A tomato trough culture substrate and trough culture method for solar greenhouse in non-cultivated land in desert areas

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of vegetable cultivation technology, specifically to a substrate and method for cultivating tomatoes in greenhouses on non-arable land in desert areas. It comprises the following raw materials: nano-hydrogel-coconut coir, humic acid, crushed fermented rice husks, zinc sulfate, lime powder, Bacillus subtilis preparation, carboxymethyl cellulose, and sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer. The nano-hydrogel penetrates the pores of the coconut coir to form a three-dimensional network, enhancing water retention; sodium alginate and hydrogel construct a stable network through ionic cross-linking and hydrogen bonding, improving nutrient retention; the resin-hydrogel interface is optimized to promote water and nutrient transport; carboxymethyl cellulose regulates interfacial compatibility, maximizing synergistic effects. The multiple chemical bonds and physical network structure synergistically enhance water retention and slow-release properties, providing an ideal substrate for tomatoes in greenhouses in desert areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and in particular to a tomato trough cultivation substrate and a trough cultivation method in a solar greenhouse in a desert non-cultivated land. Background Art

[0002] At present, as an important part of facility agriculture, tomato trough cultivation in solar greenhouses in non-arable land in desert areas plays an important role in ensuring vegetable supply and improving agricultural efficiency. However, due to the dry climate and extreme water scarcity in desert areas, as well as the strong light and large temperature difference in greenhouses, traditional cultivation substrates are difficult to adapt to such extreme environmental conditions. In particular, in terms of water retention performance, existing substrates have serious deficiencies: First, although commonly used organic substrates (such as coconut bran, peat, etc.) have a certain water holding capacity, their water retention mechanism mainly relies on physical adsorption. Under high temperature and dry conditions, water is prone to rapid loss, resulting in a significant decrease in the water content of the substrate, which cannot meet the needs of continuous crop growth; secondly, the proportion of large pores in the substrate is too high, which is conducive to ventilation but not conducive to water storage, resulting in a large amount of irrigation water loss and low water utilization efficiency; thirdly, the bonding force between the substrate particles is weak, and structural damage is prone to occur during repeated infiltration and drying, forming a preferential flow path, which further aggravates water loss. These problems force growers to resort to frequent irrigation to maintain substrate moisture, which not only greatly increases water resource consumption and irrigation costs, but also easily causes drastic fluctuations in the root zone environment, affecting crop growth.

[0003] Closely related to water retention is the nutrient retention capacity of the matrix. As existing matrices lack an effective nutrient fixation mechanism, dissolved nutrients are easily lost with irrigation water, resulting in low fertilizer utilization. Even with the use of slow-release fertilizers, it is difficult to overcome the problem of too fast or uneven nutrient release. This situation is particularly prominent in desert areas, because frequent irrigation accelerates nutrient loss, while high temperature environments accelerate fertilizer decomposition. In addition, the unreasonable pore structure of the matrix will also affect root growth and nutrient absorption: too large pores are not conducive to capillary water formation and nutrient retention, while too small pores will limit root extension and nutrient diffusion. These factors together lead to low nutrient utilization efficiency and increased production costs.

[0004] Even more thorny is the problem of structural stability of existing substrates in greenhouse environments in desert areas. High temperature and dry conditions accelerate the decomposition of organic matter, causing the volume of the substrate to shrink significantly and become hardened. Once the physical structure of the substrate is destroyed, it not only affects the air permeability and water retention, but also causes uneven root distribution, affecting the crop's absorption of water and nutrients. At the same time, large temperature fluctuations in the greenhouse will cause the substrate to expand and contract repeatedly, accelerating structural deterioration. This structural instability seriously affects the service life of the substrate and increases the frequency and cost of replacing the substrate.

[0005] In addition, greenhouse cultivation in desert areas also faces the problem of difficult environmental regulation. Due to the significant temperature difference between day and night, the performance of the substrate will fluctuate with temperature changes. This fluctuation not only affects the stability of water and nutrient supply, but also causes stress to root growth. Especially in the high temperature period of summer, the surface temperature of the substrate can reach above 40°C, which can easily cause surface drying and salt accumulation, affecting crop growth. The combined effect of these problems makes the management of greenhouse cultivation in desert areas more difficult and limits production efficiency.

[0006] Therefore, developing a new trough culture matrix that adapts to the characteristics of desert areas, has excellent water and fertilizer retention properties, and has a stable structure is of great significance for improving the production efficiency and sustainability of facility agriculture in desert areas. Summary of the invention

[0007] (1) Technical issues to be resolved

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tomato trough culture substrate and trough culture method for non-cultivated land solar greenhouse in desert areas, which are used to solve the problem that traditional substrates have poor water retention in desert areas and require frequent irrigation, and improve the adaptability to the cultivation environment.

[0009] (2) Technical solution

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, on the one hand, the present invention provides a tomato trough culture substrate for non-cultivated land solar greenhouse in desert areas, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-55 parts of nano hydrogel-coconut bran, 8-12 parts of humic acid, 12-15 parts of crushed fermented rice husks, 0.5-1.0 parts of zinc sulfate, 2-3 parts of lime powder, 1-2 parts of Bacillus subtilis preparation, 2-3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, and 15-20 parts of sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer; the sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer uses nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer as the inner layer.

