A method for preparing an intelligent anti-icing coating for a transmission line

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for preparing an intelligent anti-icing coating for a transmission line. First, near-infrared photothermal filler and graded heat storage and deicing filler are prepared, and then the fillers are mixed with epoxy resin, silane coupling agent, curing agent, defoaming agent and solvent to obtain an intelligent anti-icing coating. Finally, the intelligent anti-icing coating is evenly sprayed onto the cable and cured at high temperature to obtain an intelligent anti-icing coating. The present invention reduces the bonding force between ice and the coating by forming an uneven surface through different size grading and silane hydrophobic modification. The near-infrared photothermal filler expands the photothermal spectrum to the near-infrared part, and its own high thermal conductivity facilitates the transfer of heat to the surface to melt ice and the heat storage and deicing filler to store heat, thereby improving the photothermal performance. The photothermal material can absorb the heat of the sunlight conversion layer in a wide spectrum to directly melt the ice layer, and store a part of the heat in the phase change material to achieve phase change heat release and continuous ice melting in the absence of light, thereby enhancing the service life of the cable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of anti-icing, and in particular relates to a method for preparing an intelligent anti-icing coating for a transmission line. Background Art

[0002] Icing phenomena such as precipitation icing and sublimation icing are very common in nature. In most cases, the formation of icing will cause great inconvenience to people's production and life. Its continuous adhesion and accumulation on vehicles and external equipment can cause traffic obstructions and equipment damage. Among them, when cooler rain falls on transmission lines at sub-zero temperatures, it will freeze, which is called transmission line icing. Transmission line icing is one of the most serious disasters in the power system. It can cause ice flash, overload, line swaying, and even line breakage and tower collapse, which seriously threaten the safe operation of the power grid. To avoid or mitigate the damage caused by icing on transmission lines, in addition to improving the standards for the anti-icing design of power grid lines, we should also actively consider the use of anti-icing or de-icing technologies.

[0003] By using anti-icing coatings to construct coatings on the surface of transmission lines, the formation and growth of ice on the transmission lines can be actively suppressed and alleviated during icing, which can fundamentally eliminate the occurrence of icing disasters on transmission lines. The anti-icing coating method is a more promising method for anti-icing transmission lines because it consumes less energy and is easy to implement. At present, researchers have developed many anti-icing coatings, most of which are based on micro-nano structures, super-hydrophobic surfaces, photothermal effects, electric heating and deicing principles. However, under extreme conditions, the super-hydrophobic surface ice based on micro-nano structures forms a mechanical interlock with the rough structure of the super-hydrophobic surface, making it more difficult to remove later; at the same time, anti-icing coatings with photothermal effects are greatly affected by weather and have poor continuous anti-icing effects. Therefore, providing an anti-icing coating with super-hydrophobicity, low ice adhesion and intelligent photothermal ice melting properties is of great significance to national security and economic development.

[0004] Zhu et al. (Tao Zhu, Yuan Yuan, Huiying Xiang, et al, A composite pore-structured superhydrophobic aluminum surface for durable anti-icing, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 27, 2023, 8151-8163.) prepared a composite pore structure by a two-step anodization method and successfully constructed a SHP self-healing anti-icing surface with a composite pore structure on aluminum. The hierarchical pore structure improved the durability of the coating and had good anti-icing performance, but the superhydrophobic surface was easily occupied by ice, causing the surface to lose its superhydrophobic properties, thereby causing the surface to lose its anti-icing performance.

[0005] The Chinese patent "Anti-icing Coating, Preparation Method, and Application thereof" (Application Number: CN202410349819.2, Publication Number: CN118421140A, Publication Date: August 2, 2024) discloses an anti-icing coating, preparation method, and application thereof. The coating chemically modifies a fluorocarbon resin using a polysiloxane polymer to introduce silicon-containing groups into the main chain or side chain of the fluorocarbon polymer, forming a block, graft, or interpenetrating network copolymer. The added lubricant provides the film with a smooth coating that isolates ice and water from the surface of the anti-icing film, thereby significantly reducing ice adhesion on the surface of the anti-icing film and exhibiting good anti-icing performance. However, there are problems such as a lack of active ice melting and lubricant consumption, resulting in insufficient long-term anti-icing performance in extreme environments.

