Multi-base-point friction type ground monitoring device and method for overlying strata migration

Abstract

The invention discloses a ground monitoring device and method for multi-base-point friction type overlying strata migration, and belongs to the technical field of ground monitoring. A steel wire rope is dragged to move through rock stratum migration, the steel wire rope can drag an I-shaped cavity to move, a second spring drives a piston to slowly reset due to the small caliber of an air outlet, and a sliding base drives a writing pen to do translational motion through magnetic attraction of a second magnet and a first magnet so that the writing pen can conduct linear marking on a carrier plate; the monitoring device can be operated on the ground, is simple to operate, is safe and reliable, reduces the cost, can effectively and dynamically monitor the migration amount and the separation position of the rock stratum before and after mining in real time, and improves the mining efficiency. Technicians can be helped to obtain the spatio-temporal evolution law of rock stratum migration under the influence of mining, and data support is provided for subsequent actual production and disaster early warning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ground monitoring, and in particular to a ground monitoring device and method for multi-base point frictional overburden migration. Background Art

[0002] At present, with the development and progress of many factors such as coal mine production equipment and management level, the intensity of coal mining is also constantly increasing, which is directly manifested in the increase in the length of the working face, the increase in mining height, and the acceleration of advancement speed. Due to the strong impact of mining, the degree of mine pressure changes is more complex and drastic, resulting in a series of mine pressure phenomena such as bending, delamination, and fracture of the rock layer on the top of the working face. The surface subsidence increases, the degree of crack development is high, causing damage to surface cultivated land and buildings. At the same time, the risk of coal mine water accidents is further increased.

[0003] At present, the overburden migration in the mining area is mainly achieved through methods such as on-site geological radar scanning and delamination monitoring. The cost of on-site geological radar scanning is relatively high, and the common delamination monitoring device acts underground and needs to be sent to the designated layer with the help of a long pole when working, fixed with an anchor claw, and connected with the port indicating end with a rope. The installation process is relatively inconvenient, and it is easy to cause displacement when fixed only by the anchor claw, which affects the monitoring results. In addition, during the monitoring process, the speed and distance of the delamination cannot be automatically monitored and recorded, which is not convenient for the subsequent statistics of the core of the mining pressure manifestation, the development of surrounding rock cracks and the subsidence movement of the surface. Therefore, it is of great significance to study a new multi-base point friction overburden migration ground monitoring device and method to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of this section is to summarize some aspects of embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the specification abstract and the invention title of this application to avoid blurring the purpose of this section, the specification abstract and the invention title, and such simplifications or omissions cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0005] In view of the above and / or existing problems in the existing ground monitoring, the present invention is proposed.

[0006] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the common delamination monitoring device acts underground and needs to be sent to the specified layer with the help of a long pole when working, and is fixed with an anchor claw, and the anchor claw is connected to the port indication end with a rope. The installation process is relatively inconvenient, and it is easy to cause displacement if it is fixed only by the anchor claw, which affects the monitoring result. In addition, during the monitoring process, the speed and distance of the delamination cannot be automatically monitored and recorded, which is not convenient for the subsequent statistics of the core of the mining pressure manifestation, the development of surrounding rock cracks and the subsidence movement of the surface.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a multi-base point friction type ground monitoring device for overburden migration, comprising an embedded support assembly and a plurality of anchor claw assemblies, each of which is connected to a steel wire rope, the plurality of anchor claw assemblies and the steel wire rope pass through a monitoring hole, the monitoring hole is opened in a rock formation, and a goaf is provided below the rock formation;

[0008] The embedded support assembly includes a base, a plurality of support structures are arranged above the base, and an elastic locking structure and a linear monitoring structure are also arranged on the support structure;

[0009] The anchor claw assembly includes a drooping anchor claw structure, and a transmission structure and a positioning structure are arranged inside the drooping anchor claw structure. The transmission structure and the positioning structure transmit power, and the transmission structure is connected to a steel wire rope. The steel wire rope passes through the drooping anchor claw structure upward in sequence and extends to the supporting structure. The steel wire rope also adjusts the preload force through the elastic locking structure and is connected to the linear monitoring structure. When the rock formation moves, the steel wire rope pulls the linear monitoring structure to mark the motion trajectory on the supporting structure for monitoring.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention: the support structure comprises a guide plate, a carrier plate is slidably provided in the guide plate, a support column is fixedly connected below the guide plate, the support column is fixedly connected to the base, a wellhead tube is provided in the middle of the base, the wire rope passes through the wellhead tube, and the wellhead tube penetrates into the monitoring hole;

[0011] Two limiting sleeves are fixedly connected to the guide plate, and the steel wire rope passes through the limiting sleeves.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: the elastic locking structure includes a loosening clamping plate, two fixing bolts are passed through the loosening clamping plate, the two fixing bolts are also passed through a guide plate and are threadedly connected to the nut, the top of the fixing bolt is fixedly connected to a first spring, the first spring is also fixedly connected to the loosening clamping plate, and the steel wire rope passes under the loosening clamping plate.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: the linear monitoring structure includes two guide rails, the two guide rails are fixedly connected to the side surfaces of the guide plate through brackets, two conical wheel groups are slidably connected to the guide rails, an I-shaped cavity is fixedly connected between the two conical wheel groups, one side of the I-shaped cavity is fixedly connected to two fourth springs, the two fourth springs are respectively fixedly connected to the inner walls of the guide rails, a fixed sleeve is fixedly connected above the I-shaped cavity, the steel wire rope is fixed in the fixed sleeve by bolts, two one-way air inlets are arranged above the I-shaped cavity, and an air outlet is arranged on one side of the I-shaped cavity.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention: a piston is arranged inside the I-shaped cavity, a second spring is fixedly connected to one side of the piston, and one end of the second spring is fixedly connected to the side wall of the I-shaped cavity;

