-porous bottom plate 1012b (or a porous structure with low porosity), and the support structures 10b are placed in the pores reserved inside the porous surface structure 1011, such as Fig.10b The support structure 10b is used to place and support each positive electrode monomer 001 in the positive electrode 1014a. The positive electrode monomer 001 is located in the groove opened by the support structure 10b and cooperates with the groove to ensure that all positive electrode monomers 001 are in good contact with the corresponding support structure 10b.

[0176] For example, the non-porous bottom plate 1012b, the porous surface structure 1011 and the support column support structure 10b are an integrally formed structure, for example, achieved by a 3D printing additive manufacturing process, or a vapor deposition process.

[0177] Optionally, the top of the support structure 10b is substantially flush with the top of the porous surface structure 1011, and the height of the support structure 10b is substantially equal to the height of the porous surface structure 1011; alternatively, the top of the support structure 10b is lower than the top of the porous surface structure 1011; alternatively, the top of the support structure 10b is higher than the top of the porous surface structure 1011 and with the aid of a subsequent cutting process, the top of the final support structure 10b is flush with the top of the porous surface structure 1011; the present invention does not limit the selection of the height design method. Similarly, in this example, even if there is no protruding structure at the bottom end of the non-porous bottom plate 1012b, the positive electrode 1014a is conductively connected to the non-porous bottom plate 1012b through the support structure 10b of a solid structure with good conductivity, and each positive electrode monomer 001 is respectively connected to a power source, the current flows directly from the positive electrode monomer 001 and passes through the non-porous bottom plate 1012b and the substrate 1013 (without passing through the porous surface structure 1011), that is, sufficient current and resistive heat can still be guaranteed, so that the non-porous bottom plate 1012b and the substrate 1013 have sufficient welding strength.

[0178] Embodiment 13:

[0179] Different from the eighth embodiment, the non-porous bottom plate is not provided between the porous surface structure 1111 and the substrate 1113 in the thirteenth embodiment. The improvement is that: the bottom of at least a part of the porous surface structure 1111 is connected with a protruding structure 1112a (such as a bump) of a good conductive solid structure, and the protruding structure 1112a is in contact with the top of the substrate 1113, such as Fig.11a As shown, at the same time, a support column 1116a with a solid structure and good conductivity can be set at any position in the porous surface structure 1111.

[0180] In this example, the support column 1116a and the protruding structure 1112a can be staggered. Fig.11a shown.

[0181] For example, the porous surface structure 1111, the protruding structure 1112a, and the support column 1116a are integrally formed structures, for example, achieved through a 3D printing additive manufacturing process, or a vapor deposition process.

[0182] Optionally, the support column 1116a is hidden inside the porous surface structure 1111 , the top of the support column 1116a is lower than the top of the porous surface structure 1111 , and the bottom of the support column 1116a is higher than the bottom of the porous surface structure 1111 .

[0183] In this example, the limiting effect of the support column 1116a can be used to prevent the porous surface structure 1111 from being over-compressed, because the positive electrode 1114 will first contact the top surface of the porous surface structure 1111 below it, and then the surface of the porous surface structure 1111 will be damaged by heat generated by the contact resistance and sink a small amount until it sinks to the top of the support column 1116a (the maximum sinking degree can only sink to the top position, and even when the sinking degree is not large, the sinking position is higher than the top position). Because the support column 1116a is a solid structure, the support column 1116a plays a limiting role to ensure that the final porous surface structure The height of the structure surface reaches the height position where the support column is located; at the same time, the solid structure of the support column 1116a with good conductivity can be used, so that most of the current preferably chooses to pass through the support column 1116a, and then passes through the porous surface structure near the support column 1116a to reach the protruding structure 1112a, which can improve the damage problem of the porous surface structure caused by heat generated by contact resistance; furthermore, in this example, the convex points of the protruding structure 1112a are further used to increase the contact resistance with the substrate 1113, so as to generate sufficient resistance heat, so that the protruding structure 1112a and the substrate 1113 have sufficient welding strength.

[0184] Embodiment 14:

[0185] The above-mentioned embodiment thirteen describes that the support column 1116a and the protruding structure 1112a are staggered. As a variation of the embodiment thirteen, the present embodiment fourteen designs the protruding structure 1112b and the support column 1116b above it to be matched directly, and the two at least partially overlap (such as partially overlap or completely overlap), such as Fig.11b shown.

[0186] For example, the porous surface structure 1111, the protruding structure 1112b, and the support column 1116b are integrally formed structures, for example, achieved through a 3D printing additive manufacturing process, or a vapor deposition process.

[0187] In the fourteenth embodiment, the support column 1116b is hidden inside the porous surface structure 1111, the top of the support column 1116b is lower than the top of the porous surface structure 1111, and the height of the support column 1116b is lower than the height of the porous surface structure. The protrusion structure 1112b is in contact with the top of the base 1113.

[0188] In this example, the support column 1116b can also be used to avoid excessive compression of the porous surface structure 1111, because the positive electrode 1114 will first contact the surface of the porous surface structure 1111 below it, and then the surface of the porous surface structure 1111 will be damaged due to heat generated by contact resistance, resulting in a small amount of sinking until it sinks to the top of the support column 1116b (the maximum sinking degree can only sink to the top position, and even when the sinking degree is not large, the sinking position is higher than the top position). Because the support column 1116b is a solid structure with good conductivity, the support column 1116b plays a limiting role, ensuring that the height of the final porous surface structure reaches the height position of the support column; at the same time, the solid good conductive structure of the support column 1116a can also be used, and the current mostly preferably chooses to pass through the support column 1116a, which can improve the problem of damage to the top surface of the porous surface structure due to heat generated by contact resistance; furthermore, in this example, the protruding structure 1112b can also be used to increase the contact resistance of the substrate 1113 to generate enough resistance heat, so that the protruding structure 1112b and the substrate 1113 have sufficient welding strength. It is worth noting that the welding efficiency of this embodiment 14 is better than that of the embodiment 13, because the protruding structure 1112b and the support column 1116b are directly matched, and the current flows through the support column 1116b and then directly passes through the protruding structure 1112b, while in the embodiment 13, the current flows through the support column 1116a and then needs to pass through the pore structure in the porous surface structure before flowing through the protruding structure 1112a.

[0189] As a variation of the fourteenth embodiment, the variation idea is: the height of the above-mentioned support column is changed to be lower than the porous surface structure: the support column 1116c is located inside the porous surface structure 111 and the top of the support column 1116c is basically flush with the top of the porous surface structure, and the height of the support column 1116c is basically equal to the height of the porous surface structure. At this time, the protruding structure 1112c is also matched with the support column 1116c above it, and the two are at least partially overlapped (such as partially overlapped or completely overlapped), such as Fig.11c shown.

[0190] For example, the porous surface structure 1111, the protruding structure 1112c, and the support column 1116c are integrally formed structures, for example, by a 3D printing additive manufacturing process or a vapor deposition process, etc. The other contents of this variant implementation can refer to the above-mentioned embodiment 6 and the above-mentioned embodiment 14, and will not be repeated here.