[0006] The Chinese patent "A Nano Anti-icing Coating and Its Preparation Method" (Application Number: CN202410824858.3, Publication Number: CN118374195A, Publication Date: July 23, 2024) discloses a nano anti-icing coating and its preparation method. First, nano-SiO2 spheres are prepared. Silane and dendritic macromolecules are then grafted onto the surfaces of the nano-SiO2 spheres and porous fillers, respectively, to produce an anti-icing coating with super-amphiphobicity and strong binding force, exhibiting excellent anti-icing performance. However, the coating suffers from a single micro-nanostructure and lacks active ice melting, resulting in insufficient long-term anti-icing performance in extreme environments.

[0007] The Chinese patent "An anti-icing coating, anti-icing material and preparation method thereof" (application number: CN201911108251.0, authorization announcement number: CN110804395B, authorization publication date: 2021.09.21) discloses an anti-icing coating, an anti-icing material and a preparation method thereof. The base material is placed in iodine vapor for adsorption treatment, and then the anti-icing coating is sprayed on the base material after adsorption treatment. The excellent photothermal properties of iodine vapor are used to achieve a combination of active photothermal deicing and passive anti-icing, which has good anti-icing performance. However, there are insufficient hydrophobic properties, the ice melting effect is greatly affected by the weather, and the continuous anti-icing effect is poor. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an intelligent anti-icing coating for transmission lines, which solves the problems in the prior art that the super-hydrophobic surface of the anti-icing coating is easily occupied by ice, the photothermal coating is greatly affected by the weather, and the continuous anti-icing effect is poor.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0010] A method for preparing an intelligent anti-icing coating for a transmission line is specifically implemented according to the following steps:

[0011] Step 1, preparation of near-infrared photothermal filler:

[0012] Boron nitride and glucose are charged into a ball mill in proportion, ball milled and centrifugally dried to obtain hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets, the obtained hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets are placed in a glass culture dish, and the culture dish is then placed in a sealed environment of saturated iodine vapor for iodine vapor adsorption, and then the hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets are ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol and dried for later use to obtain a near-infrared photothermal filler;

[0013] Step 2, preparing a graded heat storage and deicing filler;

[0014] A phase change material, an emulsifier, deionized water, and a surfactant are uniformly mixed in proportion and stirred at a certain temperature to obtain a phase change material emulsion. TEOS and a catalyst are then added dropwise to the phase change material emulsion and stirred to obtain a phase change microcapsule solution. The phase change microcapsules are obtained after washing and drying. The phase change microcapsules are dispersed in a 5% wt. HCl solution of polyaniline and heated with stirring. The graded heat storage and deicing filler is obtained after washing and drying.

[0015] Step 3: Prepare the intelligent anti-icing coating:

[0016] The near-infrared thermal filler obtained in step 1 and the graded heat storage deicing filler obtained in step 2 are mixed with epoxy resin, solvent and silane coupling agent to uniformly disperse the fillers, and then a curing agent and a defoaming agent are added and stirred to obtain an intelligent anti-icing coating;

[0017] Step 4: Build an intelligent anti-icing coating:

[0018] Add the intelligent anti-icing coating obtained in step 3 into the spray gun, spray the prepared intelligent anti-icing coating vertically on the cable, and place the cable sprayed with the intelligent anti-icing coating in a blast drying oven for curing, so that the intelligent anti-icing coating is prepared on the surface of the cable.

[0019] Furthermore, in step 1, the ratio of boron nitride to glucose is 10 to 1:1, wherein the adsorbed iodine vapor is obtained by sublimation of elemental iodine, and the adsorption temperature is 80 to 120°C.

