Goose column type strike-slip fracture formation and development simulation experiment device and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a goose column type strike-slip fracture formation and development simulation experiment device and a use method thereof.The goose column type strike-slip fracture formation and development simulation experiment device comprises a test board, a test sand box is fixedly connected to the top of the test board, a working box is fixedly connected to the middle end of the bottom of the outer surface of the test board, and a first motor is fixedly installed at the top of an inner cavity of the working box; and a rotating shaft is fixedly mounted at the output end of the first motor. Through the arrangement of the test board, a sand body model needing to be tested can be supported, and through the arrangement of a second motor, a second screw rod, an adjusting frame, an adjusting sleeve and a gear ring, power transmission among a first motor, a rotating shaft and a third gear sleeve can be achieved; meanwhile, through the arrangement of a first motor, a rotating shaft, an adjusting sleeve, a gear ring, a third gear sleeve, a first circular gear, a third transverse plate, a first gear plate and a second testing plate, the sand body model can be extruded, and transverse shearing force is generated, so that the sand body model can generate corresponding goose row type strike-slip fracture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of geological movement experiments, and in particular to an en echelon strike-slip fault formation and development simulation experimental device and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] En echelon strike-slip faults are a specific geological tectonic phenomenon. It is a distribution pattern of strike-slip faults, in which several nearly parallel faults are staggered obliquely to form en echelon faults. This structural form is an important part of the strike-slip fault system. The staggered arrangement of adjacent faults can be divided into right-column or left-column en echelon faults. The main sliding direction of en echelon strike-slip faults is horizontal. Therefore, the secondary structures generated in the process of geometric adjustment will develop through vertical displacement. The main adjustment methods are conversion compression and conversion tension. En echelon strike-slip The formation of faults is related to the secondary compressive stress derived from strike-slip shear action, and when strike-slip faults are combined into an en-echelon pattern or the strike-slip fault plane turns along its strike, a special compatibility effect will occur when relative strike-slip movement occurs along the main section. At present, simulation experiments on faults are usually carried out using sand boxes. During use, sand boxes can only be used to simulate normal faults and reverse faults, but cannot be used to perform corresponding simulation experiments and research on en-echelon strike-slip faults. This leads to a lack of experimental data in the fault simulation experiment, which affects the accuracy of the simulation experiment. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide an en echelon strike-slip fault formation and development simulation experimental device and a use method thereof.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an en echelon strike-slip fault formation and development simulation experimental device, comprising a test bench, a test sand box is fixedly connected to the top of the test bench, a working box is fixedly connected to the middle end of the bottom of the outer surface of the test bench, a first motor is fixedly installed on the top of the inner cavity of the working box, a rotating shaft is fixedly installed on the output end of the first motor, an adjusting sleeve is movably connected between the lower end of the rotating shaft and the middle end of the bottom of the working box, a gear ring is fixedly connected to the upper end of the outer surface of the adjusting sleeve, a second motor is fixedly installed on the lower end of the front surface of the working box, a second screw is fixedly installed on the output end of the second motor, the top of the second screw is movably connected to the bottom of the test bench through a bearing, the lower end of the second screw is threadedly connected to an adjusting frame, the bottom of the adjusting sleeve is movably connected to the lower end of the adjusting frame through a bearing, a third horizontal plate, a second horizontal plate and a first horizontal plate are fixedly installed in sequence at the middle end of the inner cavity of the working box from top to bottom, the surface of the first horizontal plate is movably connected to the first gear sleeve through a bearing, the surface of the second horizontal plate is movably connected to the second gear sleeve through a bearing, the surface of the third horizontal plate is movably connected to the shaft The bearing is movably connected with a third gear sleeve, and a first circular gear is fixedly installed at the lower end of the outer surface of the third gear sleeve. Both sides of the first circular gear are meshed with first tooth plates, and the surface of the first tooth plate is movably connected to the surface of the working box. Both sides of the first tooth plate are fixedly connected with a mobile frame, and the upper end of the mobile frame is fixedly connected with a second test plate, and the bottom of the second test plate is movably connected to the top of the test bench. A support frame is fixedly connected between the two ends of the top of the test bench, and a pin hole is opened at the upper end of the back of the support frame. The middle end of the support frame is movably connected with an adjustment box, and the upper end of the adjustment box is movably connected with a first screw sleeve through a bearing, and a second synchronous wheel is fixedly installed at the middle end of the first screw sleeve. The inner cavity of the first screw sleeve is threadedly connected with a first screw rod, and a scanner is fixedly installed on the front surface of the first screw rod. The lower end of the back of the adjustment box is movably connected with a first rotating sleeve through a bearing, and a first synchronous wheel is fixedly installed on the surface of the first rotating sleeve. A first synchronous belt is transmission-connected between the middle end of the first synchronous wheel and the middle end of the second synchronous wheel, and a pin shaft is movably connected between the inner cavity of the rotating sleeve and the surface of the pin hole.

[0005] As a preferred solution, a third test plate is movably connected between the two ends of the top of the test bench and the two sides of the inner cavity of the test sand box, and the two ends of the test bench are fixedly connected to a fixed box, the upper end of the fixed box is movably connected with a second screw sleeve through a bearing, and the middle end of the second screw sleeve is fixedly installed with a fourth synchronous wheel, the inner cavity of the second screw sleeve is threadedly connected with a third screw, and the surface of the third screw is fixedly connected to the middle end of the third test plate, the lower ends of both sides of the working box are movably connected with a transverse shaft through a bearing, and the surface of the transverse shaft is movably connected to the lower end of the fixed box through a bearing, and the third synchronous wheel is fixedly installed on the side where the two transverse shafts are away from each other, and a second synchronous belt is transmission-connected between the middle end of the third synchronous wheel and the middle end of the fourth synchronous wheel, and a second bevel gear is fixedly installed on the side where the two transverse shafts are close to each other, and a first bevel gear is fixedly installed on the lower end of the first gear sleeve, and the first bevel gear is meshed with the second bevel gear.

