Tubular three-dimensional micro-channel reactor

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of chemical reaction equipment, and discloses a tubular three-dimensional microchannel reactor which comprises a reactor inner tube and a reactor outer tube, a three-dimensional microchannel module is fixed between the reactor inner tube and the reactor outer tube, and the reactor inner tube is coaxially fixed in the reactor outer tube; the three-dimensional micro-channel module is composed of micro-channel assemblies which are communicated with one another, and a solid framework formed by connecting solid particles is fixed in each micro-channel assembly; inner flow guide partition plates and outer flow guide partition plates which are alternately arranged are fixed on the three-dimensional micro-channel module, one ends of the inner flow guide partition plates are attached to the reactor inner pipe, and the outer flow guide partition plates are attached to the reactor outer pipe. According to the tubular three-dimensional microchannel reactor disclosed by the invention, the multidimensional microporous structure is arranged in the reaction channel, so that the advantages of a tubular microchannel reactor and a plate microchannel reactor are combined, and the tubular three-dimensional microchannel reactor has porosity and large specific surface area, and provides a regional micro center for collision and reaction for materials, so that the movement distance of material molecules is greatly reduced, and the reaction speed is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of chemical reaction equipment, in particular to a tubular three-dimensional microchannel reactor. Background Art

[0002] The characteristics of microchannel reactors are that they are small in size and provide good heat and mass transfer effects. Currently, microchannels refer to mixing devices with hydraulic diameters ranging from tens of micrometers to several millimeters. Their performance directly determines the core effects such as the conversion rate, selectivity, and space utilization of the reactor of the chemical reaction.

[0003] For example, CN102202774A discloses a "heart-shaped" microchannel reactor, which can achieve a good mixing effect and a high mass transfer coefficient under high flow rate conditions by inducing the formation of vortices and swirls. However, since most of its flow channels are in series, the pressure drop is too large, and it is very easy to get clogged, and the problem of immiscible two-phase fluid stratification is prone to occur under low flow rate conditions. At the same time, the main limiting factor of the plate structure in the implementation of high-pressure processes is that when the plate area is enlarged, the sealing difficulty will be greatly increased. Therefore, this type of equipment mainly expands its production capacity by increasing the number of plates, and the equipment manufacturing cost is high.

[0004] CN101663084A discloses a continuous flow reactor of a porous structure mixer, which achieves the effect of enhancing mixing by changing the flow channel size and using multiple small holes to form a jet. To achieve jet mixing, the fluid passing through the porous structure must reach a certain speed. Usually, the number of small holes in the mixer is not large, and the size of the small holes cannot be too large. The fluid flowing through the mixer will have a large pressure loss. The number of mixers in a reactor is limited, and there is a great risk of clogging during use, which limits its application.

[0005] CN101952029A discloses a continuous flow reaction mixing device with a porous structure. The structure is complex and the residence time of the material in the reactor is limited by the structure and size of the mixer.

[0006] However, the reaction channels of tubular reactors are mostly simple in configuration, mainly consisting of straight channels or narrow gaps, which may lead to blockage during use, uneven heat exchange and poor heat exchange efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to design a tubular three-dimensional microchannel reactor. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a tubular three-dimensional microchannel reactor to solve the problems in the prior art.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] A tubular three-dimensional microchannel reactor comprises an inner reactor tube and an outer reactor tube, a three-dimensional microchannel module is fixed between the inner reactor tube and the outer reactor tube, and the inner reactor tube is coaxially fixed inside the outer reactor tube.

[0010] The three-dimensional microchannel module is composed of interconnected microchannel components, and a solid skeleton formed by connecting solid particles is fixed in the microchannel component.

[0011] The three-dimensional microchannel module is fixed with alternately arranged inner guide baffles and outer guide baffles, one end of the inner guide baffle is attached to the inner tube of the reactor, and the outer guide baffle is attached to the outer tube of the reactor.

[0012] The three-dimensional microchannel module is divided into a plurality of reaction modules by an inner guide baffle and an outer guide baffle, and the meshed three-dimensional microchannel module is connected in series by an outer guide pool and an inner guide pool.

[0013] Furthermore, an outer side of the outer tube of the reactor is provided with an outer clamping sleeve, and an external heat exchange medium conveying component is fixed on the outer clamping sleeve. The external heat exchange medium conveying component includes an external heat exchange medium inlet pipe and an external heat exchange medium outlet pipe fixedly connected to the outer clamping sleeve. The inner guide pool and the inner guide baffle exchange heat with the inner heat exchange medium through the inner tube of the reactor, and the outer guide pool and the outer guide baffle complete heat exchange with the external heat exchange medium through the outer tube of the reactor.

