Method for improving decomposition rate of tending residues

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of forest tending, and discloses a method for increasing the decomposition rate of tending residues. Comprising the following steps: crushing and drying the tending residues, then adding water, urea, EM bacteria, trichoderma longibrachiatum and aspergillus fumigatus into the tending residues, carrying out composting treatment on the tending residues subjected to mixed treatment for 6-7 months, and inserting a breather pipe into the tending residues in the composting process; in the composting process, multiple times of stirring are carried out, and after composting is finished, tending residues are flatly laid under the forest; according to the invention, the decomposition of the tending material is promoted through the specifically matched compound bacteria in combination with the modes of turning and stirring and inserting the vent holes; and the decomposition rate of the tending residues is fully and effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of forest tending and relates to a method for improving the decomposition rate of tending residues. Background Art

[0002] Forest tending felling is a technical measure to regularly and repeatedly cut down some trees in immature forests from the closure of the forest stand to the main felling, so as to create better growth environment conditions for the remaining trees and obtain some timber at the same time. It is also called intermediate utilization felling, or thinning for short. It is a forestry measure to regularly cut down some trees from the closure of the young forest to the age class before the main felling of the mature forest. It is also called tending thinning, intermediate felling, or thinning for short. Its main purpose is to ensure the dominant position of the target tree species and excellent trees, improve the quality of the forest stand, improve the quality, shorten the term, enhance the protective role, and better play the economic, ecological and social benefits of the forest. It can also provide a large number of medium and small diameter timber, so it is also a means of intermediate utilization. Tending felling has a dual meaning. It is both a measure to cultivate forests and a means to obtain some timber. But its focus is on cultivating forests. Different types of forests and tending felling at different times have different purposes and tasks. In the process of forest cultivation and logging, a large amount of residues such as bark, roots, and leaves will be generated. If the residues are not handled in a timely manner, it will not only cause waste of resources but also easily bring safety hazards.

[0003] The existing patent CN114868581A discloses a method for processing forest tending and felling residues, including collecting the residues obtained after forest tending and felling, crushing them, and collecting them in a centralized manner; spraying water, flame retardants and degradation agents on the crushed residues, and then spreading them on the forest land and covering them with a film. This improves the soil fertility in the forest area and promotes the production and development of trees. This technology focuses on the protection and improvement of the soil in the forest area, and there is no better solution for how to fully and effectively improve the decomposition of tending residues. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and proposes a method for increasing the decomposition rate of tending residues; the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A method for increasing the decomposition rate of tending residues comprises the following steps: S1. Crushing: crushing and drying the residues of the cultivation consisting of branches and needles; S2, mixing: adding water to the incubation residue treated by S1 to a water content of 55-65%, adding urea with a mass percentage of 3-6% of the incubation residue, and then adding a composite bacterial agent with a mass percentage of 2.5-3.5% of the incubation residue; the composite bacterial agent is composed of EM bacteria, long-branch Trichoderma and Aspergillus fumigatus; the viable bacterial unit of the composite bacterial agent is 140-190 cfu / L.

[0005] S3. Compost the residues after the mixing process in S2 for 6 to 7 months, insert ventilation holes into the residues during the composting process, and stir the residues several times during the composting process.

[0006] S4. Spread the remaining materials after treatment in S3 under the forest.

[0007] Preferably, the drying is carried out at 65° C. to constant weight.

[0008] Preferably, the volume ratio of Trichoderma longibrachiatum to Aspergillus fumigatus is 1:1.

[0009] Preferably, the composting is to pack the residues after the S2 mixing treatment into a plurality of decomposition bags, and then put the plurality of decomposition bags into a nylon bag.

[0010] Better yet, place the nylon bag outdoors.

[0011] Preferably, the nylon bag is sprayed with water once a month.

[0012] Preferably, the time for paving under the forest is 4 to 8 months.