[0191] Similarly, as another variation of the fourteenth embodiment, the variation idea is to change the height of the support column recorded above to be lower than the porous surface structure to: set the top surface of all the support columns 1116d to be higher than the top surface of the porous surface structure, such as Fig.11dAs shown, the height of each support column 1116d is higher than the height of the porous surface structure of its corresponding adjacent portion. At this time, the protruding structure 1112d also directly matches the support column 1116d above it, and the two at least partially overlap (such as partially overlap or completely overlap), such as Fig.11d As shown. For example, the porous surface structure 1111, the protruding structure 1112d, and the support column 1116d are integrally formed structures, for example, realized by a 3D printing additive manufacturing process, or a vapor deposition process, etc. The other contents of this variant implementation can refer to the above-mentioned embodiment 7 and the above-mentioned embodiment 14, and will not be repeated here.

[0192] Embodiment 15:

[0193] like Fig.12 As shown, in the fifteenth embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment, a plurality of limiting posts 1216 are further provided between the non-porous bottom plate 1212 (or a porous structure with low porosity) and the positive electrode 1214, and the limiting posts 1216 are placed on the surface of the non-porous bottom plate 1212 close to the porous surface structure 1211. Optionally, the top surface of the limiting posts 1216 is lower than the top surface of the corresponding part of the porous surface structure, the height of the limiting posts 1216 is lower than the height of the porous surface structure, and the limiting posts 1216 are hidden inside the porous surface structure 1211. Similarly, a plurality of protruding structures 12a are prefabricated at the bottom end of the non-porous bottom plate 1212 in the fifteenth embodiment, and the protruding structures 12a are in contact with the top of the substrate 1213.

[0194] In the fifteenth embodiment, the positive electrode 1214 will first contact the surface of the porous surface structure 1211 at a higher position below it, and then the surface of the porous surface structure 1211 will be damaged due to heat generated by contact resistance and will sink until it sinks to the top position of the limiting column 1216 (the maximum sinking degree can only sink to the top position, and even when the sinking degree is not large, the sinking position is higher than the top position). Because the limiting column 1216 is a solid structure, the limiting column 1216 plays a limiting role, ensuring that the final height of the porous surface structure reaches the height position of the limiting column 1216, thereby avoiding excessive compression of the porous surface structure.

[0195] For example, the limiting column 1216 can be distributed opposite or staggered with the corresponding raised structures 12a below it; at the same time, whether the material of the limiting column 1216 in this embodiment is a conductive material or a non-conductive material, the present invention does not limit this, as long as the limiting function of the limiting column 1216 can be finally satisfied to avoid excessive compression of the porous surface structure. Among them, when the limiting column 1216 is a conductive material, the current mostly preferably chooses to pass through the limiting column 1216, and then passes through the porous surface structure near the limiting column 1216 to reach the corresponding raised structure 12a, which can improve the damage problem caused by contact resistance heat generation on the surface of the porous surface structure. When the limiting column 1216 is a non-conductive material, the current reaches the porous surface structure 1211 from the positive electrode 1214 to the raised structure 12a. Although the above situation of this embodiment still causes a certain degree of damage to the surface of the porous surface structure, since the limiting column 1216 is always lower than the surface of the porous surface structure 1212, it will not affect the basic function of the entire connection structure applied to related fields.

[0196] Embodiment 16:

[0197] The porous surface structure of the present invention is combined with the substrate by resistance welding (e.g., projection welding). When the area of ​​the workpiece to be welded is too large, a larger number of projection structures are required. After the projection structures are determined, in order to ensure the welding strength between each projection structure and the substrate, the total current of the electrode needs to be increased, which may lead to an increase in the cost of the power supply equipment, electrode damage, and increased surface damage to the porous surface structure. In this case, the workpiece to be welded can be welded in different areas or batches.

[0198] In the sixteenth embodiment, the porous surface structure 1311 is divided into regions and resistance welded with the substrate 1313 in batches, such as Fig.13 As shown, the first positive electrode 1314-1 is connected to the top of the porous surface structure 1311-1 corresponding to the first region, and the second positive electrode 1314-2 is connected to the top of the porous surface structure 1311-2 corresponding to the second region. The top of the negative electrode 1315 is in close contact with the bottom of the substrate 1313, and a non-porous bottom plate 1312 (or a porous structure with low porosity) is arranged between the porous surface structure 1311 and the substrate 1313, and a plurality of protruding structures are prefabricated on the bottom surface of the non-porous bottom plate 1312, and the protruding structures are in contact with the top of the substrate 1313.

[0199] In this embodiment, the porous surface structure 1311 is welded by resistance welding in different areas. However, during the zone welding, the positive electrode corresponding to each area may not be able to completely cover the corresponding porous surface structure. For example, the edge of one side of any two adjacent areas cannot be completely covered. At this time, the edge of each area may be slightly higher (i.e., convex edge) than the other covered parts, which affects the surface flatness of the porous surface structure 1311 and may even affect the basic functions of the connection structure applied to related fields (such as bone ingrowth).

[0200] In order to overcome the above defects, the porous surface structure 1311 of the sixteenth embodiment is provided with a groove 13a, and the top of the porous surface structure 1311 is divided into multiple areas, such as the porous surface structure 1311-1 in the first area and the porous surface structure 1311-2 in the second area in the figure. The groove 13a is in the shape of a long strip, and the porous surface structure 1311-1 in the first area and the porous surface structure 1311-2 in the second area are respectively located on both sides of the long strip groove 13a. The top of the groove 13a is lower than the top of the porous surface structure 1311. The height of the groove 13a is less than the height of the porous surface structure 1311.

[0201] For example, the main body of the non-porous bottom plate 1312, the groove 13a, and the porous surface structure 1311 are an integrally formed structure, for example, realized by a 3D printing additive manufacturing process, or a vapor deposition process, etc. The groove 13a can also be formed by machining.

[0202] Fig.13 The figure shows that there is a gap between the first positive electrode 1314-1 and the second positive electrode 1314-2. At this time, the first positive electrode 1314-1 and the second positive electrode 1314-2 can be arranged in a certain order. Fig.13 It is only a schematic representation of the position, or the first positive electrode 1314-1 and the second positive electrode 1314-2 can be pressed on the porous surface structure of the corresponding area at the same time in no particular order; and the coverage area of ​​the positive electrode corresponding to each divided area is larger than the surface area of ​​the porous surface structure 1311-1 of the corresponding area.

[0203] Since the groove 13a is designed in this embodiment, Fig.13 In the figure, a side of the groove 13a close to the first positive electrode 1314-1 is recorded as a first side, and the other side of the groove 13a close to the second positive electrode 1314-2 is recorded as a second side.

[0204] In this embodiment, the porous surface structure 1311-1 in the first region is first connected to the substrate 1313 by resistance welding: the bottom surface of the first positive electrode 1314-1 covers the porous surface structure 1311-1 in the corresponding region, and the portion of the first positive electrode 1314-1 that exceeds the connection region does not exceed the edge of the second side of the groove 13a. The first positive electrode 1314-1 and the porous surface structure 1311-1 in the first region generate heat due to contact resistance, resulting in a small amount of sinking of the surface of the porous surface structure 1311-1 in the first region, but no convex edge is formed; then the second The porous surface structure 1311-2 of the region is resistance welded with the substrate 1313: the second positive electrode 1314-2 covers the surface of the porous surface structure 1311-2 of the corresponding region, and the portion of the second positive electrode 1314-2 that exceeds the connection region does not exceed the edge of one side of the first positive electrode 1314-1 close to the second positive electrode 1314-2. The second positive electrode 1314-2 and the porous surface structure 1311-2 of the second region generate heat due to contact resistance, resulting in a small amount of sinking of the surface of the porous surface structure 1311-2 of the second region, but no convex edge is formed. When the first positive electrode 1314-1 and the second positive electrode 1314-2 are arranged in a sequential order, the first positive electrode 1314-1 and the second positive electrode 1314-2 can be the same electrode.

