A high-precision inner enclosure plate suspension type counter-bracing formwork device

Abstract

This invention provides a high-precision suspended reverse support formwork device for inner enclosure panels, belonging to the field of building construction technology. It includes: a suspended reverse support system, a preloading system, and a fine-tuning system. The suspended reverse support system consists of a hanger rod, a base plate, double channel steel, an I-beam, a nut, a steel beam under the space frame, and the formwork. The hanger rod passes through the base plate and connects to the steel beam under the space frame. The lower end of the hanger rod passes through the double channel steel and is fixed by a nut. An I-beam is installed below the double channel steel, and the formwork is installed at the lower end of the I-beam. The preloading system consists of a nut, a hanger rod, a lifting ring, a lifting rope, a weight, and a base plate. The hanger rod of the preloading system is fixed to the double channel steel of the suspended reverse support system by the base plate and the nut. A lifting ring is welded to the lower end of the hanger rod, and the lifting ring is connected to the weight by the lifting rope. The fine-tuning system consists of a hanger rod, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) plate, a visual adjustment shim, an adjustment nut, and a safety nut. This invention solves the problem of accurately controlling the formwork elevation in existing technologies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building construction technology, and specifically relates to a suspended reverse support formwork device for high-precision inner enclosure panels. Background Technology

[0002] In civil engineering construction, temporary supports are needed to control the elevation of horizontal load-bearing components during construction. Common methods include scaffolding erection, Bailey beam + scaffolding combinations, and scaffolding + composite slab combinations. Scaffolding is the most convenient and widely used method. The Bailey beam + scaffolding combination is an optimization of scaffolding in specific fields (such as bridge construction), while scaffolding + composite slabs are mainly used for horizontal component construction where assembly rates are required. However, for large-span, high-ceiling structures, scaffolding erection and dismantling take a long time, and erecting a full-span scaffold is the most expensive option. The Bailey beam + scaffolding combination significantly reduces the scaffolding volume compared to traditional full-span scaffolding, and while it reduces installation and dismantling time compared to traditional full-span scaffolding, the cost is not significantly different. Therefore, an innovative formwork support system is proposed for the construction of large-span, high-precision horizontal components, which can effectively improve construction efficiency and reduce costs, showing great application potential.

[0003] For the construction of large-span, high-precision internal cladding panels combined with space frames, common methods include erecting full-span scaffolding or combining Bailey beams with full-span scaffolding, and then using preloading to eliminate plastic deformation of the support frame, main and secondary joists, and formwork assembly. However, while these methods can eliminate deformation of the support frame, main and secondary joists, and formwork assembly, the connection between the internal cladding panel and the steel space frame means that during the construction of the internal cladding panel, the space frame is subjected to additional forces applied during the construction of the internal cladding panel. Under the condition of erecting the support frame, the deformation cannot be fully reflected to achieve the final adjustment. After the support system is removed, the space frame cannot achieve the high-precision formwork elevation requirements due to the discrepancy between theoretical analysis and actual conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a suspended counter-support formwork device for high-precision inner enclosure panels, which can solve the problem of the difficulty in accurately controlling the formwork elevation in the prior art.

[0005] This invention is implemented as follows:

[0006] This invention provides a high-precision suspended counter-support formwork device for inner enclosure panels, comprising: a suspended counter-support system, a preloading system, and a fine-tuning system; the suspended counter-support system consists of a hanger rod, a pad plate, double channel steel, an I-beam, a nut, a steel beam under the space frame, and a formwork; the hanger rod passes through the pad plate and connects to the steel beam under the space frame, the lower end of the hanger rod passes through the double channel steel and is fixed by a nut, an I-beam is set below the double channel steel, and the formwork is installed at the lower end of the I-beam; the preloading system consists of a nut, a hanger rod, a lifting ring, a lifting rope, a weight, and a pad plate; the hanger rod of the preloading system is fixed to the double channel steel of the suspended counter-support system by the pad plate and the nut, a lifting ring is welded to the lower end of the hanger rod, and the lifting ring is connected to the weight by the lifting rope; the fine-tuning system consists of a hanger rod, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) plate, a visual adjustment shim, an adjusting nut, and a safety nut; the hanger rod of the fine-tuning system passes through the visual adjustment shim, a PTFE plate is set below the visual adjustment shim, and the adjusting nut and safety nut are installed at the upper end of the hanger rod.

[0007] Based on the above technical solution, the suspended counter-support template device for high-precision inner enclosure panels of the present invention can be further improved as follows:

[0008] The template elevation adjustment amount and the deformation amount of the support system satisfy the following relationship:

[0009] Δh=k1ΔL+k2ΔF+k3ΔT+ε;

[0010] In the formula, Δh is the template elevation adjustment amount, in mm; ΔL is the deformation amount of the support system members, in mm; ΔF is the deformation amount caused by the load, in mm; ΔT is the deformation amount caused by temperature, in mm; k1, k2, and k3 are influence coefficients; and ε is the error term, with a value range of ±0.5 mm.

[0011] The suspension rods of the suspension counter-support system are made of Q345B steel, and the surface of the rods is treated with anti-corrosion coating. The spacing between the rods meets the following relationship:

[0012]

[0013] In the formula, S is the distance between the hangers, in mm; E is the elastic modulus of the material, in MPa; and i is the moment of inertia of the section, in mm. 4 ; q is the uniformly distributed load, in N / mm; σ is the actual stress, in MPa; [σ] is the allowable stress, in MPa.