[0014] Furthermore, the inner guide baffles and the outer guide baffles are made of metal or non-metallic materials, and are fixed to the upper and lower ends of the three-dimensional microchannel module. The inner guide baffles and the outer guide baffles are staggered to change the material flow direction in adjacent three-dimensional microchannel modules.

[0015] Furthermore, the inner guide pool and the outer guide pool are circular channels or holes and grooves opened on the guide baffle.

[0016] Furthermore, an outer guide pool and an inner guide pool are respectively provided on both sides of the three-dimensional microchannel module, one end of the outer guide baffle is fixed between the two outer guide pools, and one end of the inner guide baffle is fixed between the two inner guide pools.

[0017] Furthermore, the solid particle material of the solid skeleton is a metal material, or one of non-metallic materials, and the shape is cylindrical, disc-shaped or cylindrical ring-shaped, and the three-dimensional microchannel module serves as a catalyst carrier.

[0018] Furthermore, the porosity of the microchannel component is 10%-80%, and the average pore size of the microchannel component is 1 um to 3000 um.

[0019] Furthermore, the two ends of the outer clamping sleeve are respectively fixed with end plate 1 and end plate 2, and the end plate 1 is fixed with a feed pipe. The two ends of the feed pipe are provided with feed port 1 and feed port 2, and feed port 1 and feed port 2 are both connected to the outer diversion pool.

[0020] Furthermore, the heat exchange unit is composed of two concentric tubes, an inner flow passage is formed by the inner tube inside the inner tube, and an outer flow passage is formed by the outer wall of the reaction channel and the jacket.

[0021] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0022] 1. The tubular three-dimensional microchannel reactor of the present invention has a multi-dimensional microporous structure built into the reaction channel to combine the advantages of tubular and plate microchannel reactors. It has porosity and a large specific surface area, provides a regional microcenter for collision and reaction of materials, greatly reduces the moving distance of material molecules, and increases the reaction speed;

[0023] 2. The tubular three-dimensional microchannel reactor of the present invention has multi-dimensional directions of the three-dimensional microchannel module, which effectively reduces the risk of blockage. Even if a single microchannel is blocked, the fluid will bypass the blocked channel and continue to move forward; it effectively reduces the system pressure drop and improves the disadvantages of the existing microreactor;

[0024] 3. The tubular three-dimensional microchannel reactor of the present invention avoids the drawbacks of easy clogging and large pressure drop of the plate-type series channels through the three-dimensional microchannel module. At the same time, the internal heat transfer is enhanced by switching the flow direction through the return structure in the reaction channel, making the equipment simpler. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the reactor of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the reactor of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional microchannel module of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a partial schematic diagram of the flow of reaction medium and heat exchange medium inside the reactor of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the three-dimensional microchannel module and the diversion pool of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the three-dimensional microchannel module and the guide baffle of the reactor of the present invention.

[0032] The following are the descriptions of the reference numerals:

[0033] 1. Three-dimensional microchannel module; 2. Reactor inner tube; 3. Reactor outer tube; 4. External clamping sleeve; 5. Feed pipe; 6. Discharge port; 7. External heat exchange medium conveying parts; 8. Internal heat exchange medium inlet and outlet; 9. Internal guide baffle; 10. External guide baffle; 11. External guide pool; 12. Internal guide pool; 13. End plate 1; 14. End plate 2; 101. Solid skeleton; 102. Microchannel assembly; 501. Feed port 1; 502. Feed port 2; 701. External heat exchange medium outlet pipe; 702. External heat exchange medium inlet pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] A tubular three-dimensional microchannel reactor, such as Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, it includes a three-dimensional microchannel module 1, a reactor inner tube 2, a reactor outer tube 3, an outer clamping sleeve 4, a feed pipe 5, a discharge port 6, an inner guide baffle 9 and an outer guide baffle 10.

[0036] The inner tube 2 of the reactor is coaxially fixedly installed in the outer tube 3 of the reactor. The inner tube 2 of the reactor is used for the internal heat exchange medium to pass through. A reaction channel is arranged between the inner tube 2 of the reactor and the outer tube 3 of the reactor. The reaction channel is a pressure-bearing structure. The three-dimensional microchannel module 1 is the chemical reaction part. The three-dimensional microchannel module 1 is located in the reaction channel, and the three-dimensional microchannel module 1 is provided with an inner guide baffle 9 and an outer guide baffle 10.

[0037] The inner guide baffle 9 is in close contact with the outer wall of the reactor inner tube 2, and the outer guide baffle 10 is in close contact with the inner wall of the reactor outer tube 3. An outer guide pool 11 and an inner guide pool 12 are left on the other side. Each baffle is made of metal or non-metal material.