[0011] Furthermore, the preparation method of the sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated composite fertilizer comprises:

[0012] S11. Dissolve sodium alginate in deionized water, control the temperature at 40-50°C, stir at 200-300 r / min, and stir for 30-40 min to obtain a sodium alginate solution;

[0013] S12. dissolving the epoxy resin in xylene, adding the polyamide curing agent, stirring at room temperature for 15 to 30 minutes, stirring at a speed of 150 to 200 r / min, and standing for 10 minutes to obtain an epoxy resin coating solution;

[0014] S13. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is screened, and the particle size is controlled at 2~4mm to obtain the screened nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and the screened nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is dried at 60~70℃ for 2~3h, and cooled to room temperature to obtain a dried nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer;

[0015] S14. The dried nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is placed in a coating machine at a speed of 30 to 40 r / min, and the sodium alginate solution is sprayed at a spraying pressure of 0.2 MPa for 10 min to obtain a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer pre-coated with sodium alginate, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer pre-coated with sodium alginate is dried at 50 to 60 ° C for 30 to 45 min to obtain a dried nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer pre-coated with sodium alginate;

[0016] S15. The dried sodium alginate pre-coated nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer was re-added to the coating machine at a speed of 35 to 45 r / min, and the epoxy resin solution was evenly sprayed at a spraying pressure of 0.15 to 0.25 MPa for 15 to 20 min to obtain an epoxy resin-coated compound fertilizer;

[0017] S16. Curing the epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer in an oven at 60-70°C for 2-3 hours to obtain cured epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer, naturally cooling the cured epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer to room temperature to obtain cooled epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer, and standing the cooled epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer for 24 hours to obtain sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer.

[0018] Furthermore, the preparation method of the nano hydrogel-coconut bran comprises:

[0019] S21. sieving coconut bran through 40 mesh to obtain sieved coconut bran, drying the sieved coconut bran at 75-80 ° C for 4 h to obtain dried coconut bran, soaking the dried coconut bran with 0.1-0.15 mol / L NaOH solution for 2-3 h to obtain soaked coconut bran, washing the soaked coconut bran with deionized water to obtain washed coconut bran, and drying the washed coconut bran at 60-70 ° C for 12-24 h to obtain pretreated coconut bran;

[0020] S22. Dissolving acrylamide in deionized water to obtain an acrylamide solution, adding N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide to the acrylamide solution, and passing nitrogen for 30 to 40 minutes, stirring at room temperature to obtain a first mixed solution;

[0021] S23. Dissolving ammonium persulfate in deionized water to obtain an ammonium persulfate solution, dissolving N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine in deionized water to obtain an N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine solution, and passing nitrogen through the ammonium persulfate solution and the N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine solution for 15 to 30 minutes to obtain a pretreated ammonium persulfate solution and a N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine solution;

[0022] S24. The pretreated coconut bran is slowly added to the first mixed solution, and stirred at a stirring speed of 300 to 500 r / min for 30 to 45 min, and nitrogen is passed for 15 min to obtain a second mixed solution. The pretreated ammonium persulfate solution is added to the second mixed solution, and stirred for 5 to 10 min to obtain a third mixed solution. The pretreated N, N, N', N'-tetramethylethylenediamine solution is added to the third mixed solution, and the mixture is rapidly stirred for 2 to 5 min, and the temperature is controlled at 25 to 30 ° C to obtain a mixture;

[0023] S25. The mixture is poured into a mold, reacted at 40-50° C. for 4-5 h under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a first reaction mixture, and the first reaction mixture is reacted at 60-70° C. for 2-3 h to obtain a product;

[0024] S26. Cut the product into small pieces to obtain small pieces of product, wash the small pieces of product with ethanol three times to obtain a first washed product, wash the first washed product with deionized water to obtain a second washed product, vacuum dry the second washed product at 50-60° C. for 24-48 hours to obtain a dried product, grind the dried product into powder to obtain nano hydrogel-coconut bran.

[0025] On the other hand, based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a method for cultivating a tomato trough cultivation substrate in a solar greenhouse in a desert non-cultivated land, which is applied to the above-mentioned tomato trough cultivation substrate in a solar greenhouse in a desert non-cultivated land, and comprises the following steps:

[0026] S31. The rice husk is crushed to 3-5 mm to obtain crushed rice husk, EM bacteria is added to the crushed rice husk for fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 28-32 ° C, the fermentation time is 15-20 days, the pile is turned 2-3 times during the fermentation, and after the fermentation is completed, it is naturally dried to a moisture content of less than 30% to obtain crushed fermented rice husk;

[0027] S32. Weigh nano-hydrogel - coconut bran, humic acid, crushed fermented rice husk, zinc sulfate, lime powder, carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate - epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer in parts by weight, and mix the weighed materials using a biaxial mixer at a speed of 60 to 80 rpm for 20 to 30 min to obtain a mixed material;

[0028] S33. Dissolve the Bacillus subtilis preparation in a small amount of water to obtain a Bacillus subtilis preparation solution, spray the Bacillus subtilis preparation solution on the mixed materials, and stir for 10 to 15 minutes to obtain a tank culture matrix.

[0029] The mechanism of action of the above raw material components is as follows:

[0030] Nano hydrogel-coconut bran: It has strong water retention and storage capacity, which can not only continuously and stably supply water to plants, but also improve the aeration and water retention of the matrix. At the same time, the presence of coconut bran increases the looseness and organic matter content of the matrix, providing a good environment for root growth.

[0031] Humic acid: As a natural organic substance, it can improve the physical and chemical properties of the matrix, increase the cation exchange capacity, promote the effectiveness and absorption of nutrients, and at the same time has the ability to chelate metal ions, which can regulate the release rate of nutrients, stimulate the development of plant roots, and improve the plant's resistance to stress and nutrient absorption efficiency.

[0032] Crushed and fermented rice husks: Rice husks fermented by microorganisms not only provide a good physical structure to ensure the air permeability and looseness of the matrix, but are also rich in beneficial microorganisms and their metabolites, which can decompose organic matter and provide slow-release nutrients for plants. They also have a certain disease inhibition effect.

[0033] Zinc sulfate: As an important trace element, it participates in the regulation of the activity of multiple enzymes in plants, promotes the synthesis of auxin, improves the disease resistance and stress resistance of plants, and plays an important role in improving fruit quality and increasing yield.

[0034] Lime powder: It can adjust the pH value of the substrate, neutralize acidic substances, provide calcium nutrients, improve the physical structure of the substrate, promote microbial activity, and enhance the plant's ability to absorb nutrients.