[0006] As a preferred solution, a second circular gear is fixedly installed on the lower end of the second gear sleeve, a second circular gear is meshed with a second tooth plate on the front surface of the second circular gear, the surface of the second tooth plate is movably connected to the surface of the working box, both sides of the second tooth plate are fixedly connected to guide seats, both ends of the bottom of the guide seat are movably connected to guide cross bars, and the surface of the guide cross bar is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the working box.

[0007] As a preferred solution, the middle end of the test bench is movably connected to a first test plate, the number of the first test plates is two, the middle end of the bottom of the first test plate is fixedly connected to a vertical pole, the bottom of the vertical pole is movably connected to a guide wheel through a bearing, the lower end of the vertical pole is movably connected to a U-shaped frame, the top of the U-shaped frame is fixedly connected to the bottom of the test bench, and a second spring is fixedly connected between both ends of the inner cavity of the U-shaped frame and the two ends of the bottom of the first test plate.

[0008] As a preferred solution, both ends of the second test plate are fixedly connected to limit rods, and the surface of the limit rods is movably connected to the surface of the test sand box.

[0009] As a preferred solution, support columns are fixedly connected around the bottom of the test bench, and a support base plate is fixedly connected between the bottoms of two of the support columns.

[0010] As a preferred solution, a guide groove is provided at the middle end of the rotating shaft, a guide block is fixedly connected to the upper end of the inner cavity of the adjusting sleeve, and the surface of the guide block is movably connected to the surface of the guide groove.

[0011] As a preferred solution, the upper ends of both sides of the outer surface of the adjustment box are movably connected with guide slide bars, and the front surfaces of the guide slide bars are fixedly mounted on the back side of the scanner.

[0012] As a preferred solution, the number of the pin holes is ten, and the distance between two adjacent pin holes is equal, both ends of the front surface of the first synchronous wheel are fixedly connected with first springs, a fixed plate is fixedly connected between the front surface of the first spring and the surface of the pin shaft, both ends of the fixed plate are movably connected with guide rods, and the back side of the guide rod is fixedly connected to the front surface of the first synchronous wheel.

[0013] As a preferred solution, a method for using an en echelon strike-slip fault formation and development simulation experimental device comprises the following steps:

[0014] A. First, place the sand body model prefabricated according to the test terrain on the top of the test bench and between the four sets of second test plates;

[0015] B. Secondly, the second motor is started to drive the second screw to rotate. The second screw can drive the adjustment frame and the adjustment sleeve to move upward along the surface of the second screw and the rotating shaft respectively. The movement of the adjustment sleeve can drive the gear ring to move. Under the action of the movement of the gear ring, the gear ring can mesh with and separate from the first gear sleeve and the second gear sleeve in turn until the gear ring can mesh with the third gear sleeve;

[0016] C. Then, the first motor is started to drive the rotating shaft to rotate. The rotation of the rotating shaft can drive the adjusting sleeve and the gear ring to rotate, and can drive the third gear sleeve and the first circular gear to rotate along the bearing on the third horizontal plate. Under the action of the rotation of the first circular gear, the two groups of first tooth plates can be driven to move in different directions. The movement of the first tooth plate can drive the second test plate to move through the moving frame, so that the second test plate can squeeze the sand body model under the action of the movement and generate a lateral shear force, so that the sand body model can produce corresponding en echelon strike-slip faults;

[0017] D. Subsequently, by manipulating the pin shaft to rotate, the rotating sleeve and the first synchronous wheel can be driven to rotate along the bearing on the adjustment box. The rotation of the first synchronous wheel can drive the second synchronous wheel and the first screw sleeve to rotate through the first synchronous belt. While the first screw sleeve rotates, it can drive the first screw rod and the scanner to adjust the position in the front and rear directions. At the same time, by pulling the pin shaft, it moves along the inner cavity of the rotating sleeve until the surface of the pin shaft can be separated from the surface of the pin hole, and the limit between the adjustment box and the support frame can be released. Then, the personnel can push the adjustment box, the first screw sleeve, the first screw rod and the scanner to adjust the position in the left and right horizontal directions until the scanner can be above the en-echelon strike-slip fault, so that the personnel can use the scanner to record the morphology of the en-echelon strike-slip fault generated on the surface of the sand body model, and can transmit it to the data processing computer for data extraction and experimental analysis of the experimental results.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. The present invention can support the sand body model to be tested through the setting of the test bench, and can realize the power transmission between the first motor, the rotating shaft and the third gear sleeve through the setting of the second motor, the second screw, the adjustment frame, the adjustment sleeve and the gear ring. At the same time, through the setting of the first motor, the rotating shaft, the adjustment sleeve, the gear ring, the third gear sleeve, the first circular gear, the third cross plate, the first gear plate and the second test plate, the sand body model can be squeezed and a lateral shear force can be generated, so that the sand body model can produce corresponding en-echelon strike-slip fractures. At the same time, through the setting of the pin shaft, the rotating sleeve, the first synchronous wheel, the adjustment box, the second synchronous wheel, the first screw sleeve, the first screw, the pin hole and the support frame, it is convenient for personnel to adjust the working position of the scanner according to the formation position of the en-echelon strike-slip fracture, so that personnel can use the scanner to record the morphology of the en-echelon strike-slip fractures generated on the surface of the sand body model, and can transmit it to the data processing computer for data extraction and experimental analysis of the experimental results.