[0020] Furthermore, the phase change material emulsion prepared in step 2 is composed of the following substances in percentage by mass: 10% to 25% phase change material, 5% to 15% emulsifier, 3% to 10% surfactant, and 50% to 82% deionized water, the total of the above components being 100%.

[0021] Furthermore, in step 2, the phase change material is any one of dodecane, methyl laurate, decanol, and tetradecane, the emulsifier is a span-80 and tween-80 complex in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the surfactant is any one of PVA and CTAB.

[0022] Furthermore, the phase change microcapsule solution prepared in step 2 is composed of the following substances by mass percentage: 75% to 92% of phase change material emulsion, 7% to 20% of TEOS, and 1% to 5% of catalyst, and the total of the above components is 100%.

[0023] Furthermore, the catalyst in step 2 is one of acetic acid and ammonia water, and the reaction temperature for preparing phase change microcapsules is 25-50°C.

[0024] Furthermore, in step 2, the mass ratio of the phase change microcapsules to the 5 wt% HCl solution of polyaniline is 1:50-200, and the diameter of the graded heat storage and deicing filler is 100 nm-1 um.

[0025] Furthermore, the intelligent anti-icing coating in step 3 is composed of the following substances in mass percentage: 1% to 10% near-infrared thermal filler, 1% to 10% graded heat storage deicing filler, 25% to 35% epoxy resin, 1% to 5% silane coupling agent, 0.5% to 1% curing agent, 0.5% to 1% defoaming agent, and 48% to 71% solvent, and the total of the above components is 100%.

[0026] Furthermore, the diameter of the graded heat storage and deicing filler is 100nm:1um, which is 5~1:1; the silane coupling agent is any one of KH-570, KH-560, and KH-580; the solvent is any one of ethanol, DMF, and DMSO; the curing agent is any one of polyamide and tertiary amine; and the defoaming agent is one of fatty alcohol ethoxysiloxane and polyether siloxane.

[0027] Furthermore, in step 4, the spraying speed is 10-30 m / min, the spraying distance is 20-50 mm, the curing time is 30-60 min, and the curing temperature is 50° C.-150° C.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] A method for preparing an intelligent anti-icing coating for transmission lines. The uneven surface composed of different size grading and silane hydrophobic modification reduces the bonding force between the ice and the coating; the near-infrared photothermal filler expands the photothermal spectrum to the near-infrared part, and at the same time, its own high thermal conductivity facilitates the transfer of heat to the surface to melt ice and the heat storage deicing filler to store heat, thereby improving the photothermal performance; the photothermal material can absorb the heat of the sunlight conversion layer in a wide spectrum to directly melt the ice layer, and store a part of the heat inside the phase change material to achieve phase change heat release and continuous ice melting in the absence of light, thereby extending the service life of the cable and having important application prospects in the field of cable anti-icing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the morphology of the intelligent anti-icing coating prepared by the present invention.

[0031] In the accompanying drawings, 1-cable substrate, 2-intelligent anti-icing coating, 3-graded heat storage and deicing filler, 4-near-infrared photothermal filler, 5-hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets, 6-iodine (I), 7-polyaniline, 8-SiO2, 9-phase change material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] A method for preparing an intelligent anti-icing coating for a transmission line is specifically implemented by the following steps:

[0034] Step 1, preparation of near-infrared photothermal filler:

[0035] Boron nitride and glucose are loaded into a ball mill at a ratio of 10 to 1:1, and after ball milling for 8 hours and centrifugal drying, hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets are obtained. The obtained hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets are placed in a glass culture dish, and then placed in a closed environment of iodine vapor to obtain saturated iodine vapor by sublimation of elemental iodine, and iodine vapor is adsorbed at 80 to 120°C for 12 hours. Subsequently, the boron nitride nanosheets are ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 30 minutes, dried for use, and obtained as a near-infrared photothermal filler.

