Silver-based intelligent fabric with efficient antibacterial, self-cleaning and advanced electromagnetic shielding functions and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a silver-based intelligent fabric with efficient antibacterial, self-cleaning and advanced electromagnetic shielding functions and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, combining polyester, nylon and aramid fiber by using a blending process to obtain a blended fabric, then pretreating the fabric by using an alkaline substance and triethanolamine acetate quaternary ammonium salt, then reducing silver ions by using sodium citrate to obtain nano-silver particles, and finally combining the blended fabric with the nano-silver particles to obtain the silver-based intelligent fabric. Polyester, nylon and aramid fiber are used as raw materials of the blended fabric, the advantages of high strength, softness, good environment resistance, low cost and the like of the polyester, the nylon and the aramid fiber are combined, the excellent antibacterial property and electromagnetic shielding performance of silver are combined, and nano-silver particles are loaded on the surface of the fabric by adopting an impregnation method; the multifunctional fabric integrating efficient antibiosis, self-cleaning and electromagnetic shielding is obtained, the shielding performance of the multifunctional fabric can reach-60 dB or above, and the self-cleaning performance and the antibiosis performance can reach 96% or above.

Description

Technical field:

[0001] The present invention relates to the intersection of textiles and new materials, in particular to the technical field of functional textiles, and specifically to a silver-based smart fabric with high-efficiency antibacterial, self-cleaning and advanced electromagnetic shielding functions and a preparation method thereof. Background technology:

[0002] In recent years, with the improvement of living standards and the enhancement of health awareness, people's functional requirements for daily use products have continued to increase. Among the many functional requirements, antibacterial, self-cleaning and electromagnetic shielding have become hot spots in research and development. Especially in the application fields of medical, public health, personal care and electronic equipment, the demand for these functions is particularly prominent.

[0003] Traditional fabrics are prone to accumulate bacteria and stains during long-term use, which not only affects the health of users, but also reduces the service life and comfort of the fabric itself. In addition, with the popularization of electronic devices, people are increasingly concerned about the impact of electromagnetic radiation on health. Silver is widely used in the field of antibacterial and electromagnetic shielding due to its excellent antibacterial properties and electromagnetic shielding functions.

[0004] The document with application number "201410224680.5" discloses "a method for preparing antistatic, antibacterial and electromagnetic shielding protein fiber". The preparation method comprises: (1) preparing a solution of tri(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine, and adjusting the pH of the solution to 7 with a buffer salt system; (2) placing a protein fiber fabric in the above solution and shaking it at room temperature; (3) taking out the fiber fabric obtained in step (2) and washing it with distilled water; (4) preparing an aqueous solution of silver nitrate, adding ammonia water dropwise until the solution is clear, and then adding an aqueous solution of formaldehyde and stirring to obtain a silver plating solution; (5) adding the fiber fabric obtained in step (3) to the above solution and reacting it at room temperature; (6) taking out the fiber fabric, washing it, and drying it to obtain the product. The problems are: (1) The process steps are complicated and the production efficiency is low: because it relies on tri(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine as a reducing agent, the reaction time is long and requires 4 hours of shaking treatment. At the same time, the materials and chemicals used, such as formaldehyde and ammonia water, although effective, are somewhat polluting to the environment and require strict operating conditions to ensure safety and effectiveness. (2) The functions are not comprehensive: it mainly solves the problems of anti-static, antibacterial and electromagnetic shielding, but does not combine self-cleaning functions, which in actual use will reduce the maintenance cost of the fabric and extend its service life. (3) The scope of application is narrow: it only involves the treatment method of protein fibers (such as wool and silk), but cannot be used for more widely used fiber types, such as synthetic fibers, which limits the scope of application of the technology. Summary of the invention:

[0005] The present invention provides a silver-based smart fabric with high-efficiency antibacterial, self-cleaning and advanced electromagnetic shielding functions and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art of complicated process steps, low production efficiency, incomplete functions and narrow application range.

