Fishway cooperatively designed with ship lock and provided with central transfer station and operation method
By introducing a central transfer station and revolving door float structure in the collaborative design of the lock, the vertical improvement of the fish path is achieved by using the water level changes of the lock chamber, which solves the high cost and complexity of traditional fish paths and fish lifters, and achieves high efficiency , sustainable fish transition and energy saving effects.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411424067.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-12
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-17
AI Technical Summary
While traditional fish track design meets the swimming habits of fish, it leads to large investment and construction periods, and there are high costs, complex technologies and problems that affect fish living habits. It is difficult to collaborate in the locks and fish tracks in the existing technology. Achieve efficient and sustainable fish transitions.
Design a fish path with a central transfer station designed in coordination with the lock, and passes through the fish path through the water level changes in the lock chamber. Use revolving doors and floats to achieve the water level control of the upper and lower ponds of the fish path, combined with the lock The water filling and water discharge system can achieve vertical lifting and lowering of the fish path.
The combination of the advantages of fish tracks and fish lifters has been achieved, reducing the length of fish track layout, saving land and saving engineering volume, using the water abandoned potential energy of the lock lock chamber to achieve fish improvement, avoiding additional energy consumption, and improving the efficiency of fishing overflow Survival rate, adapt to different water level conditions.
Smart Images
Figure CN119145368A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of water conservancy engineering, and in particular relates to a fishway with a central transfer station designed in coordination with a ship lock and an operation method thereof. Background Art
[0002] In order to protect and promote the migration and reproduction of aquatic organisms, especially for those fish that need to migrate seasonally in rivers, it is often necessary to build fishway (fish ladder, fish lift) facilities in water conservancy projects. Fishways can maintain the integrity of river ecosystems, protect species and promote the sustainable use of fishery resources. The construction of fishways is an important environmental compensation measure in water conservancy projects, which helps to balance the relationship between human needs and ecological protection and ensure the sustainable use of water resources. In conventional fishway design, in order to meet the swimming habits of fish, the fishway needs to be controlled to a certain gentle slope (such as 1 / 80). When the water level difference between the upstream and downstream of the hub project is large, it is necessary to set up a fishway as long as several kilometers to meet the layout requirements, which will inevitably lead to a large investment and construction period. Some hub projects may not have the conditions for arranging fishways due to land acquisition restrictions.
[0003] Fish lift, also known as fish lifting machine, is a mechanical device used to help fish cross dams. Its design principle is similar to that of an elevator. Although fish lift can quickly lift fish and has high efficiency in short-term fish passing, it also has many disadvantages, such as high construction and operation costs, inability to pass fish continuously, complex technical problems, and affecting the living habits of fish.
[0004] A Chinese patent document with publication number CN114411671A discloses a double-opening ship lock combined with a rotating vertical slot fishway and an operation method thereof. The solution is to expand and install facilities such as baffles on the basis of an existing ship lock to achieve a fish passing effect shared with the ship lock. However, the disadvantage of this solution is that the fishway can only be used separately from the ship lock, and the mutual influence is relatively large. In particular, busy rivers cannot meet the fish passing requirements to ensure the passage of ships.
[0005] A Chinese patent document with publication number CN111350172A discloses a fishway water replenishment system, a fishway and a water replenishment method used in conjunction with a ship lock. The scheme is to utilize the discharge of water from the ship lock to replenish the fishway so as to fully utilize water resources. However, the disadvantage of this scheme is that it only utilizes the discharge of water from the ship lock chamber to replenish the fishway, and does not improve the overall layout of the fishway.
[0006] In view of this, in order to make better use of the lock layout and optimize the traditional fishway and fish lift layout, the inventor hopes to design a fishway with a central transfer station and an operation method that are designed in coordination with the lock. Summary of the invention
[0007] The object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned problems existing in the conventional technology and to provide a fishway with a central transfer station designed in coordination with a ship lock and an operation method thereof.
[0008] In order to achieve the above technical objectives and the above technical effects, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:
[0009] The present invention provides a fishway with a central transfer station designed in coordination with a ship lock, comprising a ship lock, a high-level fishway, a low-level fishway, a central transfer station, a dam and a powerhouse; the ship lock is arranged on the bank of a river channel, and the high-level fishway and the low-level fishway are arranged between the ship lock and the powerhouse; a powerhouse tailwater channel is provided at the tail end of the powerhouse, and the high-level fishway and the low-level fishway are connected with the ship lock and the powerhouse tailwater channel through the central transfer station.
[0010] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned fishway with a central transfer station designed in coordination with the ship lock, the ship lock is provided with an upper navigation channel, an upper ship lock head with an upper ship lock head gate, a ship lock chamber, a lower ship lock head with a lower ship lock head gate, and a lower navigation channel from upstream to downstream.
[0011] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned fishway with a central transfer station designed in coordination with the ship lock, the high-level fishway includes an upstream high-level fishway, a downstream high-level fishway, a high-level fishway fish outlet, a high-level fishway fish outlet gate, a high-level fishway fish inlet and a high-level fishway fish outlet gate; the outer end of the upstream high-level fishway is provided with a high-level fishway fish outlet and a high-level fishway fish outlet gate, and the outer end of the downstream high-level fishway is provided with a high-level fishway fish inlet and a high-level fishway fish inlet gate.
[0012] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned fishway with a central transfer station designed in coordination with the ship lock, the low-level fishway includes an upstream low-level fishway, a downstream low-level fishway, a low-level fishway fish outlet, a low-level fishway fish outlet gate, a low-level fishway fish inlet and a low-level fishway fish inlet gate; the outer end of the upstream low-level fishway is provided with a low-level fishway fish outlet and a low-level fishway fish outlet gate, and the outer end of the downstream low-level fishway is provided with a low-level fishway fish inlet and a low-level fishway fish inlet gate.