[0036] Step 2, preparing a graded heat storage and deicing filler;

[0037] The following components are prepared by weight: 10% to 25% phase change material, 5% to 15% emulsifier, 3% to 10% surfactant, and 50% to 82% deionized water. The components are mixed and stirred uniformly at a certain temperature to obtain a phase change material emulsion. The phase change material emulsion is then prepared by weight: 75% to 92%, TEOS is 7% to 20%, and catalyst is 1% to 5%. TEOS and catalyst are added dropwise to the phase change material emulsion and stirred for 3 hours to obtain a phase change microcapsule solution. The phase change microcapsules are then washed and dried to obtain phase change microcapsules. The phase change microcapsules are dispersed in a 5% wt. HCl solution of polyaniline at a mass ratio of 1:50 to 200, and heated with stirring. The graded heat storage and deicing filler with a diameter of 100 nm to 1 μm is obtained after washing and drying.

[0038] The phase change material is any one of dodecane, methyl laurate, decanol, tetradecane, etc., the emulsifier is a span-80 and tween-80 complex in a mass ratio of 1:1, the surfactant is any one of PVA, CTAB, etc., the catalyst is one of acetic acid, ammonia water, etc., and the reaction temperature for preparing phase change microcapsules is 25-50°C.

[0039] Step 3: Prepare the intelligent anti-icing coating:

[0040] The near-infrared thermal filler obtained in step 1 and the graded heat storage and deicing filler obtained in step 2 are mixed with epoxy resin, solvent and silane coupling agent in the following mass percentages: 1% to 10% of near-infrared thermal filler, 1% to 10% of graded heat storage and deicing filler, 25% to 35% of epoxy resin, 1% to 5% of silane coupling agent, 0.5% to 1% of curing agent, 0.5% to 1% of defoaming agent, and 48% to 72% of solvent. The mixture is stirred to uniformly disperse the filler to obtain an intelligent anti-icing coating.

[0041] The diameter of the graded heat storage and deicing filler is 100nm:1um, which is 5~1:1; the silane coupling agent is any one of KH-570, KH-560, KH-580, etc.; the solvent is any one of ethanol, DMF, DMSO, etc.; the curing agent is any one of polyamide, tertiary amine, etc.; the defoaming agent is one of fatty alcohol ethoxysiloxane, polyether siloxane, etc.

[0042] Step 4: Build an intelligent anti-icing coating:

[0043] The intelligent anti-icing coating obtained in step 3 was added to a spray gun and vertically sprayed onto the cable. The cable coated with the intelligent anti-icing coating was then dried in a blast drying oven to obtain an intelligent anti-icing coating on the cable surface. The spraying speed was 10-30 m / min, the spraying distance was 20-50 mm, the curing time was 30-60 min, and the curing temperature was 50°C-150°C.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the morphology of the intelligent anti-icing coating prepared by the present invention. Figure 1 It can be seen that the intelligent anti-icing coating 2 is attached to the cable substrate 1, and 6-iodine (I) 6 is adsorbed onto the hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets 5 to form a near-infrared photothermal filler 4, which gives it near-infrared photothermal response performance; the graded heat storage deicing filler 3 is composed of phase change material 9, SiO28 and polyaniline 7 from the inside to the outside. SiO2 encapsulates the phase change material to prevent leakage, and the surface polyaniline is modified to obtain a photothermal response effect. The graded energy storage deicing filler and the near-infrared photothermal filler form an uneven super-hydrophobic surface on the coating, effectively solving the problem of high adhesion after ice accumulation. From the cross-sectional view of the graded energy storage deicing filler, it can be seen that the phase change material is encapsulated inside the high latent heat SiO2, which can emit heat through phase change for a long time in the absence of light, and has long-term anti-icing effect.