[0205] Alternatively, the first positive electrode 1314-1 and the second positive electrode 1314-2 are pressed on the porous surface structure of the corresponding area at the same time in no particular order, and the porous surface structure 1311-1 of the first area and the porous surface structure 1311-2 of the second area are resistance welded to the substrate at the same time, wherein the bottom surface of the first positive electrode 1314-1 covers the porous surface structure 1311-1 of the corresponding area, and the portion of the first positive electrode 1314-1 that exceeds the connection area does not exceed the edge of the second side of the groove 13a; and the second positive electrode 1314-2 covers and contacts the surface of the porous surface structure 1311-2 of the corresponding area, and the portion of the second positive electrode 1314-2 that exceeds the connection area does not exceed the edge of the first side of the groove 13a.

[0206] This method solves the problem of edge convexity caused by zone welding. The process needs to control the position of the porous surface structure to sink higher than the top of the groove 13a.

[0207] As a variation of the sixteenth embodiment, the following is provided:

[0208] like Fig.14As shown, the first positive electrode 1414-1 is connected to the top of the porous surface structure 1411-1 corresponding to the first region, and the second positive electrode 1414-2 is connected to the top of the porous surface structure 1411-2 corresponding to the second region. The top of the negative electrode 1415 is in close contact with the bottom of the substrate 1413, and a non-porous bottom plate 1412 (or a porous structure with low porosity) is arranged between the porous surface structure 1411 and the substrate 1413, and a plurality of protruding structures are prefabricated on the bottom surface of the non-porous bottom plate 1412, and the protruding structures are in contact with the top of the substrate 1413.

[0209] The porous surface structure 1411 is provided with grooves 14a, which divide the top of the porous surface structure 1411 into multiple areas, such as the porous surface structure 1411-1 in the first area and the porous surface structure 1411-2 in the second area in the figure. The groove 14a is in the shape of an elongated strip, and the porous surface structure 1411-1 in the first area and the porous surface structure 1411-2 in the second area are respectively located on both sides of the elongated groove 14a. The top of the groove 14a is lower than the top of the porous surface structure 1411. The height of the groove 14a is less than the height of the porous surface structure 1411. Since the groove 14a is designed in this embodiment, Fig.14 In the figure, a side of the groove 14a close to the first positive electrode 1414-1 is recorded as a first side, and the other side of the groove 14a close to the second positive electrode 1414-2 is recorded as a second side.

[0210] like Fig.14 As shown, there is an overlapped portion between the first positive electrode 1414-1 and the second positive electrode 1414-2 (the first positive electrode 1414-1 and the second positive electrode 1414-2 are arranged in a sequential order, Fig.14 It is only a representation of the location).

[0211] The first positive electrode 1414-1 contacts the porous surface structure 1411-1 of the first area, and the first positive electrode 1414-1 exceeds the groove 14a, and further contacts part of the porous surface structure 1411-2 of the second area. After the welding process is completed, the surface of the porous surface structure 1411-2 of the second area sinks a little and the surface of the edge of the porous surface structure 1411-2 of the second area will have an indentation convex edge; then the second positive electrode 1414-2 contacts the porous surface structure 1411-2 of the second area, and the second positive electrode 1414-2 spans the entire groove 14a, and the second positive electrode 1414-2 exceeds the above-mentioned indentation convex edge, ensuring that the second positive electrode 1414-2 is pressed against the indentation convex edge that may be produced by the above-mentioned porous surface structure 1411-2, so that the above-mentioned indentation convex edge is flattened.

[0212] Alternatively, the first positive electrode 1414-1 contacts the porous surface structure 1411-1 of the first region, and the first positive electrode 1414-1 does not exceed the first side of the groove 14a. After the welding process is completed, the surface of the porous surface structure 1411-1 of the first region sinks a little and there is an indentation convex edge on the surface. Then the second positive electrode 1414-2 contacts the porous surface structure 1411-2 of the second region, and the second positive electrode 1414-2 spans the entire groove 13a, and the second positive electrode 1414-2 exceeds the indentation convex edge generated on the surface of the porous surface structure 1411-1, ensuring that the second positive electrode 1414-2 presses the indentation convex edge generated on the surface of the porous surface structure 1411-1, so that the indentation convex edge is flattened. The process needs to control the position where the porous surface structure sinks to be higher than the top of the groove 14a or basically flush.

[0213] Embodiment 17:

[0214] The similarity with the sixteenth embodiment is that the seventeenth embodiment still adopts the resistance welding of the sub-areas; however, the difference from the sixteenth embodiment is that, in order to solve the problem of the indentation and convex edge caused by the sub-area welding, the porous surface structure of the seventeenth embodiment (not shown) does not adopt the groove design. In this example, when the porous surface structure of two adjacent sub-areas is resistance-welded in sequence, because the coverage area of ​​the first positive electrode is smaller than the area of ​​the corresponding area, the edge of the first area will be convex after the first partition resistance welding (the convexity here is a relative position relationship of height, which means that the edge part without depression is higher than the other depressed parts). At this time, it is necessary to ensure that the second positive electrode for the next resistance welding can cover the edge part of the first area where the convexity originally occurred, so that the porous surface structure of the convex edge part will be concave during the second resistance welding process, thereby avoiding the problem of edge indentation and convex edge caused by the sub-area welding.

[0215] Embodiment 18:

[0216] like Fig.15 As shown, the top of the non-porous bottom plate 1512 of the eighteenth embodiment is provided with a limiting structure 15a, which is in the shape of a long strip and can be used as a reference for area division. The limiting structure 15a is provided at the edge of the adjacent sides of any two adjacent areas. The top of the limiting structure 15a is lower than the top of the porous surface structure 1511, and the height of the limiting structure 15a is less than the height of the porous surface structure 1511. For example, the main body of the non-porous bottom plate 1512, the limiting structure 15a, and the porous surface structure 1511 are an integrally formed structure, for example, realized by a 3D printing additive manufacturing process, or a vapor deposition process, etc.

[0217] The limiting structure 15a in this embodiment is a solid structure or a porous structure having a lower porosity than the porous surface structure 1311-1 and the porous surface structure 1311-2.

[0218] The positive electrode of the eighteenth embodiment can be Fig.15 Shown is a large planar electrode 1514, covering multiple areas of porous surface structure, can also be Fig.13 The first positive electrode 1314-1 and the second positive electrode 1314-2 with a gap therein, or Fig.14 At this time, after the composite formed by the porous surface structure 1511 and the non-porous bottom plate 1512 is combined with the substrate 1513 by resistance welding, the surface of the porous surface structure 1511 in each area sinks a little but does not form a convex edge, and is limited by the limiting structure 15a to limit the limit of sinking. This method not only solves the problem of edge convexity caused by regional welding, but also limits the position of the porous surface structure caused by the welding process.