[0038] The inner guide baffle 9 and the outer guide baffle 10 are fixedly installed at the upper and lower ends of the three-dimensional microchannel module 1, wherein the inner guide baffle 9 and the outer guide baffle 10 are staggeredly installed; when the fluid flows out from the upper module, it encounters the guide baffle, the fluid changes direction, flows to the three-dimensional microchannel module 1 and passes through to the guide pool on the other side, and then the fluid direction changes and flows to the next adjacent three-dimensional microchannel module. The inner guide pool 12 and the outer guide pool 11 can be an annular channel formed by one side of the guide plate and the heat exchange wall, or can be formed by openings on the guide baffle, and the guide channel is close to the reactor inner tube 2 and the reactor outer tube 3.

[0039] The inner guide baffle 9 and the outer guide baffle 10 have the same structure. An outer guide pool 11 and an inner guide pool 12 are respectively arranged on both sides of the three-dimensional microchannel module 1. The outer guide pool 11 and the inner guide pool 12 are connected in series. One end of the outer guide baffle 10 is fixedly arranged between the two outer guide pools 11, and one end of the inner guide baffle 9 is fixedly arranged between the two inner guide pools 12.

[0040] An outer sleeve of the reactor outer tube 3 is provided with an outer clamping sleeve 4, on which an external heat exchange medium conveying member 7 is fixedly provided, and the external heat exchange medium conveying member 7 includes an external heat exchange medium inlet pipe 702 and an external heat exchange medium outlet pipe 701 fixedly connected to the outer clamping sleeve 4, the inner guide pool 12 and the inner guide baffle 9 exchange heat with the inner heat exchange medium through the reactor inner tube 2, and the outer guide pool 11 and the outer guide baffle 10 complete heat exchange with the external heat exchange medium through the reactor outer tube 3.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, the three-dimensional microchannel module 1 is composed of interconnected microchannel components 102, the microchannel ports are open, and their directions are three-dimensional and multi-directional, and the fluid can flow from one side of the module to any other side; the microchannel component 102 is composed of a solid skeleton 101 to form a three-dimensional network structure, with a porosity of 10%-80%, preferably a porosity of 20%-50%; the solid skeleton 101 is formed by connecting solid particles, and the average pore size of the microchannel component 102 is 1um to 3000um, preferably a pore size of 50um to 500um.

[0042] The solid particles are made of metal material or one of non-metallic materials, and are in the shape of cylinder, disc or cylindrical ring. They are assembled between the reactor inner tube 2 and the reactor outer tube 3. The three-dimensional microchannel module 1 can be used as a catalyst carrier. After the target catalyst is loaded on the microchannel module, it is assembled and used.

[0043] The two ends of the outer tube sleeve 4 are respectively fixedly connected with an end plate 13 and an end plate 2 14, and the end plate 13 is fixedly connected with a feed pipe 5. The two ends of the feed pipe 5 are provided with a feed port 1 501 and a feed port 2 502. The feed port 1 501 and the feed port 2 502 are both connected to the outer guide pool 11. The feed port 1 501 and the feed port 2 502 are respectively used for material a and material b to enter the reactor channel, and mixing occurs in the outer guide pool 11. The outer guide baffle 10 changes the flow direction of the mixture of material a and material b and enters the three-dimensional microchannel module 1.

[0044] like Figure 3 , Figure 4As shown, the material flows in the three-dimensional microchannel module 1 of the reactor, and is changed in direction by the outer guide baffle 10. The material flows from the outer guide pool 11 to the inner guide pool 12, and then is blocked by the inner guide baffle 9, and flows from the inner guide pool 12 to another outer guide pool 11. This is repeated, and the material is changed in direction many times, moves in the three-dimensional microchannel module 1, and finally flows into the end plate 14. The end plate 14 is fixedly provided with a discharge port 6 for discharging the product.

[0045] The material enters the microchannel component 102 in the three-dimensional microchannel module 1. The microchannel component 102 formed by the microparticle mesh 101 increases the specific surface area of ​​the material contact exponentially, and the fluid direction changes randomly, collides, and increases the mass transfer efficiency exponentially. The fluid flows through the three-dimensional microchannel module 1 and enters the inner diversion pool 12, gathers and mixes again, changes flow direction, enters the next level three-dimensional microchannel module 1, and then enters the outer diversion pool 11.

[0046] Internal heat exchange medium inlet and outlet 8 are fixedly provided at both ends of the reactor inner tube 2.

[0047] Here’s how it works:

[0048] Material a and material b are supplied to the three-dimensional microchannel module 1, flow in the three-dimensional microchannel module 1 of the reactor, and are changed in direction by the outer guide baffle 10. The material flows from the outer guide pool 11 to the inner guide pool 12, and then is blocked by the inner guide baffle 9, and flows from the inner guide pool 12 to another outer guide pool 11. During this process, the inner guide pool 12 and the inner guide baffle 9 exchange heat with the inner heat exchange medium through the inner tube 2 of the reactor, and the outer guide pool 11 and the outer guide baffle 10 complete heat exchange with the external heat exchange medium through the outer tube 3 of the reactor.