[0006] In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for preparing a silver-based smart fabric with high-efficiency antibacterial, self-cleaning and advanced electromagnetic shielding functions, the steps are as follows:

[0007] Step 1: Pretreatment of blended fabric substrate: the blended fabric substrate is made by blending three characteristic fibers of polyester, nylon and aramid through an intertwining method;

[0008] Step 2: Nano-scale Ag + Preparation of antimicrobial solution:

[0009] AgNO3 was used as the silver source and Ag was + The concentration was adjusted to 300-600ppm, sodium citrate was added, stirred for 1-1.5h until completely dissolved, polyvinyl alcohol was added and ultrasonically dispersed for 30-40min to obtain nano-sized Ag. + antibacterial solution;

[0010] Step 3: Composite process: impregnate the pretreated fabric with nano-Ag + After 30-40 minutes in the antibacterial solution, the silver particles are uniformly attached to the surface of the fabric by the dipping-extrusion method, and the extrusion pressure is 0.5-3.0 MPa;

[0011] Step 4: Curing treatment: subjecting the impregnated fabric to thermal curing treatment;

[0012] Step 5, post-treatment: the cured fabric is soaked in deionized water and then dried to obtain the silver-based antibacterial electromagnetic shielding fabric.

[0013] Furthermore, in the above step 2, the mass ratio of AgNO3, sodium citrate and polyvinyl alcohol is 1:3-4.5:1.5-2.97.

[0014] Furthermore, in the above step 2, the mass ratio of AgNO3, sodium citrate and polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 1:4.5:2.97.

[0015] Furthermore, in the above step 2, Ag + The particle size is 20-50 nanometers.

[0016] Furthermore, in the above step 3, nano-sized Ag + The temperature of the antibacterial solution is 40-50°C.

[0017] Furthermore, the process of step 3 is repeated 3-5 times.

[0018] Furthermore, in the above step 5, the curing temperature is 90-130° C., and the curing time is 30-70 min.

[0019] Furthermore, in the above step 5, the water temperature is 35-40° C., and the soaking and washing time is 10-15 minutes.

[0020] Furthermore, the silver-based smart fabric prepared by the above preparation method has high-efficiency antibacterial, self-cleaning and advanced electromagnetic shielding functions.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The present invention first uses an intertwining method to blend three characteristic fibers such as polyester, nylon, and aramid. Combining the advantages of high strength, softness, good environmental resistance, and low cost of the three, a fabric with excellent performance is obtained by blending, and the comprehensive performance of the fabric substrate is improved (strength, toughness, comfort, etc.). Then the fabric is treated with oxygen plasma, and the fiber surface is activated by oxygen plasma treatment, and a large number of oxygen-containing groups (hydroxyl, carboxyl, etc.) are introduced. These groups not only contribute to the better attachment of silver nanoparticles, but also enhance the interfacial interaction between them and the fibers, thereby improving the antibacterial and self-cleaning properties of the fabric. After that, a highly dispersed silver nanosol is prepared using a super-energy electromagnetic wave dispersion method, and a silver-oxygen bond (Ag-O) and high conductivity of silver nanoparticles are constructed between oxygen and silver by a two-step method of impregnation-thermal curing, which significantly improves the electromagnetic shielding function of the fabric. The silver particles not only form a continuous conductive path on the fiber surface, but also effectively block the interference of external electromagnetic radiation through their electromagnetic shielding mechanism. The present invention covers the integration of high-efficiency antibacterial, self-cleaning and electromagnetic shielding technologies, realizes high dispersion and long-term loading of nano-silver particles on the fiber surface, and further enhances the long-term antibacterial, self-cleaning and electromagnetic shielding properties of multifunctional fabrics. The shielding performance of the material of the present invention can reach above -60dB, and the self-cleaning performance and antibacterial property can reach above 96%, which can effectively improve the multifunctionality and intelligence level of textiles and is suitable for multiple fields such as medical treatment, military, protection and daily life.