[0013] Furthermore, in the fishway with a central transfer station designed in coordination with the ship lock, the central transfer station includes an upper pool, upper pool connecting holes, upper pool connecting hole gates, fish blocking nets, a lower pool, lower pool connecting holes, lower pool connecting hole gates, inflatable strips, revolving doors, floating buoys, floating buoy piers, fish attracting lights, automatic tensioners, limiting ropes, and revolving door shafts; the upper pool is connected to the ship lock chamber through the upper pool connecting holes, and an upper pool connecting hole gate and a fish blocking net are installed at the upper pool connecting holes; the lower pool is connected to the ship lock chamber through the lower pool connecting holes, and a lower pool connecting hole gate is installed at the lower pool connecting holes; a revolving door for realizing the mutual conversion between the upper pool and the lower pool is arranged at the center of the central transfer station, and inflatable strips are arranged on three sides at both ends and the bottom of the revolving door; a floating buoy pier is installed at the bottom end of the revolving door, and a floating buoy is connected to the revolving door shaft, the bottom of the central transfer station, and the floating buoy pier through limiting ropes; an automatic tensioner for the length of the limiting ropes is installed at the top end of the revolving door; the fish attracting lights are arranged at the connection of the upstream high-level fishway, the upstream low-level fishway, and the central transfer station.
[0014] Furthermore, in the fishway with a central transfer station designed in coordination with the ship lock, the central transfer station is located in the middle of the fish inlet and fish outlet of the high-level fishway and is arranged adjacent to the ship lock chamber, and the central transfer station is a circular concrete structure; two semi-circular floating buoys are respectively placed in the upper pool and the lower pool of the central transfer station, the radius of the floating buoy is r, the inner diameter of the central transfer station is R, and R = r + 5m; the floating buoy can move up and down.
[0015] Furthermore, in the fishway with a central transfer station designed in coordination with the ship lock, the fish inlet of the high-level fishway and the fish inlet of the low-level fishway are arranged adjacent to each other and are located at the head bank of the tail water channel of the power house; the upstream high-level fishway and the upstream low-level fishway are arranged perpendicular to the axis of the dam, the downstream high-level fishway and the downstream low-level fishway are arranged parallel to the axis of the dam, and the upstream and downstream fishways are connected through the central transfer station; the main bodies of the downstream low-level fishway and the upstream low-level fishway are respectively located below the downstream high-level fishway and the upstream high-level fishway and are arranged in parallel; the elevations of the connection ports of the downstream low-level fishway and the downstream high-level fishway with the lower pool in the central transfer station are h3 and h4 respectively, and the connection positions are both located at the bottom of the central transfer station; the elevations of the connection ports of the upstream low-level fishway and the upstream high-level fishway with the upper pool in the central transfer station are h5 and h6 respectively, and the connection positions are both located at the top of the central transfer station, and it is necessary to satisfy h3 < h4 < h5 < h6. The top elevation of the upper pool connecting hole and the lower pool connecting hole is h1, the top elevation of the floating buoy pier is h2, and it is necessary to satisfy h1 < h2; the thickness of the floating buoy is a, and it is necessary to satisfy h2 + a + 3m = h3; the height change range of the floating buoy is h3 - 3m to h6 - 3m.
[0016] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned fishway with a central transfer station designed in coordination with the ship lock, when the inflatable strip is not inflated, the revolving door boundary is 5m away from the central transfer station, and the revolving door can rotate and pass water; after the inflatable strip is inflated, the revolving door can be fixed in any position and stop water.
[0017] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned fishway with a central transfer station designed in coordination with the ship lock, the ship lock operation rules are as follows:
[0018] 1) The initial state is that the upper gate of the ship lock is closed, the water level in the lock chamber is the same as that downstream, and the ships are assembled in the pilot channel below the lock. The time at this time is T1;
[0019] 2) The lower gate of the ship lock is opened, the ship enters the lock chamber, and the lower gate of the ship lock is closed. The time is T2. The water in the reservoir is introduced into the lock chamber through the lock filling system until the water level is the same as the upstream reservoir. The time is T3. The upper gate of the ship lock is opened, and the ship in the lock chamber sails out to the upstream reservoir. The time is T4.
[0020] 3) The ships assembled in the upper pilot channel of the ship lock enter the lock chamber, and the upper gate of the ship lock is closed. The time is T5. The water in the lock chamber is discharged downstream through the lock discharge system until it reaches the same level as the downstream water level. The time is T6. The lower gate of the ship lock is opened, and the ships in the lock chamber sail out to the downstream. The time is T7.
[0021] 4) Repeat the above steps 1) to 3) to carry out reciprocating ship movement, that is, T1 assembly → T2 entry → T3 filling → T4 exit → T5 entry → T6 discharge → T7 exit → T1 assembly.
[0022] The present invention provides a method for operating a fishway during flood season, comprising the following steps:
[0023] S1. According to the reservoir operation rules during the flood season, the water level in the upstream reservoir is relatively low. Due to the large flow, the water level in the downstream is relatively high. Therefore, the fish are introduced through the downstream high-level fishway and discharged through the upstream low-level fishway. The gates of the low-level fishway outlet and the high-level fishway inlet are opened, and the gates of the high-level fishway outlet and the low-level fishway inlet are closed.
[0024] S2, the revolving door is in the initial state, that is, it forms an angle of 45° with the axis of the dam and divides the upstream and downstream fishways into the upper pool and the lower pool. At this time, the inflatable strip is not inflated, and the water flows through the upstream low-level fishway into the central transfer station, then enters the lower pool from the upper pool, and then flows out through the downstream high-level fishway to meet the fish flow rate. The fish begin to enter the downstream high-level fishway to the lower pool; at this time, the upper limit rope and the automatic tensioner control the lower pool float top elevation at h3-3m;
[0025] S3, during the period when the downstream ships gather T1 and enter T2, before the lock chamber is filled with water T3, the revolving door is rotated 180 degrees, that is, the lower pool where a certain number of fish are gathered is converted into the upper pool, and the original upper pool is converted into the lower pool, and then the inflatable strip of the revolving door is inflated to achieve a water-stopping effect;
[0026] S4, during the period from the ship lock chamber filling with water T3 → the ship sailing out to the upper reservoir T4 → the upstream ship sailing into the ship lock chamber T5, that is, during the period when the water level of the ship lock chamber is the same as the water level of the upstream reservoir, the water level of the upper pool is slowly raised to h5+b by controlling the opening of the gate of the upper pool connecting hole, where b is the height of the water flow passing through the fish, in meters; the gate of the upper pool connecting hole is closed; while the water level of the upper pool is rising, the upper pool float top elevation is controlled to h5-3m by the limiter, and the fish attracting light at the connection between the upstream low-level fishway and the central control room is turned on to allow the fish to enter the upstream low-level fishway and then enter the upper reservoir;
[0027] S5, while step S4 is being performed, using the high water level of the ship lock chamber to control the gate opening of the lower pool connecting hole to allow the water flow from the ship lock chamber to enter the lower pool, and then enter the downstream high-level fishway to meet the fish flow rate. While the fish in the upper pool swim to the upper reservoir, the fish in the downstream continuously swim into the lower pool;
[0028] S6. Between the start of water discharge from the lock chamber T6 and the re-entry of the downstream ship into the lock chamber T2, the inflatable strip of the revolving door is deflated to allow the water in the upper pool to flow to the lower pool until the water levels of the upper and lower pools are the same. At this time, the conditions are the same as in step S2. Repeat the above steps to achieve uninterrupted fish passage in coordination with the lock.
