Minimally invasive bone taking device and bone taking method

Abstract

The invention discloses a minimally invasive bone taking device which comprises a bone taking module, a power module, a microwave sensing module and an information processing and control module, the invention further provides a minimally invasive bone taking method, the power module drives a tool bit to move, so that a microwave sensor is in contact with bone tissue at the bone taking position, and the microwave sensor is in contact with the bone tissue at the bone taking position; the microwave generator inputs a microwave signal to the microwave sensor, the microwave sensor receives the microwave signal reflected by the bone tissue and transmits the received microwave signal to the information processing and control module, and the information processing and control module calculates and identifies the microwave signal parameter reflected by the bone tissue; if it is recognized that the bone tissue is cancellous bone, the information processing and control module controls the power module to move to drive the tool bit to move so as to obtain the bone tissue; and if the bone tissue is recognized as cortical bone, the information processing and control module controls the power module to stop working. Based on the difference of the cortical bone and the cancellous bone on microwave radiation and absorption, the accuracy of identifying the cortical bone and the cancellous bone is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, and in particular to a minimally invasive bone harvesting device and a bone harvesting method. Background Art

[0002] Bone grafting refers to a variety of surgical methods to increase or stimulate new bone formation wherever it is needed. It is a common surgical method in orthopedic surgery. Bone grafting is widely used in scenarios such as fresh fractures, delayed union and nonunion of fractures, regeneration loss or bone loss, helping fusion of diseased joints, and improving bone stock around prostheses. There are three types of bone grafting, namely autologous bone grafting, allogeneic bone grafting and xenogeneic bone grafting. Autologous bone grafting is the "gold standard" of bone grafting. Autologous bone grafting usually refers to bone tissue obtained from the patient's own body. It has good osteoconduction, osteoinduction and osteogenesis, there is no risk of disease transmission or graft rejection, and no special processing techniques are required. Autologous bone grafts are usually cancellous bones taken from the anterior and posterior iliac crests. The proximal tibia, greater trochanter, distal radius, ribs and ulna are also potential bone harvesting sites.

[0003] At present, traditional open surgery is usually used to obtain autologous bone grafts. When obtaining autologous bone graft materials from the anterior iliac crest and posterior iliac crest, the surface of the patient's iliac bone is exposed, and the top of the iliac crest can be removed with a bone knife, and then the cancellous bone between the iliac wings can be dug out with a curette; or a bone chisel or chisel can be used to remove cortical cancellous bone strips from the inner or outer wing of the ilium. When obtaining autologous bone graft materials from other parts, the bone surface is exposed, a bone knife is used to make a bone window in the thin cortical bone, and a curette is used to dig out the cancellous bone adjacent to the bone window. Although this bone harvesting method has a wide surgical field of view and is easy to operate, it has problems such as large surgical incisions, slow postoperative recovery of patients, severe postoperative pain, and a high incidence of postoperative complications.

[0004] With the rapid development of medical technology, minimally invasive surgery has gradually been recognized and promoted. This surgical method has the advantages of less trauma, less pain, and good prognosis, and can avoid the problems of traditional open bone harvesting. However, because minimally invasive bone harvesting has a small field of view and is difficult to operate, it is easy to cause unnecessary damage to the tissues around the bone harvesting site during the bone harvesting process. At the same time, because the number of donor bones is limited, compared with open bone harvesting, minimally invasive bone harvesting obtains less autologous grafts, which may be difficult to meet transplantation needs. How to improve the safety of minimally invasive bone harvesting while obtaining as much bone tissue as possible is a highly concerned issue.

[0005] The invention patent with publication number CN106037833B proposes a device and method for intelligently adjusting the speed of a surgical power planing system. This device can automatically identify the planed tissue and intelligently adjust the planing speed, so that the operator can focus all his attention on the surgical process, speed up the surgical process, shorten the patient's pain during the operation, and effectively reduce the risk of surgery. The existing technology uses a pressure sensor to identify the hardness of the part to be planed, so as to achieve the purpose of identifying cortical bone and cancellous bone, and then select the appropriate output power for planing. However, the difference between cortical bone and cancellous bone is very large between individuals, and it is impossible to accurately distinguish between cortical bone and cancellous bone by hardness, and there is still a great risk. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a minimally invasive bone harvesting device and bone harvesting method to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, improve the accuracy of identifying cortical bone and cancellous bone, effectively avoid unnecessary damage, and increase the safety of autologous bone collection.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a minimally invasive bone removal device, comprising:

[0009] A bone removal module, the bone removal module comprising a cutter head;

[0010] A power module, the power module is connected to the cutter head in a transmission manner, and the power module can drive the cutter head to move so as to obtain bone tissue;

[0011] A microwave sensor module, the microwave sensor module comprising a microwave generator and a microwave sensor, the microwave generator being capable of inputting a microwave signal to the microwave sensor, the microwave sensor being disposed at the front end of the blade head, being capable of contacting the bone tissue, and being capable of receiving the microwave signal reflected by the bone tissue;

[0012] The information processing and control module, the power module and the microwave sensor module are both communicatively connected to the information processing and control module.

