Improved aerial survey method for high-altitude hard mountainous area

Abstract

The invention provides an improved aerial survey method for a high-altitude hard mountainous area. The improved aerial survey method comprises the following steps: S10, planning an air route; s20, image control points are arranged, wherein the image control points and check points are arranged in the test area, and coordinates of the image control points and the check points are determined; s30, field aerial survey, wherein in the flight process of the unmanned aerial vehicle, surveying and mapping of a survey area are executed, and surveying and mapping shooting tasks of photo control points and check points are executed; s40, interior work data are processed, and a three-dimensional model is produced; and S50, outputting a data model corresponding to the measurement area. According to the aerial survey method provided by the invention, the unmanned aerial vehicle can take off at a traffic convenient place near the survey area for aerial survey, surveying and mapping operation of a high-altitude hard mountain area can be realized without wading in danger and climbing mountains, the personnel safety is ensured, meanwhile, the aerial survey method does not need to be matched with multiple persons, and the labor cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of high and steep slope measurement, and in particular relates to an improved aerial survey method for high-altitude and dangerous mountainous areas. Background Art

[0002] During the construction of projects in high-altitude and dangerous mountainous areas, the traditional engineering surveying method of obtaining terrain data (total station with standing pole, RTK marking) is not only difficult to ensure the safety of surveying and mapping personnel, but also has defects such as poor accuracy, high cost, long data acquisition cycle, poor effectiveness, and failure to better reflect the actual situation in the survey area.

[0003] Oblique photogrammetry is an emerging technology, but it still has some shortcomings, such as time-consuming model generation, difficulty in setting up control points, and poor accuracy in places that are difficult to photograph. Therefore, in complex geographical environments such as high-altitude and dangerous mountainous areas, a new mapping technology that can adapt to various complex and dangerous environments is urgently needed. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose an improved aerial survey method for high-altitude and dangerous mountainous areas to solve the problems of low efficiency, high cost, poor data quality, etc. of traditional surveying and mapping methods in high-altitude and dangerous mountainous areas, and to alleviate the difficult problem of high intensity and high risk factor of field work for surveying technicians.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0006] The improved aerial survey method for high altitude and difficult mountainous areas includes the following steps:

[0007] S10: Route planning:

[0008] Determine the survey area in high-altitude mountainous areas and plan the UAV route;

[0009] S20: Arrange image control points:

[0010] Arrange image control points and check points in the survey area and determine their coordinates.

[0011] S30: Field Aerial Survey:

[0012] Set the UAV flight parameters. The UAV equipped with a camera, airborne lidar, and 3D laser scanner will automatically fly the planned route according to the uploaded route. During the flight of the UAV, the camera will take oblique photos of the survey area, and the airborne lidar and 3D laser scanner will scan the terrain of the survey area and save relevant data and image information.

[0013] S40: In-house data processing, production of 3D models:

[0014] Export the original photos and point cloud data from the drone, set the solution parameters, perform aerial triangulation solution, form a 3D model and orthophoto DOM, and save the primary solution results: including point cloud, oblique photography model, 3D model and orthophoto DOM;

[0015] S50: Based on the primary solution results, the digital line map DLG, topographic map, digital elevation model DEM and digital surface model DSM corresponding to the survey area are output.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S10, the drone route is determined in the following manner:

[0017] Simple routes are controlled by the software that comes with the remote controller;

[0018] The routes within the survey area are planned on a computer using dedicated route planning software. After the route planning is completed, it is exported in kml format and then uploaded to the internal storage of the drone to complete the control of the drone route within the survey area.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S20, the position coordinates of the image control points and the check points are determined by using a real-time kinematic RTK measurement method;

[0020] Furthermore, in step S30, the following three factors are considered in determining the flight parameters of the UAV: ​​the size of the UAV heading overlap rate and the lateral overlap rate, whether the UAV is flying in a terrain-simulating manner, and the UAV route mode.

[0021] Furthermore, in step S30, after the drone completes its flight, it can take additional photos of the area that needs to be encrypted.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the improved aerial survey method for high altitude and dangerous mountainous areas described in the present invention has the following advantages:

[0023] (1) The aerial survey method of the present invention is used to achieve mapping of high-altitude and dangerous mountainous areas, solving the problems of low efficiency, high cost, and poor data quality of traditional surveying and mapping methods. The drone takes off from a convenient location near the survey area and then conducts aerial survey in high-altitude and dangerous mountainous areas. The surveying and mapping of high-altitude and dangerous mountainous areas can be achieved without manual risky mountain climbing, thus ensuring the safety of personnel. At the same time, the aerial survey method does not require the cooperation of multiple people, thus reducing labor costs.

[0024] (2) The present invention measures comprehensive data and can obtain a variety of data information, thereby improving the surveying and mapping accuracy of the survey area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 A flow chart of an improved aerial survey method for high altitude and dangerous mountainous areas according to an embodiment of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Improved aerial survey method for high altitude and dangerous mountainous areas. This technical solution is an advanced surveying and mapping technology that combines oblique photogrammetry, airborne lidar scanning, and geographic information system GIS data processing. The specific process includes the following steps: Figure 1 As shown:

[0028] S10: Route planning:

[0029] Determine the survey area in high-altitude mountainous areas and plan the UAV route;

[0030] Simple routes, such as short-distance flight routes, are controlled by the software that comes with the remote control. For routes within the survey area determined in high-altitude mountainous areas, it is necessary to use dedicated route planning software such as TrackMaster software on a computer to plan the route. After the route planning is completed, it is exported in kml format and uploaded to the internal storage of the drone to complete the control of the drone route within the survey area.