[0029] The present invention provides a method for operating a fishway in a non-flood season, comprising the following steps:
[0030] S1. According to the operation rules of reservoir scheduling in the non-flood season, the water level in the upstream reservoir is at the normal storage level, and the water level in the downstream depends on the size of the discharge flow. Therefore, a working condition is selected in which the downstream low-level fishway is selected to let fish in and the upstream high-level fishway is selected to let fish out when the discharge force is small, that is, the gates of the high-level fishway outlet and the low-level fishway inlet are opened, and the gates of the low-level fishway outlet and the high-level fishway inlet are closed;
[0031] S2, the revolving door is in the initial state, that is, it forms an angle of 45° with the axis of the dam and divides the upstream and downstream fishways into the upper pool and the lower pool. At this time, the inflatable strip is not inflated, and the water flows through the upstream low-level fishway into the central transfer station, then enters the lower pool from the upper pool, and then flows out through the downstream high-level fishway to meet the fish flow rate. The fish begin to enter the downstream high-level fishway to the lower pool; at this time, the upper limit rope and the automatic tensioner control the lower pool float top elevation at h3-3m;
[0032] S3, during the period when the downstream ships gather T1 and enter T2, before the lock chamber is filled with water T3, the revolving door is rotated 180 degrees, that is, the lower pool where a certain number of fish are gathered is converted into the upper pool, and the original upper pool is converted into the lower pool, and then the inflatable strip of the revolving door is inflated to achieve a water-stopping effect;
[0033] S4, during the period from the ship lock chamber filling with water T3 → the ship sailing out to the upper reservoir T4 → the upstream ship sailing into the ship lock chamber T5, that is, during the period when the water level of the ship lock chamber is the same as the water level of the upstream reservoir, the water level of the upper pool is slowly raised to h5+b by controlling the opening of the gate of the upper pool connecting hole, where b is the height of the water flow passing through the fish, in meters; the gate of the upper pool connecting hole is closed; while the water level of the upper pool is rising, the upper pool float top elevation is controlled to h5-3m by the limiter, and the fish attracting light at the connection between the upstream low-level fishway and the central control room is turned on to allow the fish to enter the upstream low-level fishway and then enter the upper reservoir;
[0034] S5, while step S4 is being performed, using the high water level of the ship lock chamber to control the gate opening of the lower pool connecting hole to allow the water flow from the ship lock chamber to enter the lower pool, and then enter the downstream high-level fishway to meet the fish flow rate. While the fish in the upper pool swim to the upper reservoir, the fish in the downstream continuously swim into the lower pool;
[0035] S6. Between the start of water discharge from the lock chamber T6 and the re-entry of the downstream ship into the lock chamber T2, the inflatable strip of the revolving door is deflated to allow the water in the upper pool to flow to the lower pool until the water levels of the upper and lower pools are the same. At this time, the conditions are the same as in step S2. Repeat the above steps to achieve uninterrupted fish passage in coordination with the lock.
[0036] Further, in step S4, in order to meet the living habits of fish, the speed of the water level rise in the upper pool should be controlled when the gate of the upper pool connecting hole is opened to fill the upper pool with water. The calculation formula is as follows:
[0037]
[0038] in:
[0039] μ c —pipeline system flow coefficient;
[0040] A—cross-sectional area of the upper pool connecting hole;
[0041] S—cross-sectional area of upper pool / lower pool, S=0.5πR 2 ;
[0042] t—water filling time.
[0043] It can be seen from the above formula that the rising speed of the water level in the upper pool is positively correlated with the orifice area A of the upper pool connecting hole and the cross-sectional area S of the upper pool (lower pool), and is negatively correlated with the water filling time t. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the overall layout of the fishway of the present invention and reasonably control the opening of the connecting hole gate at the beginning of water filling to avoid the water level in the upper pool rising too fast.
[0044] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0045] 1. The present invention provides a combined fishway, which consists of a fishway and a central transfer station capable of vertically lifting fish, taking into account the advantages of both the ecological science of traditional fishways and the high-efficiency lifting of fish lifts.
[0046] 2. The present invention controls the water levels of the upper and lower pools in the central control room to meet the height difference of the upper and lower reservoirs for fish to pass through, thereby greatly reducing the length of the fishway, avoiding the influence of land occupation or building layout interference, saving land occupation and engineering workload.
[0047] 3. The present invention achieves the fish lifting height requirement by utilizing the potential energy of the water discarded in the lock chamber. Unlike conventional fish lifts, it does not require additional energy consumption and is green and environmentally friendly.
[0048] 4. The present invention promotes fish to enter the upstream through the central control room, reduces the fish's swimming path, and at the same time, the central control room provides rest space and time for the fish, thereby improving the fish passing efficiency and survival rate.
[0049] 5. The present invention sets up an upstream and downstream double fishway system, that is, an upstream high-level fishway and an upstream low-level fishway are set upstream of the central control room, and a downstream high-level fishway and a downstream low-level fishway are set downstream of the central control room. This can meet the fish passing requirements of different upstream and downstream water levels such as flood season and non-flood season, and share a central control room to lift fish. The overall layout system is efficient.