[0020] 2. The present invention is provided with a first transverse plate, a first gear sleeve, a first bevel gear, a second bevel gear, a transverse shaft, a third synchronous wheel, a fixed box, a second synchronous belt, a fourth synchronous wheel, a second screw sleeve, a third screw and a third test plate. When a reverse fault test is required on the sand body model, the adjusting frame, the adjusting sleeve and the gear ring are driven to move upward under the drive of the second motor and the second screw until the gear ring can mesh with the first gear sleeve. Then, the rotating shaft, the adjusting sleeve, the gear ring, the first gear sleeve and the first bevel gear are driven to rotate under the drive of the first motor. The rotation of the first bevel gear can drive the second bevel gear, the transverse shaft and the third synchronous wheel to rotate, and the fourth synchronous wheel and the second screw sleeve are driven to rotate through the second synchronous belt. Under the action of the rotation of the second screw sleeve, the two groups of third screws and the third test plate can be driven to move toward a side close to each other, so that the third test plate is laterally extruded on the sand body model under the action of movement, and the sand body model produces a corresponding normal fault under the action of the lateral extrusion, so that it is convenient for personnel to observe and study the morphology produced by the normal fault.

[0021] 3. The present invention is provided with a first test plate, a U-shaped frame, a vertical pole, a guide wheel, a second spring, a guide seat, a second tooth plate, a second circular gear, a second gear sleeve and a second cross plate. When a normal fault test is required for the sand body model, the second motor and the second screw drive the adjusting frame, the adjusting sleeve and the gear ring to move upward until the gear ring can be disengaged from the first gear sleeve and meshed with the second gear sleeve. Then, the first motor drives the rotating shaft, the adjusting sleeve, the gear ring, the second gear sleeve and the second circular gear to rotate. When the second circular gear rotates, the second tooth plate and the two groups of guide seats can be driven to move. Under the action of the movement of the guide seat, the second tooth plate can contact the bottom of a group of guide wheels and push the guide wheel, the vertical pole and the first test plate to move upward through the inclined surface. When the first test plate moves, the second spring in the U-shaped frame can be stretched. At the same time, under the action of the movement of the first test plate, one side of the sand body model can be lifted, and the sand body model can produce a corresponding reverse fault, thereby facilitating personnel to observe and study the morphology produced by the reverse fault.

[0022] 4. The present invention achieves the purpose of limiting and guiding the second test plate by setting the limit rod, thereby preventing the second test plate from tilting during movement; achieves the purpose of supporting the bottom of the test bench by setting the support column and the support base plate; achieves the purpose of guiding the rotating shaft and the adjusting sleeve by setting the guide groove and the guide block, thereby ensuring that the rotating shaft and the adjusting sleeve can rotate synchronously; achieves the purpose of guiding the scanner by setting the guide slide rod, thereby preventing the scanner from tilting during movement; achieves the purpose of guiding and supporting the first synchronous wheel and the pin shaft by setting the first spring, the fixed plate and the guide rod, thereby ensuring that the first synchronous wheel and the pin shaft can rotate synchronously; and at the same time, corresponding pressure can be applied to the first spring during the movement of the pin shaft, thereby facilitating the subsequent movement and resetting of the pin shaft. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a stereogram of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the right side of the regulating box of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the right side of the rotating sleeve of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the test bench of the present invention when viewed from above;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a bottom view of the structure of the working box of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a front cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a fixing box of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the right side of the working box of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a front cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the working box of the present invention;

[0031] Fig. 9 This is a bottom view of the structure of the first tooth plate of the present invention;

[0032] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the right side of the rotating shaft of the present invention;

[0033] Fig.11 This is a graph showing the experimental changes in the crack zone of yellow quartz sand of the present invention;

[0034] Fig.12 This is a statistical diagram of the stratum thickness and fault zone width data of the present invention.