[0219] Embodiment 19:

[0220] It is worth noting that the present invention is not limited to the projection welding type resistance welding method used alone in any of the above-mentioned embodiments, and can also use spot welding type resistance welding method alone or use projection welding type resistance welding method and spot welding type resistance welding method in combination to combine the intermediate with the substrate. Specifically: the spot welding type resistance welding method is different from the projection welding type resistance welding method by setting a convex structure. In the spot welding type resistance welding method, the intermediate is not provided with a convex structure. In a welding cycle, a single electrode and each movement of the welded workpiece (such as a composite body and a substrate) or a single electrode and each movement of the electrode are used to complete the welding of a welding spot until a set number of welding spots are completed, ensuring that there is enough welding strength between the intermediate and the substrate. In addition, the present invention can also use projection welding type resistance welding method and spot welding type resistance welding method in combination. For example, after the projection welding type resistance welding method in any of the above-mentioned embodiments is completed, the spot welding type resistance welding method is further used to operate to strengthen the welding strength between the intermediate and the substrate.

[0221] The projection welding resistance welding method of the present invention can weld multiple welding spots simultaneously in one welding cycle, with high production efficiency and no shunting effect; at the same time, since the current density is concentrated on the convex point and the current density is large, a smaller current can be used for welding, and a smaller molten core can be reliably formed, overcoming the molten core offset phenomenon of spot welding resistance welding; the convex point position of the projection welding resistance welding method is accurate, the size is consistent, and the strength of each point is relatively uniform, so for a given welding strength, the size of a single projection welding spot can be smaller than that of spot welding; in addition, since a large flat electrode is used and the convex point is arranged on the intermediate, the indentation on the exposed surface of the substrate can be reduced to the greatest extent, and at the same time, the large flat electrode has a small current density and good heat dissipation, and the wear of the electrode is much smaller than that of the spot welding method, thereby greatly reducing the maintenance and repair costs of the electrode.

[0222] In the process of the projection resistance welding in any of the above embodiments, the projection structure, mainly the projection in the middle part, is subjected to greater pressure from the upper electrode and is combined with the substrate by contact to generate resistance heat, while the side part of the projection structure is not in sufficient contact with the substrate, resulting in failure to weld. In order to improve the welding strength between the projection structure of the intermediate body and the substrate, the intermediate body is welded multiple times and from multiple directions by rotating any one or more of the electrode, the substrate, and the intermediate body, to ensure that the projection structure and the substrate are welded in all directions.

[0223] In addition, as an extension of the above-mentioned embodiment, it specifically includes: since the porous surface structure 21 of some of the above-mentioned embodiments is in contact with the large flat positive electrode 24 above, the surface of the porous surface structure may be damaged (depressed, blackened) due to heat generated by the contact resistance. In order to overcome this defect and protect the surface of the porous surface structure, an insulating member is covered on the porous surface structure, and multiple holes are opened at corresponding positions on the insulating member to place the positive electrode or a well-conductive support column, etc., so that the porous surface structure under the insulating member at the position without opening holes is not damaged. Among them, the thickness of the insulating member is moderate, because it is necessary to ensure that the complete current loop is conductive so that the welding process can be carried out sequentially.

[0224] like Fig.21 As shown, based on the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the following improvements can be made: the present invention replaces the non-porous bottom plate ( Figure 2 ) or low porosity areas ( Figure 4b) is removed and transformed into a (non-porous or low-porosity) intermediate plate structure 272 without a protrusion structure, and the substrate 273 is changed into a substrate complex of a substrate main body 273 and another structure 272A with protrusions on its top surface, wherein the structure 272A is pre-connected to the substrate main body 273 (such as resistance welding / laser welding), and the protrusion structure of 272A is facing the side of the intermediate plate structure 272 without protrusions, that is, the protrusions of the structure 272A are in contact with the bottom surface of the intermediate plate structure 272 in the complex.

[0225] The surface composite formed by the porous surface structure 271 and the intermediate plate structure 272, and the substrate composite formed by the convex point structure 272A and the substrate body 273 are pressed between the positive electrode 274 and the negative electrode 275. When the current is passed, the current flows through the porous surface structure 271, the intermediate plate structure 272 and the convex point of the structure 272A, and the contact resistance generates resistance heat, thereby heating the convex point of 272A and the bottom of the intermediate plate structure 272 to a molten or plastic state, and finally achieving a solid connection between the structures 272 and 272A, so that the surface composite and the substrate composite are tightly combined. In another example, the surface composite still uses the structure 272 with convex points in the first and second embodiments, and its convex structure faces the side of the substrate body 273, and the convex structure of the structure 272 is staggered with the convex structure of the structure 272A above the substrate, and finally the surface composite and the substrate composite are tightly combined. The above improvements of the present invention are not limited to the first embodiment, but can also be applied to any of the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated in detail in the present invention.

[0226] like Fig. 22As shown, based on the first embodiment, the following implementation scheme can also be adopted: First, as in the first embodiment, a first composite body formed by pre-connecting a first porous surface structure 281-1 and a first non-porous bottom plate 282-1 is arranged on the top side of the substrate 283, the first composite body is placed between the positive electrode 24 and the top surface of the substrate 283, and at least a portion of the top of the first porous surface structure 281-1 is in contact with the positive electrode 24; a plurality of first protruding structures are pre-manufactured on the bottom of the first non-porous bottom plate 282-1, and the first protruding structures are in contact with the top of the substrate 283. At the same time, a second composite body formed by pre-connecting a second porous surface structure 281-2 and a second non-porous bottom plate 282-2 is arranged on the bottom side of the substrate 283, the second composite body is placed between the bottom surface of the substrate 283 and the negative electrode 285, and at least a portion of the bottom of the second porous surface structure 281-2 is in contact with the negative electrode 285. Among them, the second composite body has the same structure as the first composite body and is axisymmetric with respect to the substrate 283. According to the principle of the first embodiment, the first composite body and the second composite body are respectively resistance welded to the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate 283 to achieve the connection between the first composite body, the second composite body and the substrate. This variation is also applicable to any of the above embodiments, and the present invention will not elaborate on this.

[0227] Embodiment 20:

[0228] like Figure 16a-Figure 16c As shown in combination, this embodiment provides an artificial implant prosthesis, preferably an orthopedic prosthesis; any one or more connection structures and methods in the above-mentioned embodiments 1 to 19 and their respective variant examples can be used. The prosthesis body 1 corresponds to the substrate in the connection structure, and at least part of the surface of the prosthesis body 1 is used as a connection area, which is connected to the composite body 2 including an intermediate and a porous surface structure. The connection (projection resistance welding and / or spot resistance welding) of the intermediate (such as the non-porous bottom plate 22 in the first embodiment, the second porous structure 42 in the low-porosity area in the second embodiment, etc.) and the substrate (such as the substrate 23 in the first embodiment, the substrate 43 in the second embodiment, etc.) is achieved to achieve the connection between the porous surface structure and the substrate, forming a surface covering of the connection area on the prosthesis.