[0015] The piston is fixedly connected with a second magnet on both sides, the second magnet is magnetically attracted to the first magnet, the two first magnets are fixedly connected to a slide seat, the slide seat is slidably connected to the I-shaped cavity, one side of the slide seat is fixedly connected with a pen cover, the pen cover fixes the writing pen by bolts, and the bottom end of the writing pen is in contact with the carrier plate.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention: the drooping anchor claw structure includes a hollow weight, a plurality of elastic claws are fixedly connected to the top of the hollow weight, openings are provided on both sides of the hollow weight, and the wire rope passes through the hollow weight.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention: the transmission structure includes a support and two telescopic rods, the support is fixedly connected to the wire rope, a gear rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support, both ends of the telescopic rods are fixedly connected to connecting parts, a third spring is fixedly connected between the two connecting parts, and the two connecting parts are respectively hinged to the fixed block and one end of the support through a pin shaft, and the fixed block is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hollow weight.

[0018] As a further solution of the present invention: the positioning structure includes a rotating shaft, a gear is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, the gear is meshed with a gear rod, the rotating shaft is rotatably mounted on two fixing frames through two bearings, and the two fixing frames are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hollow weight.

[0019] As a further solution of the present invention: both ends of the rotating shaft are fixedly connected with a hexagonal tube, the outer sleeve of the hexagonal tube is provided with a screw, one end of the screw is fixedly connected with a drill bit, the drill bit is arranged in an opening, the screw is threadedly connected in a threaded sleeve, and the threaded sleeve is fixedly installed on a hollow weight.

[0020] A method for using a multi-base point friction type ground monitoring device for overburden migration includes the following steps:

[0021] S1. When conducting rock formation detection, first place the anchor claw assembly into the monitoring hole, so that it can go down into the monitoring hole smoothly by gravity, then pull up the wire rope, so that the wire rope pulls up the support to drive the third spring to move upward and deform, and at the same time, the gear rod is upwardly transmitted with the gear, and the gear drives the rotating shaft and the hexagonal cylinder to rotate, so that the screw rod and the threaded sleeve drive the drill bit to extend out of the drill hole, so that the drill bit drills into the rock formation to further fix the position of the anchor claw assembly;

[0022] S2, then pass the steel wire rope through the limit sleeve and through the loose clamping plate, and then adjust the tightening amount of the fixing bolt by adjusting the nut, so that the steel wire rope is pre-tightened through the first spring and the loose clamping plate, so that the steel wire rope is finally fixed to the fixing sleeve by the bolt, and then move the slide away from the air outlet to one end of the I-shaped cavity, so that the magnetic attraction between the first magnet and the second magnet drives the piston to move, the piston takes in air through the one-way air inlet and the air outlet, and the second spring is compressed, and then the second spring drives the piston to move, so that the I-shaped cavity is exhausted from the air outlet, and the exhaust is slow due to the small aperture of the air outlet;

[0023] S3. When the rock layer moves, the anchor claw assembly follows the movement, causing the wire rope to be dragged, and the wire rope drags the mold cavity to move, so that the piston reset process drives the first magnet to move through the second magnet, the slide drives the writing pen to move, and the writing pen marks a linear trajectory on the carrier plate, so as to monitor the movement trajectory of the rock layer.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The multi-base point friction type ground monitoring device and method for overburden movement, by positioning the anchor claw assembly in the monitoring hole, the rock stratum movement can be achieved by the anchor claw assembly dragging the wire rope to move, the wire rope can drag the I-shaped cavity to move, and because the caliber of the air outlet is small, the second spring drives the piston to slowly reset, and the magnetic attraction between the second magnet and the first magnet causes the slide to drive the writing pen to move in translation, and because of the displacement of the I-shaped cavity, the writing pen can make linear marks on the carrier plate, so that the rock stratum movement trajectory can be accurately described, ensuring the monitoring of the movement trajectory of the rock stratum, and this monitoring device can be operated on the ground, the operation is simple, safe and reliable, and the cost is reduced. Secondly, this method can effectively and dynamically monitor the rock stratum movement amount and the separation position before and after mining in real time, and can help technical personnel obtain the temporal and spatial evolution law of rock stratum movement under the influence of mining, and provide data support for subsequent actual production and disaster warning;

[0026] 2. The multi-base point friction type ground monitoring device and method for overburden migration, by dropping a hollow weight into the monitoring hole, the hollow weight is smoothly lowered to a suitable depth, at which time the elastic claw fits the inner wall of the monitoring hole, thereby positioning the upward position of the hollow weight, and then lifting the support by a steel wire rope, so that the support drives the toothed rod to move, the toothed rod and the gear drive, so that the rotating shaft drives the hexagonal cylinder to rotate, the hexagonal cylinder drives the screw and the nut to drive, so that the drill bit drills into the rock formation, thereby further positioning the hollow weight, improving the reinforcement effect of the anchor claw assembly, thereby avoiding the positioning failure of the anchor claw assembly, and thus determining the base point position;