[0013] Preferably, the power module further comprises a spiral transmission rod, one end of which is connected to the cutter head, and the other end of which is connected to the power module.

[0014] Preferably, the cutter head is detachably connected to the spiral conveying rod.

[0015] Preferably, the cutter head is a cylindrical structure; the diameter of the cutter head is 0.1 cm to 1.5 cm.

[0016] Preferably, the rotation speed of the cutter head ranges from 100 rpm to 2000 rpm.

[0017] Preferably, the microwave sensor comprises a substrate and a microwave resonator and a microwave antenna arranged on the substrate, the microwave resonator is a spiral structure, the microwave antenna is a ring structure, and the microwave antenna is arranged around the microwave resonator.

[0018] Preferably, the microwave resonator and the microwave antenna are both made of copper, and the substrate is made of flame-resistant material.

[0019] Preferably, the diameter of the wire of the microwave resonator is 0.2 mm, the diameter of the microwave antenna is 0.5 mm, and the thickness of the substrate is 0.8 mm.

[0020] Preferably, the microwave frequency range of the microwave emitted by the microwave sensor to the bone tissue in contact with the microwave sensor is 860 MHz to 970 MHz.

[0021] The present invention also provides a minimally invasive bone harvesting method, using the above-mentioned minimally invasive bone harvesting device, the power module drives the cutter head to move so that the microwave sensor contacts the bone tissue at the bone harvesting position, the microwave generator inputs a microwave signal to the microwave sensor, the microwave sensor receives the microwave signal reflected by the bone tissue, and transmits the received microwave signal to the information processing and control module, and the information processing and control module calculates and identifies the microwave signal parameters reflected by the bone tissue;

[0022] If the bone tissue is identified as cancellous bone, the information processing and control module controls the power module to move and drive the cutter head to obtain the bone tissue; if the bone tissue is identified as cortical bone, the information processing and control module controls the power module to stop working.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects: the present invention provides a minimally invasive bone removal device, including a bone removal module, a power module, a microwave sensor module and an information processing and control module, the bone removal module includes a cutter head; the power module is transmission-connected to the cutter head, and the power module can drive the cutter head to move to obtain bone tissue; the microwave sensor module includes a microwave generator and a microwave sensor, the microwave generator can input a microwave signal to the microwave sensor, the microwave sensor is arranged at the front end of the cutter head, the microwave sensor can contact the bone tissue, and the microwave sensor can receive the microwave signal reflected by the bone tissue; the power module and the microwave sensor module are both communicatively connected to the information processing and control module.

[0024] The present invention also provides a minimally invasive bone harvesting method, in which a power module drives a cutter head to move so that a microwave sensor contacts bone tissue at a bone harvesting position, a microwave generator inputs a microwave signal to the microwave sensor, the microwave sensor receives the microwave signal reflected by the bone tissue, and transmits the received microwave signal to an information processing and control module, the information processing and control module calculates and identifies the microwave signal parameters reflected by the bone tissue; if the bone tissue is identified as cancellous bone, the information processing and control module controls the power module to drive the cutter head to move to harvest the bone tissue; if the bone tissue is identified as cortical bone, the information processing and control module controls the power module to stop working.

[0025] The minimally invasive bone harvesting device and bone harvesting method of the present invention intelligently identify cortical bone and cancellous bone based on the difference in microwave radiation and absorption between cortical bone and cancellous bone, significantly improving the accuracy of identifying cortical bone and cancellous bone. The present invention utilizes a microwave sensing module and an information processing and control module disposed in a bone harvesting module to identify cancellous bone and cortical bone. During the process of collecting autologous cancellous bone, if the bone harvesting module contacts cortical bone, the device can automatically identify and stop working, effectively avoiding unnecessary damage and increasing the safety of autologous bone collection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the minimally invasive bone removal device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the process of the minimally invasive bone harvesting method of the present invention.

[0029] In the picture: 1. Knife head; 2. Bone tissue. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a minimally invasive bone harvesting device and bone harvesting method to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, improve the accuracy of identifying cortical bone and cancellous bone, effectively avoid unnecessary damage, and increase the safety of autologous bone collection.