[0023] 2. During fabric pretreatment, warm water washing and hot air drying are used, thereby improving the cleanliness and activity of the fabric fiber surface, providing a better attachment basis for the subsequent nanosilver loading; in the nanosilver loading, nano-scale anions are used, which are easier to be evenly distributed and attached on the fiber surface than directly using silver particle loading. In the preparation process, sodium citrate is used as a stabilizer and complexing agent to prevent excessive aggregation of nanosilver particles, and polyvinyl alcohol is added as an adhesive and protective agent to enhance the adhesion and washability of silver nanoparticles on the fiber surface. The product of the present invention not only includes antibacterial and electromagnetic shielding functions, but also adds a self-cleaning function, realizing the multifunctional integration of a single fabric. This comprehensive performance improvement makes the fabric have higher practicality and durability in various environments, meeting the diverse needs of medical, military, protection and daily life. Nanosilver materials are used to achieve high-efficiency antibacterial through specific composite technology. This method can quickly kill bacteria and maintain a stable antibacterial effect during long-term use.

[0024] 3. The present invention ensures that sufficient silver ions are present on the fiber by adjusting the amount of silver nanoparticles added, which not only provides a strong antibacterial effect, because silver ions can destroy bacterial cell membranes and block their life activities, but also ensures the photocatalytic performance of silver particles, which helps to exert the self-cleaning function. The immersion-extrusion method is adopted, and the steps are repeated many times to ensure that the silver nanoparticles are evenly and fully attached to the fabric fibers. The appropriate immersion time, extrusion pressure and final thermal curing treatment are selected to firmly combine the silver particles with the fabric fibers, thereby improving their durability and functionality. Therefore, the cleaning frequency and intensity of the fabric are greatly reduced, the service life of the fabric is extended, and the user's comfort is significantly improved, the maintenance cost and time are reduced, and it is suitable for long-term use in daily life and special environments.

[0025] 4. Good electromagnetic radiation protection effect: The present invention constructs silver-oxygen bonds (Ag-O). This method utilizes the efficient combination of a large number of oxygen-containing groups on the fiber surface after oxygen plasma treatment with silver particles, which not only increases the stability of silver nanoparticles on the fiber, but also effectively improves its electromagnetic shielding efficiency. Therefore, the excellent electromagnetic shielding ability provided by the fabric of the present invention provides additional health protection for users who frequently use electronic devices, reduces the potential harm of electromagnetic radiation to the human body, and enhances safety. It is particularly suitable for office environments and home use with dense electronic devices.

[0026] 4. Wide application scope: The present invention is applicable to a variety of fiber materials, including protein fibers (such as wool and silk), synthetic fibers, and especially blended fabrics composed of polyester, nylon and aramid. The method is simple and effective, and can be widely used in the fields of medical treatment, personal clothing, and electronic equipment protection, and has application potential in a wider range of textile fields. Description of the drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 It is the preparation process of silver-based antibacterial self-cleaning and electromagnetic shielding functional fabrics;

[0028] Figure 2 is the path of the electromagnetic wave passing through the shielding fabric and the SEM image of Example 4;

[0029] Figure 3 is the electromagnetic shielding performance of the silver-based fabric of Example 4;

[0030] Figure 4 The antibacterial properties of the silver-based fabrics of Examples 1-4. Specific implementation method:

[0031] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by specific examples and drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only used to help understand the present invention and should not be regarded as specific limitations of the present invention.

[0032] The present invention proposes a specific implementation method of a silver-based antibacterial self-cleaning and electromagnetic shielding functional fabric, and its design idea is: first, polyester, nylon or aramid fabric is used as a substrate, the fabric is pretreated, and then the fabric is immersed in a sol containing nano silver particles. Then, the silver particles are firmly combined with the fabric fibers through heat curing treatment, and finally post-treatment is performed to remove the residue.

[0033] Example 1, a method for preparing a silver-based smart fabric with high-efficiency antibacterial, self-cleaning and advanced electromagnetic shielding functions, such as Figure 1 The specific steps are as follows:

[0034] Step 1, pretreatment of the blended fabric substrate to improve the adhesion effect of silver particles: a blended fabric substrate was constructed by weft knitting, with 40% polyester, 30% nylon, and 30% aramid, and the fabric was alkali-treated with 1.5% NaOH solution (30 min), washed 3 times with deionized water to remove the alkaline substance, and then the blended fabric was immersed in 0.5% H2O2 for 45 min to remove pigments and stains, and H2O2 residues were removed with deionized water. Finally, the fabric substrate was softened with triethanolamine acetate quaternary ammonium salt (2%) (30°C, 40 min).