[0035] In the figure: 1, test bench; 2, test sand box; 3, support frame; 4, first test board; 5, second test board; 6, adjustment box; 7, guide slide bar; 8, scanner; 9, third test board; 10, mobile frame; 11, limit rod; 12, support column; 13, fixed box; 14, rotating sleeve; 15, pin shaft; 16, first synchronous belt; 17, first synchronous wheel; 18, first screw sleeve; 19, first screw rod; 20, second synchronous wheel; 21, first spring; 22, guide rod; 23, fixed plate; 24, pin hole; 25, U-shaped frame; 26, vertical rod; 27, second screw; 28, horizontal axis; 29, working box; 30, guide cross bar; 31 , guide wheel; 32, guide seat; 33, first tooth plate; 34, second spring; 35, adjustment sleeve; 36, adjustment frame; 37, third synchronous wheel; 38, second synchronous belt; 39, fourth synchronous wheel; 40, second screw sleeve; 41, third screw rod; 42, first motor; 43, second motor; 44, first horizontal plate; 45, rotating shaft; 46, second horizontal plate; 47, third horizontal plate; 48, first gear sleeve; 49, gear ring; 50, first bevel gear; 51, second bevel gear; 52, second gear sleeve; 53, third gear sleeve; 54, second circular gear; 55, first circular gear; 56, second tooth plate; 57, guide block; 58, guide groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] See also Figure 1-10 A simulation experimental device for the formation and development of an en echelon strike-slip fault comprises a test bench 1, a test sand box 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the test bench 1, a working box 29 is fixedly connected to the middle end of the bottom of the outer surface of the test bench 1, a first motor 42 is fixedly installed on the top of the inner cavity of the working box 29, a rotating shaft 45 is fixedly installed on the output end of the first motor 42, an adjusting sleeve 35 is movably connected between the lower end of the rotating shaft 45 and the middle end of the bottom of the working box 29, a gear ring 49 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the outer surface of the adjusting sleeve 35, a second motor 43 is fixedly installed on the lower end of the front surface of the working box 29, and the output end of the second motor 43 A second screw 27 is fixedly installed, the top of the second screw 27 is movably connected to the bottom of the test bench 1 through a bearing, the lower end of the second screw 27 is threadedly connected to an adjusting frame 36, the bottom of the adjusting sleeve 35 is movably connected to the lower end of the adjusting frame 36 through a bearing, and the middle end of the inner cavity of the working box 29 is fixedly installed with a third transverse plate 47, a second transverse plate 46 and a first transverse plate 44 from top to bottom in sequence, the surface of the first transverse plate 44 is movably connected to a first gear sleeve 48 through a bearing, the surface of the second transverse plate 46 is movably connected to a second gear sleeve 52 through a bearing, and the surface of the third transverse plate 47 is movably connected to a third gear sleeve 52 through a bearing The gear sleeve 53, the lower end of the outer surface of the third gear sleeve 53 is fixedly installed with a first circular gear 55, both sides of the first circular gear 55 are meshed with the first tooth plate 33, the surface of the first tooth plate 33 is movably connected to the surface of the working box 29, both sides of the first tooth plate 33 are fixedly connected with a moving frame 10, the upper end of the moving frame 10 is fixedly connected with a second test plate 5, the bottom of the second test plate 5 is movably connected to the top of the test bench 1, the two ends of the top of the test bench 1 are fixedly connected with a support frame 3, the upper end of the back of the support frame 3 is provided with a pin hole 24, the middle end of the support frame 3 is movably connected with an adjustment box 6, and the adjustment box 6 is movably connected to the middle end of the support frame 3. The upper end of the box 6 is movably connected to the first screw sleeve 18 through a bearing, the middle end of the first screw sleeve 18 is fixedly installed with the second synchronous wheel 20, the inner cavity of the first screw sleeve 18 is threadedly connected with the first screw 19, the front surface of the first screw 19 is fixedly installed with the scanner 8, the lower end of the back side of the adjustment box 6 is movably connected to the first rotating sleeve 14 through a bearing, the surface of the first rotating sleeve 14 is fixedly installed with the first synchronous wheel 17, the middle end of the first synchronous wheel 17 and the middle end of the second synchronous wheel 20 are transmission-connected with the first synchronous belt 16, and the inner cavity of the rotating sleeve 14 and the surface of the pin hole 24 are movably connected with a pin shaft 15.

[0038] Through the above technical solution, through the setting of the test bench 1, the sand body model to be tested can be supported, and through the setting of the second motor 43, the second screw 27, the adjustment frame 36, the adjustment sleeve 35 and the gear ring 49, the power transmission between the first motor 42, the rotating shaft 45 and the third gear sleeve 53 can be realized. At the same time, through the setting of the first motor 42, the rotating shaft 45, the adjustment sleeve 35, the gear ring 49, the third gear sleeve 53, the first circular gear 55, the third cross plate 47, the first gear plate 33 and the second test plate 5, the sand body model can be squeezed and a horizontal Shear force is generated, so that the sand body model can produce corresponding en-echelon strike-slip faults. At the same time, through the arrangement of the pin shaft 15, the rotating sleeve 14, the first synchronous wheel 17, the adjusting box 6, the second synchronous wheel 20, the first screw sleeve 18, the first screw rod 19, the pin hole 24 and the supporting frame 3, it is convenient for personnel to adjust the working position of the scanner 8 according to the formation position of the en-echelon strike-slip faults, so that personnel can use the scanner 8 to record the morphology of the en-echelon strike-slip faults generated on the surface of the sand body model, and can transmit it to the data processing computer for data extraction and experimental analysis of the experimental results.

[0039] A third test plate 9 is movably connected between both ends of the top of the test bench 1 and both sides of the inner cavity of the test sand box 2. A fixed box 13 is fixedly connected to both ends of the test bench 1. The upper end of the fixed box 13 is movably connected to a second screw sleeve 40 through a bearing. A fourth synchronous wheel 39 is fixedly installed at the middle end of the second screw sleeve 40. The inner cavity of the second screw sleeve 40 is threadedly connected to a third screw 41. The surface of the third screw 41 is fixedly connected to the middle end of the third test plate 9. The lower ends of both sides of the working box 29 are movably connected to a transverse shaft 28 through a bearing. The surface of the transverse shaft 28 is movably connected to the lower end of the fixed box 13 through a bearing. A third synchronous wheel 37 is fixedly installed on the side away from each other of the two transverse shafts 28. A second synchronous belt 38 is transmission-connected between the middle end of the third synchronous wheel 37 and the middle end of the fourth synchronous wheel 39. A second bevel gear 51 is fixedly installed on the side close to each other of the two transverse shafts 28. A first bevel gear 50 is fixedly installed on the lower end of the first gear sleeve 48, and the first bevel gear 50 is meshed with the second bevel gear 51.

