Double-loop power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ocean ship equipment, and provides a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle-based double-loop power generation system, which comprises a reactor, a first heat pipe unit, a second heat pipe unit, a heat pipe heat exchanger and a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation device, the first heat pipe unit and the second heat pipe unit are respectively inserted into the reactor and are respectively positioned on opposite sides of a reactor core of the reactor; the first heat pipe unit and the second heat pipe unit are respectively connected with a heat pipe heat exchanger and are used for loading heat energy of the reactor into the heat pipe heat exchanger; two sets of supercritical carbon dioxide power generation devices are arranged; and medium outlets of the two heat pipe heat exchangers are respectively connected with the two sets of supercritical carbon dioxide power generation devices. The two sets of supercritical carbon dioxide power generation devices supply power to the ocean ship simultaneously or independently, the situation that the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the whole system is affected due to the fact that the power of a single power generation device is limited is avoided, the power generation power of the whole system is improved, and the power utilization requirement of the ocean ship can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of marine ship equipment, and in particular to a double-circuit power generation system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle. Background Art

[0002] The supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle power generation system has a wider application prospect. Its coupling with the heat pipe reactor enables the entire power system to have the advantages of high efficiency, high energy density, high compactness and high stability, and can be used as a power source for marine ships.

[0003] In the traditional reactor-supercritical carbon dioxide coupled power generation system, due to the limited heat exchange power of a single heat pipe, in order to obtain more heat energy from the reactor to increase the power generation capacity of the entire system, the number of heat pipes in the reactor needs to be continuously stacked. The stacking arrangement of multiple heat pipes makes the size of the reactor core very large, requiring a very large space to accommodate the reactor. However, in marine ships, in order to adapt to the limited space available on the ship, the outer diameter of the reactor is usually small, resulting in a relatively limited power generation level of the entire power generation system, insufficient energy power, and unable to meet the power supply needs of marine ships. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a dual-circuit power generation system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle, which is used to solve the problems in the prior art that the power generation capacity is difficult to increase, the energy power is insufficient, and the power supply demand for marine vessels cannot be met.

[0005] The present invention provides a double-circuit power generation system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle, comprising: a reactor, a first heat pipe unit, a second heat pipe unit, a heat pipe heat exchanger and a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation device; The first heat pipe unit and the second heat pipe unit are respectively inserted into the reactor and are respectively located at opposite sides of the core of the reactor; The working medium in the heat pipe heat exchanger is carbon dioxide, and the first heat pipe unit and the second heat pipe unit are respectively connected to one of the heat pipe heat exchangers to load the heat energy of the reactor into the heat pipe heat exchanger; The supercritical carbon dioxide power generation device is provided with two sets; the medium outlets of the two heat pipe heat exchangers are respectively connected to the two sets of the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation devices.

[0006] According to a double-circuit power generation system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle provided by the present invention, the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation device comprises a generator and a turbine, a regenerator, a cooler and a compressor connected in sequence; The air inlet of the turbine is connected to the medium outlet of the heat pipe heat exchanger, and one end of the rotor shaft of the generator close to the turbine is connected to the rotor shaft of the turbine.

[0007] The air outlet of the turbine is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature side of the regenerator, the outlet of the low-temperature side is connected to the air inlet of the cooler, the air outlet of the cooler is connected to the air inlet of the compressor, the air outlet of the compressor is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature side of the regenerator, and the outlet of the high-temperature side is connected to the medium inlet of the heat pipe exchanger.

[0008] According to a dual-circuit power generation system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle provided by the present invention, one end of the rotor shaft of the generator away from the turbine is connected to the crankshaft of the compressor.

[0009] According to a dual-circuit power generation system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle provided by the present invention, the first heat pipe unit includes a plurality of heat pipes, the heat pipes are inserted in the reactor, the end of each of the heat pipes is connected to the inlet of the heat pipe exchanger, and the plurality of heat pipes extend in the same direction.

