Construction method of wharf slope excavation

Abstract

The present invention relates to a dock slope excavation construction method, belonging to the field of excavation construction technology. The dock slope excavation construction method is applied to pile-based docks constructed by backfilling islands, and comprises the following steps: using a long-arm excavator to first excavate the shallow backfill sand located at the front of the dock, and then excavating the shallow backfill sand located between the piles under the dock beam; using a sand pumping ship to excavate the remaining backfill sand layer located at the front of the dock, and using a submersible sand pumping pump or a double-rope grab to excavate the remaining backfill sand layer located between the piles under the dock beam; using a suction cutter to excavate the original sand layer located at the front of the dock, and using a suction cutter system mounted on the top of the dock pile foundation to excavate the original sand layer located between the piles under the dock beam, until the excavation reaches the designed elevation to form a slope. The dock slope excavation construction method has high excavation construction efficiency and low construction risk.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of excavation construction, and in particular relates to a dock slope excavation construction method. Background Art

[0002] In the construction of some offshore high-pile wharf projects, in order to improve construction safety, the process of "first building an island to form dry land construction conditions for high-pile wharf pile foundation construction, and then back-digging to form the slope" is adopted. However, in this high-pile wharf construction process of "first building an island, then back-digging", the construction space between the wharf piles is limited, which seriously affects the construction efficiency and construction period of the excavation. Moreover, if the excavation disturbs the pile foundation greatly, it is very easy to collapse the slope and cause serious accidents. Therefore, how to improve the efficiency of the slope excavation construction of the "first building an island, then back-digging" wharf and reduce the construction risk is a technical difficulty that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above technical difficulties, the present invention provides a dock slope excavation construction method, which has high excavation construction efficiency and low construction risk.

[0004] The present invention provides a dock slope excavation construction method applied to a pile foundation dock constructed by backfilling and island building. The dock slope excavation construction method comprises the following steps:

[0005] Excavation of shallow backfill sand layer for island construction: Use a long-arm excavator to first excavate the shallow backfill sand at the front of the wharf, and then excavate the shallow backfill sand between the piles under the wharf beam;

[0006] Excavation of the remaining backfill sand layer for island construction: Use a sand pumping ship to excavate the remaining backfill sand layer at the front of the wharf, and use a submersible sand pump or a double-rope grab to excavate the remaining backfill sand layer between the piles under the wharf beam;

[0007] Excavation of original sand layer: Use a suction dredger to excavate the original sand layer at the front of the wharf, and use the suction dredger system mounted on the top of the wharf pile foundation to excavate the original sand layer between the piles under the wharf beam until it is excavated to the designed elevation to form a slope.

[0008] In some of the embodiments, in the step of excavating the shallow backfill sand layer for island construction, the elevation range of the excavated shallow backfill sand layer is +2.0m to -1.0m.

[0009] In some of the embodiments, in the step of excavating the shallow backfill sand layer for island construction, when excavating the shallow backfill sand located in front of the wharf, the sand bags on the slope are first excavated, and then the backfill sand is excavated. The excavated backfill sand is backfilled to the yard area behind the wharf by a dump truck.

[0010] In some of the embodiments, in the step of excavating the remaining backfill sand layer for island construction, the elevation range of the excavated remaining backfill sand layer is -1.0m to -8.0m; in the step of excavating the original sand layer, the elevation range of the excavated original sand layer is -8.0m to -17.9m.

[0011] In some of the embodiments, in the step of excavating the remaining backfill sand layer for island construction, the excavation of the remaining backfill sand layer at the front of the wharf and the excavation of the remaining backfill sand layer between the piles under the wharf beams are both carried out in multiple layers from top to bottom, and the total number of excavation layers of the remaining backfill sand layer at the front of the wharf is the same as the total number of excavation layers of the remaining backfill sand layer between the piles under the wharf beams. During the excavation construction, the excavation progress of the remaining backfill sand layer at the front of the wharf is kept one layer earlier than the excavation progress of the remaining backfill sand layer between the piles under the wharf beams; in the step of excavating the original sand layer, the excavation of the original sand layer at the front of the wharf and the excavation of the original sand layer between the piles under the wharf beams are both carried out in multiple layers from top to bottom, and the total number of excavation layers of the original sand layer at the front of the wharf is the same as the total number of excavation layers of the original sand layer between the piles under the wharf beams. During the excavation construction, the excavation progress of the original sand layer at the front of the wharf is kept one layer earlier than the excavation progress of the original sand layer between the piles under the wharf beams.