[0035] Bacillus subtilis preparations: By secreting various active substances and metabolites, they inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, decompose organic matter, fix nitrogen, dissolve phosphorus and potassium, promote plant growth, and improve plant disease resistance and stress resistance.

[0036] Carboxymethyl cellulose: As a water-retaining agent and binder, it can improve the agglomeration and stability of the matrix, improve the matrix structure, enhance the ability to retain water and fertilizer, and also promote root development and nutrient absorption.

[0037] Sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer: Through the special coating structure, it can achieve slow release of nutrients, avoid nutrient loss and excessive absorption, and combined with the biological activity of sodium alginate, it can promote plant growth, improve nutrient utilization efficiency, and prolong the fertilizer effect period.

[0038] (3) Beneficial effects

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] 1. The present invention significantly improves the water retention and water utilization efficiency of the matrix. Through the multi-level porous composite structure formed by nano-hydrogel and coconut bran, combined with the double-layer coating system of sodium alginate-resin, a three-dimensional interlaced network structure is constructed. This structure not only provides a large amount of water storage space, but also enhances the water binding capacity through multiple chemical bonds (hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, coordination bonds), significantly reducing the water loss rate.

[0041] 2. Achieve efficient sustained release and precise regulation of nutrients. The coordination and chelation of sodium alginate and hydrogel, combined with the controllable permeability of the resin coating, form a dual controlled release system. The fixation of nutrient ions by multiple bonding sites and the regulation of diffusion rate by the network structure achieve continuous and uniform release of nutrients.

[0042] 3. Maintain excellent structural stability and environmental adaptability. Carboxymethyl cellulose is introduced as an interface regulator, and its amphiphilic molecular structure builds an effective interface transition layer between the hydrogel and the resin, which significantly improves the structural stability of the composite material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 This is a physical picture of the trough culture substrate according to Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] The test equipment and preparations of the examples described below are as follows:

[0046] Electronic balance (Sartorius, Germany), electric blast constant temperature dryer (Shanghai Fomar Experimental Equipment), stainless steel reactor (Shanghai Laibei), electric constant temperature water bath (Jiangsu Kedao), rotary evaporator (Shanghai Darlo Scientific Instruments), pulverizer (Shandong Tianfang Machinery), magnetic stirrer (Shanghai Meiyingpu), ball mill (Henan Zhengkuang), coating machine (Chengdu Shangpin Seiko), double-shaft mixer (Shanghai Sujia); chemicals and reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.

[0047] Example 1: This example discloses a tomato trough culture matrix for non-arable land in a desert solar greenhouse, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55 parts of nano-hydrogel-coconut bran, 12 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of crushed fermented rice husks, 1.0 parts of zinc sulfate, 3 parts of lime powder, 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis preparation, 3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, and 20 parts of sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer; the sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer has a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer as the inner layer.

[0048] In the tomato trough culture medium of non-cultivated land in the desert area, such as Figure 1 As shown in the figure, nano-hydrogel can penetrate into the multi-level pore structure of coconut bran (including macropores, mesopores and micropores) to form a three-dimensional interlaced network because its particle size is smaller than the pore size of coconut bran and it has good fluidity and permeability. The hydrogel's water absorption mainly comes from the hydrophilic groups in its molecular structure (such as -OH, -COOH, etc.). These groups remain active after being compounded with coconut bran, and the porosity of coconut bran is used to achieve uniform distribution of water. In the sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer, the carboxyl group in sodium alginate forms physical adsorption and chemical bonding with the hydroxyl group in the resin to form a double-layer structure. The outer layer of resin controls the permeation, and the inner layer of seaweed extract regulates the release, which can control water loss and achieve slow release of nutrients.

[0049] When these two materials are compounded, sodium alginate can undergo ionic crosslinking with the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in the nano-hydrogel-coconut bran composite material, and jointly construct a stable three-dimensional network structure through ionic crosslinking, hydrogen bonding and physical entanglement. This multiple network structure not only increases the water storage space, but also enhances the water binding capacity through multiple bonding sites. At the same time, the existence of the network structure reduces the rapid loss of water. In addition, the hydroxyl groups on the resin surface and the carboxyl groups of the hydrogel optimize the interfacial compatibility through hydrogen bonding, forming a continuous hydrophilic channel, reducing interfacial tension, improving the capillary effect, and promoting water transfer. Sodium alginate and hydrogel also form chelates through coordination, which enhances the fixation of nutrient ions, while the existence of the network structure reduces the nutrient loss rate, and the introduction of multiple bonding sites provides more nutrient binding sites.

[0050] Overall, multiple chemical bonds enhance water adsorption, the physical network structure provides water storage space, and multiple synergistic effects reduce the tendency of water decomposition, thus achieving excellent water retention and sustained-release properties.

[0051] Due to the unexpected cross-linking reaction between the hydroxyl groups in the resin and the hydrophilic groups in the hydrogel, the number of free hydrophilic groups in the hydrogel is reduced, affecting its water absorption performance. To solve this problem, carboxymethyl cellulose is added as an interface regulator. The carboxymethyl cellulose molecule has both hydrophilic carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups, which can form a moderate hydrogen bond network with the hydrogel, which will not over-consume the hydrophilic groups of the hydrogel and maintain its water absorption capacity; at the same time, the cellulose skeleton in the carboxymethyl cellulose molecule can form a stable physical entanglement with the resin, building a "bridge" between the hydrogel and the resin, forming an effective interface transition layer, thereby improving the compatibility and bonding strength between the components and ensuring the overall performance of the composite material.