[0045] The present invention obtains a photothermal filler responsive to near-infrared light by adsorbing iodine vapor through hydroxyl-modified boron nitride nanosheets, obtains a photothermal filler responsive to visible light by coating polyaniline on the surface of phase change microcapsules, controls its photothermal efficiency by adjusting the iodine vapor adsorption amount and the polyaniline coating amount, and thus adjusts its photothermal ice-melting performance in the presence of light; controls the ratio of the micro / nano size of the graded intelligent anti-icing filler, adjusts the addition amount of the silane coupling agent and the graded intelligent anti-icing filler, constructs an uneven graded super-hydrophobic surface, improves the phenomenon that moisture on the traditional uniform micro-nano surface easily condenses into ice inside the rough structure, and the adhesion force is enhanced, thereby improving the anti-icing and ice-melting desorption performance; by selecting different phase change materials and encapsulating them into high latent heat SiO2 balls, adjusting the addition amount of the phase change material to utilize the high heat transfer capacity of the boron nitride nanosheets, efficiently improving its phase change heat storage capacity, and improving its phase change anti-heat ice-melting effect in the absence of light.

[0046] The present invention reduces the bonding force between ice and coating by creating an uneven surface through different size grading and silane hydrophobic modification; the near-infrared photothermal filler expands the photothermal spectrum to the near-infrared part, and at the same time, its own high thermal conductivity facilitates the transfer of heat to the surface to melt ice and the heat storage deicing filler to store heat, thereby improving the photothermal performance; the photothermal material can absorb the heat of the solar light conversion layer in a wide spectrum to directly melt the ice layer, and store part of the heat in the phase change material to achieve phase change heat release and continuous ice melting in the absence of light, thereby extending the service life of the cable and having important application prospects in the field of cable anti-icing.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] Boron nitride and glucose were loaded into a ball mill at a ratio of 5:1, and after ball milling for 8 hours and centrifugal drying, hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets were obtained. The obtained hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets were placed in a glass culture dish, and then placed in a closed environment of iodine vapor to obtain saturated iodine vapor by sublimation of elemental iodine, and iodine vapor was adsorbed at 80°C for 12 hours. Subsequently, the boron nitride nanosheets were ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 30 minutes and dried for use to obtain near-infrared photothermal fillers.

[0049] The following components are prepared by weight: 25% dodecane, 5% span-80 and tween-80 complex in a mass ratio of 1:1 as an emulsifier, 3% PVA, and 67% deionized water. The mixture is uniformly stirred at 25°C to obtain a phase change material emulsion. The phase change material emulsion is then mixed with 75% TEOS, 20% TEOS, and 5% catalyst. TEOS and acetic acid are added dropwise to the phase change material emulsion and stirred at 50°C for 3 hours to obtain phase change microcapsules. The microcapsules are washed and dried, and then dispersed in a 5% wt. HCl solution of polyaniline at a mass ratio of 1:200 to the polyaniline hydrochloric acid solution, and heated with stirring. After washing and drying, a graded heat storage and deicing filler with a diameter of 100 nm to 1 um is obtained.

[0050] The obtained near-infrared thermal filler and graded heat storage and deicing filler are mixed with epoxy resin, solvent and silane coupling agent in the following mass percentages: near-infrared thermal filler is 10%, diameter 100nm:1um is 5:1, graded heat storage and deicing filler is 10%, epoxy resin is 35%, KH-5705%, polyamide is 1%, fatty alcohol ethoxysiloxane is 1%, and ethanol is 38%. The mixture is stirred to evenly disperse the filler to obtain an intelligent anti-icing coating.

[0051] The resulting intelligent anti-icing coating was added to a spray gun and vertically sprayed onto the cable. The coating was then dried in a forced air drying oven to produce the intelligent anti-icing coating. The spraying speed was 10 m / min, the spraying distance was 50 mm, the curing time was 60 min, and the curing temperature was 150°C.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] Boron nitride and glucose were charged into a ball mill in a ratio of 1:1, and after ball milling for 8 hours and centrifugal drying, hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets were obtained. The obtained hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets were placed in a glass culture dish, and then placed in a closed environment of iodine vapor to obtain saturated iodine vapor by sublimation of elemental iodine, and iodine vapor was adsorbed at 120°C for 12 hours. Subsequently, the boron nitride nanosheets were ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 30 minutes and dried for use to obtain near-infrared photothermal fillers.

