A light formula for efficiently inducing off-season flowering of pitaya and its application

Abstract

The present invention provides a light formula for efficiently inducing off-season flowering of pitaya and its application. The light formula includes lights with wavelengths of 620 nm and 565 nm, and the light intensity ratio of the 620-nm light to the 565-nm light is 3-5:1. The light formula for efficiently inducing off-season flowering of pitaya according to the present invention includes a specific wavelength and a specific ratio of LED mixed light sources. Irradiating pitaya with the LED light source using this light formula can induce off-season flowering of pitaya, and can significantly increase the number of flowers, thereby greatly increasing the yield per plant, greatly increasing the economic benefits of pitaya cultivation, and promoting the development of the pitaya cultivation industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular relates to a light formula for efficiently inducing off-season flowering of pitaya and its application. Background Art

[0002] Pitaya originated in the tropical regions of Central and South America. In recent years, due to good planting benefits, it has rapidly risen in China, with a planting area exceeding 1 million mu and showing an upward trend.

[0003] Pitaya is a long-day plant. In the Northern Hemisphere, its flowering period is concentrated from early May to mid-late October. Flowering is affected by factors such as the age of branches, temperature, light, and growth regulators. The production period of Chinese pitaya is concentrated from June to November, which is exactly the season when a large number of fruits are on the market, and the economic benefits are affected. If the production period of pitaya can be regulated to achieve off-season flowering, fresh fruits can be on the market from late December to March of the following year, which is exactly the off-season for fresh fruits, and the market prospect is broad.

[0004] Due to advantages such as low energy consumption, high efficiency, anti-aging, and low heat consumption, LED light sources have been used in the fields of regulating the flowering period and production period of fruits and vegetables, increasing yield, improving quality, and green prevention and control of pests and diseases. As one of the high-value fruit trees that have developed rapidly in the tropical and subtropical regions of China in recent years, pitaya has achieved off-season cultivation using LED supplementary lighting technology. The price of off-season fruits is 5 - 10 times that of regular-season fruits, and the economic benefits are very considerable.

[0005] Yellow-skinned and white-fleshed pitaya (commonly known as pitahaya) originated in the tropical rainforest regions of Central America such as Ecuador and is a perennial fruit tree of the genus Selenicereus in the family Cactaceae. Because its outer skin is golden yellow throughout, it is smooth, sweet, and the flesh is soft and moist after being eaten, and its taste is similar to that of bird's nest, so it is called pitahaya. Due to its good quality, the price of off-season pitahaya is as high as 60 - 100 yuan per catty. In recent years, with the expansion of the planting area, the price has also remained at 30 - 40 yuan per catty. Driven by higher economic benefits, more growers have entered the market. At present, the domestic planting of pitahaya is in its infancy, and the prospect is broad.

[0006] However, the existing LED supplementary lighting technology for pitaya still has problems such as weak light source targeting, unstable supplementary lighting effect, low flowering rate, and serious energy consumption. In particular, pitahaya and common pitaya are different species of the same genus, and their flowering and fruiting characteristics are very different from those of ordinary pitaya. There is a lack of a dedicated LED light formula for pitahaya, resulting in uneven application effects of LED supplementary lighting technology in the industry and somewhat frustrating the confidence of growers.

[0007] The Chinese invention patent with publication number CN110352732B discloses an LED spectrum formula for promoting flowering, increasing yield and improving quality of pitaya, as well as its device and application. The radiation power of each band accounts for 1%-2% of 380nm-410nm, 20-28% of 411nm-500nm, 20%-28% of 501nm-600nm, 35%-50% of 601nm-700nm, and 6%-13% of 701nm-780nm. This spectrum formula can achieve delayed harvesting of pitaya in autumn, but due to the differences in growth characteristics between bird's nest fruit and ordinary pitaya, this spectrum formula has no obvious effect on the off-season flowering of bird's nest fruit.

[0008] A Chinese invention patent with publication number CN108207381A discloses a light supplement system for growing pitaya and the plant growth lamp it uses. By using a combination of red and blue light and the optimal light supplement height, the production period and yield of pitaya can be advanced, and the fruit quality can be improved. However, it cannot achieve off-season flowering, and the effect on improving the economic value of pitaya is low.

[0009] Therefore, developing an LED light formula that can efficiently induce yellow-skinned, white-fleshed dragon fruit (commonly known as bird's nest fruit) to bloom is particularly important for the healthy development of the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0010] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a light formula and application thereof for efficiently inducing off-season flowering of bird's nest fruit, so as to achieve seasonal flowering by supplementing light for bird's nest fruit, increase yield and improve economic benefits.