[0052] The preparation method of the sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated composite fertilizer comprises:

[0053] S11. Dissolve sodium alginate in deionized water, control the temperature at 45°C, stir at 250r / min, and stir for 35min to obtain a sodium alginate solution;

[0054] S12. The epoxy resin was dissolved in xylene, a polyamide curing agent was added, stirred at room temperature for 22.5 min, a stirring speed of 175 r / min, and allowed to stand for 10 min to obtain an epoxy resin coating solution;

[0055] S13. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer was screened and the particle size was controlled at 3 mm to obtain the sieved nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer. The sieved nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer was dried at 65 ° C for 2.5 h and cooled to room temperature to obtain a dried nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer;

[0056] S14. The dried nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is placed in a coating machine at a speed of 35 r / min, and the sodium alginate solution is sprayed at a spraying pressure of 0.2 MPa for 10 min to obtain a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer pre-coated with sodium alginate. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer pre-coated with sodium alginate is dried at 55 ° C for 37.5 min to obtain a dried nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer pre-coated with sodium alginate;

[0057] S15. The dried sodium alginate pre-coated nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer was re-added to the coating machine at a speed of 40r / min, and the epoxy resin solution was evenly sprayed at a spraying pressure of 0.2MPa for 17.5min to obtain epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer;

[0058] S16. Curing the epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer in an oven at 65°C for 2.5 hours to obtain cured epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer, naturally cooling the cured epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer to room temperature to obtain cooled epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer, and leaving the cooled epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer to stand for 24 hours to obtain sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer.

[0059] The preparation method of the nano hydrogel-coconut bran comprises:

[0060] S21. The coconut bran is screened through 40 mesh to obtain the screened coconut bran, the screened coconut bran is dried at 77.5 ° C for 4 hours to obtain the dried coconut bran, the dried coconut bran is soaked in 0.125 mol / L NaOH solution for 2.5 hours to obtain the soaked coconut bran, the soaked coconut bran is washed with deionized water to obtain the washed coconut bran, the washed coconut bran is dried at 65 ° C for 18 hours to obtain the pretreated coconut bran;

[0061] S22. acrylamide was dissolved in deionized water to obtain an acrylamide solution, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide was added to the acrylamide solution, and nitrogen was passed through for 35min, and stirred at room temperature to obtain a first mixed solution;

[0062] S23. Dissolving ammonium persulfate in deionized water to obtain an ammonium persulfate solution, dissolving N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine in deionized water to obtain N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine solution, and passing nitrogen through the ammonium persulfate solution and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine solution for 22.5 min to obtain a pretreated ammonium persulfate solution and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine solution;

[0063] S24. The pretreated coconut bran was slowly added to the first mixed solution, and stirred at a stirring speed of 400 r / min for 37.5 min, and nitrogen was passed for 15 min to obtain a second mixed solution. The pretreated ammonium persulfate solution was added to the second mixed solution and stirred for 7.5 min to obtain a third mixed solution. The pretreated N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine solution was added to the third mixed solution, and the mixture was rapidly stirred for 3.5 min. The temperature was controlled at 27.5 ° C to obtain a mixture;

[0064] S25. The mixture was poured into a mold, reacted at 45° C. for 4.5 h under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a first reaction mixture, and the first reaction mixture was reacted at 65° C. for 2.5 h to obtain a product;

[0065] S26. Cut the product into small pieces to obtain small pieces of product, wash the small pieces of product with ethanol three times to obtain a first washed product, wash the first washed product with deionized water to obtain a second washed product, vacuum dry the second washed product at 55° C. for 36 hours to obtain a dried product, grind the dried product into powder to obtain nano hydrogel-coconut bran.

[0066] A method for cultivating a tomato trough cultivation substrate in a solar greenhouse on non-cultivated land in a desert area is applied to the above-mentioned tomato trough cultivation substrate in a solar greenhouse on non-cultivated land in a desert area, and comprises the following steps:

[0067] S31. The rice husk is crushed to 4 mm to obtain crushed rice husk, and EM bacteria is added to the crushed rice husk for fermentation at a fermentation temperature of 30 ° C. for 17 days, during which the pile is turned twice. After the fermentation is completed, it is naturally dried to a moisture content of less than 30% to obtain crushed fermented rice husk;

[0068] S32 weighed nano-hydrogel - coconut bran, humic acid, crushed fermented rice husk, zinc sulfate, lime powder, carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate - epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer in parts by weight, the weighed materials were mixed using a biaxial mixer at a speed of 70rpm for 25min to obtain a mixed material;

[0069] S33. Dissolve the Bacillus subtilis preparation with a small amount of water to obtain a Bacillus subtilis preparation solution, spray the Bacillus subtilis preparation solution on the mixed materials, and stir for 12.5 minutes to obtain a tank culture matrix.

[0070] Example 2: This example discloses a tomato trough culture matrix for non-arable land in a solar greenhouse in a desert area, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of nano-hydrogel-coconut bran, 8 parts of humic acid, 12 parts of crushed fermented rice husks, 0.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of lime powder, 1 part of Bacillus subtilis preparation, 2 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, and 15 parts of sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer; the sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer has a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer as the inner layer.

[0071] The preparation method of the sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated composite fertilizer comprises:

[0072] S11. Dissolve sodium alginate in deionized water, control the temperature at 40°C, stir at 200 r / min, and stir for 30 min to obtain a sodium alginate solution;

[0073] S12. The epoxy resin was dissolved in xylene, a polyamide curing agent was added, stirred at room temperature for 15 min, a stirring speed of 150 r / min, and allowed to stand for 10 min to obtain an epoxy resin coating solution;

[0074] S13. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer was screened and the particle size was controlled at 2 mm to obtain the screened nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer. The screened nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer was dried at 60 ° C for 2 h and cooled to room temperature to obtain a dried nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer;

[0075] S14. The dried nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is placed in a coating machine at a speed of 30 r / min, and the sodium alginate solution is sprayed at a spraying pressure of 0.2 MPa for 10 min to obtain a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer pre-coated with sodium alginate, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer pre-coated with sodium alginate is dried at 50 ° C for 30 min to obtain a dried nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer pre-coated with sodium alginate;

[0076] S15. The dried sodium alginate pre-coated nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer was re-added to the coating machine at a speed of 35r / min, and the epoxy resin solution was evenly sprayed at a spraying pressure of 0.15MPa for 15min to obtain an epoxy resin-coated compound fertilizer;

[0077] S16. Curing the epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer in an oven at 60°C for 2 hours to obtain cured epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer, naturally cooling the cured epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer to room temperature to obtain cooled epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer, and leaving the cooled epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer to stand for 24 hours to obtain sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer.