[0014] The preloading system employs a detachable connection structure, and the weight is a container filled with fluid. The weight of the weight satisfies the following relationship:

[0015] W = ρV(1 + αΔt)(1 + βh);

[0016] In the formula, W is the weight of the object, in N; ρ is the fluid density, in kg / m³. 3 V represents the volume of the container, in meters (m³). 3 α is the temperature influence coefficient, ranging from 0.001 to 0.003; Δt is the temperature change value, in °C; β is the height influence coefficient, ranging from 0.0001 to 0.0003; h is the construction height, in meters.

[0017] The shim scale in the fine-tuning system satisfies the following relationship:

[0018] δ=P / (n·θ);

[0019] In the formula, δ represents the height represented by each scale mark in mm; P represents the pitch in mm; n represents the number of scale marks per revolution; and θ represents the rotation angle in °.

[0020] The thickness of the polytetrafluoroethylene sheet satisfies the following relationship:

[0021]

[0022] In the formula, T is the thickness of the polytetrafluoroethylene sheet, in mm; f s The safety factor ranges from 1.2 to 1.5; d is the horizontal displacement in mm; E is the elastic modulus in MPa; and [σ] is the allowable stress in MPa.

[0023] The double channel steel is made of national standard No. 10 channel steel, and the surface of the channel steel is treated with anti-rust. The channel steel is fixedly connected to the I-beam by high-strength bolts.

[0024] 8. The suspended counter-support formwork equipment for high-precision inner enclosure panels according to claim 1, characterized in that the I-beam is made of pine wood treated with anti-corrosion, the width of the I-beam is 150mm and the height is 200mm, and the I-beam is fixedly connected to the formwork by self-tapping screws.

[0025] The template is made of film-coated plywood with a thickness of 18mm. The template surface is coated with a release agent, and the templates are connected by tongue and groove joints. The lifting rings of the preloading system are forged from No. 45 steel, the inner wall of the lifting rings is polished, and the lifting rings and lifting rods are connected by full welding.

[0026] The visual adjustment shim is made of high-strength aluminum alloy, and the surface of the shim is engraved with scale lines and numerical markings. The center diameter of the shim matches the outer diameter of the rod.

[0027] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of the suspended counter-support template device for high-precision inner cladding panels provided by this invention are:

[0028] 1. Precise control of formwork elevation. The suspension and counter-support system precisely suspends the formwork from the space frame using hangers, and utilizes double-channel steel and I-beams for support, effectively controlling formwork deformation. The preloading system preloads the suspension system before pouring concrete to compensate for formwork deformation, ensuring the formwork always maintains the designed height. The fine-tuning system uses visual adjustment shims and PTFE sheets to precisely adjust the formwork elevation, achieving a control accuracy of ±0.5mm, meeting the high-standard requirements for inner cladding panel dimensions.

[0029] 2. Improved construction efficiency. This equipment uses a suspended support system, eliminating the need for numerous column supports, significantly reducing the space required on the construction site, and simplifying the installation and dismantling of formwork. The preloading system employs a detachable connection structure, facilitating adjustment and disassembly during construction, further improving construction efficiency. The entire support system has a reasonable structure, is simple to install, and is flexible to operate, making it suitable for various internal enclosure panel construction scenarios.

[0030] 3. Safety Considerations: The materials and connection methods of each component of this equipment have been rigorously designed to ensure the stability and reliability of the entire support system. The suspended counter-support system is made of high-strength steel and has undergone anti-corrosion treatment, ensuring excellent durability. The preloading system uses containers filled with fluid to facilitate unloading during construction. The fine-tuning system is equipped with adjusting nuts and safety nuts to ensure the stability of template elevation adjustments. Overall, this equipment meets high precision requirements while also fully considering construction safety.

[0031] In summary, the high-precision inner enclosure panel suspension-type counter-support formwork device proposed in this invention can accurately control the formwork elevation, improve construction efficiency, and ensure safety, thus effectively solving the problem of the difficulty in accurately controlling the formwork elevation in existing technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This invention provides a structural schematic diagram of a suspended counter-support template device for a high-precision inner enclosure panel;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the suspension and counter-support system of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the preloading system of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fine-tuning system of the present invention;

[0036] The meanings of the various reference numerals in the attached drawings are as follows: 1. Suspension counter-support system; 2. Preloading system; 3. Fine-tuning system; 1-1. Suspension counter-support system rod; 1-2. Suspension counter-support system pad; 1-3. Double channel steel; 1-4. I-beam; 1-5. Suspension counter-support system nut; 1-6. Steel beam under the space frame; 1-7. Template; 2-1. Preloading system nut; 2-2. Preloading system rod; 2-3. Lifting ring; 2-4. Lifting rope; 2-5. Weight; 2-6. Preloading system pad; 3-1. Fine-tuning system rod; 3-2. PTFE plate; 3-3. Visual adjustment shim; 3-4. Adjusting nut; 3-5. Safety nut. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] This invention provides a high-precision suspended counter-support template device for inner enclosure panels, characterized in that it comprises: a suspended counter-support system 1, a preloading system 2, and a fine-tuning system 3; the suspended counter-support system 1 consists of a hanger 1-1, a pad 1-2, a double channel steel 1-3, an I-beam 1-4, a nut 1-5, a lower steel beam 1-6 of the space frame, and a template 1-7; the hanger 1-1 passes through the pad 1-2 and connects to the lower steel beam 1-6 of the space frame, the lower end of the hanger 1-1 passes through the double channel steel 1-3 and is fixed by the nut 1-5, the I-beam 1-4 is set below the double channel steel 1-3, and the template 1-7 is installed at the lower end of the I-beam 1-4; the preloading system 2 consists of a nut 2-1, a hanger 2-2, a lifting ring 2- 3. The system consists of a suspension rope 2-4, a weight 2-5, and a pad 2-6. The suspension rod 2-2 of the preloading system 2 is fixed to the double channel steel 1-3 of the suspension counter-support system 1 by the pad 2-6 and the nut 2-1. The lower end of the suspension rod 2-2 is welded with a lifting ring 2-3, and the lifting ring 2-3 is connected to the weight 2-5 by the suspension rope 2-4. The fine-tuning system 3 consists of a suspension rod 3-1, a polytetrafluoroethylene plate 3-2, a visual adjustment shim 3-3, an adjustment nut 3-4, and a safety nut 3-5. The suspension rod 3-1 of the fine-tuning system 3 passes through the visual adjustment shim 3-3. The polytetrafluoroethylene plate 3-2 is set below the visual adjustment shim 3-3. The adjustment nut 3-4 and the safety nut 3-5 are installed on the suspension rod 3-1.