[0050] 6. The present invention can gather the fish in the upper pool of the entire central control room to the interface between the upstream fishway and the central control room by controlling the height of the float in the upper pool, and then use fish attracting facilities to make it easier for the fish to find the entrance, thereby achieving more efficient fish passing.
[0051] 7. The present invention utilizes the high water level period (T3-T5) of the ship lock chamber to effectively control the rising speed of the upper pool water level by adjusting the gate opening of the upper pool connecting hole, so as to meet the living habits of fish and avoid harm to fish due to excessive water level fluctuations.
[0052] 8. Since the fishway of the present invention mainly utilizes the amplitude variation of the water level in the lock chamber to achieve fish passage, it can adapt to fishways with various high and low water heads, simply by adjusting the height of the central transfer station.
[0053] 9. The present invention can increase the number of upstream and downstream fishways and change the type of fishways. The fishway type can be customized for different fish species, such as slope, fishway structure layout and fishway pool bottom material, to meet the migration needs of different types of fish.
[0054] Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the above advantages at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0055] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for describing the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.
[0056] Figure 1 It is the general plan layout of the fishway;
[0057] Figure 2 It is the expanded cross-section of the fishway;
[0058] Figure 3 It is the lock operation time node-water level diagram;
[0059] Figure 4 This is the working diagram of the float limit rope;
[0060] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the revolving door in the uninflated state;
[0061] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the revolving door inflated state;
[0062] Figure 7 This is the first stage diagram of the fishway operation (initial state);
[0063] Figure 8 This is a diagram of the second stage of fishway operation (entering the lower pool);
[0064] Fig. 9 This is a diagram of the third stage of fishway operation (upper and lower pool conversion);
[0065] Fig.10 This is a diagram of the fourth stage of fishway operation (lifting the upper pond to pass fish);
[0066] Fig.11 This is the fifth stage diagram of the fishway operation (the upper pool is lowered to the initial state);
[0067] In the accompanying drawings, the reference numerals of the various components are as follows:
[0068] 1- ship lock, 12- ship lock upper pilot channel, 13- ship lock upper gate, 14- ship lock upper gate gate, 15- ship lock chamber, 16- ship lock lower gate, 17- ship lock lower gate, 18- ship lock lower pilot channel, 2- high-level fishway, 21- upstream high-level fishway, 22- downstream high-level fishway, 23- high-level fishway fish outlet, 24- high-level fishway fish outlet gate, 25- high-level fishway fish inlet, 26- high-level fishway fish inlet gate, 3- low-level fishway, 31- upstream low-level fishway, 32- downstream low-level fishway, 33- low-level fishway fish outlet, 34-low fishway outlet gate, 35-low fishway inlet, 36-low fishway inlet gate, 4-central transfer station, 41-upper pool, 42-upper pool connecting hole, 43-upper pool connecting hole gate, 44-fish blocking net, 45-lower pool, 46-lower pool connecting hole, 47-lower pool connecting hole gate, 48-inflatable strip, 49-revolving door, 50-float, 51-float pier, 52-fish attracting light, 53-automatic tensioner, 54-limiting rope, 55-revolving door shaft, 5-dam, 6-plant, plant tailwater channel 61. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0069] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0070] Embodiment 1
[0071] like Figure 1-Figure 11 As shown, this embodiment provides a fishway with a central transfer station designed in coordination with a ship lock, comprising a ship lock 1, a high-level fishway 2, a low-level fishway 3, a central transfer station 4, a dam 5 and a powerhouse 6; the ship lock 1 is arranged on the bank of the river channel, and the high-level fishway 2 and the low-level fishway 3 are arranged between the ship lock 1 and the powerhouse 6; a powerhouse tailwater channel 61 is provided at the tail end of the powerhouse 6, and the high-level fishway 2 and the low-level fishway 3 are connected with the ship lock 1 and the powerhouse tailwater channel 61 through the central transfer station 4.
[0072] In this embodiment, the lock 1 is provided with an upper navigation channel 12, an upper lock head 13 with an upper lock head gate 14, a lock chamber 15, a lower lock head 16 with a lower lock head gate 17, and a lower navigation channel 18 from front to back.
[0073] In this embodiment, the high-level fishway 2 includes an upstream high-level fishway 21, a downstream high-level fishway 22, a high-level fishway fish outlet 23, a high-level fishway fish outlet gate 24, a high-level fishway fish inlet 25 and a high-level fishway fish inlet gate 26; the outer end of the upstream high-level fishway 21 is provided with a high-level fishway fish outlet 23 and a high-level fishway fish outlet gate 24, and the outer end of the downstream high-level fishway 22 is provided with a high-level fishway fish inlet 25 and a high-level fishway fish inlet gate 26.
[0074] In this embodiment, the low-level fishway 3 includes an upstream low-level fishway 31, a downstream low-level fishway 32, a low-level fishway fish outlet 33, a low-level fishway fish outlet gate 34, a low-level fishway fish inlet 35 and a low-level fishway fish inlet gate 36; the outer end of the upstream low-level fishway 31 is provided with a low-level fishway fish outlet 33 and a low-level fishway fish outlet gate 34, and the outer end of the downstream low-level fishway 32 is provided with a low-level fishway fish inlet 35 and a low-level fishway fish inlet gate 36.
[0075] In this embodiment, the central transfer station 4 includes an upper pool 41, an upper pool connecting hole 42, an upper pool connecting hole gate 43, a fish blocking net 44, a lower pool 45, a lower pool connecting hole 46, a lower pool connecting hole gate 47, an inflatable strip 48, a revolving door 49, a float 50, a float support pier 51, a fish attracting light 52, an automatic tensioner 53, a limit rope 54 and a revolving door shaft 55; the upper pool 41 is connected to the ship lock chamber 15 through the upper pool connecting hole 42, and the upper pool connecting hole gate 43 and the fish blocking net 44 are installed at the upper pool connecting hole 42, the lower pool 45 is connected to the ship lock chamber 15 through the lower pool connecting hole 46, and the lower pool connecting hole 46 is installed There is a lower pool connecting hole gate 47, and a revolving door 49 for realizing mutual conversion between the upper pool 41 and the lower pool 45 is arranged in the center of the central transfer station 4. Inflatable strips 48 are arranged at both ends and three sides of the bottom of the revolving door 49; a floating pier 51 is installed at the bottom end of the revolving door 49, and the revolving door shaft 55 of the revolving door 49, the bottom of the central transfer station 4 and the floating pier 51 are connected with a float 50 through a limiting rope 54, and an automatic tensioner 53 for limiting the length of the rope 54 is installed at the top of the revolving door 49; a fish-attracting light 52 is arranged at the connection between the upstream high-level fishway 21, the upstream low-level fishway 31 and the central transfer station 4.