[0031] S20: Arrange image control points:

[0032] Image control points and checkpoints are arranged in the survey area, and the real-time dynamic RTK measurement method is used to determine the position coordinates of the image control points and checkpoints.

[0033] S30: Field Aerial Survey:

[0034] The flight parameters of the drone are set according to the size of the heading overlap rate and the lateral overlap rate of the drone, whether the drone is flying in a terrain-like manner, and the route mode of the drone. The drone equipped with a camera, airborne lidar, and a 3D laser scanner automatically flies the planned route according to the uploaded route without human intervention. During the flight of the drone, the camera takes oblique photos of the survey area, and the airborne lidar and 3D laser scanner scan the terrain of the survey area, and saves relevant data information and image information;

[0035] S40: In-house data processing, production of 3D models:

[0036] The original photos and point cloud data are exported from the drone, and the solution parameters are set using professional software (contextcapture, pix4D, inpho). Aerial triangulation is performed to form a three-dimensional model and orthophoto DOM. The three-dimensional model is established based on the airborne lidar point cloud, and the orthophoto DOM is established based on the three-dimensional laser scanner point cloud. The primary solution results are saved: including oblique photography model, point cloud, three-dimensional model and orthophoto DOM.

[0037] The 3D model can be overlaid with various spatial data for spatial analysis, such as satellite maps and various vector data such as CAD, BIM, and artificial models. Various analyses can then be performed, such as lighting analysis, collision analysis, line of sight and occlusion analysis, flooding analysis, slope analysis, and so on.

[0038] Traditional oblique photogrammetry model generation is very time-consuming, and it is difficult to capture places, such as the sides of buildings and the bottom of dense vegetation. The results are often of poor accuracy. The present invention adopts a variety of innovative methods to solve this problem.

[0039] First, the drone's airborne lidar is used to scan the survey area and generate raw data called point clouds. Point clouds have absolute coordinates and are very accurate. Point clouds can also be used to build models, but the quality of the models is not as good as oblique photography models. Therefore, the advantages of the two different technologies can be combined. A drone equipped with an aerial camera and airborne lidar can be used to perform oblique photography and terrain scanning at the same time. In this way, oblique photography technology and airborne LiDAR technology complement each other, and the generated model is not only beautiful, but also extremely accurate.

[0040] Secondly, 3D laser scanners have been widely used in deformation monitoring of dams, slopes, and tunnels; ground close-range photogrammetry technology has been widely used in the detailed modeling of ancient buildings and scenic spots. Therefore, drone oblique photography, drone-borne lidar point cloud, 3D laser scanning point cloud, and ground close-range photogrammetry technology can be combined, jointly solved, and multiple measurements can be integrated into one, and the generated results will no longer have obvious defects.

[0041] S50: Based on the primary results of the solution: oblique photography model, point cloud and orthophoto map DOM, use a variety of professional software (ARCGIS, EPS 3D mapping, CASS3D, localspace viewer, trimble realworks) to produce different data, and finally obtain the digital line map DLG, topographic map, digital elevation model DEM, digital surface model DSM corresponding to the survey area, and complete the surveying and mapping of the survey area in high-altitude mountainous areas.

[0042] In the present invention, in step S30, after the drone completes its flight, it can take additional photos of the area that needs to be encrypted.

[0043] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Improved aerial survey method for high altitude and difficult mountainous areas, Features: The following steps are involved: S10: Route planning: Determine the survey area in high-altitude mountainous areas and plan the UAV route; S20: Arrange image control points: Arrange image control points and check points in the survey area and determine their coordinates; S30: Field Aerial Survey: Set the flight parameters of the drone. The drone equipped with a camera, airborne lidar, and 3D laser scanner will automatically fly the planned route according to the uploaded route. During the flight of the drone, the camera will take oblique photos of the survey area, and the airborne lidar and 3D laser scanner will scan the terrain of the survey area and save relevant data and image information. S40: In-house data processing, production of 3D models: Export the original photos and point cloud data from the drone, set the solution parameters, perform aerial triangulation solution, form a 3D model and orthophoto DOM, and save the primary solution results: including point cloud, oblique photography model, 3D model and orthophoto DOM; S50: Based on the primary solution results, the digital line map DLG, topographic map, digital elevation model DEM and digital surface model DSM corresponding to the survey area are output.

2. The improved aerial survey method for high altitude and difficult mountainous areas according to claim 1, Features: In step S10, the drone route is determined in the following manner: Simple routes are controlled by the software that comes with the remote controller; The routes within the survey area are planned on a computer using dedicated route planning software. After the route planning is completed, it is exported in kml format and then uploaded to the internal storage of the drone to complete the control of the drone route within the survey area.

3. The improved aerial survey method for high altitude and dangerous mountainous areas according to claim 1, Features: In step S20, the position coordinates of the image control points and the check points are determined by using a real-time kinematic RTK measurement method.

4. The improved aerial survey method for high altitude and difficult mountainous areas according to claim 1, Features: In step S30, the following three factors are considered in determining the flight parameters of the UAV: ​​the size of the UAV heading overlap rate and the lateral overlap rate, whether the UAV is flying in a terrain-simulating manner, and the UAV route mode.

5. The improved aerial survey method for high altitude and difficult mountainous areas according to claim 1, Features: In step S30, after the drone completes its flight, it can take additional photos of the area that needs to be encrypted.

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