[0039] The following provides a detailed description of the design and implementation of each system:

[0040] (I) Design and Implementation of Suspension Counter-Support System 1: The suspension counter-support system 1 is the core component of this equipment, mainly composed of hanger 1-1, pad 1-2, double channel steel 1-3, I-beam 1-4, nut 1-5, lower steel beam 1-6 of the space frame, and template 1-7. The main function of this system is to suspend the template 1-7 on the lower steel beam 1-6 of the space frame through the hanger 1-1, and to use the double channel steel 1-3 and I-beam 1-4 to support the template, ensuring the high precision of the inner enclosure panel.

[0041] 1. Design of the hanger 1-1:

[0042] The hanger rod 1-1 is made of Q345B steel and undergoes anti-corrosion treatment. The spacing S of the hanger rods 1-1 must meet the following relationship:

[0043]

[0044] In the formula, S is the distance between the hangers, in mm; E is the elastic modulus of the material, in MPa; and I is the moment of inertia of the section, in mm. 4 ; q is the uniformly distributed load, in N / mm; σ is the actual stress, in MPa; [σ] is the allowable stress, in MPa.

[0045] In Equation 1, E and I are the geometrical parameters of the materials and components, which can be determined according to the actual situation; q is the self-weight of the formwork and the load of concrete, which can be reasonably estimated through engineering experience; σ and [σ] must meet the structural safety requirements, and generally [σ] = 0.6σ is taken. y , where σ y Let S be the yield strength of the steel. The appropriate spacing S between the hangers can be calculated using Equation 1 to meet the requirements of load-bearing capacity and deformation control.

[0046] 2. Design of double channel steel 1-3 and I-beam timber 1-4:

[0047] The double channel steel 1-3 is made of national standard No. 10 channel steel with rust-proof treatment. The channel steel is fixedly connected to the I-beam 1-4 with high-strength bolts. The I-beam 1-4 is made of anti-corrosion treated pine wood, with a width of 150mm and a height of 200mm, and is fixedly connected to the template 1-7 with self-tapping screws.

[0048] 3. Design of Templates 1-7:

[0049] Templates 1-7 are made of 18mm thick film-coated plywood, with a release agent applied to the surface. The templates are connected using tongue and groove joints. This ensures a smooth and flat template surface, facilitating concrete demolding, while the tongue and groove joints also improve the overall rigidity of the templates.

[0050] (II) Design and Implementation of Preloading System 2: The function of preloading system 2 is to preload the suspended counter-support system 1 before pouring concrete to compensate for formwork deformation and ensure the accuracy of formwork elevation. Preloading system 2 consists of nut 2-1, hanger 2-2, lifting ring 2-3, lifting rope 2-4, weight 2-5, and pad 2-6.

[0051] 1. Design of weights 2-5:

[0052] For weights 2-5, which are in containers filled with fluid, the weight W must satisfy the following relationship:

[0053] W = ρV(1 + αΔt)(1 + βh);

[0054] In the formula, W is the weight of the object, in N; ρ is the fluid density, in kg / m³. 3 V represents the volume of the container, in meters (m³). 3 α is the temperature influence coefficient, ranging from 0.001 to 0.003; Δt is the temperature change value, in °C; β is the height influence coefficient, ranging from 0.0001 to 0.0003; h is the construction height, in meters.

[0055] In Equation 2, ρ and V are fluid parameters, which can be determined according to actual conditions; α and β are empirical coefficients, taking values ​​within the recommended range mentioned above; Δt and h are engineering environmental parameters, which can be obtained through on-site measurement. Equation 2 can be used to calculate a suitable weight W to compensate for the deformation of the suspended counter-support system 1 during concrete pouring.

[0056] 2. Connection design of preloaded system 2:

[0057] The preloading system 2 adopts a detachable connection structure, which facilitates adjustment and disassembly during construction. The lifting ring 2-3 is forged from No. 45 steel, and the inner wall is polished. It is fully welded to the lifting rod 2-2. The lifting rod 2-2 of the preloading system 2 is fixed to the double channel steel 1-3 of the suspension counter-support system 1 by the pad 2-6 and the nut 2-1.

[0058] (III) Design and Implementation of Fine-tuning System 3: The function of fine-tuning system 3 is to achieve precise control of the elevation of template 1-7 through adjustment, ensuring the high precision of the inner cladding panel. Fine-tuning system 3 consists of hanger 3-1, polytetrafluoroethylene plate 3-2, visual adjustment shim 3-3, adjusting nut 3-4, and safety nut 3-5.