[0078] The preparation method of the nano hydrogel-coconut bran comprises:

[0079] S21. sieving coconut bran through 40 mesh to obtain sieved coconut bran, drying the sieved coconut bran at 75 ° C for 4 h to obtain dried coconut bran, soaking the dried coconut bran with 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution for 2 h to obtain soaked coconut bran, washing the soaked coconut bran with deionized water to obtain washed coconut bran, and drying the washed coconut bran at 60 ° C for 12 h to obtain pretreated coconut bran;

[0080] S22. Dissolving acrylamide in deionized water to obtain an acrylamide solution, adding N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide to the acrylamide solution, and passing nitrogen for 30 min, stirring at room temperature to obtain a first mixed solution;

[0081] S23. Dissolving ammonium persulfate in deionized water to obtain an ammonium persulfate solution, dissolving N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine in deionized water to obtain an N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine solution, and passing nitrogen through the ammonium persulfate solution and the N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine solution for 15 min to obtain a pretreated ammonium persulfate solution and a N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine solution;

[0082] S24. The pretreated coconut bran was slowly added to the first mixed solution, and stirred at a stirring speed of 300 r / min for 30 min, and nitrogen was passed for 15 min to obtain a second mixed solution. The pretreated ammonium persulfate solution was added to the second mixed solution and stirred for 5 min to obtain a third mixed solution. The pretreated N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine solution was added to the third mixed solution, and the mixture was rapidly stirred for 2 min. The temperature was controlled at 25 ° C to obtain a mixture;

[0083] S25. The mixture was poured into a mold, reacted at 40° C. for 4 h under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a first reaction mixture, and the first reaction mixture was reacted at 60° C. for 2 h to obtain a product;

[0084] S26. Cut the product into small pieces to obtain small pieces of product, wash the small pieces of product with ethanol three times to obtain a first washed product, wash the first washed product with deionized water to obtain a second washed product, vacuum dry the second washed product at 50° C. for 24 h to obtain a dried product, grind the dried product into powder to obtain nano hydrogel-coconut bran.

[0085] A method for cultivating a tomato trough cultivation substrate in a solar greenhouse on non-cultivated land in a desert area is applied to the above-mentioned tomato trough cultivation substrate in a solar greenhouse on non-cultivated land in a desert area, and comprises the following steps:

[0086] S31. The rice husk was crushed to 3 mm to obtain crushed rice husk, and EM bacteria was added to the crushed rice husk for fermentation at a fermentation temperature of 28 ° C for 15 days, during which the pile was turned twice, and after the fermentation was completed, it was naturally dried to a moisture content of less than 30% to obtain crushed fermented rice husk;

[0087] S32 weighed nano-hydrogel - coconut bran, humic acid, crushed fermented rice husk, zinc sulfate, lime powder, carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate - epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer in parts by weight, the weighed materials were mixed using a biaxial mixer at a speed of 60rpm for 20min to obtain a mixed material;

[0088] S33. Dissolve the Bacillus subtilis preparation with a small amount of water to obtain a Bacillus subtilis preparation solution, spray the Bacillus subtilis preparation solution on the mixed materials, and stir for 10 minutes to obtain a tank culture substrate.

[0089] Example 3: This example discloses a tomato trough culture matrix for non-arable land in a solar greenhouse in a desert area, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 48 parts of nano-hydrogel-coconut bran, 9 parts of humic acid, 13 parts of crushed fermented rice husks, 0.7 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of lime powder, 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis preparation, 3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, and 19 parts of sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer; the sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer has a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer as the inner layer.

[0090] The preparation method of the nano-hydrogel-coconut bran and sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated composite fertilizer in this embodiment is consistent with that in Example 1. The trough cultivation method of a trough cultivation substrate for tomato in a solar greenhouse in a desert non-cultivated land in this embodiment is consistent with that in Example 1.

[0091] Example 4: This example discloses a tomato trough culture medium for non-arable land in a solar greenhouse in a desert area, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of nano-hydrogel-coconut bran, 10 parts of humic acid, 13.5 parts of crushed fermented rice husks, 0.75 parts of zinc sulfate, 2.5 parts of lime powder, 1.5 parts of Bacillus subtilis preparation, 2.5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, and 17.5 parts of sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer; the sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer has a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer as the inner layer.

[0092] The preparation method of the sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated composite fertilizer comprises:

[0093] S11. Dissolve sodium alginate in deionized water, control the temperature at 50°C, stir at 300 r / min, and stir for 40 min to obtain a sodium alginate solution;

[0094] S12. The epoxy resin was dissolved in xylene, a polyamide curing agent was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min at a stirring speed of 200 r / min and allowed to stand for 10 min to obtain an epoxy resin coating solution;

[0095] S13. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer was screened and the particle size was controlled at 4 mm to obtain the screened nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer. The screened nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer was dried at 70 ° C for 3 h and cooled to room temperature to obtain a dried nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer;

[0096] S14. The dried nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is placed in a coating machine at a speed of 40 r / min, and the sodium alginate solution is sprayed at a spraying pressure of 0.2 MPa for 10 min to obtain a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer pre-coated with sodium alginate, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer pre-coated with sodium alginate is dried at 60 ° C for 45 min to obtain a dried nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer pre-coated with sodium alginate;

[0097] S15. The dried sodium alginate pre-coated nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer was re-added to the coating machine at a speed of 45r / min, and the epoxy resin solution was evenly sprayed at a spraying pressure of 0.25MPa for 20min to obtain an epoxy resin-coated compound fertilizer;

[0098] S16. Curing the epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer in an oven at 70°C for 3 hours to obtain cured epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer, naturally cooling the cured epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer to room temperature to obtain cooled epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer, and leaving the cooled epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer to stand for 24 hours to obtain sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer.