[0010] According to a dual-circuit power generation system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle provided by the present invention, a plurality of heat pipes are arranged in a ring shape or in a straight shape.

[0011] According to a double-circuit power generation system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle provided by the present invention, the working medium of the heat pipe is liquid sodium or liquid lead.

[0012] According to a dual-circuit power generation system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle provided by the present invention, the outer diameter of the heat pipe is 10 mm to 200 mm.

[0013] According to a dual-circuit power generation system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle provided by the present invention, the number of heat pipes of the first heat pipe unit is 20 to 2000.

[0014] According to a dual-circuit power generation system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle provided by the present invention, the specific structure of the second heat pipe unit is the same as the specific structure of the first heat pipe unit, and the extension direction of the heat pipes of the second heat pipe unit is arranged parallel to the extension direction of the heat pipes of the first heat pipe unit.

[0015] According to a double-circuit power generation system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle provided by the present invention, the reactor is an all-solid-state nuclear reactor.

[0016] The present invention provides a double-circuit power generation system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle, wherein a first heat pipe unit and a second heat pipe unit are respectively inserted into a reactor and are respectively located at opposite sides of a core of the reactor. The first heat pipe unit and the second heat pipe unit are separately arranged, which can reduce the outer diameter of the reactor core and reduce the occupation of the space of an ocean vessel, and can fully contact the reactor core to efficiently absorb the heat energy generated by the reactor core; the first heat pipe unit and the second heat pipe unit are respectively connected to a heat pipe heat exchanger for loading the heat energy of the reactor into the heat pipe heat exchanger, and the medium outlets of the two heat pipe heat exchangers are respectively connected to two sets of supercritical carbon dioxide power generation devices. When the power demand of the ocean vessel is large, the two sets of supercritical carbon dioxide power generation devices simultaneously supply power to the power-consuming equipment, thereby avoiding that a single power generation device affects the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the entire system due to its own power limitation, thereby improving the power generation power of the entire system and being able to meet the power demand of the ocean vessel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a double-circuit power generation system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle provided by the present invention.

[0019] Reference numerals: 1. Reactor; 2. First heat pipe unit; 3. Second heat pipe unit; 4. Heat pipe heat exchanger; 5. Supercritical carbon dioxide power generation device; 51. Generator; 52. Turbine; 53. Regenerator; 531. Low temperature side; 532. High temperature side; 54. Cooler; 55. Compressor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] The features of the terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims of the present invention may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more. In addition, "and / or" in the specification and claims means at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally means that the objects connected before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0022] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0024] Combine the following Figure 1 , through specific embodiments and application scenarios, a double-circuit power generation system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle provided by an embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a double-circuit power generation system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle, comprising: a reactor 1, a first heat pipe unit 2, a second heat pipe unit 3, a heat pipe heat exchanger 4 and a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation device 5.

[0026] The first heat pipe unit 2 and the second heat pipe unit 3 are respectively inserted into the reactor 1 and are located at opposite sides of the core of the reactor 1 .

[0027] The working medium in the heat pipe heat exchanger 4 is carbon dioxide. The first heat pipe unit 2 and the second heat pipe unit 3 are respectively connected to a heat pipe heat exchanger 4 to load the heat energy of the reactor 1 into the heat pipe heat exchanger 4.

[0028] There are two sets of supercritical carbon dioxide power generation devices 5. The medium outlets of the two heat pipe heat exchangers 4 are connected to the two sets of supercritical carbon dioxide power generation devices 5 respectively.