[0032] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] The present invention provides a minimally invasive bone harvesting device, comprising a bone harvesting module, a power module, a microwave sensing module and an information processing and control module. The bone harvesting module comprises a cutter head 1; the power module is transmission-connected to the cutter head 1, and the power module can drive the cutter head 1 to move so as to harvest bone tissue 2; the microwave sensing module comprises a microwave generator and a microwave sensor, the microwave generator can input a microwave signal to the microwave sensor, the microwave sensor is arranged at the front end of the cutter head 1, the microwave sensor can contact the bone tissue 2, and the microwave sensor can receive the microwave signal reflected by the bone tissue 2; the power module and the microwave sensing module are both communication-connected to the information processing and control module.

[0034] When working, the power module drives the cutter head 1 to move so that the microwave sensor contacts the bone tissue 2 at the bone removal position, the microwave generator inputs a microwave signal to the microwave sensor, the microwave sensor receives the microwave signal reflected by the bone tissue 2, and transmits the received microwave signal to the information processing and control module, the information processing and control module calculates the microwave signal parameters reflected by the bone tissue 2 and identifies it; if the bone tissue 2 is identified as cancellous bone, the information processing and control module controls the power module to move and drive the cutter head 1 to move to obtain the bone tissue 2; if the bone tissue 2 is identified as cortical bone, the information processing and control module controls the power module to stop working. The minimally invasive bone removal device of the present invention, based on the differentiation of cortical bone and cancellous bone for microwave radiation and absorption, intelligently identifies cortical bone and cancellous bone, and significantly improves the accuracy of identifying cortical bone and cancellous bone. The present invention uses a microwave sensing module and an information processing and control module to identify cancellous bone and cortical bone. In the process of collecting autologous cancellous bone, if the bone removal module contacts the cortical bone, the device can automatically identify and stop working, effectively avoiding unnecessary damage and increasing the safety of autologous bone collection.

[0035] The power module further includes a spiral transmission rod, one end of which is connected to the cutter head 1, and the other end of which is connected to the power module. The spiral transmission rod is used to transmit the power of the power module to achieve smooth power transmission. In this specific embodiment, the power module can use a motor as a power source, and the forward and reverse rotation of the motor can drive the cutter head 1 to approach or move away from the bone tissue 2.

[0036] In practical applications, the cutter head 1 and the spiral conveying rod are connected in a detachable manner, which is convenient for the disassembly and assembly of the cutter head 1 and provides convenient conditions for the later maintenance of the cutter head 1.

[0037] In this specific embodiment, the blade head 1 is a cylindrical structure, and the diameter of the blade head 1 is 0.1 cm to 1.5 cm. In actual operation, the blade head 1 of other shapes and specifications can be replaced according to the bone removal requirements, such as using a blade head with a blunt front end (without edge), and cutting bone tissue by relying on the edges on both sides. The blunt front end is used to install a microwave sensor that needs to be in direct contact with the tissue.

[0038] In other specific embodiments of the present invention, the speed range of the cutter head 1 is 100 rpm to 2000 rpm. When in use, the working speed of the motor can be selected according to the operation requirements, so as to adjust the speed of the cutter head 1, switch the direction of the motor, and drive the cutter head 1 to reciprocate. In practical applications, the working speed and direction of the motor can be displayed and fed back in real time on the information processing and control module, which is convenient for operators to monitor the working status of the device in real time. After receiving the information transmitted by the microwave sensor, the information processing and control module sends a signal to control the power module to continue to output power or stop power output.

[0039] Specifically, the microwave sensor includes a substrate and a microwave resonator and a microwave antenna arranged on the substrate. The microwave resonator is a spiral structure, and the microwave antenna is a ring structure. The microwave antenna is arranged around the microwave resonator, and the microwave antenna is used to excite the microwave resonator.

[0040] In this specific implementation, the microwave resonator and the microwave antenna are both made of copper, and the substrate is made of flame-resistant material, which improves the structural stability of the microwave sensor and extends the service life of the microwave sensor.

[0041] In a specific implementation manner of the present invention, the wire diameter of the microwave resonator is 0.2 mm, the antenna diameter of the microwave antenna is 0.5 mm, and the thickness of the substrate is 0.8 mm, which is beneficial to reducing the space occupied by the microwave sensor, thereby further improving the operational safety factor of the minimally invasive bone removal device; in practical applications, the size and specifications of the microwave sensor can also be adjusted according to the actual bone removal conditions to meet different bone removal requirements and improve the flexibility and adaptability of the device.

[0042] In actual applications, the microwave frequency range of the microwave sensor emitted to the bone tissue 2 it contacts is 860MHz to 970MHz, which can be adjusted according to the actual bone harvesting needs to ensure the smooth progress of minimally invasive bone harvesting. The microwave sensor emits microwave signals to the bone tissue 2 it contacts, receives the returned microwave signals, and then transmits the signals to the information processing and control module.