[0099] The preparation method of the nano hydrogel-coconut bran comprises:

[0100] S21. The coconut bran is screened through 40 mesh to obtain screened coconut bran, the screened coconut bran is dried at 80 ° C for 4 hours to obtain dried coconut bran, the dried coconut bran is soaked in 0.15 mol / L NaOH solution for 3 hours to obtain soaked coconut bran, the soaked coconut bran is washed with deionized water to obtain washed coconut bran, and the washed coconut bran is dried at 70 ° C for 24 hours to obtain pretreated coconut bran;

[0101] S22. Dissolving acrylamide in deionized water to obtain an acrylamide solution, adding N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide to the acrylamide solution, and passing nitrogen for 40 min, stirring at room temperature to obtain a first mixed solution;

[0102] S23. Dissolving ammonium persulfate in deionized water to obtain an ammonium persulfate solution, dissolving N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine in deionized water to obtain N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine solution, and passing nitrogen through the ammonium persulfate solution and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine solution for 30 min to obtain a pretreated ammonium persulfate solution and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine solution;

[0103] S24. The pretreated coconut bran was slowly added to the first mixed solution, and stirred at a stirring speed of 500 r / min for 45 min, and nitrogen was passed for 15 min to obtain a second mixed solution. The pretreated ammonium persulfate solution was added to the second mixed solution and stirred for 10 min to obtain a third mixed solution. The pretreated N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine solution was added to the third mixed solution, and the mixture was rapidly stirred for 5 min. The temperature was controlled at 30 ° C to obtain a mixture;

[0104] S25. The mixture was poured into a mold, reacted at 50° C. for 5 h under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a first reaction mixture, and the first reaction mixture was reacted at 70° C. for 3 h to obtain a product;

[0105] S26. Cut the product into small pieces to obtain small pieces of product, wash the small pieces of product with ethanol three times to obtain a first washed product, wash the first washed product with deionized water to obtain a second washed product, vacuum dry the second washed product at 60° C. for 48 h to obtain a dried product, grind the dried product into powder to obtain nano hydrogel-coconut bran.

[0106] A method for cultivating a tomato trough cultivation substrate in a solar greenhouse on non-cultivated land in a desert area is applied to the above-mentioned tomato trough cultivation substrate in a solar greenhouse on non-cultivated land in a desert area, and comprises the following steps:

[0107] S31. The rice husk is crushed to 5 mm to obtain crushed rice husk, and EM bacteria is added to the crushed rice husk for fermentation at a fermentation temperature of 32 ° C for 20 days, during which the pile is turned over 3 times, and after the fermentation is completed, it is naturally dried to a moisture content of less than 30% to obtain crushed fermented rice husk;

[0108] S32 weighed nano-hydrogel - coconut bran, humic acid, crushed fermented rice husk, zinc sulfate, lime powder, carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate - epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer in parts by weight, the weighed materials were mixed using a biaxial mixer at a speed of 80rpm for 30min to obtain a mixed material;

[0109] S33. Dissolve the Bacillus subtilis preparation with a small amount of water to obtain a Bacillus subtilis preparation solution, spray the Bacillus subtilis preparation solution on the mixed materials, and stir for 15 minutes to obtain a tank culture matrix.

[0110] Example 5: This example discloses a tomato trough culture medium for non-arable land in a solar greenhouse in a desert area, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 42 parts of nano-hydrogel-coconut bran, 11 parts of humic acid, 13 parts of crushed fermented rice husks, 0.9 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of lime powder, 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis preparation, 2 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, and 16 parts of sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer; the sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer has a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer as the inner layer.

[0111] The preparation method of the nano-hydrogel-coconut bran and sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated composite fertilizer in this embodiment is consistent with that in Example 1. The trough cultivation method of a trough cultivation substrate for tomato in a solar greenhouse in a desert non-cultivated land in this embodiment is consistent with that in Example 1.

[0112] Control group 1: This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that the nano hydrogel-coconut bran is not contained.

[0113] The present embodiment discloses a tomato trough culture substrate for non-cultivated land in a desert solar greenhouse, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 9 parts of humic acid, 13 parts of crushed fermented rice husks, 0.7 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of lime powder, 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis preparation, 3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, and 19 parts of sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer; the sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer uses nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer as an inner layer.

[0114] The preparation method of the sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer in this embodiment is consistent with that in Example 1. The method for trough cultivation of a tomato trough cultivation substrate in a solar greenhouse in a desert non-cultivated land in this embodiment is consistent with that in Example 1.

[0115] Control group 2: This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that it does not contain sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer.

[0116] The present embodiment discloses a tomato trough culture substrate for non-cultivated land in a desert solar greenhouse, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 48 parts of nano hydrogel-coconut bran, 9 parts of humic acid, 13 parts of crushed fermented rice husks, 0.7 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of lime powder, 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis preparation, and 3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose.

[0117] The preparation method of the nano hydrogel-coconut bran in this embodiment is consistent with that in Example 1. The trough cultivation method of a trough cultivation substrate for tomato in a solar greenhouse in a desert non-cultivated land in this embodiment is consistent with that in Example 1.

[0118] Control group 3: This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that it does not contain carboxymethyl cellulose.

[0119] The present embodiment discloses a tomato trough culture substrate for non-cultivated land in a desert solar greenhouse, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 48 parts of nano-hydrogel-coconut bran, 9 parts of humic acid, 13 parts of crushed fermented rice husks, 0.7 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of lime powder, 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis preparation, and 19 parts of sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer; the sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer uses nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer as an inner layer.

