Granulation device and method for treating waste incineration fly ash

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of waste incineration fly ash treatment, in particular to a granulation device and method for waste incineration fly ash treatment.The granulation device and method are characterized in that firstly, raw waste is extruded, redundant percolate is discharged, the salt content is reduced, and fly ash obtained after combustion is collected; crushing the garbage combustion fly ash, the sludge and the carbon powder according to a fixed mixing ratio, and sieving to obtain a mixed dry material; adding a cement binding material into the mixed dry material, and extruding to obtain ceramsite green pellets; carrying out autoclaved curing on the ceramsite green pellets to obtain the unfired ceramsite with certain strength; and finally, the unfired ceramsite is incinerated in an incinerator along with the original household garbage, and curing of the heavy metal is achieved. According to the granulation device and method for treating the waste incineration fly ash, the waste incineration fly ash, sludge and other solid wastes are utilized, the ceramsite prepared through a non-burning process is good in integrity and high in compression resistance, incineration bottom slag is formed, and curing of heavy metal is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of waste incineration fly ash treatment, and in particular to a granulation device and method for waste incineration fly ash treatment. Background Art

[0003] Sludge contains inorganic substances such as SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, etc., which are the main components of pottery. Therefore, using sludge as the main raw material to burn ceramsite has become a widely studied sludge resource technology.

[0004] Although traditional ceramsite can solidify heavy metals by firing, it often requires the use of other equipment such as cement kilns, which is complicated to operate and requires a large investment. Therefore, it is necessary to design a new method for resource utilization of fly ash from garbage incineration, which can realize the coordinated resource utilization of fly ash and sludge, prepare unfired ceramsite, and solidify heavy metals. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a granulation device and method for treating fly ash from garbage incineration, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a granulation device for treating fly ash from waste incineration, comprising a granulation bin and a discharge bin fixedly installed at the bottom of the granulation bin, a screening bin installed on the top of the granulation bin, and a mixing tank fixedly connected to the top of the screening bin.

[0007] A feed bin is fixedly installed at the bottom of the screening bin, a mounting plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the screening bin, a telescopic spring is fixedly connected to the top of the mounting plate, and a screening plate is fixedly connected to the top of the telescopic spring.

[0008] A stirring motor is fixedly installed on the top of the mixing tank, the output end of the stirring motor is connected to a stirring shaft, a dispersing blade is fixedly connected to the middle of the outer surface of the stirring shaft, and a rotary cutting plate and a crushing blade are cooperatively connected to the outer surface of the stirring shaft.

[0009] Preferably, a transmission bin is installed on one side of the granulation bin, a transmission device is provided on one side of the transmission bin, a belt transmission assembly is provided inside the transmission device, and an input end of the belt transmission assembly is connected to a motor.

[0010] Preferably, the output end of the belt transmission assembly is connected to bevel gear one, the side of bevel gear one is meshingly connected to bevel gear two, the side of bevel gear two away from bevel gear one is meshingly connected to bevel gear three, the center of bevel gear three is fixedly connected to a transmission shaft, and the transmission shaft and bevel gear three are connected via a reducer.

[0011] Preferably, the end of the transmission shaft away from the third center of the helical gear is connected to a conveying auger, a granulation box is installed on the outer surface of the conveying auger, and a machine head is installed on the end of the conveying auger away from the transmission shaft.

[0012] Preferably, a dryer is fixedly installed at the bottom of the granulation box, and discharge ports are provided at equal intervals on the upper surface of the granulation box.

[0013] A granulation method for treating fly ash from garbage incineration comprises the following steps: S1: After the original garbage is naturally piled up for 3-5 days, it is squeezed to discharge excess leachate and reduce the salt content before burning.

[0014] S2: Pour the collected combustion fly ash, sludge and carbon powder into the mixing tank, start the motor to drive the stirring shaft to rotate, and the stirring shaft drives the dispersion blades, the rotary cutting plate and the crushing blades to mix and crush the fly ash, sludge and carbon powder, and then screen them through the screening plate to obtain the mixed dry material.

[0015] S3: Add cement binder to the mixed dry materials. After all the materials enter the granulation bin, start the motor. The output shaft of the motor rotates the belt transmission assembly, which drives the bevel gear 1 to rotate. The bevel gear 1 drives the bevel gear 2 and the bevel gear 3 to rotate in turn. The bevel gear 3 drives the transmission shaft to rotate. The transmission shaft drives the conveying auger to rotate to make the materials enter the granulation box. When the conveying auger drives the subsequent materials to enter the granulation bin, the materials will be discharged from the discharge port in a specific granular shape to obtain ceramsite raw balls.