[0040] Through the above technical solution, through the arrangement of the first transverse plate 44, the first gear sleeve 48, the first bevel gear 50, the second bevel gear 51, the transverse shaft 28, the third synchronous wheel 37, the fixed box 13, the second synchronous belt 38, the fourth synchronous wheel 39, the second screw sleeve 40, the third screw 41 and the third test plate 9, when it is necessary to perform a reverse fault test on the sand body model, the adjustment frame 36, the adjustment sleeve 35 and the gear ring 49 are driven by the second motor 43 and the second screw 27 to move upward until the gear ring 49 can mesh with the first gear sleeve 48, and then the rotating shaft 45, the adjustment sleeve 35, the gear ring 49 can be driven by the first motor 42 to move upward. The ring 49, the first gear sleeve 48 and the first bevel gear 50 rotate. The rotation of the first bevel gear 50 can drive the second bevel gear 51, the transverse shaft 28 and the third synchronous wheel 37 to rotate, and drive the fourth synchronous wheel 39 and the second screw sleeve 40 to rotate through the second synchronous belt 38. Under the action of the rotation of the second screw sleeve 40, the two groups of third screws 41 and the third test plate 9 can be driven to move toward each other. The third test plate 9 extrude the sand body model laterally under the action of the movement, and the sand body model produces corresponding normal faults under the action of the lateral extrusion, so that it is convenient for personnel to observe and study the morphology produced by the normal faults.

[0041] A second circular gear 54 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the second gear sleeve 52, and a second tooth plate 56 is meshed on the front surface of the second circular gear 54. The surface of the second tooth plate 56 is movably connected to the surface of the working box 29. Both sides of the second tooth plate 56 are fixedly connected to guide seats 32. Both ends of the bottom of the guide seat 32 are movably connected to guide cross bars 30, and the surface of the guide cross bars 30 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the working box 29.

[0042] The middle end of the test bench 1 is movably connected to the first test plate 4, and the number of the first test plates 4 is two. The middle end of the bottom of the first test plate 4 is fixedly connected to a vertical rod 26, and the bottom of the vertical rod 26 is movably connected to a guide wheel 31 through a bearing. The lower end of the vertical rod 26 is movably connected to a U-shaped frame 25, and the top of the U-shaped frame 25 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the test bench 1. Second springs 34 are fixedly connected between the two ends of the inner cavity of the U-shaped frame 25 and the two ends of the bottom of the first test plate 4.

[0043] Through the above technical solution, through the arrangement of the first test plate 4, the U-shaped frame 25, the vertical rod 26, the guide wheel 31, the second spring 34, the guide seat 32, the second tooth plate 56, the second circular gear 54, the second gear sleeve 52 and the second cross plate 46, when it is necessary to perform a normal fault test on the sand body model, the second motor 43 and the second screw 27 drive the adjusting frame 36, the adjusting sleeve 35 and the gear ring 49 to move upward until the gear ring 49 can be disengaged from the first gear sleeve 48 and meshed with the second gear sleeve 52, and then the first motor 42 can drive the rotating shaft 45, the adjusting sleeve 35, the gear ring 49 and the second gear sleeve 52 to move upward. 2 and the second circular gear 54 rotate, and the second circular gear 54 can drive the second tooth plate 56 and the two groups of guide seats 32 to move while rotating. Under the action of the movement of the guide seats 32, they can contact the bottom of a group of guide wheels 31, and push the guide wheels 31, the vertical rod 26 and the first test plate 4 to move upward through the inclined surface. The movement of the first test plate 4 can stretch the second spring 34 in the U-shaped frame 25, and under the action of the movement of the first test plate 4, one side of the sand body model can be lifted, and the sand body model can generate a corresponding reverse fault, so that it is convenient for personnel to observe and study the morphology generated by the reverse fault.

[0044] Both ends of the second test plate 5 are fixedly connected to limit rods 11 , and the surface of the limit rods 11 is movably connected to the surface of the test sand box 2 .

[0045] Through the above technical solution and the setting of the limiting rod 11, the purpose of limiting and guiding the second test plate 5 is achieved, thereby preventing the second test plate 5 from tilting during the movement.

[0046] Support columns 12 are fixedly connected to the four sides of the bottom of the test bench 1 , and a support base plate is fixedly connected between the bottoms of the two support columns 12 .

[0047] Through the above technical solution, by arranging the support column 12 and the support bottom plate, the purpose of supporting the bottom of the test bench 1 is achieved.

[0048] A guide groove 58 is formed at the middle end of the rotating shaft 45 , and a guide block 57 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the inner cavity of the adjusting sleeve 35 . The surface of the guide block 57 is movably connected to the surface of the guide groove 58 .

[0049] Through the above technical solution, by providing the guide groove 58 and the guide block 57 , the purpose of guiding the rotating shaft 45 and the adjusting sleeve 35 is achieved, ensuring that the rotating shaft 45 and the adjusting sleeve 35 can rotate synchronously.

[0050] The upper ends of both sides of the outer surface of the adjustment box 6 are movably connected with guide slide bars 7 , and the front surfaces of the guide slide bars 7 are fixedly mounted on the back side of the scanner 8 .

[0051] Through the above technical solution, by setting the guide slide bar 7, the purpose of guiding the scanner 8 is achieved, thereby preventing the scanner 8 from tilting during the movement.

[0052] There are ten pin holes 24, and the distance between two adjacent pin holes 24 is equal. The first springs 21 are fixedly connected to both ends of the front surface of the first synchronous wheel 17, and a fixed plate 23 is fixedly connected between the front surface of the first spring 21 and the surface of the pin shaft 15. The two ends of the fixed plate 23 are movably connected to the guide rod 22, and the back side of the guide rod 22 is fixedly connected to the front surface of the first synchronous wheel 17.