[0229] In combination with the structures and methods of Examples 1 to 19 or their variant examples, a prosthesis shell is provided, wherein the outer layer is a porous surface structure, and the inner layer is an intermediate body in contact with and fixed to the connection area of ​​the prosthesis body by resistance welding, so as to realize the connection between the porous surface structure and the prosthesis body, thereby forming a surface covering of the connection area on the prosthesis body, thereby being applied to various artificial implant prostheses such as other types of orthopedic prostheses, artificial joints, such as femoral stem, acetabular cup, femoral condyle, tibial plateau, etc., with specific reference to the description of subsequent Examples 20 to 23.

[0230] Take the artificial hip joint as an example. The artificial hip joint includes a femoral stem, a femoral ball head (not shown), an acetabular cup, and a liner (not shown), all of which are prostheses made of medical materials that can be implanted in the human body, such as metal materials such as titanium alloy, cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy, stainless steel, polymers such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, ceramics, etc., but not limited thereto.

[0231] The femoral stem 3 ( Figure 16a-Figure 16c ) includes a head 301, a neck 302, and a handle body 303, which can be integrated or assembled. The head 301 of the femoral stem 3 is a frustum structure, and the first end is connected to the handle body 303 through the neck 302. The head 301 and the neck 302 have a certain deflection angle relative to the handle, and are arranged in a form inclined relative to one side of the handle. The lower part of the handle body 303 is inserted into the femoral medullary cavity. A plurality of longitudinal grooves can be provided at the lower part of the handle body 303. The surface of the handle body 303, preferably the surface of the upper part of the handle body 303, is a porous structure; the lower part of the handle body 303 can have a smooth surface.

[0232] The second end of the head 301 of the femoral stem 3 is inserted into the inner cone mounting structure of the femoral ball head; the acetabular cup is sleeved on the outside of the femoral ball head, and the femoral ball head contacts the inner concave surface of the acetabular liner, so that the femoral ball head can rotate here. The acetabular cup in some examples is a partially spherical (such as a hemispherical) dome; a liner that matches it is provided in the acetabular cup; the femoral ball head contacts the inner concave surface of the liner, so that the femoral ball head can rotate here. The acetabular cup can be provided with a through hole for setting a connector (screw, etc.) that connects the acetabular cup to the acetabular fossa; the liner can be provided with a corresponding through hole or without a through hole. The inner concave surface of the liner contacts the femoral ball head; the liner can be made of a metal material or a non-metallic material (such as polyethylene or ceramic, etc.) to reduce the wear of the artificial joint. The shell is usually made of a metal material. The outer peripheral surface of the acetabular cup is preferably a porous structure.

[0233] The upper surface of the femoral stem body 303 and the outer peripheral surface of the acetabular cup shell use a porous structure, which can increase the roughness on the one hand; on the other hand, it can induce osteoblast bone ingrowth, thereby effectively fixing the femoral stem to the femur, and the acetabular cup to the acetabular socket, forming a good long-term biological fixation and enhancing the interface stability between the artificial hip joint and the host bone tissue.

[0234] In order to accelerate or strengthen the bonding between bone tissue and the porous surface of the prosthesis, a coating such as hydroxyapatite (HA) can be formed on the surface of any prosthesis (the same applies to the artificial joints in the subsequent embodiments) that contacts the bone tissue; or, materials such as gel / collagen can be used as a carrier for implanting cells, growth factors, etc. and attaching them to the porous surface of the prosthesis; or, an antibacterial coating (such as antibiotics / silver ions, etc.) can be formed.

[0235] The femoral stem 3 can use the structures and methods (resistance welding) of the above-mentioned embodiments 1 to 19 or their variant examples, which will not be described in detail here. For details, please refer to the above-mentioned corresponding embodiments. Among them, the handle body 303 of the femoral stem 3 corresponds to the substrate in the connection structure; the composite body including the intermediate body (such as a non-porous bottom plate, or a porous structure in a low-porosity area, etc., which needs to be determined according to different embodiments) and the porous surface structure forms the handle body shell 2, which covers the connection area of ​​the handle body main body 303a (upper part), and the porous surface structure 201 is connected to the substrate by welding the intermediate body and the substrate, forming a cover on the connection area, and obtaining a porous structure on the femoral stem body 303.

[0236] In some examples, the handle body 303a is made by forging, casting or machining, preferably a solid structure, which is easy to process and has high strength; or the handle body 303a can also be a porous structure with high density; the intermediate body can be solid, or a porous structure with higher density than the porous surface structure; when both the handle body 303a and the intermediate body 202 use porous structures, the density of the intermediate body 202 is between the density of the handle body 303a and the porous surface structure 201. The intermediate body 202 and the porous surface structure 201 of the handle body shell 2 are preferably realized by 3D printing additive manufacturing process, which can well form pores that meet the design requirements. The handle body 303a and the intermediate body 202 of the handle body shell 2 are effectively connected by resistance welding, avoiding the problem of a significant decrease in overall strength when the porous structure is connected to the surface of the femoral stem 3 by hot pressing process (such as penetration welding process).

[0237] In another example, Fig.16c The figure corresponds to the one in the above embodiment. Figure 2 The handle 303 on the inner side corresponds to the base in the connection structure, the porous structure 2201 on the outer side corresponds to the porous surface structure of the connection structure, and an intermediate (non-porous bottom plate 2202) is arranged between the porous structure 2201 and the handle 303. Since the composite formed by the porous structure 2201 and the non-porous bottom plate 2202, and the handle 303 are pressed between the positive electrode 2204 and the negative electrode 2205. When current is passed, the current flows through the porous structure 2201, the non-porous bottom plate 2202 until the contact surface and the adjacent area with the outer side of the handle 303, and resistive heat is generated to heat it to a molten or plastic state, so that the non-porous bottom plate 2202 and the handle 303 form a combination, and the non-porous bottom plate 2202 and the handle 303 are fixedly connected, so that the composite formed by the porous structure 2201 and the non-porous bottom plate 2202 and the handle 303 are tightly combined. Other contents related to the femoral stem applicable to the first embodiment are not described in detail here. It is worth noting that for the femoral stem in this example, Fig.16cThe positive electrode 2204 contacts a part of the porous structure 2201, while the negative electrode 2205 does not contact the handle body 303 as a substrate. The negative electrode 2205 can contact the porous structure 2201 of other parts. In this case, the femoral stem is suitable for the embodiment 19. Fig. 22 The present invention will not elaborate on the extended implementation method shown here.

[0238] In a specific example, the upper part of the stem body 303a of the femoral stem 3 is provided with a connection area; for the convenience of description, the side where the head 301 and the neck 302 of the femoral stem 3 are arranged obliquely is the inner side of the femoral stem 3. Fig.16a In the counterclockwise direction shown, other directions of the handle body 303a are taken as the rear side, the outer side to the front side, the inner side is opposite to the outer side, and the rear side is opposite to the front side; Fig.16a Showing the front side, Fig.16b The outside is shown.