[0076] In this embodiment, the central transfer station 4 is located between the high-level fishway fish inlet 25 and the high-level fishway fish outlet 23, and is arranged adjacent to the lock chamber 15. The central transfer station 4 is a circular concrete structure; two semicircular floats 50 are respectively placed in the upper pool 41 and the lower pool 45 of the central transfer station 4, the float radius is r, the inner diameter of the central transfer station 4 is R, R=r+5m; the float 50 can move up and down.
[0077] In this embodiment, the high-level fishway inlet 25 and the low-level fishway inlet 35 are arranged adjacent to each other and are located at the bank of the head of the tailrace channel 61 of the power house; the upstream high-level fishway 21 and the upstream low-level fishway 31 are arranged perpendicular to the axis of the dam 5, and the downstream high-level fishway 22 and the downstream low-level fishway 32 are arranged parallel to the axis of the dam 5. The upstream and downstream fishways are connected by the central transfer station 4; the main bodies of the downstream low-level fishway 32 and the upstream low-level fishway 31 are respectively located below the downstream high-level fishway 22 and the upstream high-level fishway 21 and are arranged in parallel; the elevations of the connection ports of the downstream low-level fishway 32 and the downstream high-level fishway 22 with the lower pool 45 in the central transfer station 4 are h3 and h4 respectively, and the connection positions are both at the bottom of the central transfer station 4; the elevations of the connection ports of the upstream low-level fishway 31 and the upstream high-level fishway 21 with the upper pool in the central transfer station 4 are h5 and h6 respectively, and the connection positions are both at the top of the central transfer station 4, and it is necessary to satisfy h3 < h4 < h5 < h6. The top elevation of the upper pool connection hole 42 and the lower pool connection hole 46 is h1, and the top elevation of the float pier 51 is h2, and it is necessary to satisfy h1 < h2; the thickness of the float 50 is a, and it is necessary to satisfy h2 + a + 3m = h3; the height variation range of the float is h3 - 3m to h6 - 3m.
[0078] In this embodiment, when the inflatable strip 48 is not inflated, the boundary of the revolving door 49 is 5 m away from the central transfer station, and the revolving door 49 can rotate and let water pass through; after the inflatable strip 48 is inflated, the revolving door 49 can be fixed at any position and stop water.
[0079] The operation rules of the ship lock are as follows:
[0080] 1) The initial state is that the upper lock gate 14 of the ship lock is closed, the water level in the lock chamber 15 of the ship lock is the same as that of the downstream, and the ships are assembled in the lower approach channel 18 of the ship lock. At this time, the time is T1;
[0081] 2) Open the lower lock gate 17 of the ship lock, the ship enters the lock chamber 15 of the ship lock, and close the lower lock gate 17 of the ship lock. At this time, the time is T2; introduce the water in the reservoir into the lock chamber 15 of the ship lock through the ship lock filling system until it is the same as the upstream reservoir water level. At this time, the time is T3; open the upper lock gate 14 of the ship lock, and the ship in the lock chamber 15 of the ship lock sails out into the upstream reservoir. At this time, the time is T4;
[0082] 3) The ships assembled in the upper approach channel 12 of the ship lock sail into the lock chamber 15 of the ship lock, and close the upper lock gate 14 of the ship lock. At this time, the time is T5; discharge the water in the lock chamber 15 of the ship lock downstream through the ship lock drainage system until it is the same as the downstream water level. At this time, the time is T6; open the lower lock gate 17 of the ship lock, and the ship in the lock chamber 15 of the ship lock sails out to the downstream. At this time, the time is T7;
[0083] 4) Repeat the above steps 1) to 3) to pass ships reciprocally, that is, T1 assembly → T2 entry → T3 filling → T4 exit → T5 entry → T6 drainage → T7 exit → T1 assembly.
[0084] This embodiment provides a method for passing fish during flood season, and the specific steps are as follows:
[0085] S1. During the flood season, the water level in the upper reaches of the reservoir is low, and the water level in the lower reaches is high. The lower high-level fishway 22 is used to bring in fish, and the upper low-level fishway 31 is used to discharge fish. The gate 34 at the fish outlet of the lower fishway and the gate 25 at the fish inlet of the upper fishway are opened, and the gate 24 at the fish outlet of the higher fishway and the gate 36 at the fish inlet of the lower fishway are closed.