[0027] 3. The multi-base point friction type ground monitoring device and method for overburden movement, by lowering a hollow weight into the monitoring hole and positioning the position of the hollow weight by an elastic claw, and by providing a plurality of hollow weights, can meet the monitoring operation in different rock formations, and each anchor claw assembly is individually connected to each linear monitoring assembly, so that different rock formations can be individually monitored, thereby improving the monitoring accuracy, and by lifting the wire rope, the support can drive the toothed rod and the gear transmission, and the rotating shaft drives the screw to rotate through the hexagonal tube, so that the screw can drive the drill bit to drill smoothly into the rock formation, thereby firmly positioning the hollow weight and maintaining a stable monitoring effect, thereby further improving the accuracy of the rock formation movement data, and the carrier plate can be pulled out and replaced, so that the rock formation movement data can be recorded in different time periods, and the movement law of the rock formation can be inferred through the data recorded for multiple times. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor. Among them:

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the implementation of ground monitoring of rock strata movement in a multi-base point frictional ground monitoring device and method for overburden movement described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an embedded support assembly in a ground monitoring device and method for multi-base point frictional overburden movement described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of the connection between a steel wire rope and an anchor claw assembly in a multi-base point friction-type ground monitoring device and method for overburden migration described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a base in a multi-base-point friction-type ground monitoring device and method for overburden migration described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the elastic locking structure in a ground monitoring device and method for multi-base point frictional overburden migration described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the support structure in a ground monitoring device and method for multi-base point frictional overburden migration described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an I-shaped cavity in a ground monitoring device and method for multi-base point frictional overburden migration described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the cross-section of the I-shaped cavity in a ground monitoring device and method for multi-base point frictional overburden migration described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a slide seat in a ground monitoring device and method for multi-base point frictional overburden movement described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a piston in a ground monitoring device and method for multi-base point frictional overburden migration described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a drooping anchor claw structure in a ground monitoring device and method for multi-base point frictional overburden migration described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a hollow weight cross-section in a ground monitoring device and method for multi-base point frictional overburden migration described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Fig.13 A structural schematic diagram of the connection between the transmission structure and the positioning structure in a ground monitoring device and method for multi-base point frictional overburden migration described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Fig.14 A schematic structural diagram of the separation of the screw and the hexagonal cylinder in a multi-base point friction type ground monitoring device and method for overburden migration described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Fig.15 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the transmission structure in a ground monitoring device and method for multi-base point frictional overburden migration described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Fig.16 In the embodiment of the present invention, a multi-base point friction type overburden migration ground monitoring device and method are provided Fig.14 Schematic diagram of the structure enlarged at point A in the middle.

[0045] In the figure: 100, rock formation; 200, monitoring hole; 300, embedded support assembly; 301, base; 302, wellhead tube; 303, support structure; 3031, support column; 3032, guide plate; 3033, limit sleeve; 3034, carrier plate; 304, elastic clamping structure; 3041, first spring; 3042, fixing bolt; 3043, nut; 3044, loose clamp; 305, linear monitoring structure; 3051, guide rail; 3052, bracket; 3053, cone wheel group; 3054, mold cavity; 3055, fixing sleeve; 3056, one-way air inlet; 3057, air outlet; 3058, piston; 3059, slide seat; 30510, first magnet; 305 11. Writing pen; 30512. Pen cap; 30513. Second magnet; 30514. Second spring; 30515. Fourth spring; 400. Goaf; 500. Wire rope; 600. Anchor claw assembly; 601. Drooping anchor claw structure; 6011. Hollow weight; 6012. Elastic claw; 6013. Opening; 602. Transmission structure; 6021. Fixed block; 6022. Connector; 6023. Third spring; 6024. Telescopic rod; 6025. Support; 6026. Tooth rod; 603. Positioning structure; 6031. Screw; 6032. Threaded sleeve; 6033. Drill bit; 6034. Hexagonal tube; 6035. Fixed frame; 6036. Rotating shaft; 6037. Gear. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0047] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0048] Secondly, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the schematic diagram. When describing the embodiments of the present invention in detail, for the sake of convenience, the cross-sectional diagrams showing the device structure will not be partially enlarged according to the general scale, and the schematic diagrams are only examples, which should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, in actual production, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included.

[0049] Furthermore, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] like Figure 1-10 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a multi-base point friction type overburden migration ground monitoring device, comprising an embedded support assembly 300 and a plurality of anchor claw assemblies 600, each of which is connected to a wire rope 500, and the plurality of anchor claw assemblies 600 and the wire rope 500 pass through a monitoring hole 200, the monitoring hole 200 is opened in a rock formation 100, and a goaf 400 is provided below the rock formation 100;