[0011] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0012] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a light formula that is highly efficient in inducing off-season flowering of bird's nest fruit, the light formula comprising light with wavelengths of 620nm and 565nm, the light intensity ratio of the two single wavelengths of 620nm and 565nm being 3-5:1, for example, it can be 3:1, 3.5:1, 4:1, 4.5:1, or 5:1.

[0013] Furthermore, the light formula has a photosynthetic flux density of 20-50 umol.m -2 .s -1 , for example, it can be 20umol.m -2 .s -1 、25umol.m -2 .s -1 、30umol.m -2 .s -1 、35umol.m -2 .s -1 、40umol.m -2 .s-1 , 45 μmol·m -2 .s -1 , 50 μmol·m -2 .s -1 。

[0014] Furthermore, the nightly irradiation time of the light formula is 3 - 5 h, for example, it can be 3 h, 3.5 h, 4 h, 4.5 h, 5 h; preferably, the light formula is only used starting from evening.

[0015] Furthermore, the light intensity ratio of the 620 nm light to the 565 nm light is 3.5 - 4.5:1, for example, it can be 3.5:1, 3.6:1, 3.7:1, 3.8:1, 3.9:1, 4:1, 4.1:1, 4.2:1, 4.3:1, 4.4:1, 4.5:1; preferably it is 3.8 - 4.2:1; more preferably it is 3.9 - 4.1:1.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention provides the application of the light formula as described above in the cultivation of pitaya.

[0017] Furthermore, the application is to induce off-season flowering of pitaya.

[0018] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for efficiently inducing off-season flowering of pitaya, the method comprising the following steps: irradiating pitaya with a mixed light source, the light emitted by the mixed light source includes light with wavelengths of 620 nm and 565 nm, and the light intensity ratio of the two single wavelengths of 620 nm and 565 nm is 3 - 5:1, for example, it can be 3:1, 3.5:1, 4:1, 4.5:1, 5:1.

[0019] Furthermore, the photosynthetic photon flux density of the light emitted by the mixed light source on the trellis surface is 20 - 50 μmol·m -2 .s -1 , for example, it can be 20 μmol·m -2 .s -1 , 25 μmol·m -2 .s -1 , 30 μmol·m -2 .s -1 , 35 μmol·m -2 .s -1 , 40 μmol·m -2 .s -1 , 45 μmol·m -2 .s -1 , 50 μmol·m -2 .s -1 。

[0020] Furthermore, the nightly irradiation time of the mixed light source is 3 - 5 h, for example, it can be 3 h, 3.5 h, 4 h, 4.5 h, 5 h.

[0021] Furthermore, the light intensity ratio of red light (light with a wavelength of 620 nm) to green light (light with a wavelength of 565 nm) is 3.5 - 4.5:1. For example, it can be 3.5:1, 3.6:1, 3.7:1, 3.8:1, 3.9:1, 4:1, 4.1:1, 4.2:1, 4.3:1, 4.4:1, 4.5:1; preferably 3.8 - 4.2:1; more preferably 3.9 - 4.1:1.

[0022] Preferably, the mixed light source uses an LED lamp.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the light formula for efficiently inducing off-season flowering of pitahaya and its application of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0024] The light formula for efficiently inducing off-season flowering of pitahaya of the present invention includes red and green mixed light with specific proportions and specific wavelengths, without light sources in other wavelength bands. Using this mixed light to irradiate pitahaya can specifically induce off-season flowering of pitahaya, and can significantly increase the number of flowers, thereby greatly increasing the yield per plant, greatly increasing the economic benefits of pitahaya cultivation, and promoting the development of the pitahaya cultivation industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments and descriptions thereof of the present invention are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention. In the drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the results of inducing pitahaya flowering by light quality, LED lamp power and light supplement time of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the results of inducing pitahaya flowering by single-wavelength experimental examples of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the results of inducing pitahaya flowering by the examples and comparative examples of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0029] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0030] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0031] In each experimental example and embodiment of the present invention, yellow-skinned and white-fleshed pitayas, commonly known as "bird's nest pitayas", were used as materials. The experimental sites were the Fruit Tree Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the pitaya planting base in Lapu Village, Xiaolou Town, Zengcheng District, Guangzhou City. 10 LED lights were set in each experimental example or embodiment, with a lamp distance of 1.5 meters, and repeated three times.