[0035] Step 2: Nano-scale Ag + Preparation of antibacterial solution: 1g AgNO3 was used as the silver source, and Ag was dispersed in deionized water. + The concentration was adjusted to 300 ppm, 3 g of sodium citrate (reducing agent) was added to the AgNO3 solution, stirred for 1 h until completely dissolved, and then 1.5 g of polyvinyl alcohol was added and ultrasonically dispersed for 30 min to improve the stability of the nanosilver particles to obtain nano-scale Ag.+ Antibacterial solution. + The particle size is 20-30 nanometers.

[0036] Step 3: Composite process: The blended fabric obtained by pretreatment in step 1 is impregnated with the nano-scale Ag prepared in step 2. + The fabric was immersed in the antibacterial solution for 30 min (40 °C) to enhance the penetration and activity of the solution, and then the residual solvent in the fabric was physically squeezed out using a squeeze roller, and the pressure was adjusted to 0.5 MPa to achieve uniform treatment in the subsequent curing step. The dipping-squeezing step was repeated 3 times.

[0037] Step 4: Curing treatment: Place the impregnated fabric in a heat setting machine for heat curing treatment, adjust the temperature to 130° C. and cure for 40 minutes to enhance the loading of nano-Ag particles on the fabric fibers and obtain a silver-based antibacterial blended fabric.

[0038] Step 5, post-treatment: soak the silver-based antibacterial blended fabric obtained in step 4 in deionized water at 35°C for 10 minutes to remove unreacted chemicals and unloaded silver particles to ensure the comfort and performance of the fabric, and then dry it at 80°C for 2 hours to obtain the silver-based antibacterial electromagnetic shielding fabric.

[0039] Example 2, a method for preparing a silver-based smart fabric with high-efficiency antibacterial, self-cleaning and advanced electromagnetic shielding functions, the steps are as follows:

[0040] Step 1: Use weft knitting to construct a blended fabric base, with 40% polyester, 20% nylon, and 40% aramid. Use 1.5% NaOH solution to treat the fabric with alkali (30 min), wash it with deionized water 5 times to remove the alkaline substance, and then immerse the blended fabric in 0.5% H2O2 for 45 min to remove pigments and stains. Use deionized water to remove H2O2 residues, and finally use triethanolamine acetate quaternary ammonium salt (2%) to soften the fabric base (30°C, 40 min).

[0041] Step 2: Nano-scale Ag + Preparation of antibacterial solution: 1 g AgNO3 was used as the silver source and Ag was + The concentration was adjusted to 400 ppm, 3.5 g of sodium citrate (reducing agent) was added, and stirred for 1.5 h until completely dissolved, and then 1.65 g of polyvinyl alcohol was added and ultrasonically dispersed for 40 min to improve the stability of the nanosilver particles.

[0042] Step 3: The blended fabric obtained by pretreatment in step 1 is impregnated with the Ag prepared in step 2. +The fabric was immersed in the antibacterial solution for 30 min (50 °C) to enhance the penetration and activity of the solution, and then the residual solvent in the fabric was physically squeezed out using a squeeze roller, and the pressure was adjusted to 0.77 MPa to achieve uniform treatment in the subsequent curing step. The dipping-squeezing step was repeated 4 times.

[0043] Step 4: Place the impregnated fabric in a heat setting machine, adjust the temperature to 90° C. and cure for 70 minutes to enhance the loading of nano-Ag particles on the fabric fibers.

[0044] Step 5: Soak the silver-based antibacterial blended fabric obtained in step 4 in deionized water at 40° C. for 15 minutes to remove unreacted chemicals and unloaded silver particles, and then dry at 80° C. for 2 hours to obtain the silver-based antibacterial electromagnetic shielding fabric.