[0013] Preferably, the tending residues consist of 60% by mass of branches and 40% by mass of needles.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows: The present invention first composts the cultivated material before laying it under the forest. During the composting process, the temperature and moisture of the composting system are relatively suitable, which is conducive to the metabolism of microorganisms and the utilization of materials. When the activity of microorganisms is enhanced, the decomposition rate of the cultivated material is significantly increased. The present invention promotes the decomposition of the cultivated material by preparing a specific proportion of composite bacteria, that is, using EM bacteria, Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichoderma longibrachiatum, and combining the treatment combination of stirring and inserting vents. The decomposition rate of the cultivated material reaches 23.05% in 6 months. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the decomposition rate of the nurture; Figure 2 This is the pH change diagram of the culture; Figure 3 Effect diagram for the degradation of cellulose in the culture; Figure 4 This is the TOC change diagram of the nursery; Figure 5 This is the TN change diagram of the nurture. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection is not limited thereto.

[0017] This embodiment provides a method for increasing the decomposition rate of the tending residues: 1. Location and Overview of the Examples The location is located in the Guancenshan State-owned Forest Management Bureau of Shanxi Province, China. The entire business scope is located in the western part of Yuanping City, on the east side of the Yunzhong Mountain Range, with geographical coordinates of 38°40' to 38°56' north latitude and 112°27' to 112°38' east longitude. It is distributed in a semi-arc strip, spanning five towns including Gangyang Town, Dalin Township, Daniudian Town, Yunshui Town, and Yanzhuang Town. The forest farm area belongs to the Yunzhong Mountain Range, with an average annual temperature of 8-9℃, an average annual precipitation of about 440mm, and a frost-free period of about 150d; the forest coverage rate is 40.27%, and the standing stock is 147,822 cubic meters. The main tree species in the forest farm are artificially planted Larix principis-rupprechtii, Pinus tabulaeformis, and natural birch and poplar; the main shrubs are Spiraea, Honeysuckle, Hazelnut, and Yellow Rose; the main herbaceous plants are Cottonwood, Artemisia, and Cyperus; the main wild animals are wild boars, roe deer, badgers, and Partridge.

[0018] 2. Materials Nitrogen source: Boyuan brand urea from Yangmei Pingyuan Chemical Co., Ltd.; Bacterial agent: EM bacteria (Shandong Beijia Biotechnology Co., Ltd.); Trichoderma longifolia (numbered CICC 40202) and Aspergillus fumigatus (numbered CICC 40232) were purchased from China Industrial Microbiological Culture Collection (CICC); Wood vinegar: wood vinegar from Jinan Xinhaoyang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. All chemical reagents used were analytically pure and purchased from Aladdin Reagent Company.

[0019] The purchased strains were first expanded in liquid culture at 30°C with shaking for 1-3 days.

[0020] EM bacteria: EM bacteria dilution factor 500 (1 ml bacterial solution, 500 ml water) (EM bacteria solution: dissolve 100 g brown sugar in hot water, add to EM bacteria after cooling), culture at room temperature for 48 hours, then add 2% wood vinegar. Culture medium: Aspergillus fumigatus (malt extract medium): 5° Be malt extract, natural pH; Trichoderma longifolia (comprehensive potato culture medium): 20% potato juice (200g potato, cut into small pieces, add 1000ml water, boil for 30min, filter with gauze, and make up to 1L with distilled water), glucose: 20g / L, KH2PO4: 3g / L, MgSO4: 1.5g / L, vitamin B1: 0.008g / L, pH6.8-7.0.

[0021] 3. Methods 3.1 Crushing and pretreatment In mid-June 2023, the residual branches and twigs from the Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation of Guancenshan State-owned Forest Management Bureau were taken as the research objects (the main components were 60% branches and 40% needles). They were crushed into particles by a crusher and dried in an oven at 65°C to constant weight.

[0022] The initial mass and physicochemical properties of the tending thinning residue samples were measured, and the organic carbon content was (397.42±15.36) g / kg, the total nitrogen content was (8.21±0.33) g / kg, and the cellulose content was (207.5±3.9) g / kg.

[0023] 3.2 Treatment of residues from nursery Twenty treatment combinations (see Tables 1 and 2 for details) were designed for the nursery residues, including treatment method, aeration method after composting (A), and addition of bacterial agent (B) (2-factor 4-level orthogonal design (L16 (42))).