[0054] The mass percentages of methyl laurate 10%, span-80 and tween-80 complex in a mass ratio of 1:1 as an emulsifier 15%, CTAB 10%, and deionized water 65% are mixed and stirred uniformly at 25°C to obtain a phase change material emulsion. The mass percentages of the phase change material emulsion are 92%, TEOS 7%, and a catalyst 1%. TEOS, acetic acid, and ammonia water are added dropwise to the phase change material emulsion and stirred at 25°C for 3 hours to obtain phase change microcapsules. After washing and drying, the phase change microcapsules are dispersed in a 5% wt. HCl solution of polyaniline at a mass ratio of 1:50 to the polyaniline hydrochloric acid solution, and heated and stirred. After washing and drying, a graded heat storage and deicing filler with a diameter of 100nm to 1um is obtained.

[0055] The obtained near-infrared thermal filler and graded heat storage and deicing filler are mixed with epoxy resin, solvent and silane coupling agent in the following mass percentages: near-infrared thermal filler is 1%, 100nm diameter: 1um is 1% graded heat storage and deicing filler is 1%, epoxy resin is 25%, KH-5601%, tertiary amine is 0.5%, polyether siloxane is 0.5%, and DMF is 72%. The mixture is stirred to evenly disperse the filler to obtain an intelligent anti-icing coating.

[0056] The resulting intelligent anti-icing coating was added to a spray gun and vertically sprayed onto the cable. The coating was then dried in a forced air drying oven to produce the intelligent anti-icing coating. The spraying speed was 30 m / min, the spraying distance was 20 mm, the curing time was 30 minutes, and the curing temperature was 50°C.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] Boron nitride and glucose were loaded into a ball mill at a ratio of 5:1, and after ball milling for 8 hours and centrifugal drying, hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets were obtained. The obtained hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets were placed in a glass culture dish, and then placed in a closed environment of iodine vapor obtained by sublimation of elemental iodine to adsorb iodine vapor for 12 hours at 100°C. Subsequently, the boron nitride nanosheets were ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 30 minutes and dried for use to obtain near-infrared photothermal fillers.

[0059] The mass percentages are as follows: 10% decanol, 5% span-80 and tween-80 complex as an emulsifier in a mass ratio of 1:1, 3% PVA, and 82% deionized water. The mixtures are uniformly stirred at 25°C to obtain a phase change material emulsion. The mass percentages of the phase change material emulsion are 85%, TEOS is 10%, and the catalyst is 5%. TEOS and acetic acid are added dropwise to the phase change material emulsion and stirred at 30°C for 3 hours to obtain phase change microcapsules. After washing and drying, the phase change microcapsules are dispersed in a 5% wt. HCl solution of polyaniline in a mass ratio of 1:100 to the polyaniline hydrochloric acid solution, and heated with stirring. After washing and drying, a graded heat storage and deicing filler with a diameter of 100nm to 1um is obtained.

[0060] The obtained near-infrared thermal filler and graded heat storage and deicing filler are mixed with epoxy resin, solvent and silane coupling agent in the following mass percentages: near-infrared thermal filler is 10%, graded heat storage and deicing filler with a diameter of 100nm:1um is 3:1, 10%, epoxy resin is 35%, KH-5805%, tertiary amine is 1%, fatty alcohol ethoxysiloxane is 1%, and DMSO is 48%. The mixture is stirred to evenly disperse the filler to obtain an intelligent anti-icing coating.

[0061] The resulting intelligent anti-icing coating was added to a spray gun and vertically sprayed onto the cable. The coating was then dried in a forced air drying oven to produce the intelligent anti-icing coating. The spraying speed was 20 m / min, the spraying distance was 40 mm, the curing time was 45 minutes, and the curing temperature was 120°C.