[0053] Through the above technical solution, by setting the first spring 21, the fixed plate 23 and the guide rod 22, the purpose of guiding and supporting the first synchronous wheel 17 and the pin shaft 15 is achieved, ensuring that the first synchronous wheel 17 and the pin shaft 15 can rotate synchronously, and at the same time, the first spring 21 can be applied with corresponding pressure during the movement of the pin shaft 15, so as to facilitate the subsequent movement and reset of the pin shaft 15.

[0054] A method for using an en echelon strike-slip fault formation and development simulation experimental device, the method comprising the following steps:

[0055] A. First, place the sand body model prefabricated according to the test terrain on the top of the test bench 1 and between the four sets of second test plates 5;

[0056] B. Secondly, the second motor 43 is started to drive the second screw 27 to rotate. The second screw 27 can drive the adjustment frame 36 and the adjustment sleeve 35 to move upward along the surfaces of the second screw 27 and the rotating shaft 45 respectively. The movement of the adjustment sleeve 35 can drive the gear ring 49 to move. Under the action of the movement of the gear ring 49, the gear ring 49 can mesh with and separate from the first gear sleeve 48 and the second gear sleeve 52 in sequence until the gear ring 49 can mesh with the third gear sleeve 53.

[0057] C. Then, by starting the first motor 42, the rotating shaft 45 can be driven to rotate. The rotation of the rotating shaft 45 can drive the adjusting sleeve 35 and the gear ring 49 to rotate, and can drive the third gear sleeve 53 and the first circular gear 55 to rotate along the bearing on the third transverse plate 47. Under the action of the rotation of the first circular gear 55, the two groups of first tooth plates 33 can be driven to move in different directions. The movement of the first tooth plate 33 can drive the second test plate 5 to move through the moving frame 10, so that the second test plate 5 can squeeze the sand body model under the action of the movement and generate a lateral shear force, so that the sand body model can generate corresponding en echelon strike-slip faults;

[0058] D. Subsequently, by manipulating the pin shaft 15 to rotate, the rotating sleeve 14 and the first synchronous wheel 17 can be driven to rotate along the bearing on the adjusting box 6. The rotation of the first synchronous wheel 17 can drive the second synchronous wheel 20 and the first screw sleeve 18 to rotate through the first synchronous belt 16. While the first screw sleeve 18 rotates, it can drive the first screw 19 and the scanner 8 to adjust the position in the front and rear directions. At the same time, by pulling the pin shaft 15, it moves along the inner cavity of the rotating sleeve 14 until the surface of the pin shaft 15 can be separated from the surface of the pin hole 24, and the limit between the adjusting box 6 and the support frame 3 can be released. Then, the personnel can push the adjusting box 6, the first screw sleeve 18, the first screw 19 and the scanner 8 to adjust the position in the left and right horizontal directions until the scanner 8 can be located above the en-echelon strike-slip fault, so that the personnel can use the scanner 8 to record the morphology of the en-echelon strike-slip fault generated on the surface of the sand body model, and can transmit it to the data processing computer for data extraction and experimental analysis of the experimental results.

[0059] Experimental design and loading method

[0060] The stratum thickness in the experiment refers to the thickness of the experimental sand body that has not been deformed and is laid on the basement plate (preset paleofault). To ensure the accuracy of the experimental results, two types of lithology (white quartz sand and yellow quartz sand) were selected as the materials. Nine groups of experiments were conducted for each lithology, for a total of 18 groups of experiments. One group of experiments was conducted for every 0.5 cm increase in the thickness of the experimental sand body to ensure that the experimental results were representative. During the experiment, the changes in the surface morphology of the sand body were recorded. When the thickness of the experimental sand body gradually increased, the size of the experimental model was also increased to ensure that the experimental deformation area was far away from the boundary of the experimental model, ensuring that the experimental edge effect had no effect on the experimental results.

[0061] The particle size of the two materials selected in the experiment is 150-100um. The internal friction angle of white quartz sand is 35.76°, the cohesion is 97pa, and the internal friction angle of yellow quartz sand is 34.82°, the cohesion is 83.5pa. The mechanical similarity relationship between the experimental simulation material and the actual formation is σ*=C 地质 / C 模型 The average cohesion C of brittle rocks in the upper crust is 10 MPa, so the experimental scale factor is 10 5 , which is consistent with the proportions of other crustal-scale experimental model studies.

[0062] Experimental results and analysis

[0063] By analyzing the 18 experimental results of the two lithologies in the above experiment, we can get the following results (as shown in the following table):

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] ①Comparison of experimental results of different thicknesses

[0067] In the early stage of fault activity, when the displacement reached 0.35 cm, cracks began to develop on the free surface of the 2 cm thick yellow quartz sand experimental model (the model with the smallest formation thickness). When the displacement was less than 0.35 cm, the free surface of the experimental model did not deform. At this time, the fault displacement was in the upward propagation stage, and the deformation did not propagate to the free surface of the experimental model. As the formation thickness increased, the displacement required for the crack to penetrate the model to the free surface gradually increased. Under the same displacement, in the experimental model with smaller thickness, the density of cracks was greater, the average crack spacing was smaller, the length was smaller, and the width of the crack zone was smaller; while in the experimental model with larger thickness, the density of cracks was smaller, the average crack spacing and length were larger, and the crack width was larger.