[0024] Add water to the culture material until the moisture content is about 60%, and add urea 0.5kg / m 3 The bacterial agents were added according to the treatments in Tables 1 and 2, and the addition amount of EM bacteria and cellulose decomposing bacteria (V Trichoderma longibrachiatum: V Aspergillus fumigatus = 1:1) was 3% (mass percentage).

[0025] As the treatment of laying flat under the forest, set up CK, A1-A3, and place 100 decomposition bags under the forest (50g is put into the decomposition bag in each treatment). For the remaining compost and the treatment of laying flat under the forest (T1-T16), 50g is put into the decomposition bag in each treatment, 100 decomposition bags are put into each nylon bag, and then the decomposition bags are placed in 1m*1m*1m nylon bags for composting. Each treatment is repeated 3 times, and a total of 48 nylon bags are set. Then it is composted outdoors and sprayed with water regularly every month. During the composting process, a ventilation pipe is inserted for ventilation, and it is combined with multiple stirring.

[0026] In the order of T1-T16, decomposition bags will be collected once a month in the first 2 months, and subdivision bags will be collected every 2 months in the last 2 months. Three bags will be collected for each treatment each time, i.e. mid-July, mid-August, mid-October, and mid-December 2023.

[0027] 3.3 Determination of relevant indicators After the residue is dried to constant weight, it is crushed with a plant crusher and the properties of the tending material are measured. The decomposition bag is taken back to the laboratory, and the soil and other impurities on the surface of the decomposition bag are first removed. The soil in the decomposition bag is cleaned with distilled water in the laboratory. The residue is dried at 65°C for 48 hours until the mass is constant, and the mass is weighed to obtain the residual amount of the tending thinning residue. The mass residual rate MR of the tending thinning residue is calculated as follows: MR: residual rate of tending material mass; Mt: residual mass of tending material at time t (g); M0: initial mass of tending thinning residue (g); The physical and chemical properties were determined by Compass Technology Co., Ltd. The specific method is as follows: The pH of the culture material was determined by referring to the method of Chen et al.: the extract was prepared (10 g of sample, 50 ml of DI was added and mixed evenly, and the extract was obtained by filtration after shaking (175 rpm, 40 min)), and then measured with a pH meter (PB-10, Sartorius, Germany). The dry matter mass and the content of organic carbon, total nitrogen, and cellulose were determined. The total organic carbon (TOC) was determined by the permanganate method, and the total nitrogen (TN) was determined by a Kjeldahl nitrogen analyzer (SPAD 502, KONICMINOLA, Japan); the cellulose content was determined by the paradigm washing fiber analysis method.

[0028] 3.4 Data Processing All data were first recorded using Microsoft Excel 2010, and line graphs were drawn using ORIGIN 2018.

[0029] 4. Results Analysis 4.1 Changes in the decomposition rate of the nursery material Figure 1 It shows that the decomposition of the tending residues has obvious stages, with a slow decomposition rate in the first three months and a faster decomposition rate in the last month. Different treatment methods can significantly affect the decomposition rate. It can be seen that the decomposition rate of the composting treatment method is 11.2%-12.3% higher than that of the flat paving method alone. Different bacterial species and ventilation methods can also affect the decomposition rate. The decomposition rate changes: T16>T15>T12>T14>T10. The decomposition rate of composting + understory treatment, mixed bacterial agents, and mixed ventilation is significantly higher than that of other treatments.

[0030] 4.2 Changes in pH during decomposition of culture material Depend on Figure 2The measured pH value shows that as the composting process progresses, the pH changes in stages, decreasing slowly in the first three months and significantly in the last month. pH decrease rate: T16>T15>T14>T13>T8. Composting + understory treatment, mixed bacterial agents, and mixed aeration composting methods have a significant effect on reducing pH.

[0031] 4.3 Effect of culture material on cellulose degradation Figure 3 The results showed that the cellulose residues in the culture materials decreased slowly first and then rapidly with the degradation time according to different composting methods, bacterial agents and aeration methods. Cellulose decomposition rate: T12>T10>T16>T9>T11). After 6 months of degradation, the addition of cellulose decomposing bacteria and the use of mixed aeration methods significantly changed the cellulose in the culture materials than other treatments.