[0239] In this example, the connection area of ​​the femoral stem 3 includes the inner, rear, outer and front surfaces of the upper portion of the stem body 303a. Figure 17a-Figure 17e As shown in the figure, the handle body shell 2 includes two shell sheets, one shell sheet 2-1 corresponds to a part of the inner surface 01, the rear surface 02, and a part of the outer surface 03 of the upper part of the handle body main body 303a; the other shell sheet 2-2 corresponds to the remaining part of the inner surface 01, the front surface 04, and the remaining part of the outer surface 03 of the upper part of the handle body main body 303a. After the two shell sheets are closed, they are respectively contacted and welded to the corresponding positions of the connection area of ​​the upper part of the handle body main body. The inner layer of each shell sheet is the intermediate body 202, and the outer layer is all or most of the porous surface structure 201.

[0240] like Fig.17d and Fig.17e As shown, the two shell sheets can be symmetrical (or staggered and crossed, not shown in the figure). For example, after the two shell sheets are formed and closed, the adjacent edges can be separated from each other without being connected. Alternatively, the adjacent edges of one side of the two shell sheets (such as the outer side 03) can be connected when the two shell sheets are formed, and can remain connected when there is a certain bend near the adjacent edge (to allow the two shell sheets to close). Alternatively, the adjacent edges of the two shell sheets are separated from each other when they are formed, and after closing, the adjacent edges on each side are connected (for example, welding or using a connector or other connection methods). The adjacent edges refer to the adjacent edges after the two shell sheets are closed. The mutual connection of the adjacent edges can be to connect the intermediate of the inner layer of each shell sheet and / or the porous surface structure of the outer layer.

[0241] Embodiment 21:

[0242] In this embodiment, the porous structure of the outer peripheral surface of the acetabular cup 300a can be realized similarly using the structures and methods of the above-mentioned embodiments 1 to 19 or their modified examples.

[0243] In one example, in a specific example, such as Fig.18a and Fig.18b Combined with the above, corresponding to the first embodiment Figure 2 At the shell of the acetabular cup, the inner cup body corresponds to the base 2403 in the connection structure, the outer porous structure 2401 corresponds to the porous surface structure of the connection structure, and an intermediate (non-porous bottom plate 2402) is arranged between the porous structure 2401 and the base 2403. Due to the composite body formed by the porous structure 2401 and the non-porous bottom plate 2402 (the composite body is formed on the outer side of the cup body 3-3 and covers the connection area of ​​the cup body), and the base 2403 is pressed between the positive electrode 2404 and the negative electrode 2405. When current is passed, the current flows through the porous structure 2401, the non-porous bottom plate 2402 until the contact surface and the adjacent area on the outside of the substrate 2403, generating resistance heat to heat it to a molten or plastic state, so that the non-porous bottom plate 2402 and the substrate 2403 form a combination, and the non-porous bottom plate 2402 and the substrate 2403 are fixedly connected, so that the composite formed by the porous structure 2401 and the non-porous bottom plate 2402 is tightly combined with the substrate 2403, thereby forming a covering of the connection area on the cup body, and obtaining a porous structure on the outer peripheral surface of the acetabular cup (shell). The cup body of the acetabular cup of the present invention is adapted to the composite (or the intermediate contained therein) at the contact and connection parts. Other contents related to the acetabular cup being applicable to the first embodiment are not repeated here, and the specific contents related to the acetabular cup being applicable to other embodiments are not repeated here.

[0244] In some examples, the cup body of the acetabular cup is made by forging, casting or machining, preferably a solid structure, which is easy to process and has high strength; or the cup body can also be a high-density porous structure; the intermediate can be solid, or a porous structure with a higher density than the porous surface structure; when both the cup body and the intermediate use porous structures, the density of the intermediate is between the density of the handle body and the porous surface structure. The intermediate and the porous surface structure are preferably realized using a 3D printing additive manufacturing process, which can well control the pores, etc. to meet the design requirements. The cup body and the intermediate are effectively connected by resistance welding, avoiding the problem of a significant decrease in overall strength caused by current hot pressing processes (such as penetration welding processes).

[0245] In a specific example, the entire outer surface of the cup body can be used as a connection area, and an integral composite body can be arranged to contact it and welded in the connection area through the intermediate body. It is also possible to divide the entire outer surface of the cup body into multiple independent connection areas; multiple composite bodies (each of which can be sheet-shaped or other shapes, adapted to the dome shell) are in contact with these connection areas respectively, and are welded in these connection areas through their respective intermediate bodies. Among them, the inner layer of each composite body is the intermediate body, and the outer layer is all or most of the porous surface structure.

[0246] Embodiment 22:

[0247] The proximal end of the tibia and the distal end of the femur form the knee joint. The contact surface between the tibia and the distal end of the femur is the tibial plateau, which is an important load-bearing structure of the knee joint. In the implanted prosthesis, the part used to replace the bone on the femoral side is called the femoral condyle, and the part used to replace the bone on the tibial side is called the tibial plateau. There is a polyethylene gasket between the femoral condyle and the tibial plateau, which plays a role in reducing wear and restoring knee joint function.

[0248] like Fig.19a and Fig.19b As shown, the tibial plateau 300b is a T-shaped structure, including an upper tibial tray 300-1 and a lower supporting portion 300-2. The lower surface of the tibial plateau 300b uses a porous structure, which can increase the roughness on the one hand; on the other hand, it can induce osteoblast bone growth, thereby effectively connecting and fixing the tibial plateau prosthesis to the human tibia, replacing the damaged and diseased tibial surface, and forming a good long-term biological fixation to withstand the pressure load of the human body and meet the requirements of movement and anti-wear functions. The porous structure of the lower surface of the tibial plateau 300b can be similarly realized using the structures and methods of the above-mentioned embodiments 1 to 19 or their modified examples.

[0249] In a specific example, Fig.19a and Fig.19bAs shown in the figure, the lower surface of the tibial tray 300-1 corresponds to the porous surface structure 2501 of the connection structure, and the upper end of the tibial tray 300-1 corresponds to the base 2503 on the inner side of the connection structure; an intermediate body (non-porous bottom plate 2502) is arranged between the porous structure 2501 and the base 2503. The composite body formed by the porous structure 2501 and the non-porous bottom plate 2502, and the base 2503 are pressed between the positive electrode 2504 and the negative electrode 2505. When current is passed, the current flows through the porous structure 2501, the non-porous base plate 2502 until the contact surface and the adjacent area at the far end of the substrate 2503, generating resistance heat to heat it to a molten or plastic state, so that the non-porous base plate 2502 and the substrate 2503 form a combination, and the non-porous base plate 2502 and the substrate 2503 are fixedly connected, so that the composite formed by the porous structure 2501 and the non-porous base plate 2502 is tightly combined with the substrate 2503. The composite composed of the porous surface structure and the intermediate in this example is formed at the lower end of the tibial tray and covers the connection area of ​​the tibial tray. Other contents related to the tibial plateau being applicable to embodiment one are not repeated here. The specific contents related to the tibial plateau being applicable to other embodiments are not repeated here.

[0250] Embodiment 23:

[0251] The artificial knee joint prosthesis includes a femoral condyle, a tibial tray, a pad arranged therebetween, and a patellar prosthesis. The femoral condyle is connected to the distal end of the femur, and the tibial tray is connected to the proximal end of the tibia. The pad component is connected to the tibial tray component, and the femoral condyle contacts the pad. The lower part of the pad contacts the upper surface of the tibial plateau, and the outer convex surface of the femoral condyle contacts the upper part of the pad and the articular surface of the patellar prosthesis, and can achieve flexion, extension, sliding, rotation and other activities within a specified range.