[0045] Example 3, a method for preparing a silver-based smart fabric with high-efficiency antibacterial, self-cleaning and advanced electromagnetic shielding functions, the steps are as follows:

[0046] Step 1: Use weft knitting to construct a blended fabric base, with 30% polyester, 20% nylon, and 50% aramid. Use 1.5% NaOH solution to treat the fabric with alkali (30 minutes), wash it with deionized water 3 to 5 times to remove the alkaline substance, and then immerse the blended fabric in 0.5% H2O2 for 45 minutes to remove pigments and stains. Use deionized water to remove H2O2 residues, and finally use triethanolamine acetate quaternary ammonium salt (2%) to soften the fabric base (30°C, 40 minutes).

[0047] Step 2: Nano-scale Ag + Preparation of antibacterial solution: 1g AgNO3 was used as the silver source, and Ag + The concentration was adjusted to 500 ppm, 4.0 g of sodium citrate (reducing agent) was added, and stirred for 1 h until completely dissolved, and then 1.82 g of polyvinyl alcohol was added and ultrasonically dispersed for 30 min to improve the stability of the nanosilver particles.

[0048] Step 3: The blended fabric obtained by pretreatment in step 1 is impregnated with the Ag prepared in step 2. + The fabric was immersed in the antibacterial solution for 30 min (40 °C) to enhance the penetration and activity of the solution, and then the residual solvent in the fabric was physically squeezed out using a squeeze roller, and the pressure was adjusted to 1.5 MPa to achieve uniform treatment in the subsequent curing step. The dipping-squeezing step was repeated 5 times.

[0049] Step 4: Place the impregnated fabric in a heat setting machine, adjust the temperature to 130° C. and cure for 40 minutes to enhance the loading of nano-Ag particles on the fabric fibers.

[0050] Step 5: Soak the silver-based antibacterial blended fabric obtained in step 4 in deionized water at 35° C. for 10 min to remove unreacted chemicals and unloaded silver particles, and then dry at 80° C. for 2 h to obtain the silver-based antibacterial electromagnetic shielding fabric.

[0051] Example 4, a method for preparing a silver-based smart fabric with high-efficiency antibacterial, self-cleaning and advanced electromagnetic shielding functions, the steps are as follows:

[0052] Step 1: Use weft knitting to construct a blended fabric base, with 20% polyester, 20% nylon, and 60% aramid, use 1.5% NaOH solution to alkali treat the fabric (30 minutes), use deionized water to wash 3 to 5 times to remove the alkaline substance, then immerse the blended fabric in 0.5% H2O2 for 45 minutes to remove pigments and stains, use deionized water to remove H2O2 residues, and finally use triethanolamine acetate quaternary ammonium salt (2%) to soften the fabric base (30°C, 40 minutes).

[0053] Step 2: Nano-scale Ag + Preparation of antibacterial solution: 1g AgNO3 was used as the silver source, and Ag + The concentration was adjusted to 600 ppm, 4.5 g of sodium citrate (reducing agent) was added, and stirred for 1 h until completely dissolved, and then 2.97 g of polyvinyl alcohol was added and ultrasonically dispersed for 30 min to improve the stability of the nanosilver particles.

[0054] Step 3: The blended fabric obtained by pretreatment in step 1 is impregnated with the Ag prepared in step 2. + The fabric was immersed in the antibacterial solution for 30 min (40 °C) to enhance the penetration and activity of the solution, and then the residual solvent in the fabric was physically squeezed out using a squeeze roller, and the pressure was adjusted to 2.7 MPa to achieve uniform treatment in the subsequent curing step. The dipping-squeezing step was repeated 3 times.

[0055] Step 4: Place the impregnated fabric in a heat setting machine, adjust the temperature to 130° C. and cure for 40 minutes to enhance the loading of nano-Ag particles on the fabric fibers.

[0056] Step 5: Soak the silver-based antibacterial blended fabric obtained in step 4 in deionized water at 35° C. for 10 min to remove unreacted chemicals and unloaded silver particles, and then dry at 80° C. for 2 h to obtain the silver-based antibacterial electromagnetic shielding fabric.