[0029] It is understandable that in the dual-circuit power generation system based on the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle provided by the present invention, the specific structures of the first heat pipe unit 2 and the second heat pipe unit 3 can be the same. Figure 1 As shown, the reactor 1 is arranged horizontally. The extension direction of the first heat pipe unit 2 and the extension direction of the second heat pipe unit 3 are arranged in parallel, and are respectively inserted on opposite sides of the core of the reactor 1. Therefore, the first heat pipe unit 2 and the second heat pipe unit 3 are arranged separately, which is conducive to the first heat pipe unit 2 and the second heat pipe unit 3 to fully absorb the heat energy generated by the core, and avoid all heat pipes being stacked in the core to affect the efficiency of the heat pipes in absorbing heat energy. Among them, the first heat pipe unit 2 and the second heat pipe unit 3 can be inserted in the core of the reactor 1 in a horizontal direction, can also be inserted in the core of the reactor 1 in a vertical direction, or can be inserted obliquely in the core of the reactor 1.

[0030] The two heat pipe heat exchangers 4 are respectively located on both sides of the reactor 1. The first heat pipe unit 2 and the second heat pipe unit 3 respectively and individually load the heat energy generated by the core of the reactor 1 into the heat pipe heat exchanger 4 connected thereto in a non-active manner. The carbon dioxide working fluid in the heat pipe heat exchanger 4 absorbs the heat transferred by the first heat pipe unit 2 or the second heat pipe unit 3 and is converted into supercritical carbon dioxide. Supercritical carbon dioxide is discharged from the medium outlet of the heat pipe heat exchanger 4 and enters the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation device 5, and the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation device 5 converts the thermal energy of the supercritical carbon dioxide into electrical energy. The two sets of supercritical carbon dioxide power generation devices 5 can generate electricity independently, which is convenient for users to selectively control the two sets of supercritical carbon dioxide power generation devices 5 to generate electricity simultaneously or separately according to the actual electricity demand of marine ships, thereby improving the convenience of electricity use for marine ships.

[0031] The present invention provides a double-circuit power generation system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle, wherein a first heat pipe unit 2 and a second heat pipe unit 3 are respectively inserted into a reactor 1 and are respectively located at opposite sides of a core of the reactor 1. The first heat pipe unit 2 and the second heat pipe unit 3 are separately arranged, which can not only reduce the outer diameter of the core of the reactor 1 to ensure a reasonable layout of the core of the reactor 1, but also fully contact the core of the reactor 1 to efficiently absorb the heat energy generated by the core of the reactor 1; the first heat pipe unit 2 and the second heat pipe unit 3 are respectively connected to a heat pipe heat exchanger 4, which is used to load the heat energy of the reactor 1 into the heat pipe heat exchanger 4, and the medium outlets of the two heat pipe heat exchangers 4 are respectively connected to two sets of The supercritical carbon dioxide power generation devices 5 are connected, and two supercritical carbon dioxide power generation devices 5 are powered at the same time to increase the power generation capacity of the entire system and avoid a single power generation device affecting the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the entire system due to its own power limitation; when the power demand of the marine vessel is relatively small, one of the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation devices 5 can be selected to generate electricity separately, thereby saving the operating energy consumption of the entire system; when one of the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation devices 5 fails, the other supercritical carbon dioxide power generation device 5 can be used to generate electricity, thereby ensuring sustainable power generation of the marine vessel.

[0032] In some embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation device 5 includes a generator 51 and a turbine 52, a regenerator 53, a cooler 54 and a compressor 55 connected in sequence.

[0033] The air inlet of the turbine 52 is communicated with the medium outlet of the heat pipe heat exchanger 4 , and one end of the rotor shaft of the generator 51 close to the turbine 52 is connected to the rotor shaft of the turbine 52 .

[0034] The air outlet of the turbine 52 is connected to the inlet of the low temperature side 531 of the regenerator 53. The outlet of the low temperature side 531 is connected to the air inlet of the cooler 54, the air outlet of the cooler 54 is connected to the air inlet of the compressor 55, the air outlet of the compressor 55 is connected to the inlet of the high temperature side 532 of the regenerator 53, and the outlet of the high temperature side 532 is connected to the medium inlet of the heat pipe exchanger 4, thereby realizing a closed loop of supercritical carbon dioxide circulation.