[0252] Among them, the outer convex surface of the femoral condyle 300c body is usually very smooth to reduce the wear between it and the liner; and the femoral condyle body will match and contact the osteotomy section formed at the distal end of the femur on its inner concave surface, so it is preferred to form a porous structure on the inner concave surface of the femoral condyle body (such as the condylar internal fixation surface) to help bone growth, achieve a close combination of the prosthesis and bone tissue, and reduce the risk of failure of joint replacement surgery caused by postoperative loosening of the prosthesis. In this embodiment, the intracondylar fixation surface of the femoral condyle 300c uses a porous structure, which can increase the roughness on the one hand to enhance the initial stability of the prosthesis after surgery; on the other hand, it can promote bone growth, thereby effectively connecting and fixing the femoral condyle prosthesis to the femoral condyle of the human body. The tibial liner is located between the femoral condyle prosthesis and the tibial plateau prosthesis, bearing the pressure load of the human body and meeting the requirements of joint kinematics and wear resistance.

[0253] The porous structure of the intracondylar fixation surface of the femoral condyle 300c can be realized similarly using the structures and methods of the above-mentioned first to nineteenth embodiments or their modified examples.

[0254] In one example, if Fig.20b The figure corresponds to the one in the above embodiment. Figure 2 In the inner surface of the femoral condyle, the porous structure 2601, the intermediate body (non-porous bottom plate 2602) and the base 2603 of the connection structure correspond from the outside to the inside. The medial condyle of the femoral condyle 300c corresponds to the base 2603 of the connection structure, and the condyle internal fixation surface of the femoral condyle 300c uses the porous surface structure 2601. The composite body formed by the porous structure 2601 and the non-porous bottom plate 2602, and the base 2603 are pressed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. When current is passed, the current flows through the porous structure 2601, the non-porous base plate 2602 until the contact surface and the adjacent area on the outside of the substrate 2603, generating resistance heat to heat it to a molten or plastic state, so that the non-porous base plate 2602 and the substrate 2603 form a combination, and the non-porous base plate 2602 and the substrate 2603 are fixedly connected, so that the composite formed by the porous structure 2601 and the non-porous base plate 2602 is tightly combined with the substrate 2603. The composite composed of the porous surface structure and the intermediate in this example is formed on the inner concave surface of the femoral condyle and covers the connection area of ​​the femoral condyle. Other contents related to the femoral condyle applicable to embodiment 1 are not repeated here. The specific contents related to the femoral condyle applicable to other embodiments are not repeated here. Similarly, the patellar prosthesis can also use the structure and method of any of the above embodiments or its modified examples to add a porous structure to the surface in contact with the bone.

[0255] Embodiments one to nineteen of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned prosthesis examples, but can also be applied to spinal fusion devices, spinal intervertebral facet joints, ankle joints, shoulder joints, elbow joints, finger joints, toe joints, artificial intervertebral discs, intervertebral facet joints, mandibular joints, wrist joints, etc. The specific structures and principles are as mentioned above, and the present invention will not be elaborated here.

[0256] Although the content of the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be appreciated that the above description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention. After reading the above content, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and substitutions of the present invention will occur. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be limited by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A connection structure, characterized in that: Contains connected complexes and substrates; The composite comprises a porous surface structure and a plurality of support columns which are pre-connected or integrally formed with the porous surface structure; the density of the support columns is higher than the density of the porous surface structure; and all or part of each support column is located in the porous surface structure.

2. The connection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite further comprises at least one of the following structures which is pre-connected or integrally formed with the porous surface structure and has a higher density than the porous surface structure: A1, a plurality of protrusion structures, dispersedly arranged on a side of the porous surface structure close to the substrate, for contacting and connecting with the substrate; A2, an intermediate plate structure, arranged on a side of the porous surface structure close to the substrate, for contacting and connecting with the substrate; A3, an intermediate plate structure and a plurality of protrusion structures; wherein the intermediate plate structure is arranged on a side of the porous surface structure close to the substrate, and the plurality of protrusion structures are dispersedly arranged on a side of the intermediate plate structure close to the substrate, and the intermediate plate structure and the protrusion structure are used to contact and connect the substrate, or the protrusion structure is used to contact and connect the substrate; A4, a second porous structure, arranged on a side of the porous surface structure close to the substrate, for contacting and connecting with the substrate; A5, a second porous structure and a plurality of protrusion structures; wherein the second porous structure is arranged on a side of the porous surface structure close to the substrate; a plurality of protrusion structures are dispersedly arranged on a side of the second porous structure close to the substrate, and the second porous structure and the protrusion structure are used to contact and connect to the substrate, or the protrusion structure is used to contact and connect to the substrate; The protruding structure in A1 or A3 or A5 is protruding toward the substrate and is made of a conductive material; the intermediate plate structure in A2 or A3 is made of a conductive material, and the intermediate plate structure is a solid bottom plate, or a porous bottom plate with a porosity lower than that of the porous surface structure; the second porous structure in A4 or A5 is made of a conductive material, and the porosity of the porous structure is lower than that of the porous surface structure.

3. The connection structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The end of the support column on the side away from the substrate is higher, lower, or flush with the surface of the porous surface structure on the side away from the substrate; When the substrate and the composite are connected by resistance welding, the end of the support column away from the substrate side and / or the surface of the porous surface structure away from the substrate side are used to contact the electrode; the support column plays a limiting role and is made of conductive material or non-conductive material; the substrate is made of conductive material; the substrate is solid, or a third porous structure with a porosity lower than the porosity of the porous surface structure; wherein, when the support column is non-conductive, the porous surface structure is conductive, allowing current to flow during resistance welding; when both the support column and the porous surface structure are conductive, most of the current during resistance welding flows through the support column, rather than the pore structure of the porous surface structure located next to the support column.

4. The connection structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: Meet any of the following: The protruding structure of the composite body described in B1, A1, A3 or A5 corresponds to the position of the support column and is in contact with or not in contact with the support column; The protruding structure of the composite body described in B2, A1 or A3 or A5 corresponds to the position of the support pillar, so that the area covered by the support pillar at least partially overlaps the contact portion between the protruding structure and the substrate; B3, the protruding structure of the complex described in A1 or A3 or A5 is staggered with the support column; B4, a surface connection layer is pre-arranged on one side of the substrate close to the composite, wherein the surface connection layer comprises a protruding structure protruding toward the composite, for contacting and connecting the composite; B5, a convex point protruding toward the composite body is formed on one side of the substrate close to the composite body, and the convex point is used to contact and connect the composite body; B6. A convex point protruding toward the composite body is formed on one side of the substrate close to the composite body for contacting and connecting the composite body; the convex structure of the composite body described in A1, A3 or A5 is staggered with the convex structure of the substrate.