[0052] The embedded support assembly 300 includes a base 301, and a plurality of support structures 303 are arranged above the base 301. The support structure 303 includes a guide plate 3032, and a carrier plate 3034 is slidably arranged in the guide plate 3032. The carrier plate 3034 can be pulled out of the guide plate 3032, so that the carrier plate 3034 can be replaced, so as to record the migration trajectory of the rock layer 100 in different time periods. A support column 3031 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the guide plate 3032, and the support column 3031 is fixedly connected to the base 301. A wellhead tube 302 is arranged in the middle of the base 301. The wellhead tube 302 positions the support structure 303 to ensure that it is stuck in the position of the monitoring hole 200, and also has a certain protective effect on the monitoring hole 200 to prevent debris from falling into or the hole from collapsing. The problem is that the wire rope 500 passes through the wellhead tube 302, and the wellhead tube 302 passes through the monitoring hole 200. Two limit sleeves 3033 are fixedly connected to the guide plate 3032. The wire rope 500 passes through the limit sleeve 3033. The support structure 303 is also provided with an elastic clamping structure 304 and a linear monitoring structure 305. The elastic clamping structure 304 includes a loose splint 3044. Two fixing bolts 3042 are passed through the loose splint 3044. The two fixing bolts 3042 are also passed through the guide plate 3032 and are threadedly connected with the nut 3043. The top of the fixing bolt 3042 is fixedly connected with a first spring 3041. The first spring 3041 is also fixedly connected to the loose splint 3044. The wire rope 500 passes under the loose splint 3044. After the installation of the wire rope 500 is completed, the tightening amount of the fixing bolt 3042 is adjusted by adjusting the nut 3043, so that the pre-tightening force of the loosening clamp 3044 can be applied to the loosening clamp 3044 through the first spring 3041, thereby adjusting the pre-tightening force of the loosening clamp 3044 on the wire rope 500. The linear monitoring structure 305 includes two guide rails 3051, and the two guide rails 3051 are fixedly connected to the side of the guide plate 3032 through the bracket 3052. Two cone wheel groups 3053 are slidably connected to the guide rails 3051. The cone wheel group 3053 can maintain smooth sliding on the guide rails 3051, so that the I-shaped cavity 3054 moves smoothly. The I-shaped cavity 3054 is fixedly connected between the two cone wheel groups 3053, and one side of the I-shaped cavity 3054 is fixedly connected to two fourth springs 30 515, two fourth springs 30515 are respectively fixedly connected to the inner wall of the guide rail 3051, and the fourth springs 30515 can maintain the position of the I-shaped cavity 3054 to prevent the I-shaped cavity 3054 from sliding and displacing and affecting the monitoring of the rock formation 100. A fixing sleeve 3055 is fixedly connected above the I-shaped cavity 3054, and the wire rope 500 is fixed in the fixing sleeve 3055 by bolts. The wire rope 500 can be fixed in the fixing sleeve 3055 by bolts, so that the I-shaped cavity 3054 can be connected, so that the movement of the wire rope 500 can drive the I-shaped cavity 3054 to move. Two one-way air inlets 3056 are arranged above the I-shaped cavity 3054, and the one-way air inlet 3056 can maintain one-way air intake to prevent gas from being discharged from the I-shaped cavity 3054.An air outlet 3057 is provided on one side of the I-shaped cavity 3054. The diameter of the air outlet 3057 is small, so that the exhaust speed can be reduced, so that the piston 3058 can move slowly, thereby greatly extending the marking time of the writing pen 30511 on the carrier 3034, and effectively depicting the migration data of the rock layer 100. A piston 3058 is provided inside the I-shaped cavity 3054. A second spring 30514 is fixedly connected to one side of the piston 3058. The elastic force of the second spring 30514 can smoothly control the piston 3058 to reset, so that the second magnet 30513 and the first magnet are magnetically attracted, thereby driving the slide 3059 to move. One end of the second spring 30514 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the I-shaped cavity 3054. The piston 3058 is fixedly connected with a second magnet 30513 on both sides. The second magnet 30513 is magnetically attracted to the first magnet 30510. The two first magnets 30510 are fixedly connected to the slide 3059. The slide 3059 is slidably connected to the I-shaped cavity 3054. The I-shaped cavity 3054 can guide the slide 3059 so that the slide 3059 can slide smoothly, so that the writing pen 30511 can perform marking operations smoothly. A pen cover 30512 is fixedly connected to one side of the slide 3059. The pen cover 30512 fixes the writing pen 30511 through bolts. The writing pen 30511 can be fixed by bolts to keep the writing pen 30511 stable. The bottom end of the writing pen 30511 is in contact with the carrier plate 3034.

[0053] The anchor claw assembly 600 includes a drooping anchor claw structure 601, which includes a hollow weight 6011. The hollow setting of the hollow weight 6011 can ensure that the wire rope 500 passes smoothly, and the hollow weight 6011 can be smoothly placed in the detection hole by its own gravity, which is convenient for placement operation. A plurality of elastic claws 6012 are fixedly connected to the top of the hollow weight 6011, and the elastic claws 6012 can be pressed against the hole wall of the monitoring hole 200, so as to locate the position of the hollow weight 6011. Both sides of the hollow weight 6011 are provided with openings 6013, and the wire rope 500 passes through the hollow weight 6011. 011 passes through, and a transmission structure 602 and a positioning structure 603 are arranged inside the drooping anchor claw structure 601. The transmission structure 602 and the positioning structure 603 are transmitted. The transmission structure 602 is connected to the wire rope 500. The wire rope 500 passes through the drooping anchor claw structure 601 upward in sequence and extends to the supporting structure 303. The wire rope 500 also adjusts the preload force through the elastic locking structure 304 and is connected to the linear monitoring structure 305. When the rock formation 100 moves, the wire rope 500 pulls the linear monitoring structure 305 to mark the motion trajectory on the supporting structure 303 for monitoring.