[0032] 4.4 Changes in nutrient content of nursery materials The nutrients in the nursery showed different trends during the decomposition process ( Figure 4 and Figure 5 ).

[0033] After 6 months of decomposition, the TOC and TN of the nursery material changed. Compared with the initial value, the C of the remaining litter leaves showed a downward trend, and the N showed an increasing trend. The TOC decline rate: T16>T15>T13>T11>T10, and the TN increase rate: T16>T12>T15>T11>T10.

[0034] Composting + understory treatment, mixed bacteria, and mixed aeration significantly changed the cellulose of the tending material more than other treatments. Crushing treatment is a more suitable method for treating the residues of tending thinning. Sufficient crushing helps the subsequent decomposition. And because the main elements such as N in coniferous forest litter are relatively poor, thinning and the use of chemical fertilizers (especially nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers) can significantly promote the decomposition of litter into humus, and the addition of urea can promote the decomposition of tending materials.

[0035] Moreover, before laying it under the forest, the cultivated materials are firstly composted, which can promote the decomposition of the cultivated materials. After adding the three microorganisms, namely, Trichoderma longifolia, Aspergillus fumigatus and EM bacteria, the compost decomposition has a certain stage due to the different degrees of adaptation of the three added microorganisms to the environment. Then, as the microorganisms adapt to the environment, the decomposition rate accelerates. Then, as the temperature and moisture of the composting system continue to increase during the composting process, it is more conducive to the metabolism of microorganisms and more adequate utilization of materials. When the activity of microorganisms is enhanced, the decomposition rate of the cultivated materials is significantly increased. The present invention promotes the decomposition of cultivated materials through the use of specifically formulated composite bacteria, combined with the method of turning and inserting vents, which is significantly different from other treatment combinations, and the decomposition rate in 6 months reaches 23.05%. This method is conducive to the decomposition of cultivated residues, the restoration of soil fertility, and the provision of a better growth environment for the growth and development of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations.

[0036] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with a specific preferred embodiment. It cannot be determined that the specific embodiments of the present invention are limited to this. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the present invention, which should be regarded as belonging to the present invention and the scope of patent protection determined by the submitted claims.

Claims

1. A method for increasing the decomposition rate of tending residues, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Crushing: crushing and drying the residues of the cultivation consisting of branches and needles; S2, mixing: adding water to the tending residue after S1 treatment to a water content of 55-65%, adding urea with a mass percentage of 3-6% of the tending residue, and then adding a composite bacterial agent with a mass percentage of 2.5-3.5% of the tending residue; the composite bacterial agent is composed of EM bacteria, long-branched Trichoderma and Aspergillus fumigatus; the viable bacterial unit of the composite bacterial agent is 140-190 cfu / L; S3, composting the residues after the mixing process in S2 for 6 to 7 months, inserting ventilation holes in the residues during the composting process; and stirring the residues several times during the composting process; S4. Spread the remaining materials after treatment in S3 under the forest.

2. The method for increasing the decomposition rate of the tending residues according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drying is carried out at 65° C. to a constant weight.

3. The method for increasing the decomposition rate of tending residues according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume ratio of Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Aspergillus fumigatus is 1:

1.

4. The method for increasing the decomposition rate of tending residues according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composting is to pack the residues of the cultivation after the S2 mixing treatment into a plurality of decomposition bags, and then put the plurality of decomposition bags into a nylon bag.

5. The method for increasing the decomposition rate of tending residues according to claim 4, characterized in that: Place the nylon bag outside.

6. The method for increasing the decomposition rate of tending residues according to claim 5, characterized in that: Spray the nylon bag with water once a month.

7. The method for increasing the decomposition rate of tending residues according to claim 6, characterized in that: The time for laying the forest floor is 4 to 8 months.

8. The method for increasing the decomposition rate of tending residues according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tending residues consisted of 60% branches and 40% needles by mass.

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