The invention relates to multifocal holographic differential confocal super-large curvature radius measuring method and device, belonging to the technical field of optical precision measurement. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, calibrating the long-focus value of a multifocal holographic lens by utilizing a differential confocal system so as to reduce the system error of measurement; realizing non-contact high-precision positioning at the cat eye position and the cofocal position of a measured piece by utilizing a differential confocal fixed-focus principle; and subsequently, realizing the high-precision measurement of a super-large curvature radius by utilizing a geometrical optics principle. The device comprises a point light source, a first spectroscope, a collimator objective, the multifocal holographic lens, the differential confocal system, an adjusting frame, a length measuring system and a moving track. The invention integrates the differential confocal high-precision fixed-focus principle and a multifocal holographic lens compression optical path principle for the first time, has the advantages of small displacement distance of the measured piece, high measurement precision, high measurement speed, strong ambient interference resistance, no damage to the measured surface and the like and can be used for the high-precision non-contact measurement of the super-large curvature radius.