[0062] Example 4

[0063] Boron nitride and glucose were loaded into a ball mill at a ratio of 10:1. After ball milling for 8 hours and centrifugal drying, hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets were obtained. The obtained hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets were placed in a glass culture dish, and then placed in a closed environment of iodine vapor to obtain saturated iodine vapor by sublimation of elemental iodine. Iodine vapor was adsorbed at 120°C for 12 hours. Subsequently, the boron nitride nanosheets were ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 30 minutes and dried for use to obtain near-infrared photothermal fillers.

[0064] The mass percentages of tetradecane 25%, span-80 and tween-80 complex in a mass ratio of 1:1 as an emulsifier 15%, CTAB 10%, and deionized water 50% are mixed and stirred uniformly at 25°C to obtain a phase change material emulsion. The mass percentages of the phase change material emulsion are 80%, TEOS 12%, and a catalyst 3%. TEOS and ammonia water are added dropwise to the phase change material emulsion and stirred at 45°C for 3 hours to obtain phase change microcapsules. After washing and drying, the phase change microcapsules are dispersed in a 5% wt. HCl solution of polyaniline at a mass ratio of 1:150 to the polyaniline hydrochloric acid solution, and heated with stirring. After washing and drying, a graded heat storage and deicing filler with a diameter of 100nm to 1um is obtained.

[0065] The obtained near-infrared thermal filler and graded heat storage and deicing filler are mixed with epoxy resin, solvent and silane coupling agent in the following mass percentages: 5% near-infrared thermal filler, 5% graded heat storage and deicing filler with a diameter of 100nm:1um (2:1), 30% epoxy resin, 3% KH-580, 1% tertiary amine, 1% polyether siloxane, and 55% ethanol. The mixture is stirred to evenly disperse the filler to obtain an intelligent anti-icing coating.

[0066] The resulting intelligent anti-icing coating was added to a spray gun and vertically sprayed onto the cable. The coating was then dried in a forced air drying oven to produce the intelligent anti-icing coating. The spraying speed was 10 m / min, the spraying distance was 20 mm, the curing time was 60 minutes, and the curing temperature was 150°C.

[0067] Table 1 compares the contact angle, ice adhesion, light-induced ice-melting time, time above freezing after exposure to light, and ice adhesion after 50 freeze / thaw cycles of different anti-icing coatings. As can be seen from Table 1, conventional photothermal coatings use all the heat converted from light to melt ice, but the freezing point can only be maintained for a short time after exposure to light, significantly affected by light. In contrast, the intelligent anti-icing coatings in Examples 1-4, due to the synergistic photothermal conversion capabilities of near-infrared photothermal fillers and graded heat storage and deicing fillers, improve their photothermal ice-melting performance under illumination and exhibit shorter light-induced ice-melting times. Micro- and nano-sized SiO2 layers create an uneven, graded superhydrophobic surface, improving the phenomenon of moisture easily condensing into ice on conventional uniform micro- and nano-sized surfaces, which in turn enhances ice adhesion. This results in the lowest ice adhesion strength. By encapsulating the phase change material within the high-latent-heat SiO2 spheres, their phase change heat storage capacity is effectively enhanced, allowing them to remain above freezing for extended periods in the absence of light, enhancing their phase change anti-icing effectiveness in the absence of light.

[0068] Table 1

[0069]