[0068] ② Comparison of experimental results of different lithologies

[0069] Comparison of experiments on different rock types revealed that overall, the characteristics of fracture development have similar changing trends, and the control rules of stratum thickness on fracture zone properties are also similar. The main difference is that in the yellow quartz sand experiment, the experimental material has lower cohesion and is more likely to crack. Therefore, the displacement required for the fracture to penetrate the surface is smaller.

[0070] ③ Compare the results of the same group of experiments and different stages of experiments

[0071] The results of the yellow quartz sand (4 cm thick) experiment show that when the displacement reaches 0.35 cm, no cracks appear on the free surface, but the marking line bends. This stage is in the strain accumulation stage. When the displacement increases to 0.65 cm, cracks begin to appear on the free surface, and the cracks interrupt the marking line on the free surface. As the displacement increases further, the width, number and length of the crack zone also gradually increase. However, when the displacement increases to a certain extent, the width of the crack zone reaches a peak and no longer increases ( Fig.11 ).

[0072] Therefore, through data statistics, it is found that ( Fig.12 ), the thickness of the stratum above the ancient fault directly determines the spacing, length, density, width of the fracture zone and the displacement required when the fracture is exposed to the free surface. Based on the experimental data obtained, by observing the scatter plot of stratum thickness and fracture width, it is found that the two have a linear relationship. Based on this, the least squares method is used to linearly fit the relationship between the two, and the optimal fitting curve is made. The linear relationship formula between the stratum thickness T and the fracture width W of the white quartz sand and yellow quartz sand experiments is obtained respectively, and an overall relationship is fitted based on this:

[0073] W=0.5625T+0.5236

[0074] Where W is the fracture width and T is the formation thickness.

[0075] From the fitting results, it can be seen that when the ancient fault displacement is the same, the greater the stratum thickness, the greater the width of the fracture zone, and the two are positively correlated.

[0076] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, rather than to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental device for simulating the formation and development of en echelon strike-slip faults, comprising a test bench (1), characterized in that: The top of the test bench (1) is fixedly connected to a test sand box (2); the middle end of the bottom of the outer surface of the test bench (1) is fixedly connected to a working box (29); the top of the inner cavity of the working box (29) is fixedly installed with a first motor (42); the output end of the first motor (42) is fixedly installed with a rotating shaft (45); an adjusting sleeve (35) is movably connected between the lower end of the rotating shaft (45) and the middle end of the bottom of the working box (29); the upper end of the outer surface of the adjusting sleeve (35) is fixedly connected with a gear ring (49); the lower end of the front surface of the working box (29) is fixedly installed with a second motor (43); the output end of the second motor (43) is fixedly installed with a second screw (27); the second screw (27) ) is movably connected to the bottom of the test bench (1) through a bearing, the lower end of the second screw rod (27) is threadedly connected to the adjustment frame (36), the bottom of the adjustment sleeve (35) is movably connected to the lower end of the adjustment frame (36) through a bearing, the middle end of the inner cavity of the working box (29) is fixedly installed with a third transverse plate (47), a second transverse plate (46) and a first transverse plate (44) in sequence from top to bottom, the surface of the first transverse plate (44) is movably connected to the first gear sleeve (48) through a bearing, the surface of the second transverse plate (46) is movably connected to the second gear sleeve (52) through a bearing, the surface of the third transverse plate (47) is movably connected to the third gear sleeve (53) through a bearing, and the outer surface of the third gear sleeve (53) A first circular gear (55) is fixedly mounted at the lower end, and first tooth plates (33) are meshed on both sides of the first circular gear (55), and the surface of the first tooth plate (33) is movably connected to the surface of the working box (29). A movable frame (10) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the movable frame (10), and the bottom of the second test plate (5) is movably connected to the top of the test bench (1). A support frame (3) is fixedly connected between the two ends of the top of the test bench (1), and a pin hole (24) is provided at the upper end of the back of the support frame (3). An adjustment box (6) is movably connected to the middle end of the support frame (3), and the upper end of the adjustment box (6) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the adjustment box (6). A first screw sleeve (18) is movably connected via a bearing, a second synchronous wheel (20) is fixedly mounted on the middle end of the first screw sleeve (18), a first screw rod (19) is threadedly connected to the inner cavity of the first screw sleeve (18), a scanner (8) is fixedly mounted on the front surface of the first screw rod (19), a first rotating sleeve (14) is movably connected to the lower end of the back side of the adjustment box (6) via a bearing, a first synchronous wheel (17) is fixedly mounted on the surface of the first rotating sleeve (14), a first synchronous belt (16) is transmission-connected between the middle end of the first synchronous wheel (17) and the middle end of the second synchronous wheel (20), and a pin shaft (15) is movably connected between the inner cavity of the rotating sleeve (14) and the surface of the pin hole (24).

2. The en echelon strike-slip fault formation and development simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A third test plate (9) is movably connected between the two ends of the top of the test bench (1) and the two sides of the inner cavity of the test sand box (2); a fixed box (13) is fixedly connected to the two ends of the test bench (1); the upper end of the fixed box (13) is movably connected to a second screw sleeve (40) through a bearing; a fourth synchronous wheel (39) is fixedly installed at the middle end of the second screw sleeve (40); a third screw rod (41) is threadedly connected to the inner cavity of the second screw sleeve (40); the surface of the third screw rod (41) is fixedly connected to the middle end of the third test plate (9); the lower ends of both sides of the working box (29) are movably connected to the second screw sleeve (40) through bearings. A transverse shaft (28) is connected, and the surface of the transverse shaft (28) is movably connected to the lower end of the fixed box (13) through a bearing. A third synchronous wheel (37) is fixedly installed on the side away from each other of the two transverse shafts (28). A second synchronous belt (38) is transmission-connected between the middle end of the third synchronous wheel (37) and the middle end of the fourth synchronous wheel (39). A second bevel gear (51) is fixedly installed on the side close to each other of the two transverse shafts (28). A first bevel gear (50) is fixedly installed on the lower end of the first gear sleeve (48), and the first bevel gear (50) is meshed with the second bevel gear (51).