[0054] In this embodiment, by positioning the anchor assembly 600 in the monitoring hole 200, the rock formation 100 can be moved by the anchor assembly 600 dragging the wire rope 500, and the wire rope 500 can drag the I-shaped cavity 3054 to move. Since the caliber of the air outlet 3057 is small, the second spring 30514 drives the piston 3058 to slowly reset. Then, through the magnetic attraction between the second magnet 30513 and the first magnet 30510, the slide seat 3059 drives the writing pen 30511 to perform translational movement. Displacement allows the writing pen 30511 to make linear marks on the carrier plate 3034, thereby accurately describing the migration trajectory of the rock stratum 100 and ensuring the monitoring of the movement trajectory of the rock stratum 100. Moreover, this monitoring device can be operated on the ground, which is simple to operate, safe and reliable, and reduces costs. Secondly, this method can effectively and dynamically monitor the migration amount and detachment position of the rock stratum 100 before and after mining in real time, and can help technicians obtain the spatiotemporal evolution law of the migration of the rock stratum 100 under the influence of mining, and provide data support for subsequent actual production and disaster warning.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] Combined with Figure 11-16 , it is concluded that: the transmission structure 602 includes a support 6025 and two telescopic rods 6024, the support 6025 is fixedly connected to the wire rope 500, a toothed rod 6026 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support 6025, both ends of the telescopic rod 6024 are fixedly connected to connecting members 6022, and a third spring 6023 is fixedly connected between the two connecting members 6022. The two connecting members 6022 are respectively hinged to the fixed block 6021 and one end of the support 6025 through a pin shaft, and the position of the support 6025 can be maintained by the third spring 6023, so as to stabilize the position of the toothed rod 6026, and the connecting member 6022 can be turned by the pin shaft, so that the support 6025 can move up and down smoothly, and at the same time, the third spring 6023 can maintain the position of the support 6025, and the fixed block 6021 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hollow weight 6011;

[0057] The positioning structure 603 includes a rotating shaft 6036, and a gear 6037 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 6036. The gear 6037 meshes with the gear rod 6026. The gear 6037 is driven by the gear rod 6026 and the gear 6037, so that the rotating shaft 6036 can rotate. The rotating shaft 6036 is rotatably mounted on two fixed frames 6035 through two bearings. The fixed frames 6035 can support the rotating shaft 6036, and the rotating shaft 6036 can maintain stable rotation through the bearings. The two fixed frames 6035 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hollow weight 6011. Both ends of the rotating shaft 6036 are fixedly connected to a hexagonal tube 6034. The polygonal shape of the hexagonal tube 6034 The arrangement enables the screw 6031 to not only slide and displace on the hexagonal tube 6034, but also the rotation of the hexagonal tube 6034 can drive the screw 6031 to rotate. The outer sleeve of the hexagonal tube 6034 is provided with a screw 6031, one end of the screw 6031 is fixedly connected with a drill bit 6033, the drill bit 6033 is arranged in the opening 6013, the screw 6031 is threadedly connected in the threaded sleeve 6032, and the drill bit 6033 can be smoothly drilled into the rock formation 100 through the transmission of the screw 6031 and the threaded sleeve 6032, so that the hollow weight 6011 can be effectively and firmly fixed. The threaded sleeve 6032 is fixedly installed on the hollow weight 6011.

[0058] In this embodiment: by dropping the hollow weight 6011 into the monitoring hole 200, the hollow weight 6011 is smoothly lowered to a suitable depth. At this time, the elastic claw 6012 is attached to the inner wall of the monitoring hole 200, so that the upward position of the hollow weight 6011 can be positioned, and then the support 6025 is lifted by the wire rope 500, so that the support 6025 drives the toothed rod 6026 to move, and the toothed rod 6026 and the gear 6037 are transmitted, so that the rotating shaft 6036 drives the hexagonal tube 6034 to rotate, and the hexagonal tube 6034 drives the screw rod 6031 and the nut 3043 to transmit, so that the drill bit 6033 drills into the rock formation 100, so that the hollow weight 6011 can be further positioned, and the reinforcement effect of the anchor claw assembly 600 is improved, so as to avoid the positioning failure of the anchor claw assembly 600, and thus the base point position can be determined.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] Combined with Figure 5-6 and attached Figure 12-16 , it is concluded that the drooping anchor claw structure 601 includes a hollow weight 6011, a plurality of elastic claws 6012 are fixedly connected to the top of the hollow weight 6011, openings 6013 are provided on both sides of the hollow weight 6011, and the wire rope 500 passes through the hollow weight 6011, and the support structure 303 includes a guide plate 3032, and a carrier plate 3034 is slidably provided in the guide plate 3032;

[0061] The positioning structure 603 includes a rotating shaft 6036, to which a gear 6037 is fixedly connected. The gear 6037 meshes with the gear rod 6026. The rotating shaft 6036 is rotatably mounted on two fixing frames 6035 through two bearings. The two fixing frames 6035 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hollow weight 6011. Both ends of the rotating shaft 6036 are fixedly connected to a hexagonal tube 6034. The outer sleeve of the hexagonal tube 6034 is provided with a screw 6031. One end of the screw 6031 is fixedly connected to a drill bit 6033. The drill bit 6033 is arranged in the opening 6013. The screw 6031 is threadedly connected to a threaded sleeve 6032. The threaded sleeve 6032 is fixedly mounted on the hollow weight 6011.