[0035] It is understandable that if Figure 1 As shown, the heat pipe heat exchanger 4, the turbine 52, the regenerator 53, the cooler 54, the compressor 55, the regenerator 53 and the heat pipe heat exchanger 4 are all connected by connecting pipes. Supercritical carbon dioxide enters the turbine 52 from the connecting pipe to perform work, converting thermal energy into mechanical energy, and driving the rotor shaft of the turbine 52 to rotate. The rotor shaft of the turbine 52 is connected to the rotor shaft of the generator 51 to drive the rotor shaft of the generator 51 to rotate, thereby realizing the power generation of the generator 51. The power generation end of the generator 51 is connected to the electrical equipment of the marine vessel to supply power to the electrical equipment.

[0036] Along the direction of gas flow, after the supercritical carbon dioxide performs work in the turbine 52, it is discharged from the gas outlet of the turbine 52 and enters the low temperature side 531 from the inlet of the low temperature side 531 of the regenerator 53 for preliminary cooling; after the carbon dioxide is initially cooled, it is discharged from the outlet of the low temperature side 531 and enters the cooler 54 from the air inlet of the cooler 54 for further cooling. After the carbon dioxide performs work in the turbine 52 and is cooled by the regenerator 53 and the cooler 54, it is restored from the supercritical state to the gas state. The carbon dioxide is discharged from the gas outlet of the cooler 54 and enters the compressor 55 from the air inlet of the compressor 55 for compression, and the carbon dioxide is pressurized in the compressor 55. The pressurized carbon dioxide is discharged from the gas outlet of the compressor 55 and enters the high temperature side 532 from the inlet of the high temperature side 532 of the regenerator 53 for heating. After the carbon dioxide is initially warmed up in the high temperature side 532, it is discharged from the outlet of the high temperature side 532 and enters the heat pipe heat exchanger 4 from the medium inlet of the heat pipe heat exchanger 4. The carbon dioxide absorbs the heat energy loaded by the first heat pipe unit 2 or the second heat pipe unit 3 in the heat pipe heat exchanger 4, and after reaching the supercritical state again, it re-enters the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation device 5 to generate electricity, thereby realizing the cyclic power generation of supercritical carbon dioxide.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, one end of the rotor shaft of the generator 51 away from the turbine 52 is connected to the crankshaft of the compressor 55, so that the turbine 52, the generator 51 and the compressor 55 rotate coaxially. The mechanical energy of the turbine 52 can be directly transmitted to the crankshaft of the compressor 55 through the rotor shaft of the generator 51, and the compressor 55 can convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy by itself to meet its own electricity demand, without the need to configure an additional power supply for the compressor 55, thereby saving energy consumption of marine vessels.

[0038] Specifically, the first heat pipe unit 2 includes a plurality of heat pipes. The heat pipes are inserted into the reactor 1. The end of each heat pipe is connected to the inlet of the heat pipe heat exchanger 4, and the plurality of heat pipes extend in the same direction.

[0039] It is understandable that the heat pipe is based on heat pipe technology and uses the phase change characteristics of the working medium to transfer the heat generated by the core of the reactor 1. Several heat pipes are inserted in the reactor 1 along the same direction. For example, each heat pipe is inserted in the reactor 1 parallel to the horizontal direction. One end of each heat pipe away from the heat pipe heat exchanger 4 is exposed to the high temperature environment in the reactor 1, and the working medium absorbs heat and evaporates at this end. The vaporized working medium is transmitted from the pipe of the heat pipe to the other end of the heat pipe, and enters the heat pipe heat exchanger 4 from the inlet of the heat pipe heat exchanger 4, and then releases heat energy into the carbon dioxide, so that the carbon dioxide reaches a supercritical state. Optionally, the working medium of the heat pipe is liquid sodium or liquid lead.