[0059] 1. Design of the visual adjustment shim 3-3:

[0060] The visual adjustment shim 3-3 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy. The shim surface is engraved with scale lines and numerical markings, and its center hole diameter matches the outer diameter of the hanger 3-1. The shim scale meets the following relationship:

[0061] δ=P / (n·θ);

[0062] In the formula, δ represents the height represented by each scale mark in mm; P represents the pitch in mm; n represents the number of scale marks per revolution; and θ represents the rotation angle in °.

[0063] In Equation 3, P, n, and θ are the design parameters of the visual adjustment shim 3-3, which can be determined according to actual needs. Equation 3 allows calculation of the height δ represented by each scale mark, thus achieving precise control of the template elevation.

[0064] 2. Design of PTFE sheet 3-2:

[0065] The function of the PTFE plate 3-2 is to provide sliding support for the fine-tuning system 3, reducing frictional resistance during adjustment. The thickness T of the PTFE plate 3-2 must satisfy the following relationship:

[0066]

[0067] In the formula, T is the thickness of the polytetrafluoroethylene sheet, in mm; f s The safety factor ranges from 1.2 to 1.5; d is the horizontal displacement in mm; E is the elastic modulus in MPa; and [σ] is the allowable stress in MPa.

[0068] In Equation 4, f s For safety, values ​​within the recommended range are used; d is the expected horizontal displacement, which can be reasonably estimated based on engineering experience; E and [σ] are material parameters, which can be obtained by referring to relevant material performance standards. The appropriate thickness T of the polytetrafluoroethylene plate 3-2 can be calculated using Equation 4.

[0069] 3. Design of adjusting nut 3-4 and safety nut 3-5:

[0070] Adjusting nut 3-4 and safety nut 3-5 are installed at the upper end of the lifting rod 3-1, and together with the visual adjusting shim 3-3, they enable precise adjustment of the template elevation. Adjusting nut 3-4 is used for coarse adjustment, and safety nut 3-5 is used for fixing to ensure the stability of the adjustment structure.

[0071] 4. The following relationship exists between the template elevation adjustment and the deformation of the support system:

[0072] Δh=k1ΔL+k2ΔF+k3ΔT+ε;

[0073] In the formula, Δh is the template elevation adjustment amount, in mm; ΔL is the deformation amount of the support system members, in mm; ΔF is the deformation amount caused by the load, in mm; ΔT is the deformation amount caused by temperature, in mm; k1, k2, and k3 are influence coefficients; and ε is the error term, with a value range of ±0.5 mm.

[0074] In summary, this high-precision inner cladding panel suspension-type counter-support formwork equipment, through the coordinated operation of the suspension counter-support system 1, the preloading system 2, and the fine-tuning system 3, can effectively control the formwork elevation and ensure the high precision of the inner cladding panel. Specifically, the suspension counter-support system 1 provides the main support, the preloading system 2 achieves pre-compensation for deformation, and the fine-tuning system 3 precisely adjusts the formwork elevation. The three systems work in harmony to ensure the high precision requirements of the inner cladding panel construction.

[0075] The following provides a specific embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0076] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a suspended counter-support template device for a high-precision inner cladding panel provided by the present invention, including a suspended counter-support system 1, a preloading system 2, and a fine-tuning system 3.

[0077] like Figure 2 As shown, the suspended counter-support system 1 consists of hanger 1-1, pad 1-2, double channel steel 1-3, I-beam 1-4, nut 1-5, lower steel beam 1-6 of the space frame, and formwork 1-7. The spacing of the hanger, double channel steel, and I-beam is adjusted and verified according to the actual needs of the project. The entire suspended counter-support system is suspended from the lower steel beam 1-6 of the space frame by the hanger 1-1 passing under the double channel steel 1-3. The double channel steel 1-3 and the lower steel beam 1-6 of the space frame are fixed to the hanger 1-1 by the pad 1-2 and nut 1-5.

[0078] like Figure 3 As shown, the preloading system 2 consists of a nut 2-1, a boom 2-2, a lifting ring 2-3, a lifting rope 2-4, a weight 2-5, and a pad 2-6. The weight is a fluid contained in a container, which facilitates unloading during concrete pouring. The boom 2-2 of the preloading system is suspended on the double channel steel 1-3 of the suspension counter-support system 1. The boom 2-2 is connected to the lifting ring 2-3. One end of the lifting rope 2-4 is attached to the lifting ring 2-3, and the other end is attached to the weight 2-5.

[0079] like Figure 4 As shown, the fine-tuning system 3 consists of a boom 3-1, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) plate 3-2, a visual adjusting shim 3-3, an adjusting nut 3-4, and a safety nut 3-5. From bottom to top, the fine-tuning system 3 comprises a boom 3-1, a visual adjusting shim 3-3, a PTFE plate 3-2, an adjusting nut 3-4, and a safety nut 3-5.

[0080] Specifically, during installation, the double channel steel 1-3 is arranged and connected to the lower steel beam 1-6 of the space frame via the hanger rod 1-1. The I-beam 1-4 is arranged and connected to the formwork 1-7. The inner cladding steel reinforcement is installed. The hanger rod of the preloading system 2 is hung on the double channel steel 1-3 of the suspended counter-support system 1 and fixed by the pad 2-6 and nut 2-1. The lifting ring 2-3 is welded on the hanger rod 2-2. The weight 2-5 is suspended from the lifting ring 2-3 by the lifting rope 2-4. The fine adjustment system 3 is installed at the same time as the suspended counter-support system 1. The visual adjustment shim 3-3 and the polytetrafluoroethylene plate 3-2 are installed on the pad 1-2 of the lower steel beam 1-6 of the space frame of the suspended counter-support system 1. The adjusting nut 3-4 and the safety nut 3-5 are also installed.