[0016] S4: The ceramsite raw balls are autoclaved and cured to obtain unburned ceramsite with a certain strength, and the unburned ceramsite is added to the original waste incinerator for combustion to generate combustion bottom ash.

[0017] Preferably, the original garbage in S1 is naturally piled for 3-5 days and then subjected to extrusion treatment, the extrusion time is 5-30 minutes, and the extrusion strength is between 1-2.5 MPa.

[0018] Preferably, 45-50 parts of fly ash from garbage combustion, 35-40 parts of sludge, 5-10 parts of carbon powder, and 10-20 parts of fly ash treatment agent, wherein the fly ash treatment agent contains the following components by weight: 20%-60% Ca(OH) 2 , 15%-50% sodium thiosulfate, 20%-50% silicate; Preferably, the particle size of the garbage combustion ash, sludge and carbon powder after screening is 100-200 μm, and the SiO 2 Content ≥ 25%, Al 2 O 3 The content is ≥25%, and the cementitious material is added in an amount of 10%-20% of the mixed dry materials.

[0019] Preferably, the conditions for autoclave curing in S4 are: pressure 0.5-1.5MPa, temperature 180-200°C, curing time 8-12h, the particle size of the unburned ceramsite is 5-10mm, the bulk density is 800-1100kg / m3, the compressive strength is 5-15MPa, the unburned ceramsite is fed into the incinerator along with the original domestic waste, the combustion temperature is ≥850°C, and the residence time is ≥0.5h.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The granulation device and method for waste incineration fly ash treatment use a combustion-free process to prepare ceramsite with good integrity and high compressive resistance, forming incineration bottom ash and achieving the solidification of heavy metals. It does not rely on other kilns such as cement kilns, but relies on the waste incinerator's own equipment to solve the fly ash problem, has a very broad application prospect, and simultaneously realizes the coordinated resource utilization of fly ash and sludge. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative labor.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the transmission bin of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the granulation bin of the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure enlargement in the middle; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the screening bin of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the mixing tank of the present invention.

[0023] In the figure: 1. granulation bin; 2. discharge bin; 3. transmission bin; 4. transmission device; 401. motor; 402. belt transmission assembly; 403. bevel gear one; 404. bevel gear two; 405. bevel gear three; 406. reducer; 407. transmission shaft; 408. conveying auger; 409. granulation box; 4091. discharge port; 4092. dryer; 410. machine head; 5. screening bin; 501. feed bin; 502. mounting plate; 503. telescopic spring; 504. screening plate; 6. mixing tank; 601. stirring motor; 602. stirring shaft; 603. dispersion blades; 604. rotary cutting plate; 605. crushing blades. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0026] See also Figure 1-Figure 6 , the present invention provides a technical solution: A granulation device for treating fly ash from garbage incineration comprises a granulation bin 1 and a discharge bin 2 fixedly installed at the bottom of the granulation bin 1, a screening bin 5 is installed on the top of the granulation bin 1, and a mixing tank 6 is fixedly connected to the top of the screening bin 5; A feed bin 501 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the screening bin 5, a mounting plate 502 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the screening bin 5, a telescopic spring 502 is fixedly connected to the top of the mounting plate 502, a screening plate 504 is fixedly connected to the top of the telescopic spring 502, and a plurality of filtering holes are opened on the surface of the screening plate 504. After the mixed and crushed mixed dry materials fall on the screening plate 504, the mixed dry materials with small diameters will fall from the filtering holes into the inside of the granulation bin 1. When the weight on the top of the screening plate 504 increases, the telescopic spring 502 will be gradually squeezed. When the telescopic spring 502 is squeezed to the maximum compression, it will be pushed upward to cause a small vibration on the surface of the screening plate 504, and the vibration of the materials accumulated on the screening plate 504 will improve the screening effect.

[0027] A stirring motor 601 is fixedly installed on the top of the mixing tank 6, and a stirring shaft 602 is connected to the output end of the stirring motor 601. A dispersing blade 603 is fixedly connected to the middle of the outer surface of the stirring shaft 602. A rotary cutting plate 604 and a crushing blade 605 are cooperatively connected to the outer surface of the stirring shaft 601.

