Snowflake fractal dipole antenna

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and relates to a snowflake fractal dipole antenna, which comprises a dielectric layer and a patch layer arranged on the dielectric layer, the dielectric layer is of a rectangular structure; the patch layer comprises two radiation patches which are arranged at intervals, the two radiation patches are distributed in an axial symmetry mode relative to any symmetry axis of the dielectric layer, and the two radiation patches are connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the feed end respectively to form a dipole; the radiation patch adopts a Koch snowflake fractal mode; the Koch snowflake fractal is obtained by repeating the initial shape for six times; each radiation patch is provided with two petals which are arranged on the symmetry axis of the dielectric layer along the length direction; a loading groove capable of covering part of petals is formed in the petal, close to the center of the dielectric layer, on the radiation patch; the loading grooves of the two radiation patches are partially overlapped, and an equal-width strip-shaped band gap is formed between the two radiation patches. According to the invention, miniaturization of the UHF frequency band antenna can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a snowflake fractal dipole antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the development of science and the advancement of technology, the research on antennas is also changing with each passing day.

[0003] In a complex and ever-changing communication environment, reliable communication links need to be maintained at any location and at any time to ensure the effective implementation of command and control. Therefore, the UHF band has become one of the key frequency bands for complex communications due to its superior propagation characteristics, and can provide stable communication links in environments with complex terrain and dense obstacles.

[0004] However, due to their large size and heavy weight, traditional UHF antennas are not suitable for use in vehicles that require extremely high mobility and concealment. Therefore, the development of miniaturized UHF antennas has become an inevitable trend. Summary of the invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a snowflake fractal dipole antenna to address the above technical problems, which can achieve the miniaturization of UHF band antennas.

[0006] A snowflake fractal dipole antenna comprises: a dielectric layer and a patch layer arranged on the dielectric layer;

[0007] The dielectric layer is a rectangular structure;

[0008] The patch layer includes two radiating patches arranged at intervals, the two radiating patches are axially symmetrically distributed about any symmetry axis of the dielectric layer, and the two radiating patches are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the feeding end to form a dipole;

[0009] The radiation patch adopts the Koch snowflake fractal.

[0010] In one embodiment, the Koch snowflake fractal is obtained by repeating an initial shape six times.

[0011] In one embodiment, each radiation patch has two petals arranged on the symmetry axis of the dielectric layer along the length direction.

[0012] In one embodiment, a loading slot capable of covering part of the petals is provided on the petals of the radiation patch close to the center of the dielectric layer;

[0013] The loading slots of the two radiation patches partially overlap, and a strip-shaped band gap of equal width is formed between the two radiation patches.

[0014] In one embodiment, the width of the strip-shaped band gap is 5 times the side length of the Koch snowflake.

[0015] In one embodiment, except for the petals close to the center of the dielectric layer, each petal of the radiation patch is provided with a groove, and all the grooves have the same size and direction.

[0016] In one embodiment, the groove is a regular hexagonal structure, and two sides of the regular hexagonal structure are parallel to the short sides of the dielectric layer.

[0017] In one embodiment, each groove is located at the center of the corresponding petal.

[0018] In one embodiment, the side length of the groove is 5 times the side length of the Koch snowflake.

[0019] In one embodiment, the ratio of the length to the width of the dielectric layer is 11:6 and the width of the dielectric layer is 100 times the side length of the Koch snowflake.

[0020] The above-mentioned snowflake fractal dipole antenna is designed with a Koch snowflake fractal radiation patch, which can extend the current path under the same area and effectively increase the electrical length of the antenna, which is equivalent to increasing the electrical size of the antenna, thereby reducing the resonant frequency of the antenna, so that the working frequency band of the antenna moves to a low frequency, realizes the miniaturization of the antenna, saves vehicle space, reduces the detectability of the vehicle, improves the concealment of the antenna, is conducive to the integration of the antenna, and enables the vehicle to carry more electronic equipment, such as communication systems, reconnaissance systems and navigation systems. This compact design is suitable for various types of vehicles, including tanks, armored vehicles, command vehicles, etc., and can adapt to high mobility and diverse modern wireless communication environments and communication equipment, and is used for target reconnaissance and direction finding of vehicle-mounted antennas; at the same time, the antenna can cover a wider frequency range without increasing the physical size, meet the needs of multi-band operation, improve the working bandwidth, and have wide-band characteristics; in addition, the two radiation patches are arranged in a dipole manner and fed in the middle of the two, so that the antenna's directional pattern is similar to the directional pattern of the dipole, has omnidirectionality, and can achieve omnidirectional radiation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a snowflake fractal dipole antenna in one embodiment;