[0081] After the above installation work is completed, the accuracy of the suspension counter-support system 1 is adjusted to the design requirements by adjusting the adjusting nut 3-4 of the fine-tuning system 3 in combination with the visual adjusting shim 3-3. When pouring concrete, the preloading system 2 is unloaded at the same load as the concrete. When the concrete is poured, the preloading system 2 is completely removed to ensure the accuracy of the inner surface of the inner enclosure panel.

[0082] The following provides several specific application scenarios of the present invention.

[0083] Example 2: Construction of interior cladding panels for a high-rise residential building. A high-rise residential building project is located in a bustling city center, with a total construction area of ​​52,000 square meters, 34 floors above ground and 3 floors underground. This project has high requirements for both interior decoration quality and construction progress, especially the geometric dimensional accuracy of the interior cladding panels must be controlled within ±2mm.

[0084] To meet this requirement, the construction team adopted the high-precision inner enclosure panel suspension-type counter-support formwork equipment proposed in this invention. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0085] 1. Installation of Suspension Counter-Bearing System 1

[0086] First, double-channel steel 1-3, made of Q345B steel and treated with anti-corrosion, is arranged on the lower steel beam 1-6 of the space frame. According to Equation 1, the spacing S of the hangers 1-1 in this project is 800mm, meeting the requirements for structural safety and deformation control. The hangers 1-1 pass through the pad 1-2 and connect to the lower steel beam 1-6 of the space frame. The pad 1-2 and nuts 1-5 fix the double-channel steel 1-3.

[0087] Below the double channel steel 1-3, I-beams 1-4 are arranged, made of anti-corrosion pine wood, with a width of 150mm and a height of 200mm. I-beams 1-4 are fixedly connected to template 1-7 with self-tapping screws. Template 1-7 is made of 18mm thick film-coated plywood, with a release agent applied to the surface, and uses tongue and groove joints.

[0088] Through the above method, a complete suspension counter-support system 1 is formed, which can reliably support the inner enclosure panel template.

[0089] 2. Installation of Preloaded System 2

[0090] On the double-channel steel 1-3 of the suspension counter-support system 1, the suspension rod 2-2 of the preload system 2 is fixed by the pad 2-6 and nut 2-1. According to Equation 2, and considering the specific circumstances of this project, the load 2-5 is a container filled with water, with a weight W of 18kN. A lifting ring 2-3 is welded to the lower end of the suspension rod 2-2. The inner wall of the lifting ring 2-3 is polished and fully welded to the suspension rod 2-2. One end of the lifting rope 2-4 is hung on the lifting ring 2-3, and the other end is hung on the load 2-5.

[0091] By installing the preloading system 2, the suspended counter-support system 1 can be preloaded before pouring concrete, laying the foundation for subsequent formwork elevation adjustment.

[0092] 3. Installation of Fine-tuning System 3

[0093] The fine-tuning system 3 is installed on the steel beam 1-6 pad 1-2 under the space frame of the suspended counter-support system 1. Based on the actual conditions of this project, the visual adjustment shim 3-3 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy, and the scale on the shim surface meets Equation 3: 30 graduations per circle, each graduation representing a height change δ = 0.1 mm. The thickness T of the polytetrafluoroethylene plate 3-2 is calculated to be 8 mm according to Equation 4, capable of withstanding the expected horizontal displacement. The adjusting nut 3-4 and the safety nut 3-5 are installed on the upper end of the suspension rod 3-1, working in conjunction with the visual adjustment shim 3-3 to achieve precise control of the template elevation.

[0094] Through the coordinated installation of the above three subsystems, the high-precision inner enclosure panel suspension type reverse support template equipment of the present invention is formed.

[0095] 4. Adjustment and control during construction.

[0096] After completing the above installation work, first adjust the elevation of template 1-7 to the design elevation using the fine-tuning system 3. Specifically, by observing the scale lines on the visual adjustment shim 3-3 and using the adjusting nut 3-4 to make fine adjustments until the template elevation meets the accuracy requirement of ±0.5mm.

[0097] Then, the inner cladding steel reinforcement is tied. During this process, the elevation of the fine-tuning system 3 needs to be adjusted appropriately to ensure the precise position of the steel reinforcement. After the steel reinforcement is tied, the preloading system 2 is activated, and the suspended counter-support system 1 is preloaded with weights 2-5 to compensate for the deformation of the formwork during concrete pouring.

[0098] During the concrete pouring process, workers continuously observe the scale changes on the visual adjustment shims 3-3 and adjust the adjustment nuts 3-4 as needed to ensure that the formwork elevation always meets the accuracy requirements. After the concrete pouring is completed, the preloading system 2 is completely removed to ensure the final accuracy of the inner surface of the inner cladding panel.

[0099] Through the above-mentioned precise adjustments and controls, the elevation of the inner enclosure panel formwork of this project was controlled within ±1mm, which met the project owner's requirements for high precision and created favorable conditions for subsequent interior decoration construction.

[0100] This embodiment fully demonstrates the application value of the present invention in high-rise residential building projects. Through the coordinated operation of the suspension anti-support system 1, the preloading system 2, and the fine-tuning system 3, precise control of the elevation of the inner enclosure panel formwork is achieved, significantly improving construction quality and efficiency.