[0070] The above description of the present invention is merely a partial embodiment, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments are illustrative and not restrictive. All specific extensions of the materials and methods of the present invention that do not depart from the scope of the present invention and the scope of the claims are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an intelligent anti-icing coating for a transmission line, characterized in that: Please follow the steps below to implement it: Step 1, preparation of near-infrared photothermal filler: Boron nitride and glucose are charged into a ball mill in proportion, ball milled and centrifugally dried to obtain hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets, the obtained hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets are placed in a glass culture dish, and the culture dish is then placed in a sealed environment of saturated iodine vapor for iodine vapor adsorption, and then the hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets are ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol and dried for later use to obtain a near-infrared photothermal filler; Step 2, preparing a graded heat storage and deicing filler; Phase change material, emulsifier, deionized water and surfactant are uniformly mixed in proportion and stirred at a certain temperature to obtain a phase change material emulsion. TEOS and a catalyst are then added dropwise to the phase change material emulsion and stirred to obtain a phase change microcapsule solution. Phase change microcapsules are obtained after washing and drying. The phase change microcapsules are dispersed in a 5 wt.% HCl solution of polyaniline and heated with stirring. After washing and drying, a graded heat storage and deicing filler is obtained. The phase change material is any one of dodecane, methyl laurate, decanol, and tetradecane; the emulsifier is a composite of span-80 and tween-80 in a mass ratio of 1:1; and the surfactant is any one of PVA and CTAB; The phase change microcapsule solution is composed of the following substances by mass percentage: 75% to 92% of phase change material emulsion, 7% to 20% of TEOS, and 1% to 5% of catalyst, the total of which is 100%; Step 3: Prepare the intelligent anti-icing coating: The near-infrared thermal filler obtained in step 1 and the graded heat storage deicing filler obtained in step 2 are mixed with epoxy resin, solvent and silane coupling agent to uniformly disperse the fillers, and then a curing agent and a defoaming agent are added and stirred to obtain an intelligent anti-icing coating; Step 4: Build an intelligent anti-icing coating: Add the intelligent anti-icing coating obtained in step 3 into the spray gun, spray the prepared intelligent anti-icing coating vertically on the cable, and place the cable sprayed with the intelligent anti-icing coating in a blast drying oven for curing, so that the intelligent anti-icing coating is prepared on the surface of the cable.

2. The method for preparing an intelligent anti-icing coating for a transmission line according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the ratio of boron nitride to glucose is 10-1:1, wherein the adsorbed iodine vapor is obtained by sublimation of elemental iodine, and the adsorption temperature is 80-120°C.

3. The method for preparing an intelligent anti-icing coating for a transmission line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change material emulsion prepared in step 2 is composed of the following substances by mass percentage: 10% to 25% phase change material, 5% to 15% emulsifier, 3 to 10% surfactant, and 50% to 82% deionized water, and the total of the above components is 100%.

4. The method for preparing an intelligent anti-icing coating for a transmission line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The catalyst in step 2 is one of acetic acid and ammonia water, and the reaction temperature for preparing phase change microcapsules is 25~50℃.

5. The method for preparing an intelligent anti-icing coating for a transmission line according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the mass ratio of the phase change microcapsules to the 5 wt% HCl solution of polyaniline is 1:50-200, and the diameter of the graded heat storage and deicing filler is 100 nm-1 um.

6. The method for preparing an intelligent anti-icing coating for a power transmission line according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the intelligent anti-icing coating is composed of the following substances in percentage by mass: 1% to 10% near-infrared thermal filler, 1% to 10% graded heat storage deicing filler, 25% to 35% epoxy resin, 1% to 5% silane coupling agent, 0.5% to 1% curing agent, 0.5% to 1% defoaming agent, and 48% to 71% solvent. The total of the above components is 100%.

7. The method for preparing an intelligent anti-icing coating for a transmission line according to any one of claims 1 or 6, characterized in that: The diameter of the graded heat storage and deicing filler is 100nm:1um, which is 5~1:1; the silane coupling agent is any one of KH-570, KH-560, and KH-580; the solvent is any one of ethanol, DMF, and DMSO; the curing agent is any one of polyamide and tertiary amine; and the defoaming agent is one of fatty alcohol ethoxysiloxane and polyether siloxane.

8. The method for preparing an intelligent anti-icing coating for a transmission line according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the spraying speed is 10-30 m / min, the spraying distance is 20-50 mm, the curing time is 30-60 min, and the curing temperature is 50-150° C.

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