[0022] Figure 2 A dimension diagram of a snowflake fractal dipole antenna in one embodiment;

[0023] Figure 3 is a diagram of S11 simulation results of a snowflake fractal dipole antenna in one embodiment;

[0024] Figure 4 A simulated radiation pattern of a snowflake fractal dipole antenna at 1500 MHz in one embodiment;

[0025] Figure 5 A simulated radiation pattern of a snowflake fractal dipole antenna at 2000 MHz in one embodiment;

[0026] Figure 6 FIG. 4 is a simulated radiation pattern of a snowflake fractal dipole antenna at 2500 MHz in one embodiment.

[0027] Reference numerals:

[0028] Dielectric layer 1;

[0029] Patch layer 2, radiation patch 21, strip band gap 22. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0031] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present application (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0032] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in this application are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, "multiple groups" means at least two groups, such as two groups, three groups, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0033] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connection", "fixation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a physical connection, or a wireless communication connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0034] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in the field can implement it. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by this application.

[0035] The present application provides a snowflake fractal dipole antenna, such as Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, it includes: a dielectric layer and a patch layer.

[0036] The dielectric layer is a rectangular plate structure and can be made of FR-4 board with a dielectric constant of 4.4.

[0037] The patch layer is arranged on the dielectric layer, including two radiation patches, and the radiation patches adopt Koch snowflake fractal; the two radiation patches are arranged at intervals and are axially symmetrically distributed about any symmetry axis of the dielectric layer; the two radiation patches are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the feeding end to form a dipole.

[0038] Preferably, the Koch snowflake fractal is obtained by repeating the initial shape six times to further improve the bandwidth while ensuring a good directivity pattern and facilitating processing.

[0039] Further preferably, each radiation patch has two petals arranged on the symmetry axis of the dielectric layer along the length direction to ensure omnidirectionality in the high frequency band.

[0040] Further preferably, a loading slot capable of covering part of the petals is provided on the petals of the radiation patch near the center of the dielectric layer, and the loading slots of the two radiation patches partially overlap, forming a strip band gap of equal width between the two radiation patches to improve the matching effect, further improve the bandwidth, and optimize the S11 characteristics.

[0041] More preferably, the width of the strip band gap is 5 times the side length of the Koch snowflake to ensure better matching effect and greatly improve the resonance depth.

[0042] In another embodiment, except for the petals near the center of the dielectric layer, each petal of the radiation patch is provided with a groove, and all the grooves have the same size and direction to further improve the bandwidth and further achieve miniaturization.

[0043] Preferably, the groove is a regular hexagonal structure, and two sides of the regular hexagonal structure are parallel to the short sides of the dielectric layer, so as to greatly increase the bandwidth.

[0044] Further preferably, each groove is arranged at the center of the corresponding petal to reduce coupling effects and ensure balanced performance of the antenna.

[0045] More preferably, the side length of the groove is equal to the width of the strip band gap, and both are 5 times the side length of the Koch snowflake, so as to improve the efficiency of the antenna. The efficiency of the working frequency band is greater than 94.4%, and the maximum efficiency is 99.8%.

[0046] In another embodiment, the ratio of the length to the width of the dielectric layer is 11:6 and the width of the dielectric layer is 100 times the side length of the Koch snowflake to further achieve miniaturization of the antenna.

[0047] The working principle of this application is: the antenna is a deformation of the dipole antenna, the two radiating patches are the two vibrators of the dipole antenna, the alternating current is fed from the middle, and oscillates back and forth between the two conductors of the antenna, resulting in the formation of an oscillating electric field and magnetic field on the antenna; these electric fields and magnetic fields are radiated in the form of electromagnetic waves to transmit wireless signals.