[0043] At the same time, the present invention also provides a minimally invasive bone harvesting method, using the above-mentioned minimally invasive bone harvesting device, the power module drives the cutter head 1 to move so that the microwave sensor contacts the bone tissue 2 at the bone harvesting position, the microwave generator inputs a microwave signal to the microwave sensor, the microwave sensor receives the microwave signal reflected by the bone tissue 2, and transmits the received microwave signal to the information processing and control module, the information processing and control module calculates the microwave signal parameters reflected by the bone tissue 2 and identifies it;

[0044] If the bone tissue 2 is identified as cancellous bone, the information processing and control module controls the power module to move the cutter head 1 to obtain the bone tissue 2; if the bone tissue 2 is identified as cortical bone, the information processing and control module controls the power module to stop working.

[0045] The microwave signal is transmitted to the information processing and control module via the transmission signal line. After acquiring the microwave signal, the information processing and control module calculates the S11 (reflection coefficient) parameter curve. Due to the dielectric properties of cancellous bone and cortical bone, the corresponding S11 (reflection coefficient) parameter curves are different. The information processing and control module monitors the type of bone tissue 2 contacted by the bone extraction module by processing and identifying the S11 parameter curve. During the bone extraction process, if the information processing and control module identifies the S11 (reflection coefficient) parameter curve corresponding to the cortical bone, a stop signal will be generated and transmitted to the power module; if the S11 (reflection coefficient) parameter curve corresponding to the cancellous bone is identified, a motion signal will be generated and transmitted to the power module, and the power module will drive the cutter head 1 to move to obtain bone tissue 2.

[0046] Compared with the prior art method of identifying cortical bone and cancellous bone based on the hardness of biological tissue, the present invention intelligently identifies cortical bone and cancellous bone based on the difference in microwave radiation and absorption between cortical bone and cancellous bone, which significantly improves the accuracy of identifying cortical bone and cancellous bone. The minimally invasive bone extraction device of the present invention can use the microwave sensor and information processing and control module provided in the bone extraction module to identify cancellous bone and cortical bone. In the process of collecting autologous cancellous bone, if the bone extraction module contacts the cortical bone, the device can automatically identify and stop working, effectively avoiding unnecessary damage and increasing the safety of autologous bone collection.

[0047] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A minimally invasive bone removal device, characterized in that: include: A bone removal module, the bone removal module comprising a cutter head; A power module, the power module is connected to the cutter head in a transmission manner, and the power module can drive the cutter head to move so as to obtain bone tissue; A microwave sensor module, the microwave sensor module comprising a microwave generator and a microwave sensor, the microwave generator being capable of inputting a microwave signal to the microwave sensor, the microwave sensor being disposed at the front end of the blade head, being capable of contacting the bone tissue, and being capable of receiving the microwave signal reflected by the bone tissue; The information processing and control module, the power module and the microwave sensor module are both communicatively connected to the information processing and control module.

2. The minimally invasive bone removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power module further comprises a spiral transmission rod, one end of which is connected to the cutter head, and the other end of which is connected to the power module.

3. The minimally invasive bone removal device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cutter head is detachably connected to the spiral conveying rod.

4. The minimally invasive bone removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutter head is a cylindrical structure; the diameter of the cutter head is 0.1 cm to 1.5 cm.

5. The minimally invasive bone removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotation speed of the cutter head ranges from 100 rpm to 2000 rpm.

6. The minimally invasive bone removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microwave sensor comprises a substrate and a microwave resonator and a microwave antenna arranged on the substrate. The microwave resonator is a spiral structure, the microwave antenna is a ring structure, and the microwave antenna is arranged around the microwave resonator.

7. The minimally invasive bone removal device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The microwave resonator and the microwave antenna are both made of copper, and the substrate is made of flame-resistant material.

8. The minimally invasive bone removal device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The diameter of the wire of the microwave resonator is 0.2 mm, the diameter of the microwave antenna is 0.5 mm, and the thickness of the substrate is 0.8 mm.

9. The minimally invasive bone removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microwave frequency range of the microwave sensor emitting to the bone tissue in contact with the microwave sensor is 860 MHz to 970 MHz.

10. A minimally invasive bone harvesting method, characterized in that: Using the minimally invasive bone harvesting device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the power module drives the blade to move so that the microwave sensor contacts the bone tissue at the bone harvesting position, the microwave generator inputs a microwave signal to the microwave sensor, the microwave sensor receives the microwave signal reflected by the bone tissue, and transmits the received microwave signal to the information processing and control module, and the information processing and control module calculates and identifies the microwave signal parameters reflected by the bone tissue; If the bone tissue is identified as cancellous bone, the information processing and control module controls the power module to move and drive the cutter head to obtain the bone tissue; if the bone tissue is identified as cortical bone, the information processing and control module controls the power module to stop working.

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