[0101] Example 3: Construction of basement retaining panels. A large commercial complex is located in the city center, with a 9-story podium and 5 basement levels. Due to site constraints, the construction space for the basement retaining panels is very narrow, and the internal structure is complex, placing higher demands on the precision of the formwork support and construction efficiency.

[0102] To address this challenge, the construction team adopted the high-precision inner enclosure panel suspension-type counter-support formwork equipment proposed in this invention. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0103] 1. System layout under space constraints

[0104] Due to the limited space and complex internal structure of the basement, traditional column support methods could not be used. After careful construction organization design, it was decided to arrange the various subsystems of this invention as close as possible to the inner cladding panel to save construction space.

[0105] First, double-channel steel 1-3, made of No. 10 national standard channel steel and treated with rust prevention, is arranged on the steel beams 1-6 under the space frame around the inner enclosure panel. According to Formula 1, the spacing S of the hangers 1-1 in this project is 600mm to meet the requirements of load-bearing capacity and deformation control. The hangers 1-1 directly pass through the pad 1-2 and are connected to the steel beams 1-6 under the space frame. The double-channel steel 1-3 is fixed to the I-beams 1-4 with high-strength bolts.

[0106] I-beams 1-4 are made of anti-corrosion pine wood, 150mm wide and 200mm high, and are connected to formwork 1-7 with self-tapping screws. Formwork 1-7 is made of 18mm thick film-coated plywood, with a release agent applied to the surface, and is connected using tongue and groove joints.

[0107] This suspended counter-support system 1 not only meets the load-bearing and deformation control requirements of the inner enclosure panel, but also significantly reduces the space occupied, which is suitable for the narrow construction environment of the basement.

[0108] 2. Optimized design of preloading system 2

[0109] Considering the limited space in the basement, the layout of the preloading system 2 also needs to be optimized. Combined with system 2, the weight 2-5 is a 240L container filled with fluid, with a weight W of 16kN. To reduce space occupation, the hanger 2-2 and the hanger 1-1 of the suspension counter-support system 1 are made of the same rod and are fixed by a pad 2-6 and a nut 2-1. The lifting ring 2-3 is forged from 45# steel, with a polished inner wall, and is fully welded to the hanger 2-2.

[0110] Through the above-mentioned optimized design, the preloading system 2 can make full use of the existing space, minimize additional occupation, and meet the characteristics of basement construction.

[0111] 3. Precise control of fine-tuning system 3

[0112] The fine-tuning system 3 is still installed on the steel beam 1-6 and pad 1-2 under the space frame of the suspended counter-support system 1. The visual adjustment shim 3-3 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy, and the scale on the shim surface meets Equation 3: 40 graduations per circle, each graduation representing a height change δ = 0.05 mm. The thickness T of the polytetrafluoroethylene plate 3-2 is calculated to be 6 mm according to Equation 4. The adjusting nut 3-4 and the safety nut 3-5 are installed on the upper end of the suspension rod 3-1 to achieve fine adjustment of the template elevation.

[0113] Through the above-mentioned optimized design, the fine-tuning system 3 can provide more precise control of the template elevation in the narrow basement space, meeting the project's stringent requirements for the geometric dimensions of the inner enclosure panels.

[0114] 4. Adjustment and control during construction.

[0115] After completing the installation of the above system, first adjust the elevation of template 1-7 to the design elevation using the fine-tuning system 3. Specifically, observe the scale lines on the visual adjustment shim 3-3 and make fine adjustments with the adjusting nut 3-4 until the template elevation meets the accuracy requirement of ±0.3mm.

[0116] Next, the inner cladding steel reinforcement is tied. During this process, the elevation of the fine-tuning system 3 needs to be adjusted appropriately to ensure the precise position of the reinforcement. After the reinforcement is tied, the preloading system 2 is activated, and the suspended counter-support system 1 is preloaded with weights 2-5 to compensate for the deformation of the formwork during concrete pouring.

[0117] During the concrete pouring process, workers constantly observe the changes in the scale on the visual adjustment shims 3-3 and adjust the adjustment nuts 3-4 as needed to ensure that the formwork elevation always meets the accuracy requirements. After the concrete pouring is completed, the preloading system 2 is quickly removed to ensure the final accuracy of the inner surface of the inner cladding panel.

[0118] Through the above-mentioned precise adjustments and controls, the elevation of the inner enclosure panel formwork of this project was controlled within ±0.5mm, far exceeding the industry standard, and fully meeting the stringent requirements of basement interior decoration.

[0119] This embodiment demonstrates the application value of the present invention in the construction of retaining panels in basements. In a confined space, by optimizing the system layout, the various subsystems of the present invention work in coordination, achieving not only precise control of the formwork elevation but also significantly improving construction efficiency.

[0120] Example 4: Construction of Irregularly Shaped Interior Enclosure Panels. A frame-shear wall structure office building project has a total construction area of ​​35,000 square meters, with 12 floors above ground and 2 floors below ground. A key feature of this project is the presence of numerous complex irregularly shaped components in the interior enclosure panels, which places higher demands on the precision and flexibility of the formwork support.

[0121] To address this challenge, the construction team adopted the high-precision inner enclosure panel suspension-type counter-support formwork equipment proposed in this invention. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0122] 1. Design of supports for irregularly shaped components

[0123] Due to the presence of numerous complex irregularly shaped components in the inner enclosure panel, the arrangement of the suspended counter-support system 1 needs to be more flexible. Firstly, the spacing of the steel beams 1-6 hanging under the space frame is rationally arranged according to the location of the components to meet the support requirements of each irregularly shaped component as much as possible. According to Equation 1, the spacing S of the hangers 1-1 in this project is 700mm.