[0032] LED Lamp Power and Supplementary Lighting Time Experiment

[0033] LED lights with different light qualities were made using fluorescent powder as the light source, including pink light, yellow light, and green light. The bird's nest pitayas were irradiated and supplemented with light using different powers and different supplementary lighting times. There were 30 lamps of each type, with 10 lamps in a group and 3 repetitions, to explore the effects of different light qualities, light intensities, and supplementary lighting times on the number of off-season flower formations. The results are as Figure 1 shown.

[0034] From Figure 1 it can be seen that among each supplementary lighting period, the supplementary lighting treatment starting in the evening has the best effect, and the supplementary lighting in the early morning hardly induces flower formation. In the same supplementary lighting period, a supplementary lighting duration of 3 hours has a better effect than 2 hours. At the same light intensity, different light qualities have different effects on the induction of off-season flower formation. Among them, the green light has the best effect, followed by the yellow light, and finally the pink light. For the same light quality, when the power of the LED lamp is 15W, the effect of promoting off-season flower formation is the best.

[0035] Single-Wavelength Induction Experiment

[0036] 10 types of single-wavelength and two types of full-spectrum LED lights were customized as the light sources for Single-Wavelength Experimental Examples 1-12. The light wavelengths emitted by the LED lights used in Single-Wavelength Experimental Examples 1-12 were 4000k white light (solar-like spectrum), 4000K white light (ordinary), 730nm, 660nm, 625nm, 620nm, 605nm, 590nm, 565nm, 530nm, 520nm, and 450nm. There were 30 lamps of each type, with 10 lamps in a group and 3 repetitions. The power of the LED lamp was 15w, and the bird's nest pitayas were irradiated and supplemented with light. The photosynthetic photon flux density PPFD on the shelf was 30 umol.m -2 .s -1 , and supplementary lighting was carried out for 4 hours every night (18:15 - 22:15). The non-supplementary lighting treatment was used as the control group to explore the effects of different light qualities on the number of off-season flower formations. The results are shown in Table 1 and Figure 2 shown.

[0037] Table 1 Number of Flowers Induced by Different Single-Wavelength LED Supplementary Lights

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] As can be seen from Table 1, different light qualities have different effects on the off-season flowering of pitaya. Among them, the effect of 620nm is the best, followed by 660nm and 4000k, the effect of 730nm is not good, the effects of 625nm, 605nm and 590nm are relatively poor, and no flower buds germinate under 520nm and 450nm. It can be seen that different single-wavelength LED light sources have different effects on the off-season flowering of pitaya.

[0041] From Figure 2 It can be seen that for the four single-wavelength LED light sources of 605nm, 620nm, 625nm, 660nm and 730nm, the effect of flower induction on pitaya does not show a trend that the better the flower induction effect is with the increase of wavelength. Instead, the effect of 620nm is the best and that of 660nm is the second best. The LED light source of 625nm, which has only a 5nm difference from 620nm, has a very poor effect on flower induction and is significantly lower than that of 620nm. Thus, it can be seen that the effect of LED single-wavelength light source on flower induction of pitaya has specific wavelength dependence.

[0042] Mixed light induction experiment

[0043] Based on the results of the single-wavelength induction experiment, a mixed light induction experiment was carried out. The power of the LED lights used in Mixed Light Experiment Examples 1-9 was 15w, and the photosynthetic photon flux density PPFD on the shelf was 30umol.m -2 .s -1 , and light was supplemented for 4 hours every night (18:15 - 22:15). There were 30 lamps of each type, with 10 in a group and 3 replicates. Using 4000k white light (ordinary) as the control group, the effects of different mixed lights on the number of off-season flowers were explored. The light wave combinations and the number of induced flowers in Mixed Light Experiment Examples 1-9 are shown in Table 2.

[0044] Table 2 Response of the number of flowers of pitaya to different LED light formulas

[0045]

[0046]

[0047] As can be seen from Table 2, Mixed Light Experiment Examples 1-3 are different proportion combinations of FR and R. With the increase of the FR proportion, the number of induced flowers shows a decreasing trend; and it can also be seen from Mixed Light Experiment Example 6 that when a certain proportion of FR is added to 4000k, the number of flowers actually decreases. Thus, it can be seen that FR has no effect on inducing the flowering of pitaya. From the experiment on the red-blue light ratio (660nm, 450nm), it is found that a high proportion of blue light is not conducive to flower induction of pitaya. However, adding 565nm and 660nm to 4000k white light significantly promotes the flowering effect, especially the role of 565nm is more prominent.