[0062] In this embodiment, the hollow weight 6011 is lowered into the monitoring hole 200, and the position of the hollow weight 6011 is positioned by the elastic claw 6012. Moreover, a plurality of hollow weights 6011 are provided to meet the monitoring operation in different rock layers 100. Moreover, each anchor claw assembly 600 is individually connected to each linear monitoring assembly, so that the individual monitoring of different rock layers 100 can be achieved, thereby improving the monitoring accuracy. Moreover, by lifting the wire rope 500, the support 6025 can drive the toothed rod 6026 and the gear 6037 transmission causes the rotating shaft 6036 to rotate the screw 6031 through the hexagonal tube 6034, so that the screw 6031 can drive the drill bit 6033 to drill smoothly into the rock layer 100, thereby firmly positioning the hollow weight 6011 and maintaining a stable monitoring effect, thereby further improving the accuracy of the migration data of the rock layer 100, and the carrier plate 3034 can be withdrawn and replaced, so that the migration data of the rock layer 100 can be recorded in different time periods, and the migration law of the rock layer 100 can be inferred through the data recorded for multiple times.

[0063] A method for using a multi-base point friction type ground monitoring device for overburden migration includes the following steps:

[0064] S1. When testing the rock formation 100, firstly, the anchor assembly 600 is put into the monitoring hole 200, so that it can smoothly go deep into the monitoring hole 200 by gravity, and then the wire rope 500 is pulled up, so that the wire rope 500 pulls up the support 6025 to drive the third spring 6023 to move upward and deform, and at the same time, the gear rod 6026 is driven upward to transmit to the gear 6037, and the gear 6037 drives the rotating shaft 6036 and the hexagonal cylinder 6034 to rotate, so that the screw rod 6031 and the threaded sleeve 6032 drive the drill bit 6033 to extend out of the drill hole, so that the drill bit 6033 drills into the rock formation 100 to further fix the position of the anchor assembly 600;

[0065] S2, then the steel wire rope 500 passes through the limiting sleeve 3033 and passes through the loose clamping plate 3044, and then the tightening amount of the fixing bolt 3042 is adjusted by adjusting the nut 3043, so that the steel wire rope 500 is pre-tightened through the first spring 3041 and the loose clamping plate 3044, so that the steel wire rope 500 is finally fixed on the fixing sleeve 3055 by the bolt, and then the sliding seat 3059 is moved away from the air outlet 3057 to one end of the I-shaped cavity 3054, so that the magnetic attraction between the first magnet 30510 and the second magnet 30513 drives the piston 3058 to move, and the piston 3058 takes in air through the one-way air inlet 3056 and the air outlet 3057, and the second spring 30514 is compressed, and then the second spring 30514 drives the piston 3058 to move, so that the I-shaped cavity 3054 is exhausted from the air outlet 3057. Since the aperture of the air outlet 3057 is relatively small, the exhaust is slow;

[0066] S3. When the rock formation 100 moves, the anchor claw assembly 600 follows the movement, causing the wire rope 500 to be dragged, and the wire rope 500 drags the mold cavity 3054 to move, so that the piston 3058 resets and the first magnet 30510 is driven to move by the second magnet 30513, so that the slide 3059 drives the writing pen 30511 to move, and the writing pen 30511 marks a linear trajectory on the carrier plate 3034, so as to monitor the movement trajectory of the rock formation 100.

[0067] Construction process of overburden layer 100 migration monitoring:

[0068] Step 1: Conduct on-site geomechanical surveys to understand the working face advancement speed and daily advancement rate, obtain the working face surface drilling location information and basic drilling parameters, and preliminarily determine the monitoring hole 200;

[0069] Step 2: Obtain the lithology information and rock physical and mechanical parameters of the overburden rock, determine the location of the key overburden layer, and preliminarily estimate the development height of the "two zones";

[0070] Step 3: Based on the position information of the key overburden layers of the working face and the development height of the "two zones", determine the corresponding monitoring base point positions in each monitoring hole 200 holes;

[0071] Step 4: Determine the monitoring area and device size based on the advancement of the working face and the drilling parameters, and install the multi-base point friction type overburden migration ground monitoring device in the monitoring hole 200;

[0072] Step 5: Capture and collect overburden migration data, record and store the values ​​of each monitoring hole 200 at different times;

[0073] Wherein: in step 1, the surface borehole is an existing hydrogeological borehole, or it can be drilled by itself according to the site overview, and the lithology column diagram of the rock layer 100 in the borehole is obtained. The position of the monitoring hole 200 needs to be 100m ahead of the working face advancement position;

[0074] In step 2, the development height of the "two zones" is estimated by the "empirical formula" in the "Three-level Coal Mining Specifications". Combined with the lithology columnar information of rock layer 100 in step 1, the position information of the key layer of the overburden of the working face is calculated. The judgment conditions are as follows:

[0075] Stiffness condition: q n+1 <q n

[0076] Strength conditions: l j <l j+1

[0077] In the formula, qn+1 and qn are the loads on the first critical layer when calculating the n+1th layer and the nth layer respectively;

[0078] lj, lj+1 are the breaking distances of the jth layer and the j+1th layer respectively;

[0079] In step 3, the number of base points is not fixed, and the base point locations are selected considering two aspects: ① 100 rock layers in each key layer, including the main key layer and sub-key layer; ② covering the “two belts” area;