[0086] S2, the revolving door 49 is in the initial state, that is, it forms an angle of 45° with the axis of the dam and divides the upstream and downstream fishways into an upper pool and a lower pool. At this time, the inflatable strip 48 is not inflated, and the water flows through the upstream low-level fishway 31 into the central transfer station 4, and then enters the lower pool 45 from the upper pool 41, and then flows out through the downstream high-level fishway 22 to meet the fish flow rate. The fish begin to enter the downstream high-level fishway 22 to the lower pool 45. At this time, the top elevation of the float 50 of the lower pool 45 is controlled at h3-3m by the limit rope 54 and the automatic tensioner 53;
[0087] S3, while the downstream ships are gathering (T1) and entering (T2), before the lock chamber is filled with water (T3), the revolving door 49 is rotated 180 degrees, that is, the lower pool 45 where a certain number of fish are gathered is converted into the upper pool 41, and the original upper pool 41 is converted into the lower pool 45, and then the inflatable strip 48 of the revolving door 49 is inflated to stop water;
[0088] S4, during the period from the ship lock chamber 15 filling with water (T3) to the ship sailing out to the upper reservoir (T4) to the upstream ship sailing into the ship lock chamber 15 (T5), that is, during the period when the water level of the ship lock chamber 15 is the same as the water level of the upstream reservoir, the upper pool water level is slowly raised to h5+b (the height of the fish flow) by controlling the opening of the upper pool connecting hole gate 43, and then the upper pool connecting hole gate 43 is closed. While the water level of the upper pool 41 is rising, the upper pool float 50 is controlled to reach an elevation of h5-3m by the limit rope 54 and the automatic tensioner 53, and the fish attracting light 52 at the connection between the upstream low-level fishway 31 and the central control room 4 is turned on to allow the fish to enter the upstream low-level fishway 31 and then enter the upper reservoir;
[0089] S5, while step S4 is being performed, the high water level of the ship lock chamber 15 is used to control the opening of the gate 47 of the lower pool communication hole to allow the water flow of the ship lock chamber 15 to enter the lower pool 45, and then enter the downstream high-level fishway 22, so as to meet the fish flow rate. While the fish in the upper pool 41 swim to the upper reservoir, the downstream fish swim into the lower pool 45 continuously;
[0090] S6. Between the time when the lock chamber 15 begins to release water (T6) and the time when the downstream ship re-enters the lock chamber 15 (T2), the inflatable strip 48 of the revolving door 49 is deflated to allow the water in the upper pool 41 to flow into the lower pool 45 until the water levels of the two pools are the same. At this time, the conditions are the same as in S2, and steps S2-S6 are repeated to achieve uninterrupted fish passage in coordination with the lock 1.
[0091] In the above step S4, in order to meet the living habits of fish, when the gate 43 of the upper pool communication hole is opened to fill the upper pool 41 with water, the rising speed of the water level in the upper pool 41 should be controlled, and the calculation formula is as follows:
[0092]
[0093] in:
[0094] μ c —pipeline system flow coefficient;
[0095] A—cross-sectional area of the upper pool connecting hole 42;
[0096] S—cross-sectional area of upper pool 41 (lower pool 45), S=0.5πR 2 ;
[0097] t—water filling time.
[0098] It can be seen from the above formula that the rising speed of the water level in the upper pool 41 is positively correlated with the orifice area A of the upper pool connecting hole 42 and the cross-sectional area S of the upper pool 41 (lower pool 45), and is negatively correlated with the filling time t. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the overall layout of the fishway of the present invention and reasonably control the opening of the connecting hole gate at the beginning of water filling to avoid the water level in the upper pool 41 from rising too quickly.
[0099] Embodiment 2
[0100] This embodiment provides a method for passing fish with a small flow rate during a non-flood season. The difference between this method and the method for passing fish during a flood season in the first embodiment is that the water level of the upstream reservoir is at a normal storage level during a non-flood season, and the water level of the downstream is lower during a small flow rate. At this time, the relevant part of step S1 is replaced by: using the upstream high-level fishway 21 to discharge fish and the downstream low-level fishway 32 to admit fish: that is, opening the high-level fishway fish outlet gate 24 and the low-level fishway fish inlet gate 36, and closing the low-level fishway fish outlet gate 34 and the high-level fishway fish inlet gate 26. The remaining steps remain unchanged.
[0101] Embodiment 3
[0102] This embodiment provides a method for passing fish with large flow in non-flood season, which is different from the method for passing fish in flood season in the first embodiment in that the water level of the upstream reservoir is at the normal storage level in non-flood season, and the water level of the downstream is higher during large flow. At this time, the relevant part in step S1 is replaced by: using the upstream high-level fishway 21 to discharge fish and the downstream high-level fishway 22 to take fish in: that is, opening the high-level fishway fish outlet gate 24 and the high-level fishway fish inlet gate 26, and closing the low-level fishway fish outlet gate 34 and the low-level fishway fish inlet gate 36. The remaining steps remain unchanged.
[0103] Embodiment 4
[0104] Compared with the first embodiment, this embodiment has the following improvements:
[0105] Since the central transfer station 4 is used as a secondary hub and each fishway is relatively short, multiple independent fishways can be set up at the same time. Therefore, the fishways can be customized according to different types of fish in the reservoir. For example, larger fishways are used with larger sections, slopes and flow rates, while small fishways are used with smaller sections, slopes and flow rates, to meet different fish passing requirements.
[0106] Embodiment 5
[0107] Compared with the first embodiment, this embodiment has the following improvements:
[0108] According to the operating water level characteristics of the reservoir, in order to meet the fish passing requirements at each operating water level, multiple parallel fishways at different elevations can be set up. The number is not limited to 2 each for upstream and downstream, but can be 3, 4 or more than 5 to form different upstream and downstream combinations.
[0109] Embodiment 6
[0110] Compared with the first embodiment, this embodiment has the following improvements:
[0111] If the hub is not equipped with a ship lock 1, the central transfer station 4 can be set up downstream of the dam 5 and close to the dam 5. A water inlet can be set on the dam 5 to connect to the central transfer station 4 instead of the upper pool connecting hole 42. The water in the upstream reservoir can be directly used to realize the fish lifting function of the central transfer station 4. At the same time, a separate drainage channel can be set up to connect to the downstream river for water release.
[0112] Embodiment 7
[0113] Compared with the first embodiment, this embodiment has the following improvements:
[0114] The upstream high-level fishway 21 or the upstream low-level fishway 31 always has the function of allowing the water to flow downstream to enter the central transfer station 4 for passing fish. When the water flows into the central transfer station 4, there is turbulence, which can lure fish into the upstream fishway. For certain situations, the setting of the fish-attracting light 52 can be cancelled according to specific tests.
[0115] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help explain the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to specific implementation methods. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims
1. A fishway with a central transfer station designed in conjunction with a ship lock, characterized in that: It includes a ship lock, a high-level fishway, a low-level fishway, a central transfer station, a dam and a powerhouse; the ship lock is arranged on the bank of the river, and the high-level fishway and the low-level fishway are arranged between the ship lock and the powerhouse; a powerhouse tailwater channel is provided at the tail end of the powerhouse, and the high-level fishway and the low-level fishway are connected with the ship lock and the powerhouse tailwater channel through the central transfer station.