3. The en echelon strike-slip fault formation and development simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second circular gear (54) is fixedly mounted on the lower end of the second gear sleeve (52); a second tooth plate (56) is meshed on the front surface of the second circular gear (54); a surface of the second tooth plate (56) is movably connected to the surface of the working box (29); guide seats (32) are fixedly connected to both sides of the second tooth plate (56); guide cross bars (30) are movably connected to the two ends of the bottom of the guide seat (32); and a surface of the guide cross bar (30) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the working box (29).

4. The en echelon strike-slip fault formation and development simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The middle end of the test bench (1) is movably connected to a first test plate (4), the number of the first test plates (4) is two, the middle end of the bottom of the first test plate (4) is fixedly connected to a vertical pole (26), the bottom of the vertical pole (26) is movably connected to a guide wheel (31) via a bearing, the lower end of the vertical pole (26) is movably connected to a U-shaped frame (25), the top of the U-shaped frame (25) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the test bench (1), and second springs (34) are fixedly connected between the two ends of the inner cavity of the U-shaped frame (25) and the two ends of the bottom of the first test plate (4).

5. The en echelon strike-slip fault formation and development simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the second test plate (5) are fixedly connected to limit rods (11), and the surface of the limit rods (11) is movably connected to the surface of the test sand box (2).

6. The en echelon strike-slip fault formation and development simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Support columns (12) are fixedly connected around the bottom of the test bench (1), and a support base plate is fixedly connected between the bottoms of two support columns (12).

7. The en echelon strike-slip fault formation and development simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guide groove (58) is provided at the middle end of the rotating shaft (45), and a guide block (57) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the inner cavity of the adjusting sleeve (35), and the surface of the guide block (57) is movably connected to the surface of the guide groove (58).

8. The en echelon strike-slip fault formation and development simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper ends of both sides of the outer surface of the adjustment box (6) are movably connected to guide slide bars (7), and the front surface of the guide slide bars (7) is fixedly mounted on the back of the scanner (8).

9. The en echelon strike-slip fault formation and development simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the pin holes (24) is ten, and the distance between two adjacent pin holes (24) is equal. The first springs (21) are fixedly connected to both ends of the front surface of the first synchronous wheel (17). A fixed plate (23) is fixedly connected between the front surface of the first spring (21) and the surface of the pin shaft (15). The two ends of the fixed plate (23) are movably connected to guide rods (22). The back side of the guide rod (22) is fixedly connected to the front surface of the first synchronous wheel (17).

10. A method for using an en echelon strike-slip fault formation and development simulation experimental device, characterized in that: The method of use includes the following steps: A. First, a sand body model prefabricated according to the test terrain is placed on the top of the test bench (1) and between four sets of second test plates (5); B. Secondly, the second motor (43) is started to drive the second screw (27) to rotate. The second screw (27) can drive the adjustment frame (36) and the adjustment sleeve (35) to move upward along the surface of the second screw (27) and the rotating shaft (45) respectively. The movement of the adjustment sleeve (35) can drive the gear ring (49) to move. Under the action of the movement of the gear ring (49), the gear ring (49) can mesh with and separate from the first gear sleeve (48) and the second gear sleeve (52) in sequence until the gear ring (49) can mesh with the third gear sleeve (53); C. Then, by starting the first motor (42), the rotating shaft (45) can be driven to rotate. The rotation of the rotating shaft (45) can drive the adjusting sleeve (35) and the gear ring (49) to rotate, and can drive the third gear sleeve (53) and the first circular gear (55) to rotate along the bearing on the third transverse plate (47). Under the action of the rotation of the first circular gear (55), the two groups of first tooth plates (33) can be driven to move in different directions. The movement of the first tooth plate (33) can drive the second test plate (5) to move through the moving frame (10), so that the second test plate (5) can squeeze the sand body model under the action of the movement and generate a lateral shear force, so that the sand body model can generate corresponding en echelon strike-slip faults; D. Subsequently, by operating the pin shaft (15) to rotate, the rotating sleeve (14) and the first synchronous wheel (17) can be driven to rotate along the bearing on the adjustment box (6). The rotation of the first synchronous wheel (17) can drive the second synchronous wheel (20) and the first screw sleeve (18) to rotate through the first synchronous belt (16). The rotation of the first screw sleeve (18) can drive the first screw rod (19) and the scanner (8) to adjust the position in the front and rear directions. At the same time, by pulling the pin shaft (15), the rotating sleeve (14) moves along the inner cavity until the pin shaft (15) The surface of the adjusting box (6) can be separated from the surface of the pin hole (24), and the limit between the adjusting box (6) and the supporting frame (3) can be released. Then, the personnel can push the adjusting box (6), the first screw sleeve (18), the first screw rod (19) and the scanner (8) to adjust the position in the left and right horizontal directions until the scanner (8) is located above the en-echelon strike-slip fault, so that the personnel can use the scanner (8) to record the morphology of the en-echelon strike-slip fault generated on the surface of the sand body model, and transmit it to the data processing computer for data extraction and experimental analysis of the experimental results.

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