[0057] Figure 1 This is a preparation flow chart of silver-based antibacterial electromagnetic shielding fabric. The overall process can be divided into 6 steps, namely pretreatment, preparation of nanosilver dispersion, nanosilver loading, curing, washing, and drying.

[0058] Figure 2 The electromagnetic wave shielding mechanism diagram and SEM image of the silver-based antibacterial electromagnetic shielding fabric indicate that the nanosilver particles have been evenly loaded on the surface of the fabric fibers.

[0059] Figure 3 The electromagnetic wave shielding performance of the silver-based antibacterial electromagnetic shielding fabric is as high as >60dB in the frequency range of 8 to 13Hz.

[0060] Figure 4 This is the antibacterial performance result diagram of silver-based antibacterial electromagnetic shielding fabric. It can be seen that with the increase of nanosilver content and the change of co-spinning process, the number of Escherichia coli in the culture dish decreases sharply, indicating that the adhesion of silver elements will greatly enhance the antibacterial properties of the fabric.

[0061] from Figure 3 and Figure 4 It can be seen that embodiment 4 is the best embodiment.

[0062] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a silver-based smart fabric with high-efficiency antibacterial, self-cleaning and advanced electromagnetic shielding functions, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Pretreatment of blended fabric substrate: the blended fabric substrate is made by blending three characteristic fibers of polyester, nylon and aramid through an intertwining method; Step 2: Nano-scale Ag + Preparation of antimicrobial solution: AgNO3 was used as the silver source and Ag was + The concentration was adjusted to 300-600ppm, sodium citrate was added, stirred for 1-1.5h until completely dissolved, polyvinyl alcohol was added and ultrasonically dispersed for 30-40min to obtain nano-sized Ag. + antibacterial solution; Step 3: Composite process: impregnate the pretreated fabric with nano-Ag + After 30-40 min in the antibacterial solution, the silver particles were uniformly attached to the fabric surface by the dipping-extrusion method, with an extrusion pressure of 0.5-3.0 MPa; Step 4: Curing treatment: subjecting the impregnated fabric to thermal curing treatment; Step 5, post-treatment: the cured fabric is soaked in deionized water and then dried to obtain the silver-based antibacterial electromagnetic shielding fabric.

2. The method for preparing a silver-based smart fabric with high-efficiency antibacterial, self-cleaning and advanced electromagnetic shielding functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, AgNO 3、 The mass ratio of sodium citrate to polyvinyl alcohol is 1:3-4.5:1.5-2.

97.

3. The method for preparing a silver-based smart fabric with high-efficiency antibacterial, self-cleaning and advanced electromagnetic shielding functions according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step 2, AgNO 3、 The mass ratio of sodium citrate to polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 1:4.5:2.

97.

4. The method for preparing a silver-based smart fabric with high-efficiency antibacterial, self-cleaning and advanced electromagnetic shielding functions according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: In the step 2, Ag + The particle size is 20-50 nanometers.

5. The method for preparing a silver-based smart fabric with high-efficiency antibacterial, self-cleaning and advanced electromagnetic shielding functions according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step 3, nano-sized Ag + The temperature of the antibacterial solution is 40-50°C.

6. The method for preparing a silver-based smart fabric with high-efficiency antibacterial, self-cleaning and advanced electromagnetic shielding functions according to claim 5, characterized in that: The process of step 3 is repeated 3-5 times.

7. The method for preparing a silver-based smart fabric with high-efficiency antibacterial, self-cleaning and advanced electromagnetic shielding functions according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step 5, the curing temperature is 90-130° C. and the curing time is 30-70 min.

8. The method for preparing a silver-based smart fabric with high-efficiency antibacterial, self-cleaning and advanced electromagnetic shielding functions according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 5, the water temperature is 35-40° C., and the soaking and washing time is 10-15 min.

9. The silver-based smart fabric with high-efficiency antibacterial, self-cleaning and advanced electromagnetic shielding functions obtained by the preparation method according to claim 1.

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