2. The fishway with a central transfer station designed in coordination with a ship lock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ship lock is provided with an upper navigation channel, an upper lock head with an upper lock head gate, a ship lock chamber, a lower lock head with a lower lock head gate and a lower navigation channel from upstream to downstream.
3. The fishway with a central transfer station designed in coordination with a ship lock according to claim 2, characterized in that: The high-level fishway includes an upstream high-level fishway, a downstream high-level fishway, a high-level fishway fish outlet, a high-level fishway fish outlet gate, a high-level fishway fish inlet and a high-level fishway fish outlet gate; the outer end of the upstream high-level fishway is provided with a high-level fishway fish outlet and a high-level fishway fish outlet gate, and the outer end of the downstream high-level fishway is provided with a high-level fishway fish inlet and a high-level fishway fish inlet gate.
4. The fishway with a central transfer station designed in coordination with a ship lock according to claim 3, characterized in that: The low-level fishway includes an upstream low-level fishway, a downstream low-level fishway, a low-level fishway fish outlet, a low-level fishway fish outlet gate, a low-level fishway fish inlet and a low-level fishway fish outlet gate; the outer end of the upstream low-level fishway is provided with a low-level fishway fish outlet and a low-level fishway fish outlet gate, and the outer end of the downstream low-level fishway is provided with a low-level fishway fish inlet and a low-level fishway fish inlet gate.
5. The fishway with a central transfer station designed in coordination with a ship lock according to claim 4, characterized in that: The central transfer station comprises an upper pool, an upper pool connecting hole, an upper pool connecting hole gate, a fish blocking net, a lower pool, a lower pool connecting hole, a lower pool connecting hole gate, an inflatable strip, a revolving door, a float, a float pier, a fish attracting light, an automatic tensioner, a limit rope and a revolving door shaft; the upper pool is connected to the ship lock chamber through the upper pool connecting hole, and the upper pool connecting hole gate and the fish blocking net are installed at the upper pool connecting hole; the lower pool is connected to the ship lock chamber through the lower pool connecting hole, and the lower pool connecting hole gate is installed at the lower pool connecting hole. A revolving door for realizing mutual conversion between the upper pool and the lower pool is arranged in the center of the central transfer station, and inflatable strips are arranged at both ends and three sides of the bottom of the revolving door; a floating pier is installed at the bottom end of the revolving door, and the revolving door shaft of the revolving door, the bottom of the central transfer station and the floating pier are connected with a float through a limiting rope, and an automatic tensioner for limiting the length of the rope is installed at the top of the revolving door; the fish attracting light is arranged at the connection between the upstream high-position fishway, the upstream low-position fishway and the central transfer station.
6. The fishway with a central transfer station designed in coordination with a ship lock according to claim 5, characterized in that: The central transfer station is located between the high-level fishway fish entrance and the high-level fishway fish exit, and is arranged adjacent to the ship lock chamber. The central transfer station is a circular concrete structure. Two semicircular floats are placed in the upper pool and the lower pool of the central transfer station respectively. The float radius is r, and the inner diameter of the central transfer station is R, R=r+5cm; the float can move up and down.
7. The fishway with a central transfer station designed in coordination with a ship lock according to claim 6, characterized in that: The high-level fishway inlet and the low-level fishway inlet are arranged adjacent to each other and are located on the bank at the head of the tailrace of the power house; the upstream high-level fishway and the upstream low-level fishway are arranged perpendicular to the axis of the dam, and the downstream high-level fishway and the downstream low-level fishway are arranged parallel to the axis of the dam. The upstream and downstream fishways are connected through a central transfer station; the main bodies of the downstream low-level fishway and the upstream low-level fishway are respectively located below the downstream high-level fishway and the upstream high-level fishway and are arranged in parallel; the elevations of the connection ports of the downstream low-level fishway and the downstream high-level fishway with the lower pool in the central transfer station are h3 and h4 respectively, and the connection positions are both at the bottom of the central transfer station; the elevations of the connection ports of the upstream low-level fishway and the upstream high-level fishway with the upper pool in the central transfer station are h5 and h6 respectively, and the connection positions are both at the top of the central transfer station, and it is necessary to satisfy h3 < h4 < h5 < h6; the top elevation of the upper pool connection hole and the lower pool connection hole is h1, and the top elevation of the float pier is h2, and it is necessary to satisfy h1 < h2; the thickness of the float is a, and it is necessary to satisfy h2 + a + 3m = h3; the height change range of the float is from h3 - 3m to h6 - 3m.
8. The fishway with a central transfer station designed in coordination with a ship lock according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the inflatable strip is not inflated, the boundary of the revolving door is 5 cm away from the central transfer station, and the revolving door can rotate and let water through; after the inflatable strip is inflated, the revolving door can be fixed at any position and stop water.
9. The fishway with a central transfer station designed in coordination with a ship lock according to claim 8, characterized in that: The operation rules of the ship lock are as follows: 1) In the initial state, the gate of the upper lock head of the ship lock is closed, the water level in the lock chamber of the ship lock is the same as that of the downstream, and the ships are assembled in the lower approach channel of the ship lock. At this time, the time is T1; 2) Open the gate of the lower lock head of the ship lock, the ship enters the lock chamber of the ship lock, and close the gate of the lower lock head of the ship lock. At this time, the time is T2; Introduce the water in the reservoir into the lock chamber of the ship lock through the ship lock filling system until it is the same as the upstream reservoir water level. At this time, the time is T3; Open the gate of the upper lock head of the ship lock, and the ship in the lock chamber of the ship lock sails out into the upstream reservoir. At this time, the time is T4; 3) The ships assembled in the upper approach channel of the ship lock sail into the lock chamber of the ship lock, and close the gate of the upper lock head of the ship lock. At this time, the time is T5; Drain the water in the lock chamber of the ship lock downstream through the ship lock drainage system until it is the same as the downstream water level. At this time, the time is T6; Open the gate of the lower lock head of the ship lock, and the ship in the lock chamber of the ship lock sails out to the downstream. At this time, the time is T7; 4) Repeat the above steps 1) to 3) to pass ships back and forth, that is, T1 assembly → T2 entry → T3 filling → T4 exit → T5 entry → T6 drainage → T7 exit → T1 assembly.