[0124] The arrangement of the double channel steel 1-3 has also been adjusted accordingly, adopting a detachable installation to easily adapt to the support requirements of irregularly shaped components. The I-beam 1-4 is customized according to the specific shape of the template 1-7 to ensure a flat template surface. Template 1-7 uses 18mm thick film-coated plywood, connected by tongue and groove joints, and the surface is coated with a release agent.

[0125] The above design fully considers the characteristics of irregular components, enabling the suspension counter-support system 1 to flexibly cope with various complex components, laying the foundation for subsequent precise adjustment.

[0126] 2. Optimized design of preloading system 2

[0127] In response to the large number of irregularly shaped components in this project, the design of the preloading system 2 was optimized accordingly. According to Equation 2, the weight 2-5 is a 280L container filled with fluid, with a weight W of 17kN. To improve flexibility, the lifting rod 2-2 of the preloading system 2 is detachable, allowing for adjustment based on the component's position. Simultaneously, the lifting ring 2-3 is forged from 45# steel with a polished inner wall and is bolted to the lifting rod 2-2 for easy disassembly.

[0128] The above-mentioned optimized design enables the preloading system 2 to adapt to the support requirements of various irregular components at any time, creating conditions for subsequent template elevation adjustment.

[0129] 3. Fine-tuning system 3's precise control

[0130] The fine-tuning system 3 is still installed on the steel beam 1-6 and pad 1-2 under the space frame of the suspended counter-support system 1. The visual adjustment shim 3-3 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy, and the scale on the shim surface meets Equation 3: 50 graduations per circle, each graduation representing a height change δ = 0.02 mm. The thickness T of the polytetrafluoroethylene plate 3-2 is calculated to be 4 mm according to Equation 4. The adjusting nut 3-4 and the safety nut 3-5 are installed on the upper end of the suspension rod 3-1 to achieve fine adjustment of the template elevation.

[0131] The above design further improves the accuracy and flexibility of the fine-tuning system 3, which can meet the precise control requirements of the irregular inner enclosure panel of the project.

[0132] 4. Adjustment and control during construction.

[0133] After completing the installation of the above system, the elevation of each irregular template 1-7 is first adjusted to the design elevation using the fine-tuning system 3. Specifically, observe the scale lines on the visual adjustment shim 3-3 and make fine adjustments with the adjusting nut 3-4 until the elevation of each component template meets the accuracy requirement of ±0.2mm.

[0134] Next, the inner cladding steel reinforcement is tied. During this process, the elevation of the fine-tuning system 3 needs to be adjusted appropriately to ensure the accurate positioning of the steel reinforcement in each irregularly shaped component. After the steel reinforcement is tied, the preloading system 2 is activated, and the suspended counter-support system 1 is preloaded with weights 2-5 to compensate for the deformation of the formwork during concrete pouring.

[0135] During the concrete pouring process, workers constantly observe the scale changes on the visual adjustment shims 3-3 and adjust the adjustment nuts 3-4 as needed to ensure that the elevation of each component template always meets the accuracy requirements. After the concrete pouring is completed, the preloading system 2 is quickly removed to ensure the final accuracy of the inner surface of the inner cladding panel.

[0136] Through the above-mentioned precise adjustments and controls, the elevation of the inner enclosure panel formwork of this project was controlled within ±0.3mm, which significantly exceeded the industry standard and laid a solid foundation for the interior decoration quality of complex frame-shear structure projects.

[0137] This embodiment demonstrates the application value of the present invention in the construction of irregularly shaped inner cladding panels. Through the optimized design of the suspension counter-support system 1, the preloading system 2, and the fine-tuning system 3, precise control of the formwork elevation of complex irregularly shaped components is achieved, significantly improving construction efficiency and quality.

[0138] Specifically, the principle of this invention is:

[0139] 1. Function of Suspension Counter-support System 1: The suspension counter-support system 1 is the main part of this equipment. It suspends the formwork 1-7 from the lower steel beam 1-6 of the space frame via hangers 1-1, and provides support using double-channel steel 1-3 and I-beams 1-4. The spacing S of the hangers 1-1 satisfies Equation 1, ensuring that the stress in the hangers does not exceed the allowable stress under the design load, thus avoiding excessive deformation. The dimensions and connection method of the double-channel steel 1-3 and I-beams 1-4 have also been structurally verified to ensure stable support of the formwork. In this way, the suspension counter-support system 1 constitutes a reliable formwork support system, laying the foundation for subsequent preloading and fine-tuning.

[0140] 2. Function of Preloading System 2: The function of preloading system 2 is to preload the suspended counter-support system 1 before pouring concrete to compensate for the deformation of the formwork under concrete load. It suspends the weight 2-5 from the suspension rod 2-2 via rope 2-4, utilizing the weight's own weight to generate the preloading force. The weight 2-5 is a container filled with fluid, and its weight W satisfies Equation 2, allowing for weight adjustment according to actual needs and facilitating rapid unloading during concrete pouring. Preloading system 2 and suspended counter-support system 1 are detachably connected, facilitating adjustment and removal during construction.

[0141] 3. Function of Fine-tuning System 3: Fine-tuning System 3 is the core of this equipment, achieving precise control of the template elevation through adjustment. The visual adjustment shim 3-3 has graduations that satisfy Equation 3, allowing for a clear display of the height change during each adjustment. The PTFE plate 3-2 reduces frictional resistance during adjustment; its thickness T satisfies Equation 4, ensuring it can withstand horizontal displacement without damage. The adjusting nut 3-4 and safety nut 3-5, in conjunction with the visual adjustment shim 3-3, achieve precise control of the template elevation.