[0048] Based on the results of the comprehensive single-wavelength induction experiment and the mixed light induction experiment, it is proved that 565nm and 620nm are the key peak wavelengths for inducing flower formation in pitaya, and play an important role in inducing off-season flower formation in pitaya.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] In this example, a LED light source with a light formula of 565nm:620nm = 1:3 was used to irradiate and supplement light to pitaya. The power of the LED lamp was 15w, with 10 in a group and 3 repetitions. The photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) on the shelf was 30 umol.m -2 .s -1 , and the light was supplemented for 4 hours every night (18:15 - 22:15).

[0051] Example 2

[0052] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that in Example 2, a LED light source with a light formula of 565nm:620nm = 1:5 was used to irradiate and supplement light to pitaya.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that in Example 3, a LED light source with a light formula of 565nm:620nm = 1:4 was used to irradiate and supplement light to pitaya.

[0055] Comparative Example 1

[0056] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that in Comparative Example 1, a LED light source with a light formula of 565nm:4000K white light = 1:5 was used to irradiate and supplement light to pitaya.

[0057] Comparative Example 2

[0058] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that in Comparative Example 2, a LED light source with a light formula of 565nm:620nm = 1:1 was used to irradiate and supplement light to pitaya.

[0059] Comparative Example 3

[0060] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that in Comparative Example 3, a LED light source with a light formula of 565nm:620nm = 1:10 was used to irradiate and supplement light to pitaya.

[0061] Comparative Example 4

[0062] The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that in Comparative Example 4, 4000K white light (ordinary) was used to irradiate and supplement light to pitaya.

[0063] The results of the number of flowers induced in pitaya by Examples 1 - 3 and Comparative Examples 1 - 4 are shown in Table 3 and Figure 3As shown, the pitaya fruit yield results are shown in Table 4.

[0064] Table 3 Response of Different LED Light Formulas to the Number of Flower Buds of Pitaya Fruit

[0065] Number Light formula Number of flower buds (pcs) Example 1 565nm:620nm = 1:3 158±15.87 Example 2 565nm:620nm = 1:5 164.3333±17.16 Example 3 565nm:620nm = 1:4 171±14.12 Comparative Example 1 565nm:4000K white light = 1:5 126.3333±14.84 Comparative Example 2 565nm:620nm = 1:1 100±10.54 Comparative Example 3 565nm:620nm = 1:10 100.6667±4.04 Comparative Example 4 4000K white light (ordinary) 88.67±9.87

[0066] Table 4 Influence of Different LED Light Formulas on the Yield of Pitaya Fruit

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] From Tables 3 - 4 and Figure 1 it can be seen that the light formulas for inducing flower bud formation of pitaya fruit 565nm:620nm = 1:3, 565nm:620nm = 1:4, and 565nm:620nm = 1:5 have significantly higher numbers of induced flower buds than other treatments. The per - mu yields are 78.2%, 92.86%, and 85.34% higher than that of 4000k white light (ordinary) respectively. The light formula of the present invention is composed of specific wavelengths and specific ratios of spectra. Irradiating pitaya fruit with the LED light source using this light formula can significantly increase the number of flower buds, can induce off - season flower bud formation of pitaya fruit, and can increase the yield per plant, greatly increasing the economic benefits of pitaya fruit cultivation and promoting the development of the pitaya fruit cultivation industry.

[0070] The embodiments described above are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. Application of light formula in pitaya cultivation, characterized in that: The light formula consists of light with wavelengths of 620 nm and 565 nm, and the light intensity ratio of the 620 nm light to the 565 nm light is 3 - 5:

1. The application is to induce off-season flowering of pitaya, and the photosynthetic photon flux density on the shelf of the light formula is 20 - 50 μmol.m -2 .s -1 , and the irradiation time of the light formula every night is 3 - 5 h.

2. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light intensity ratio of 620nm to 565nm illumination is 3.5 - 4.5:

1.

3. A method for efficiently inducing off-season flowering of pitaya, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: irradiating pitaya fruits with a mixed light source, the light emitted by the mixed light source consists of light with wavelengths of 620 nm and 565 nm, the light intensity ratio of the two single-wavelength lights of 620 nm and 565 nm is 3 - 5:1, and the light shelf photosynthetic photon flux density of the light emitted by the mixed light source is 20 - 50 umol.m -2 .s -1 , and the irradiation time of the mixed light source every night is 3 - 5 h.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein: The light intensity ratio of 620nm to 565nm illumination is 3.5 - 4.5:1.

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