[0049] The material moves alternately in the multiple three-dimensional micro-channel modules 1 in the above manner, and this is repeated. The material changes direction multiple times, moves in the three-dimensional micro-channel module 1, and finally flows to the discharge port 6 in the second end plate 14 to discharge the product c.

[0050] The setting of the guide baffle compulsorily increases the heat exchange efficiency of the fluid and the cold and hot media, avoids the appearance of the internal heat exchange dead zone, and better improves the heat exchange efficiency of the system. At the same time, the internal and external heat exchange tubes also increase the heat exchange specific surface area and improve the heat exchange efficiency.

[0051] The main pressure-bearing structures of the entire system are the reaction tubes and internal heat exchange tubes. Due to their tubular design, the materials are easily available and the pressure range of the reactor is extended to more than 10MPa.

[0052] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected.

Claims

1. A tubular three-dimensional microchannel reactor, comprising a reactor inner tube (2) and a reactor outer tube (3), It is characterized in that A three-dimensional microchannel module (1) is fixed between the reactor inner tube (2) and the reactor outer tube (3), and the reactor inner tube (2) is coaxially fixed inside the reactor outer tube (3); The three-dimensional microchannel module (1) is composed of interconnected microchannel components (102), wherein a solid skeleton (101) formed by connecting solid particles is fixed inside the microchannel component (102); The three-dimensional microchannel module (1) is fixed with inner flow guide baffles (9) and outer flow guide baffles (10) arranged alternately, one end of the inner flow guide baffle (9) is attached to the inner tube (2) of the reactor, and the outer flow guide baffle (10) is attached to the inner tube (3) of the reactor; The three-dimensional microchannel module (1) is divided into a plurality of reaction modules by an inner flow guide baffle (9) and an outer flow guide baffle (10), and the meshed three-dimensional microchannel module (1) is connected in series by an outer flow guide pool (11) and an inner flow guide pool (12).

2. A tubular three-dimensional microchannel reactor according to claim 1, It is characterized in that An outer tube jacket (4) is provided on the outer side of the reactor outer tube (3), an outer heat exchange medium conveying member (7) is fixed on the outer tube jacket (4), and the outer heat exchange medium conveying member (7) comprises an outer heat exchange medium inlet pipe (702) and an outer heat exchange medium outlet pipe (701) fixedly connected to the outer tube jacket (4); the inner guide pool (12) and the inner guide baffle (9) exchange heat with the inner heat exchange medium through the reactor inner tube (2); and the outer guide pool (11) and the outer guide baffle (10) complete heat exchange with the outer heat exchange medium through the reactor outer tube (3).

3. A tubular three-dimensional microchannel reactor according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The inner flow guide baffle (9) and the outer flow guide baffle (10) are made of metal or non-metal material. The inner flow guide baffle (9) and the outer flow guide baffle (10) are fixed to the upper and lower ends of the three-dimensional micro-channel module (1). The inner flow guide baffle (9) and the outer flow guide baffle (10) are staggeredly installed to change the flow direction of materials in adjacent three-dimensional micro-channel modules (1).

4. A tubular three-dimensional microchannel reactor according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The inner guide pool (12) and the outer guide pool (11) are circular channels or holes and grooves provided on the guide baffle.

5. A tubular three-dimensional microchannel reactor according to claim 4, It is characterized in that An outer flow guide pool (11) and an inner flow guide pool (12) are respectively provided on both sides of the three-dimensional microchannel module (1); one end of the outer flow guide baffle (10) is fixed between the two outer flow guide pools (11); and one end of the inner flow guide baffle (9) is fixed between the two inner flow guide pools (12).

6. A tubular three-dimensional microchannel reactor according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The solid particles of the solid skeleton (101) are made of metal material or one of non-metallic materials and are in the shape of a cylinder, a disc or a cylindrical ring. The three-dimensional microchannel module (1) serves as a catalyst carrier.

7. A tubular three-dimensional microchannel reactor according to claim 6, It is characterized in that The porosity of the microchannel component (102) is 10%-80%, and the average pore size of the microchannel component (102) is 1 um to 3000 um.

8. A tubular three-dimensional microchannel reactor according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The two ends of the outer clamping sleeve (4) are respectively fixedly connected to an end plate 1 (13) and an end plate 2 (14); a feed pipe (5) is fixedly connected to the end plate 1 (13); and a feed port 1 (501) and a feed port 2 (502) are provided at both ends of the feed pipe (5); and both the feed port 1 (501) and the feed port 2 (502) are connected to the outer guide pool (11).

9. A tubular three-dimensional microchannel reactor according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The heat exchange unit is composed of two concentric tubes, an inner flow passage is formed by the inner tube inside the inner tube, and an outer flow passage is formed by the outer wall of the reaction channel and the jacket.

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