[0028] A transmission bin 3 is installed on one side of the granulation bin 1, a transmission device 4 is arranged on one side of the transmission bin 3, a belt transmission assembly 402 is arranged inside the transmission device 4, the input end of the belt transmission assembly 402 is connected to the motor 401, the output end of the belt transmission assembly 402 is connected to the bevel gear 1 403, the side of the bevel gear 1 403 is meshedly connected to the bevel gear 2 404, the side of the bevel gear 2 404 away from the bevel gear 1 403 is meshedly connected to the bevel gear 3 405, the center of the bevel gear 3 405 is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft 407, the transmission shaft 407 and the bevel gear 3 405 are connected by a reducer 406, and the end of the transmission shaft 407 away from the center of the bevel gear three 405 is connected to a conveying auger 408, a granulation box 409 is installed on the outer surface of the conveying auger 408, and a machine head 410 is installed on the end of the conveying auger 408 away from the transmission shaft 407, a dryer 4092 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the granulation box 409, and discharge ports 4091 are opened at equal intervals on the upper surface of the granulation box 409, and the dryer 4092 is used to dry the ceramsite raw balls during the granulation process to reduce the moisture contained in the ceramsite raw balls during the granulation process.

[0029] A granulation method for treating fly ash from garbage incineration comprises the following steps: S1: After the original garbage is naturally piled up for 3-5 days, it is squeezed to discharge excess leachate and reduce the salt content before burning; S2: Pour the collected combustion fly ash, sludge and carbon powder into the mixing tank 6, start the motor 601 to drive the stirring shaft 602 to rotate, and the stirring shaft 602 drives the dispersing blade 603, the rotary cutting plate 604 and the crushing blade 605 to mix and crush the fly ash, sludge and carbon powder, and then screen them through the screening plate 504 to obtain a mixed dry material; S3: Add cement binder to the mixed dry materials. After all the materials enter the granulation bin 1, start the motor 401. The output shaft of the motor 401 rotates the belt transmission assembly 402. The belt transmission assembly 402 drives the bevel gear 1 403 to rotate. The bevel gear 1 403 drives the bevel gear 2 404 and the bevel gear 3 405 to rotate in turn. The bevel gear 3 405 drives the transmission shaft 407 to rotate. The transmission shaft 407 drives the conveying auger 408 to rotate to make the materials enter the granulation box 409. When the conveying auger 408 drives the subsequent materials to enter the granulation bin 409, the materials will be discharged from the discharge port 4091 in a specific granular shape to obtain ceramsite raw balls. S4: The ceramsite raw balls are autoclaved and cured to obtain unburned ceramsite with a certain strength, and the unburned ceramsite is added to the original waste incinerator for combustion to generate combustion bottom ash.

[0030] After the original garbage in S1 is naturally piled for 3-5 days, it is extruded. The extrusion time is 5-30 minutes and the extrusion strength is between 1-2.5MPa.

[0031] The mass proportions of each raw material are: 45-50 parts of fly ash from garbage combustion, 35-40 parts of sludge, 5-10 parts of carbon powder, and 10-20 parts of fly ash treatment agent. The fly ash treatment agent contains the following ingredients by weight: 40% Ca(OH) 2 , 30% sodium thiosulfate, 30% silicate. The particle size of garbage combustion ash, sludge and carbon powder after sieving is 100μm. 2 The content is 30%, Al 2 O 3 The content is 30%, cement binder, the addition amount is 10%-20% of the mixed dry materials.

[0032] Fly ash treatment agent is activated by Ca(OH) 2 It works together with the composite phosphate sodium thiosulfate to activate the reactivity of heavy gold ions and reduce the reactivity of calcium ions and magnesium ions during the treatment process, so that the composite phosphate can fully react with heavy metal ions, thereby enhancing the heavy metal capture efficiency of the composite phosphate.

[0033] The conditions for autoclave curing in S4 are: pressure 1.5MPa, temperature 200℃, curing time 10h, particle size of unfired ceramsite 5mm, bulk density 1000kg / m 3 , compressive strength 10MPa, unburned expanded clay is put into the incinerator along with original domestic waste, the combustion temperature is 900℃, and the residence time is 0.5h.

[0034] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the statement "comprise a ..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0035] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A granulation device for treating fly ash from waste incineration, comprising a granulation bin (1) and a discharge bin (2) fixedly mounted at the bottom of the granulation bin (1), characterized in that: A screening bin (5) is installed on the top of the granulation bin (1), and a mixing tank (6) is fixedly connected to the top of the screening bin (5); A feed bin (501) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the screening bin (5), a mounting plate (502) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the screening bin (5), a telescopic spring (502) is fixedly connected to the top of the mounting plate (502), and a screening plate (504) is fixedly connected to the top of the telescopic spring (502); A stirring motor (601) is fixedly mounted on the top of the mixing tank (6); the output end of the stirring motor (601) is connected to a stirring shaft (602); a dispersing blade (603) is fixedly connected to the middle of the outer surface of the stirring shaft (602); and a rotary cutting plate (604) and a crushing blade (605) are cooperatively connected to the outer surface of the stirring shaft (601).