[0080] In step 4, the drilling parameters mainly consider the aperture information. For different apertures, different models and sizes of devices are selected to ensure normal operation. The working principle of the multi-base point friction overburden migration ground monitoring device is to use the gravity of the anchor claw assembly 600 to lower it to the 200 base point position of the monitoring hole, connect it with the guide plate 3032 using the wire rope 500, and use the elastic clamping structure 304 to apply a suitable preload to reach the critical friction force to ensure the fixation of the anchor claw assembly 600. The preload calculation formula is as follows:

[0081]

[0082] Where: Fx is the preload, F1 is the weight of the anchor claw, F2 is the weight of the cable per meter, h is the depth of the base point, μ is the friction coefficient between the cable and the elastic clamp, and k is the elastic coefficient of the spring;

[0083] In step five, the wire rope 500 at the end of the embedded support assembly 300 is kept taut and connected to the linear monitoring structure 305, so as to realize real-time dynamic monitoring of the movement of overburden in each monitoring hole 200 at different times. Traditional mechanical components are used in the hole, which has good safety performance and is not easy to induce risks such as gas explosion.

[0084] Importantly, it should be noted that the construction and arrangement of the present application shown in a number of different exemplary embodiments are only exemplary. Although only a few embodiments are described in detail in this disclosure, it should be readily understood by those who refer to this disclosure that many modifications are possible, for example, the size, scale, structure, shape and proportion of various elements, and parameter values ​​such as temperature, pressure, etc., mounting arrangements, use of materials, color, directional changes, etc., without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in the application. For example, the element shown as integrally formed can be composed of multiple parts or elements, the position of the element can be inverted or otherwise changed, and the nature or number or position of the discrete element can be changed or changed. Therefore, all such modifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. The order or sequence of any process or method steps can be changed or reordered according to alternative embodiments. In the claims, any "device plus function" clause is intended to cover the structure of the execution function described herein, and is not only structurally equivalent but also equivalent structure. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, other replacements, modifications, changes and omissions can be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments. Therefore, the invention is not limited to a specific embodiment, but extends to numerous modifications still falling within the scope of the appended claims.

[0085] Furthermore, in order to provide a concise description of exemplary embodiments, all features of an actual embodiment may not be described, i.e., those features that are not relevant to the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the invention or those features that are not relevant to implementing the invention.

[0086] It should be understood that in the development of any actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort may be complex and time-consuming, but for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure, the development effort will be a routine task of design, fabrication, and production without undue experimentation.

[0087] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-base point frictional ground monitoring device for overburden migration, Features: The invention comprises an embedded support assembly (300) and a plurality of fluke assemblies (600), each fluke assembly (600) being connected to a steel wire rope (500), the plurality of fluke assemblies (600) and the steel wire rope (500) passing through a monitoring hole (200), the monitoring hole (200) being opened in a rock formation (100), and a goaf (400) being provided below the rock formation (100); The embedded support component (300) comprises a base (301), a plurality of support structures (303) are arranged above the base (301), and an elastic locking structure (304) and a linear monitoring structure (305) are also arranged on the support structure (303); The anchor claw assembly (600) comprises a drooping anchor claw structure (601), wherein a transmission structure (602) and a positioning structure (603) are arranged inside the drooping anchor claw structure (601), wherein the transmission structure (602) and the positioning structure (603) are transmitted, wherein the transmission structure (602) is connected to a steel wire rope (500), wherein the steel wire rope (500) sequentially passes upward through the drooping anchor claw structure (601) and extends to the supporting structure (303), wherein the steel wire rope (500) is further configured to adjust the preload force through an elastic locking structure (304) and is connected to a linear monitoring structure (305), wherein when the rock formation (100) moves, the steel wire rope (500) pulls the linear monitoring structure (305) to mark a movement trajectory on the supporting structure (303) for monitoring.

2. A multi-base point friction type ground monitoring device for overburden migration as claimed in claim 1, Features: The support structure (303) comprises a guide plate (3032), a carrier plate (3034) is slidably provided in the guide plate (3032), a support column (3031) is fixedly connected below the guide plate (3032), the support column (3031) is fixedly connected to the base (301), a wellhead tube (302) is provided in the middle of the base (301), the steel wire rope (500) passes through the wellhead tube (302), and the wellhead tube (302) passes into the monitoring hole (200); Two limiting sleeves (3033) are fixedly connected to the guide plate (3032), and the steel wire rope (500) passes through the limiting sleeves (3033).

3. A multi-base point friction type ground monitoring device for overburden migration as claimed in claim 2, Features: The elastic locking structure (304) includes a loosening clamp (3044), two fixing bolts (3042) are passed through the loosening clamp (3044), the two fixing bolts (3042) are also passed through a guide plate (3032) and are threadedly connected to a nut (3043), a first spring (3041) is fixedly connected to the top of the fixing bolt (3042), and the first spring (3041) is also fixedly connected to the loosening clamp (3044), and the steel wire rope (500) passes under the loosening clamp (3044).