[0012] In some of the embodiments, the overlap width between the excavation construction area of ​​the remaining backfill sand layer at the front of the wharf and the excavation construction area of ​​the remaining backfill sand layer between the piles under the wharf beam is at least 5m, and the overlap width between the excavation construction area of ​​the original sand layer at the front of the wharf and the excavation construction area of ​​the original sand layer between the piles under the wharf beam is at least 5m.

[0013] In some embodiments, in the original sand layer excavation step, the specific steps of excavating the original sand layer between the piles under the wharf beam by using the suction system are:

[0014] Build a winch suction system: take the length direction of the wharf as the longitudinal direction and the width direction as the transverse direction, lay two mutually parallel first tracks on the wharf beam in the longitudinal direction, set up a mobile frame that can move along the first track in the transverse direction between the two first tracks, the mobile frame has a second track extending in the transverse direction, a trolley that can move along the second track is installed on the second track, the winch suction head is installed at the bottom of the guide pipe, the guide pipe is installed on the trolley in the vertical direction through the constraint mechanism, and a lifting component for driving the guide pipe to rise and fall in the vertical direction relative to the constraint mechanism is connected between the guide pipe and the constraint mechanism, and the constraint mechanism limits the lifting direction of the guide pipe;

[0015] Preparation for cutting and suction: lift the guide pipe through the lifting assembly to lift the cutting and suction head above the wharf beam, connect the cutting and suction head to the cutting and suction power system, move the mobile frame longitudinally to one longitudinal end of the wharf, move the trolley transversely to one transverse end of the mobile frame, and lower the guide pipe through the lifting assembly to allow the cutting and suction head to pass through the hollow part of the wharf beam and extend into the original sand layer to be excavated between the pile foundations under the beam;

[0016] Sand suction by winch: Turn on the winch power system, drive the trolley to drive the winch head to move gradually in the horizontal direction, and use the winch head to continuously suck sand from the position where the winch head passes, so as to complete the excavation operation at the current working position of the mobile frame; when the trolley moves to the other end of the mobile frame in the horizontal direction, drive the mobile frame to move longitudinally to the next adjacent working position, and repeat the above-mentioned continuous sand suction operation at the current working position by using the winch head; drive the mobile frame to move gradually in the longitudinal direction, and repeat the above-mentioned continuous sand suction operation at each working position until the mobile frame moves to the other end of the longitudinal direction of the wharf, and completes the excavation operation of the original sand layer between the piles under the wharf beam.

[0017] In some of the embodiments, the restraint mechanism includes a restraint frame installed on a trolley, a guide tube sleeve is arranged in the trolley, a guide rail extending in a vertical direction is arranged on the outer periphery of the guide tube, a limiting guide groove is arranged on the side of the restraint frame facing the guide rail, the guide rail is accommodated in the limiting guide groove, and the groove wall of the limiting guide groove slides with the outer wall of the guide rail; the lifting assembly includes a lifting and traction winch, a lifting and traction rope wound on the lifting and traction winch, and a fixed pulley; the lifting and traction winch is installed on the restraint frame and located on one side of the guide tube, the fixed pulley is installed on the outer wall of the bottom end of the guide tube, and the free end of the lifting and traction rope is tied to the restraint frame after passing around the fixed pulley; during the excavation of the original sand layer between the piles under the wharf beam using the winch suction system, the lifting and traction rope is retracted and released by the lifting and traction winch to drive the guide tube to rise and fall, so as to adjust the height of the winch suction head.

[0018] In some of the embodiments, a traveling wheel which rolls with the first track is provided at the bottom of the trolley, and the traveling wheel is connected to a longitudinal driving motor; a transverse driving assembly for driving the trolley to move transversely is connected between the trolley and the moving frame, and the transverse driving assembly includes a transverse traction winch, a transverse traction rope, a first transverse guide wheel and a second transverse guide wheel, the transverse traction winch is installed on the moving frame, the first transverse guide wheel and the second transverse guide wheel are respectively installed on both ends of the moving frame in the transverse direction, the middle part of the transverse traction rope is wound around the transverse traction winch, and the two free ends of the transverse traction rope are respectively passed around the first transverse guide wheel and the second transverse guide wheel and then connected Connected to the trolley; during the excavation of the original sand layer between the piles under the wharf beam by using the winch suction system: the walking wheel is driven to rotate by the longitudinal drive motor to drive the mobile frame to move longitudinally; the transverse traction winch is rotated to tighten the part of the transverse traction rope wound around the first transverse guide wheel, and at the same time loosen the part of the transverse traction rope wound around the second transverse guide wheel, so as to drive the trolley to move laterally toward the direction close to the first transverse guide wheel, and the transverse traction winch is rotated to tighten the part of the transverse traction rope wound around the second transverse guide wheel, and at the same time loosen the part of the transverse traction rope wound around the first transverse guide wheel, so as to drive the trolley to move laterally toward the direction close to the second transverse guide wheel.