[0040] Optionally, a plurality of heat pipes are arranged in a ring or in a straight line. The user can reasonably select the arrangement of the heat pipes according to the needs, and reasonably set the distance between two adjacent heat pipes, effectively utilize the space of the reactor 1, make the structure of the reactor 1 more compact, and save the occupied space of the entire system.

[0041] Optionally, the outer diameter of the heat pipe is 10 mm to 200 mm.

[0042] In a specific embodiment, the specific structures of the first heat pipe unit 2 and the second heat pipe unit 3 are the same. The number of heat pipes in the first heat pipe unit 2 and the second heat pipe unit 3 is consistent to ensure that the two sets of supercritical carbon dioxide power generation devices 5 have the same power generation power. Optionally, the number of heat pipes in the first heat pipe unit 2 and the second heat pipe unit 3 is 20 to 2000. The user can appropriately increase or decrease the number of heat pipes according to the actual power demand of the marine vessel, and the present invention does not specifically limit this.

[0043] In some embodiments, the reactor 1 is an all-solid-state nuclear reactor 1 .

[0044] The all-solid-state nuclear reactor 1 uses solid materials as fuel and heat transfer medium. Compared with the liquid working medium in traditional liquid metal coolant reactors or water-cooled reactors, the solid fuel of the all-solid-state nuclear reactor is usually granular or blocky, has more stable performance, can reduce or eliminate the possible safety risks of liquid metal coolant reactors or water-cooled reactors, and can more effectively transfer heat from nuclear fuel elements to heat exchangers.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A double-circuit power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle, characterized in that: include: A reactor, a first heat pipe unit, a second heat pipe unit, a heat pipe heat exchanger and a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation device; The first heat pipe unit and the second heat pipe unit are respectively inserted into the reactor and are respectively located at opposite sides of the core of the reactor; The working medium in the heat pipe heat exchanger is carbon dioxide, and the first heat pipe unit and the second heat pipe unit are respectively connected to one of the heat pipe heat exchangers to load the heat energy of the reactor into the heat pipe heat exchanger; The supercritical carbon dioxide power generation device is provided with two sets; the medium outlets of the two heat pipe heat exchangers are respectively connected to the two sets of the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation devices.

2. A double-circuit power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supercritical carbon dioxide power generation device comprises a generator and a turbine, a regenerator, a cooler and a compressor connected in sequence; The air inlet of the turbine is connected to the medium outlet of the heat pipe heat exchanger, and one end of the rotor shaft of the generator close to the turbine is connected to the rotor shaft of the turbine. The air outlet of the turbine is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature side of the regenerator, the outlet of the low-temperature side is connected to the air inlet of the cooler, the air outlet of the cooler is connected to the air inlet of the compressor, the air outlet of the compressor is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature side of the regenerator, and the outlet of the high-temperature side is connected to the medium inlet of the heat pipe exchanger.

3. A double-circuit power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the rotor shaft of the generator away from the turbine is connected to the crankshaft of the compressor.

4. A double-circuit power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first heat pipe unit includes a plurality of heat pipes, the heat pipes are inserted in the reactor, an end of each heat pipe is connected to an inlet of the heat pipe heat exchanger, and the plurality of heat pipes extend in the same direction.

5. A double-circuit power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The plurality of heat pipes are arranged in a ring shape or in a straight shape.

6. A double-circuit power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The working medium of the heat pipe is liquid sodium or liquid lead.

7. A double-circuit power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the heat pipe is 10 mm to 200 mm.

8. A double-circuit power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The number of heat pipes of the first heat pipe unit is 20 to 2000.

9. A double-circuit power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that: The specific structure of the second heat pipe unit is the same as that of the first heat pipe unit, and the extension direction of the heat pipes of the second heat pipe unit is arranged in parallel with the extension direction of the heat pipes of the first heat pipe unit.

10. A double-circuit power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reactor is an all-solid-state nuclear reactor.

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