[0142] In summary, the equipment of this invention provides reliable formwork support through the suspension counter-support system 1, the preloading system 2 compensates for formwork deformation, and the fine-tuning system 3 precisely adjusts the elevation. These three systems work in coordination to form a highly integrated inner cladding support system. This design not only effectively controls the accuracy of the formwork elevation, meeting the requirements of modern construction engineering, but also greatly simplifies the construction process.

[0143] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A suspended counter-support formwork device for high-precision inner enclosure panels, characterized in that... The system includes: a suspension counter-support system, a preloading system, and a fine-tuning system. The suspension counter-support system consists of a hanger rod, a pad, double channel steel, an I-beam, a nut, a steel beam under the space frame, and a template. The hanger rod passes through the pad and connects to the steel beam under the space frame. The lower end of the hanger rod passes through the double channel steel and is fixed by a nut. An I-beam is installed below the double channel steel, and a template is installed at the lower end of the I-beam. The preloading system consists of a nut, a hanger rod, a lifting ring, a lifting rope, a weight, and a pad. The hanger rod of the preloading system is fixed to the double channel steel of the suspension counter-support system by the pad and the nut. A lifting ring is welded to the lower end of the hanger rod, and the lifting ring is connected to the weight by the lifting rope. The fine-tuning system consists of a hanger rod, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) plate, a visual adjustment shim, an adjusting nut, and a safety nut. The hanger rod of the fine-tuning system passes through the visual adjustment shim, and a PTFE plate is installed below the visual adjustment shim. The adjusting nut and the safety nut are installed at the upper end of the hanger rod.

2. The suspended counter-support formwork equipment for a high-precision inner enclosure panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The template elevation adjustment amount and the deformation amount of the support system satisfy the following relationship: Δh=k1ΔL+k2ΔF+k3ΔT+ε; In the formula, Δh is the template elevation adjustment amount, in mm; ΔL is the deformation amount of the support system members, in mm; ΔF is the deformation amount caused by the load, in mm; ΔT is the deformation amount caused by temperature, in mm; k1, k2, k3 are influence coefficients; ε is the error term, with a value range of ±0.5mm.

3. The suspended counter-support template equipment for high-precision inner enclosure panels according to claim 2, characterized in that... The suspension rods of the aforementioned anti-corrosion support system are made of Q345B steel, and the surface of the rods is treated with anti-corrosion coating. The spacing between the rods satisfies the following relationship: In the formula, S is the distance between the hangers, in mm; E is the elastic modulus of the material, in MPa; and I is the moment of inertia of the section, in mm. 4 ; q is the uniformly distributed load, in N / mm; σ is the actual stress, in MPa; [σ] is the allowable stress, in MPa.

4. The suspended counter-support template equipment for high-precision inner enclosure panels according to claim 3, characterized in that... The preloading system adopts a detachable connection structure, and the weight is a container filled with fluid. The weight of the weight satisfies the following relationship: W = ρV(1 + αΔt)(1 + βh); In the formula, W is the weight of the object, in N; ρ is the fluid density, in kg / m³. 3 V represents the volume of the container, in meters (m³). 3 α is the temperature influence coefficient, ranging from 0.001 to 0.003; Δt is the temperature change value, in °C; β is the height influence coefficient, ranging from 0.0001 to 0.0003; h is the construction height, in meters.

5. The suspended counter-support template equipment for high-precision inner enclosure panels according to claim 4, characterized in that... The shim scale in the fine-tuning system satisfies the following relationship: δ=P / (n·θ); In the formula, δ represents the height represented by each scale mark in mm; P represents the pitch in mm; n represents the number of scale marks per revolution; and θ represents the rotation angle in °.

6. The suspended counter-support template equipment for high-precision inner enclosure panels according to claim 5, characterized in that... The thickness of the polytetrafluoroethylene sheet satisfies the following relationship: In the formula, T is the thickness of the polytetrafluoroethylene sheet, in mm; f s The safety factor ranges from 1.2 to 1.5; d is the horizontal displacement in mm; E is the elastic modulus in MPa; and [σ] is the allowable stress in MPa.

7. The suspended counter-support template equipment for high-precision inner enclosure panels according to claim 1, characterized in that... The double channel steel is made of national standard No. 10 channel steel, and the surface of the channel steel is treated with anti-rust. The channel steel is fixedly connected to the I-beam by high-strength bolts.

8. The suspended counter-support template equipment for high-precision inner enclosure panels according to claim 1, characterized in that... The I-beams are made of pine wood that has been treated with anti-corrosion. The width of the I-beams is 150mm and the height is 200mm. The I-beams are fixedly connected to the template with self-tapping screws.

9. The suspended counter-support template equipment for high-precision inner enclosure panels according to claim 1, characterized in that... The template is made of film-coated plywood with a thickness of 18mm. The template surface is coated with a release agent, and the templates are connected by tongue and groove joints. The lifting rings of the preloading system are forged from No. 45 steel, and the inner wall of the lifting rings is polished. The lifting rings and the lifting rods are connected by full welding.

10. The suspended counter-support template equipment for high-precision inner enclosure panels according to claim 1, characterized in that... The visual adjustment shim is made of high-strength aluminum alloy material. The shim surface is engraved with scale lines and numerical markings, and the center hole diameter of the shim matches the outer diameter of the hanger rod.

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