[0048] The above-mentioned snowflake fractal dipole antenna is designed with a Koch snowflake fractal radiation patch, which can extend the current path under the same area and effectively increase the electrical length of the antenna, which is equivalent to increasing the electrical size of the antenna, thereby reducing the resonant frequency of the antenna, so that the working frequency band of the antenna moves to a low frequency, realizes the miniaturization of the antenna, saves vehicle space, reduces the detectability of the vehicle, improves the concealment of the antenna, is conducive to the integration of the antenna, and enables the vehicle to carry more electronic equipment, such as communication systems, reconnaissance systems and navigation systems. This compact design is suitable for various types of vehicles, including tanks, armored vehicles, command vehicles, etc., and can adapt to high mobility and diverse modern wireless communication environments and communication equipment, and is used for target reconnaissance and direction finding of vehicle-mounted antennas; at the same time, the antenna can cover a wider frequency range without increasing the physical size, meet the needs of multi-band operation, improve the working bandwidth, and have wide-band characteristics; in addition, the two radiation patches are arranged in a dipole manner and fed in the middle of the two, so that the antenna's directional pattern is similar to the directional pattern of the dipole, has omnidirectionality, and can achieve omnidirectional radiation.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, in a specific embodiment, the length of the dielectric layer is 110 mm, the width is 60 mm, and the thickness is 1 mm; the two widths of the radiation patch are 44.4 mm and 33.3 mm respectively, the side length of the Koch snowflake is 0.6 mm, the spacing between the two radiation patches is 3 mm, and the farthest spacing between the endpoints of the two radiation patches is 108.9 mm.

[0050] like Figure 3 From the S11 simulation result diagram of the antenna shown, it can be seen that the S11 of the antenna is less than -10dB in the range of 1156.9MHz-2861.2MHz, indicating that the antenna operates in the UHF frequency band (300MHz~3000MHz), the maximum resonance depth reaches about -39dB, and the relative bandwidth reaches 42.4%.

[0051] like Figures 4 to 6 The simulated radiation patterns of the antenna at 1500MHz, 2000MHz, and 2500MHz are shown. It can be seen that the radiation pattern of the antenna is similar to that of a dipole, radiating omnidirectionally along the Y-axis toward the periphery; the maximum gain of the radiation pattern at 1500MHz is 2.492dBi, and the efficiency is 97.9%, the maximum gain at 2000MHz is 3.249dBi, and the efficiency is 94.4%, and the maximum gain at 2500MHz is 4.09dBi, and the efficiency is 99.8%.

[0052] In summary, the final size of the snowflake fractal dipole antenna of the present application is 110mm×60mm×1mm, the operating frequency band is 1156.9MHz-2861.2MHz, it works in the UHF band, the relative bandwidth is 42.4%, the maximum gain is about 4.09dBi, the efficiency of the whole band reaches more than 94%, and the maximum efficiency is 99.8%. The comprehensive results show that the antenna of the present application has extremely high application potential in the vehicle-mounted UHF band.

[0053] In the UHF band, this application only uses 66cm 2 The area of ​​​​the 42.4% relative bandwidth is achieved, while in the prior art, 600cm is generally required. 2 In comparison, the performance of this application has a huge advantage in terms of area to achieve a relative bandwidth of 40%.

[0054] The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in this field.

[0055] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0056] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A snowflake fractal dipole antenna, It is characterized in that include: A dielectric layer and a patch layer arranged on the dielectric layer; The dielectric layer is a rectangular structure; The patch layer includes two radiating patches arranged at intervals, the two radiating patches are axially symmetrically distributed about any symmetry axis of the dielectric layer, and the two radiating patches are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the feeding end to form a dipole; The radiation patch adopts the Koch snowflake fractal.

2. A snowflake fractal dipole antenna according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The Koch snowflake fractal is obtained by repeating the initial shape six times.

3. A snowflake fractal dipole antenna according to claim 2, It is characterized in that Each radiation patch has two petals arranged on the symmetry axis of the dielectric layer along the length direction.

4. The snowflake fractal dipole antenna according to claim 3, It is characterized in that A loading slot capable of covering part of the petals is provided on the petals of the radiation patch close to the center of the dielectric layer; The loading slots of the two radiation patches partially overlap, and a strip-shaped band gap of equal width is formed between the two radiation patches.

5. The snowflake fractal dipole antenna according to claim 4, It is characterized in that The width of the strip band gap is 5 times the side length of the Koch snowflake.

6. A snowflake fractal dipole antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, It is characterized in that Except for the petals close to the center of the dielectric layer, each petal of the radiation patch is provided with a groove, and all the grooves have the same size and direction.

7. The snowflake fractal dipole antenna according to claim 6, It is characterized in that The groove is a regular hexagonal structure, and two sides of the regular hexagonal structure are parallel to the short sides of the dielectric layer.

8. The snowflake fractal dipole antenna according to claim 7, It is characterized in that Each groove is located at the center of the corresponding petal.

9. The snowflake fractal dipole antenna according to claim 8, It is characterized in that The side length of the groove is 5 times the side length of the Koch snowflake.

10. A snowflake fractal dipole antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, It is characterized in that The ratio of the length to the width of the dielectric layer is 11:6 and the width of the dielectric layer is 100 times the side length of the Koch snowflake.

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