[0120] The preparation method of the nano-hydrogel-coconut bran and sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated composite fertilizer in this embodiment is consistent with that in Example 1. The trough cultivation method of a trough cultivation substrate for tomato in a solar greenhouse in a desert non-cultivated land in this embodiment is consistent with that in Example 1.

[0121] Control group 4: This embodiment discloses a tomato trough culture matrix for non-arable land in a desert solar greenhouse, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 48 parts of nano-hydrogel, 9 parts of humic acid, 13 parts of crushed fermented rice husks, 0.7 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of lime powder, 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis preparation, 3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, and 19 parts of sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer; the sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer has a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer as an inner layer.

[0122] The preparation method of the nano-hydrogel and sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer in this embodiment is consistent with that in Example 1. The method of trough cultivation of a tomato trough cultivation substrate in a solar greenhouse in a desert non-cultivated land in this embodiment is consistent with that in Example 1.

[0123] Control group 5: This embodiment discloses a tomato trough culture medium for non-arable land in a desert solar greenhouse, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 48 parts of coconut bran, 9 parts of humic acid, 13 parts of crushed fermented rice husks, 0.7 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of lime powder, 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis preparation, 3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, and 19 parts of sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer; the sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer has a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer as an inner layer.

[0124] The preparation method of the coconut bran and sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer in this embodiment is consistent with that in Example 1. The method of trough cultivation of a tomato trough cultivation substrate in a solar greenhouse in a desert non-cultivated land in this embodiment is consistent with that in Example 1.

[0125] Control group 6: This embodiment discloses a tomato trough culture matrix for non-arable land in a desert solar greenhouse, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 48 parts of nano-hydrogel-coconut bran, 9 parts of humic acid, 13 parts of crushed fermented rice husks, 0.7 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of lime powder, 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis preparation, 3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, and 19 parts of epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer; the epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer has a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer as an inner layer.

[0126] The preparation method of the nano-hydrogel-coconut bran and epoxy resin coated composite fertilizer in this embodiment is consistent with that in Example 1. The method of trough cultivation of tomato trough cultivation substrate in solar greenhouse in desert non-cultivated land in this embodiment is consistent with that in Example 1.

[0127] Control group 7: This embodiment discloses a tomato trough culture matrix for non-arable land in a desert solar greenhouse, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 48 parts of nano-hydrogel-coconut bran, 9 parts of humic acid, 13 parts of crushed fermented rice husks, 0.7 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of lime powder, 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis preparation, 3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, and 19 parts of sodium alginate.

[0128] The preparation method of the nano hydrogel-coconut bran and sodium alginate in this embodiment is consistent with that in Example 1. The method for preparing a trough culture substrate for tomato trough culture in a solar greenhouse in a desert non-cultivated land in this embodiment is consistent with that in Example 1.

[0129] Test verification:

[0130] 1. Determination of maximum water absorption

[0131] Immerse the sample in deionized water (25±1℃) for 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 12h, and 24h. Take out the sample with a 100-mesh sieve and hang it naturally for 5min to remove free water on the surface. Weigh and record Wt, and calculate the water absorption rate.

[0132] 2. Capillary rise test

[0133] Design a special glass tube (inner diameter 1cm), install a 100-mesh nylon mesh at the bottom, and mark the upper part with scale marks (1cm intervals). Put the sample into the glass tube (with consistent density), contact the bottom of the tube with deionized water, and record the height of the water rise. The measurement time is: 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 4h, and 6h.

[0134] 3. Determination of water diffusion coefficient

[0135] A cylindrical sample (2 cm in diameter, 5 cm in height) was made, and a waterproof layer was applied to the surface (except the bottom surface). The bottom of the sample was in contact with a quantitative water source, and the water content was measured by sampling at different heights, and the diffusion coefficient was calculated using the diffusion equation.

[0136] 4. Determination of ion exchange capacity

[0137] The sample was immersed in 0.1mol / L CaCl2 for 24h, washed with deionized water until neutral, and dried at 60℃ to constant weight. The sample was weighed, 100mL of 1mol / L NH4Cl solution was added, shaken for 24h (150rpm), centrifuged, and the Ca²⁺ concentration in the supernatant was determined to calculate the exchange capacity (cmol / kg).

[0138] 5. Chelating capacity determination

[0139] Prepare different concentrations of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Fe³⁺ solutions, ranging from 10 to 1000 mg / L. Weigh the sample,

[0140] Add 50 mL of metal ion solution, oscillate at 25°C for 4 h at different pH conditions, determine the equilibrium concentration, and calculate the chelated amount.

[0141] 6. Controlled Release Testing

[0142] The samples were placed in dialysis bags and immersed in deionized water. The external solution was replaced regularly and the nutrient concentration was measured.

[0143] 7. Contact Angle Measurement

[0144] Make a flat sample surface with size: 2cm × 2cm and thickness: 2mm. Add deionized water, take a picture within 30s, and measure the contact angle.

[0145]

[0146] The test results of the trough culture matrix performance of the embodiment group and the control group are shown in Table 1. In terms of maximum water absorption, embodiment 3 reached 656%, which is the highest level, while the lowest control group 1 is only 475%, which is mainly due to the excellent water retention performance of the nano hydrogel-coconut bran in embodiment 3. The nano hydrogel can penetrate into the multi-level pore structure of coconut bran to form a three-dimensional interlaced network, which greatly increases the storage space for water. At the same time, the activity of the hydrophilic groups in the hydrogel molecules is also well retained. In terms of capillary rise height and water diffusion coefficient, embodiment 3 reached 52 cm and 8.8×10 -9 m 2 / s, the best performance. This is also due to the stable network structure formed by the hydrogel and sodium alginate in the composite material, which effectively regulates the water transfer process. Ion exchange capacity and metal ion chelation capacity are important indicators for measuring nutrient retention capacity. The ion exchange capacity of Example 3 reached 165 cmol / kg, and Cu 2+ 、Zn 2+ and Fe 3+ The chelated amounts were 103, 82 and 94 mg / g, all of which were the highest, thanks to the synergistic effect of sodium alginate and hydrogel. In addition, the nutrient release rate of Example 3 also reached 85%, which was better than that of other groups.