10. The operation method of the fishway in flood season according to claim 9 includes the following steps: S1. According to the operation rules of reservoir regulation in flood season, the water level in the upstream reservoir is relatively low, and due to the large flow, the water level in the downstream is relatively high. Therefore, the downstream high-level fishway is used for fish entry, and the upstream low-level fishway is used for fish exit. Open the gates of the low-level fishway fish exit and the high-level fishway fish entry, and close the gates of the high-level fishway fish exit and the low-level fishway fish entry; S2, the revolving door is in the initial state, that is, it forms an angle of 45° with the axis of the dam and divides the upstream and downstream fishways into the upper pool and the lower pool. At this time, the inflatable strip is not inflated, and the water flows through the upstream low-level fishway into the central transfer station, then enters the lower pool from the upper pool, and then flows out through the downstream high-level fishway to meet the fish flow rate. The fish begin to enter the downstream high-level fishway to the lower pool; at this time, the upper limit rope and the automatic tensioner control the lower pool float top elevation at h3-3m; S3, during the period when the downstream ships gather T1 and enter T2, before the lock chamber is filled with water T3, the revolving door is rotated 180 degrees, that is, the lower pool where a certain number of fish are gathered is converted into the upper pool, and the original upper pool is converted into the lower pool, and then the inflatable strip of the revolving door is inflated to achieve a water-stopping effect; S4, during the period from the ship lock chamber filling with water T3 → the ship sailing out to the upper reservoir T4 → the upstream ship sailing into the ship lock chamber T5, that is, during the period when the water level of the ship lock chamber is the same as the water level of the upstream reservoir, the water level of the upper pool is slowly raised to h5+b by controlling the opening of the gate of the upper pool connecting hole, where b is the height of the water flow passing through the fish, in meters; the gate of the upper pool connecting hole is closed; while the water level of the upper pool is rising, the upper pool float top elevation is controlled to h5-3m by the limiter, and the fish attracting light at the connection between the upstream low-level fishway and the central control room is turned on to allow the fish to enter the upstream low-level fishway and then enter the upper reservoir; S5, while step S4 is being performed, using the high water level of the ship lock chamber to control the gate opening of the lower pool connecting hole to allow the water flow from the ship lock chamber to enter the lower pool, and then enter the downstream high-level fishway to meet the fish flow rate. While the fish in the upper pool swim to the upper reservoir, the fish in the downstream continuously swim into the lower pool; S6. Between the start of water discharge from the lock chamber T6 and the re-entry of the downstream ship into the lock chamber T2, the inflatable strip of the revolving door is deflated to allow the water in the upper pool to flow to the lower pool until the water levels of the upper and lower pools are the same. At this time, the conditions are the same as in step S2. Repeat the above steps to achieve uninterrupted fish passage in coordination with the lock.
11. The method for operating the fishway in the non-flood season according to claim 9, comprising the following steps: S1. According to the operation rules of reservoir scheduling in the non-flood season, the water level in the upstream reservoir is at the normal storage level, and the water level in the downstream depends on the size of the discharge flow. Therefore, a working condition is selected in which the downstream low-level fishway is selected to let fish in and the upstream high-level fishway is selected to let fish out when the discharge force is small, that is, the gates of the high-level fishway outlet and the low-level fishway inlet are opened, and the gates of the low-level fishway outlet and the high-level fishway inlet are closed; S2, the revolving door is in the initial state, that is, it forms an angle of 45° with the axis of the dam and divides the upstream and downstream fishways into the upper pool and the lower pool. At this time, the inflatable strip is not inflated, and the water flows through the upstream low-level fishway into the central transfer station, then enters the lower pool from the upper pool, and then flows out through the downstream high-level fishway to meet the fish flow rate. The fish begin to enter the downstream high-level fishway to the lower pool; at this time, the upper limit rope and the automatic tensioner control the lower pool float top elevation at h3-3m; S3, during the period when the downstream ships gather T1 and enter T2, before the lock chamber is filled with water T3, the revolving door is rotated 180 degrees, that is, the lower pool where a certain number of fish are gathered is converted into the upper pool, and the original upper pool is converted into the lower pool, and then the inflatable strip of the revolving door is inflated to achieve a water-stopping effect; S4, during the period from the ship lock chamber filling with water T3 → the ship sailing out to the upper reservoir T4 → the upstream ship sailing into the ship lock chamber T5, that is, during the period when the water level of the ship lock chamber is the same as the water level of the upstream reservoir, the water level of the upper pool is slowly raised to h5+b by controlling the opening of the gate of the upper pool connecting hole, where b is the height of the water flow passing through the fish, in meters; the gate of the upper pool connecting hole is closed; while the water level of the upper pool is rising, the upper pool float top elevation is controlled to h5-3m by the limiter, and the fish attracting light at the connection between the upstream low-level fishway and the central control room is turned on to allow the fish to enter the upstream low-level fishway and then enter the upper reservoir; S5, while step S4 is being performed, using the high water level of the ship lock chamber to control the gate opening of the lower pool connecting hole to allow the water flow from the ship lock chamber to enter the lower pool, and then enter the downstream high-level fishway to meet the fish flow rate. While the fish in the upper pool swim to the upper reservoir, the fish in the downstream continuously swim into the lower pool; S6. Between the start of water discharge from the lock chamber T6 and the re-entry of the downstream ship into the lock chamber T2, the inflatable strip of the revolving door is deflated to allow the water in the upper pool to flow to the lower pool until the water levels of the upper and lower pools are the same. At this time, the conditions are the same as in step S2. Repeat the above steps to achieve uninterrupted fish passage in coordination with the lock.
12. The operating method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that: In step S4, in order to meet the living habits of fish, the water level rising speed of the upper pool should be controlled when the gate of the upper pool connecting hole is opened to fill the upper pool with water. The calculation formula is as follows: in: μ c —pipeline system flow coefficient; A—cross-sectional area of the upper pool connecting hole; S—cross-sectional area of upper pool / lower pool, S=0.5πR 2 ; t—water filling time.