4. A multi-base point friction type ground monitoring device for overburden migration as claimed in claim 2, Features: The linear monitoring structure (305) comprises two guide rails (3051), the two guide rails (3051) are fixedly connected to the side of the guide plate (3032) through a bracket (3052), two cone wheel groups (3053) are slidably connected to the guide rails (3051), an I-shaped cavity (3054) is fixedly connected between the two cone wheel groups (3053), one side of the I-shaped cavity (3054) is fixedly connected to two fourth springs (30515), the two fourth springs (30515) are respectively fixedly connected to the inner wall of the guide rail (3051), a fixing sleeve (3055) is fixedly connected above the I-shaped cavity (3054), the steel wire rope (500) is fixed in the fixing sleeve (3055) by bolts, two one-way air inlets (3056) are arranged above the I-shaped cavity (3054), and an air outlet (3057) is arranged on one side of the I-shaped cavity (3054).

5. A multi-base point friction type ground monitoring device for overburden migration as claimed in claim 4, Features: A piston (3058) is disposed inside the I-shaped cavity (3054), a second spring (30514) is fixedly connected to one side of the piston (3058), and one end of the second spring (30514) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the I-shaped cavity (3054); The piston (3058) is fixedly connected to both sides with a second magnet (30513), the second magnet (30513) is magnetically attracted to the first magnet (30510), the two first magnets (30510) are fixedly connected to a slide seat (3059), the slide seat (3059) is slidably connected to the I-shaped cavity (3054), one side of the slide seat (3059) is fixedly connected to a pen cover (30512), the pen cover (30512) is fixed to the writing pen (30511) by bolts, and the bottom end of the writing pen (30511) is in contact with the carrier plate (3034).

6. A multi-base point friction type ground monitoring device for overburden migration as claimed in claim 1, Features: The drooping anchor claw structure (601) comprises a hollow weight (6011), a plurality of elastic claws (6012) are fixedly connected to the top of the hollow weight (6011), openings (6013) are provided on both sides of the hollow weight (6011), and the steel wire rope (500) passes through the hollow weight (6011).

7. A multi-base point friction type ground monitoring device for overburden migration as claimed in claim 6, Features: The transmission structure (602) comprises a support (6025) and two telescopic rods (6024); the support (6025) is fixedly connected to the steel wire rope (500); a toothed rod (6026) is fixedly connected below the support (6025); both ends of the telescopic rod (6024) are fixedly connected to connecting members (6022); a third spring (6023) is fixedly connected between the two connecting members (6022); the two connecting members (6022) are respectively hinged to a fixed block (6021) and one end of the support (6025) through a pin; the fixed block (6021) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hollow weight (6011).

8. A multi-base point friction type ground monitoring device for overburden migration as claimed in claim 7, Features: The positioning structure (603) includes a rotating shaft (6036), to which a gear (6037) is fixedly connected. The gear (6037) is meshed with the gear rod (6026). The rotating shaft (6036) is rotatably mounted on two fixing frames (6035) via two bearings. The two fixing frames (6035) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hollow weight (6011).

9. A multi-base point friction type ground monitoring device for overburden migration as claimed in claim 8, Features: Both ends of the rotating shaft (6036) are fixedly connected to a hexagonal tube (6034), the outer shell of the hexagonal tube (6034) is provided with a screw rod (6031), one end of the screw rod (6031) is fixedly connected to a drill bit (6033), the drill bit (6033) is arranged in the opening (6013), the screw rod (6031) is threadedly connected to a threaded sleeve (6032), and the threaded sleeve (6032) is fixedly installed on the hollow weight (6011).

10. A method for using a multi-base point friction type ground monitoring device for overburden migration as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, Features: The steps include: S1. When testing the rock formation (100), firstly, the anchor claw assembly (600) is placed into the monitoring hole (200) so that it can smoothly go down into the monitoring hole (200) by gravity, and then the steel wire rope (500) is pulled upward, so that the steel wire rope (500) pulls up the support (6025) to drive the third spring (6023) to move upward and deform, and at the same time, the gear rod (6026) is driven upward to transmit the gear (6037), and the gear (6037) drives the rotating shaft (6036) and the hexagonal cylinder (6034) to rotate, so that the screw rod (6031) and the threaded sleeve (6032) drive the drill bit (6033) to extend out of the drilling mouth, so that the drill bit (6033) drills into the rock formation (100) to further fix the position of the anchor claw assembly (600); S2, then the steel wire rope (500) is passed through the limiting sleeve (3033) and through the loose clamping plate (3044), and then the tightening amount of the fixing bolt (3042) is adjusted by adjusting the nut (3043), so that the steel wire rope (500) is pre-tightened by the first spring (3041) and the loose clamping plate (3044), so that the steel wire rope (500) is finally fixed to the fixing sleeve (3055) by the bolt, and then the sliding seat (3059) is moved away from the air outlet (3057) to the mold cavity (305 4), so that the magnetic attraction between the first magnet (30510) and the second magnet (30513) drives the piston (3058) to move, the piston (3058) takes in air through the one-way air inlet (3056) and the air outlet (3057), and the second spring (30514) is compressed, and then the second spring (30514) drives the piston (3058) to move, so that the I-shaped cavity (3054) is exhausted from the air outlet (3057), and since the aperture of the air outlet (3057) is relatively small, the exhaust is slow; S3. When the rock formation (100) moves, the anchor claw assembly (600) follows the movement, causing the steel wire rope (500) to be dragged, and the steel wire rope (500) drags the mold cavity (3054) to move, so that the piston (3058) resets and drives the first magnet (30510) to move through the second magnet (30513), so that the slide seat (3059) drives the writing pen (30511) to move, and the writing pen (30511) marks a linear trajectory on the carrier plate (3034), thereby monitoring the movement trajectory of the rock formation (100).

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