5. A manufacturing method for manufacturing the connection structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The composite body and the substrate are bonded by resistance welding; The composite body comprises a porous surface structure, and a plurality of support columns pre-connected or integrally formed with the porous surface structure; the density of the support columns and the density of the substrate are both higher than the density of the porous surface structure; all or part of each support column is located in the porous surface structure; wherein, when one side of the substrate is used to connect the composite body, during the resistance welding process, the other side of the substrate contacts an electrode of one polarity, and the composite body contacts an electrode of another polarity, so as to form a current loop; Alternatively, when the substrate is located between two composite bodies and the opposite sides of the substrate are used to simultaneously connect the two composite bodies, during resistance welding, one composite body contacts an electrode of one polarity and the other composite body contacts an electrode of another polarity to form a current loop.

6. The manufacturing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The resistance welding is a projection welding type resistance welding method implemented alone, or a spot welding type resistance welding method implemented alone, or a combination of projection welding type and spot welding type resistance welding methods; During the welding process, the electrode and / or the composite body and substrate to be welded can be moved to adjust the position of the welding point; during the welding process, the electrode and / or the composite body and substrate to be welded can be rotated to adjust the welding direction.

7. The manufacturing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: During the process of connecting the substrate and the composite body by resistance welding, any of the following conditions is met: C1. The electrode in contact with the complex is a hard electrode or a flexible electrode; C2, a deformable and good conductive medium is provided between the electrode and the porous surface structure; C3, porous surface structure and / or support pillars in the electrode contact complex; C4, a whole electrode covers the surface of the porous surface structure away from the substrate and the ends of each of the plurality of support pillars away from the substrate at the same time; C5, a whole electrode covers the ends of each of the plurality of support pillars away from the substrate at the same time; C6, a surface of the porous surface structure away from the substrate is covered by an integral electrode; C7, the electrode monomer contacts the support column; C8, the electrode monomer contacts the support column, and the support column is formed with a groove for the electrode monomer to be inserted; C9, the electrode monomer passes through the gaps at the porous surface structure and contacts the intermediate between the porous surface structure and the substrate; C10. The surface of the porous surface structure is covered with an insulating member, and the openings of the insulating member are used to place electrodes or conductive support columns; C11. The support column as a whole is a solid structure, or a fourth porous structure having a porosity lower than that of the porous surface structure; C12, the support column has a pore structure with a set height on the side away from the substrate, and the pore structure is used to contact the electrode and be compressed when subjected to the pressure applied by the electrode; C13. The support column is a segmented structure. The first segment of the support column beyond the porous surface structure and away from the substrate is a porous structure, which is used to contact the electrode and is compressed when subjected to the pressure applied by the electrode; the remaining second segment of the support column is a porous structure or a solid structure; C14. The portion of the support column that extends beyond the porous surface structure and away from the substrate is removed after the resistance welding is completed.

8. The manufacturing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: During the process of connecting the substrate and the composite body by resistance welding, any of the following conditions is met: D9. At least part of the pores of the porous surface structure are filled with good conductive powder or good conductive wire, and the good conductive powder or good conductive wire is removed after the resistance welding is completed; D10, at least part of the pores of the porous surface structure are filled with a fusible conductive medium, whose melting point is lower than the melting points of the substrate and the porous surface structure; the fusible conductive medium is removed by heating after the resistance welding is completed; D11. At least part of the pores of the porous surface structure are filled with a fusible conductive medium, the melting point of which is lower than the melting points of the substrate and the porous surface structure; The conductive medium is removed by heating after resistance welding. A conductive spacer layer is provided in the porous surface structure to prevent the conductive medium from penetrating into the intermediate between the porous surface structure and the substrate when filling. D12. The surface of the porous surface structure for contacting the electrode is sprayed with a conductive material or a liquid conductive agent, and the conductive material or the liquid conductive agent is removed after the resistance welding is completed.

9. The manufacturing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: When implementing regional resistance welding connection between the connection substrate and the composite body, any of the following conditions is met: E1. A surface for contacting electrodes on a porous surface structure is provided with grooves, and the surface is divided into a plurality of regions by the grooves, so that two adjacent regions are contacted with electrodes at different covering positions simultaneously or successively; E2. A surface of the porous surface structure for contacting the electrode is provided with grooves, and the surface is divided into multiple areas by the grooves, so that two adjacent areas are in contact with the electrode simultaneously or successively, and the portion of the electrode beyond the edge of the current contact area is covered at the groove and does not contact the edge of the adjacent area; E3. A surface for contacting electrodes on a porous surface structure is provided with grooves, and the surface is divided into a plurality of regions by the grooves, so that two adjacent regions successively contact the electrodes that overlap with the covered regions, respectively. When the electrode contacts the first of the two adjacent regions, it exceeds the edge of the first region, crosses the groove, and contacts a part of the second region, thereby forming an indentation convex edge at the edge of the second region; when the electrode contacts the second region again, it crosses all or part of the groove, so that the electrode covers the indentation convex edge and flattens it; E4. A surface for contacting the electrode on the porous surface structure is provided with grooves, and the surface is divided into a plurality of regions by the grooves, so that two adjacent regions contact the electrode successively, and when the electrode contacts the first region of the two adjacent regions, it does not exceed the edge of the first region, and an indentation convex edge is formed in the first region; when the electrode contacts the second region, it crosses the groove and contacts a part of the first region, so that the electrode covers the indentation convex edge and flattens it; E5. The surface of the porous surface structure for contacting the electrode is divided into multiple areas, and two adjacent areas are contacted with the electrode successively. When the electrode contacts the first area of ​​the two adjacent areas, the covering area of ​​the electrode is smaller than the area of ​​the first area, and a protrusion is formed at the edge of the first area; when the electrode contacts the second area, the protrusion at the edge of the first area is also covered; E6. The surface of the porous surface structure used for contacting the electrode is divided into multiple areas by a limiting structure, the limiting structure is a solid structure or a porous structure with a porosity lower than the porosity of the porous surface structure, the limiting structure is arranged in the porous surface structure, the height is less than the height of the porous surface structure, and the end of the limiting structure away from the substrate does not exceed the surface of the porous surface structure; the multiple areas are covered by the same electrode, or are contacted simultaneously or successively with the electrode that does not overlap with the covered area, or are contacted successively with the electrode that overlaps with the covered area.

10. An artificial implant prosthesis, characterized in that: The prosthesis comprises the connection structure described in any one of claims 1-4, or comprises the connection structure manufactured by the manufacturing method described in any one of claims 5-9; the substrate in the connection structure is used to form the prosthesis body; at least part of the surface of the prosthesis body serves as a connection area and is connected to the composite.

11. The artificial implant prosthesis according to claim 10, characterized in that: The surface of the porous surface structure is sprayed with one or more of the following coatings: an osteoconductive coating, an osteoinductive coating, an antibacterial coating, and a cell or growth factor carrier.

12. The artificial implant prosthesis according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that: The prosthesis is any of the following: The femoral stem of the hip joint has a stem body as a base and a connection area; The acetabular cup of the hip joint has a main body of the cup on the inside as the base, and the connection area is located on the outer peripheral surface of the acetabular cup; The tibial plateau of the knee joint has the tibial tray as its base and the connection area is located on the distal surface of the tibial tray; The femoral condyle of the knee joint has the main body as the base and the connection area located on the internal fixation surface of the femoral condyle; Patella; spinal fusion device; spinal intervertebral facet joint; ankle joint; shoulder joint; elbow joint; finger joint; toe joint; artificial intervertebral disc; mandibular joint; wrist joint.

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