[0147] Based on the above analysis, Example 3 is the best ratio scheme for tomato trough culture substrate in solar greenhouses in desert areas. It has excellent water retention, nutrient slow release and hydrophilic properties, and can well meet the needs of tomato growth in high temperature and water-deficient environments.

[0148] Finally, it should be noted that: Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tomato trough culture substrate for non-cultivated land in a desert solar greenhouse, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-55 parts of nano hydrogel-coconut bran, 8-12 parts of humic acid, 12-15 parts of crushed fermented rice husk, 0.5-1.0 parts of zinc sulfate, 2-3 parts of lime powder, 1-2 parts of Bacillus subtilis preparation, 2-3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, and 15-20 parts of sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer; The sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer uses nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer as the inner layer; The preparation method of the sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated composite fertilizer comprises: S11. Dissolve sodium alginate in deionized water, control the temperature at 40-50°C, stir at 200-300 r / min, and stir for 30-40 min to obtain a sodium alginate solution; S12. dissolving the epoxy resin in xylene, adding the polyamide curing agent, stirring at room temperature for 15 to 30 minutes, stirring at a speed of 150 to 200 r / min, and standing for 10 minutes to obtain an epoxy resin coating solution; S13. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is screened, and the particle size is controlled at 2~4mm to obtain the screened nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and the screened nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is dried at 60~70℃ for 2~3h, and cooled to room temperature to obtain a dried nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer; S14. The dried nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is placed in a coating machine at a speed of 30 to 40 r / min, and the sodium alginate solution is sprayed at a spraying pressure of 0.2 MPa for 10 min to obtain a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer pre-coated with sodium alginate, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer pre-coated with sodium alginate is dried at 50 to 60 ° C for 30 to 45 min to obtain a dried nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer pre-coated with sodium alginate; S15. The dried sodium alginate pre-coated nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer was re-added to the coating machine at a speed of 35 to 45 r / min, and the epoxy resin solution was evenly sprayed at a spraying pressure of 0.15 to 0.25 MPa for 15 to 20 min to obtain an epoxy resin-coated compound fertilizer; S16. The epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer is cured in an oven at 60 to 70°C for 2 to 3 hours to obtain a cured epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer, the cured epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer is naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a cooled epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer, and the cooled epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer is allowed to stand for 24 hours to obtain a sodium alginate-epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer; The preparation method of the nano hydrogel-coconut bran comprises: S21. sieving coconut bran through 40 mesh to obtain sieved coconut bran, drying the sieved coconut bran at 75-80 ° C for 4 h to obtain dried coconut bran, soaking the dried coconut bran with 0.1-0.15 mol / L NaOH solution for 2-3 h to obtain soaked coconut bran, washing the soaked coconut bran with deionized water to obtain washed coconut bran, and drying the washed coconut bran at 60-70 ° C for 12-24 h to obtain pretreated coconut bran; S22. Dissolving acrylamide in deionized water to obtain an acrylamide solution, adding N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide to the acrylamide solution, and passing nitrogen for 30 to 40 minutes, stirring at room temperature to obtain a first mixed solution; S23. Dissolving ammonium persulfate in deionized water to obtain an ammonium persulfate solution, dissolving N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine in deionized water to obtain an N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine solution, and passing nitrogen through the ammonium persulfate solution and the N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine solution for 15 to 30 minutes to obtain a pretreated ammonium persulfate solution and a N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine solution; S24. The pretreated coconut bran is slowly added to the first mixed solution, and stirred at a stirring speed of 300 to 500 r / min for 30 to 45 min, and nitrogen is passed for 15 min to obtain a second mixed solution. The pretreated ammonium persulfate solution is added to the second mixed solution, and stirred for 5 to 10 min to obtain a third mixed solution. The pretreated N, N, N', N'-tetramethylethylenediamine solution is added to the third mixed solution, and the mixture is rapidly stirred for 2 to 5 min, and the temperature is controlled at 25 to 30 ° C to obtain a mixture; S25. The mixture is poured into a mold, reacted at 40-50° C. for 4-5 h under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a first reaction mixture, and the first reaction mixture is reacted at 60-70° C. for 2-3 h to obtain a product; S26. Cut the product into small pieces to obtain small pieces of product, wash the small pieces of product with ethanol three times to obtain a first washed product, wash the first washed product with deionized water to obtain a second washed product, vacuum dry the second washed product at 50-60° C. for 24-48 hours to obtain a dried product, grind the dried product into powder to obtain nano hydrogel-coconut bran.

2. A method for trough cultivation of tomato trough cultivation substrate in a solar greenhouse on non-cultivated land in a desert area, which is used to prepare the trough cultivation substrate for tomato in a solar greenhouse on non-cultivated land in a desert area as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S31. The rice husk is crushed to 3-5 mm to obtain crushed rice husk, EM bacteria is added to the crushed rice husk for fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 28-32 ° C, the fermentation time is 15-20 days, the pile is turned 2-3 times during the fermentation, and after the fermentation is completed, it is naturally dried to a moisture content of less than 30% to obtain crushed fermented rice husk; S32. Weigh nano-hydrogel - coconut bran, humic acid, crushed fermented rice husk, zinc sulfate, lime powder, carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate - epoxy resin coated compound fertilizer in parts by weight, and mix the weighed materials using a biaxial mixer at a speed of 60 to 80 rpm for 20 to 30 min to obtain a mixed material; S33. Dissolve the Bacillus subtilis preparation in a small amount of water to obtain a Bacillus subtilis preparation solution, spray the Bacillus subtilis preparation solution on the mixed materials, and stir for 10 to 15 minutes to obtain a tank culture matrix.

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