2. A granulation device for treating fly ash from garbage incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: A transmission bin (3) is installed on one side of the granulation bin (1), a transmission device (4) is provided on one side of the transmission bin (3), a belt transmission assembly (402) is provided inside the transmission device (4), and an input end of the belt transmission assembly (402) is connected to a motor (401).

3. A granulation device for treating fly ash from garbage incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output end of the belt transmission assembly (402) is connected to a bevel gear one (403), the side of the bevel gear one (403) is meshingly connected to a bevel gear two (404), the side of the bevel gear two (404) away from the bevel gear one (403) is meshingly connected to a bevel gear three (405), the center of the bevel gear three (405) is fixedly connected to a transmission shaft (407), and the transmission shaft (407) and the bevel gear three (405) are connected via a reducer (406).

4. A granulation device for treating fly ash from garbage incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the transmission shaft (407) away from the center of the bevel gear three (405) is connected to a conveying auger (408), a granulation box (409) is installed on the outer surface of the conveying auger (408), and one end of the conveying auger (408) away from the transmission shaft (407) is installed with a machine head (410).

5. The granulation device for waste incineration fly ash treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A dryer (4092) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the granulation box (409), and discharge ports (4091) are provided at equal intervals on the upper surface of the granulation box (409).

6. A granulation method for treating waste incineration fly ash according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: After the original garbage is naturally piled up for 3-5 days, it is squeezed to discharge excess leachate and reduce the salt content before burning; S2: Pour the collected combustion fly ash, sludge, carbon powder and fly ash treatment agent into the interior of the mixing tank (6), start the motor (601) to drive the stirring shaft (602) to rotate, and the stirring shaft (602) drives the dispersion blade (603), the rotary cutting plate (604) and the crushing blade (605) to mix and crush the fly ash, sludge and carbon powder, and then screen them through the screening plate (504) to obtain a mixed dry material; S3: Cement binder is added to the mixed dry materials. After all the materials enter the granulation bin (1), the motor (401) is started. The output shaft of the motor (401) causes the belt transmission assembly (402) to rotate. The belt transmission assembly (402) drives the bevel gear 1 (403) to rotate. The bevel gear 1 (403) drives the bevel gear 2 (404) and the bevel gear 3 (405) to rotate in sequence. The bevel gear 3 (405) drives the transmission shaft (407) to rotate. The transmission shaft (407) drives the conveying auger (408) to rotate so that the materials enter the granulation box (409). When the conveying auger (408) drives the subsequent materials to enter and squeeze, the materials are discharged from the discharge port (4091) in a specific granular shape to obtain ceramsite raw balls. S4: The ceramsite raw balls are autoclaved and cured to obtain unburned ceramsite with a certain strength, and the unburned ceramsite is added to the original waste incinerator for combustion to generate combustion bottom ash.

7. A granulation method for treating fly ash from waste incineration according to claim 6, characterized in that: After the original garbage in S1 is naturally piled for 3-5 days, it is subjected to extrusion treatment, the extrusion time is 5-30 minutes, and the extrusion strength is between 1-2.5 MPa.

8. A granulation method for treating fly ash from waste incineration according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mass proportions of the raw materials are: 45-50 parts of fly ash from garbage combustion, 35-40 parts of sludge, 5-10 parts of carbon powder, and 10-20 parts of fly ash treatment agent. The fly ash treatment agent contains the following components by weight: 20%-60% Ca(OH)2, 15%-50% sodium thiosulfate, and 20%-50% silicate.

9. A granulation method for treating fly ash from waste incineration according to claim 6, characterized in that: The particle size of the garbage combustion ash, sludge and carbon powder after screening is 100-200 μm, the SiO2 content of the sludge is ≥25%, the Al2O3 content is ≥25%, and the cementitious material is added in an amount of 10%-20% of the mixed dry material.

10. A granulation method for treating fly ash from waste incineration according to claim 6, characterized in that: The conditions for autoclaving in S4 are: pressure 0.5-1.5MPa, temperature 180-200°C, curing time 8-12h, particle size of unburned ceramsite 5-10mm, bulk density 800-1100kg / m3, compressive strength 5-15MPa, unburned ceramsite is put into the incinerator along with original domestic waste, combustion temperature ≥850°C, residence time ≥0.5h.

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