[0019] In some embodiments, the dock slope excavation construction method further includes:

[0020] Acceptance of bank slope excavation: after the excavation of each section of the bank slope is completed, the excavation depth is checked. The excavation depth of the construction area between the piles under the wharf beam is checked with a water weight, and the excavation depth of the construction area at the front of the wharf is checked with a single-beam depth sounder. When over-excavation is detected, sand bags are immediately thrown in to find the slope. For areas that do not reach the designed elevation and design slope, sand pumps are used to perform local slope repair. For areas with loose sand that are difficult to form the designed slope during the excavation process, sand bags are thrown in to find the slope so as to meet the design slope requirements.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:

[0022] The dock slope excavation construction method provided by the present invention divides the dock slope excavation of the "first island building, then back-digging" dock into three stages: shallow excavation for island building, excavation of the remaining backfill sand layer for island building, and excavation of the original sand layer; wherein, for the excavation of the shallow backfill sand layer for island building, a long-arm excavator is used on land; in the excavation of the remaining backfill sand layer for island building, a sand pumping ship is used to excavate in the sea for the front area of ​​the dock, and a submersible sand pumping pump or a double-rope grab is used to excavate on land for the area between piles under the dock beam; in the excavation of the original sand layer, a suction cutter is used to excavate in the sea for the front area of ​​the dock, and a suction cutter system mounted on the top of the dock pile foundation is used to excavate at the top of the pile for the area between piles under the dock beam; the dock slope excavation construction method adopts a variety of excavation methods to cooperate with construction for different sand layers and areas, thereby realizing efficient excavation of the dock slope of the "first island building, then back-digging" dock with low construction risk. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 A flow chart of a dock slope excavation construction method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 A top view of the island and the wharf in the wharf slope excavation construction method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the island and the wharf in the wharf slope excavation construction method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a construction schematic diagram of excavating the shallow backfill sand located in front of the wharf in the step of excavating the shallow backfill sand layer for island construction;

[0028] Figure 5 A construction schematic diagram of excavating the shallow backfill sand between the piles under the wharf beam in the shallow backfill sand layer excavation step for island construction;

[0029] Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the construction process for excavating the remaining backfill sand layer for island construction;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a construction diagram of the excavation steps of the original sand layer;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a flow chart of excavating the original sand layer between the piles under the wharf beam by using the suction system in the original sand layer excavation step;

[0032] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of a winch suction system used in excavating the original sand layer between the piles under the wharf beam in the original sand layer excavation step;

[0033] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the moving frame and the first track in the winch suction system;

[0034] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the trolley and the mobile frame in the winch suction system;

[0035] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the restraint frame and the trolley in the winch suction system;

[0036] Fig.13 It is a stereoscopic diagram of the assembly of the guide tube and the restraint mechanism in the cutter suction system;

[0037] Fig.14 It is a top view of the assembly of the guide pipe and the constraint frame in the cutter suction system;

[0038] Fig.15 for Fig.13 A partial enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0039] In the figure:

[0040] 1. Wharf; 2. Long-arm excavator; 3. Sand pumping ship; 4. Double-rope grab; 5. Crawler crane; 6. Cutter suction ship; 7. Cutter suction system;

[0041] 11. Beam; 12. Pile foundation;

[0042] 71. suction head; 72. guide tube; 721. guide rail; 73. first track; 74. mobile frame; 741. second track; 742. travel wheel; 743. longitudinal drive motor; 744. transverse drive assembly; 7441. transverse traction winch; 7442. transverse traction rope; 7443. first transverse guide wheel; 7444. second transverse guide wheel; 75. trolley; 751. longitudinal drive assembly; 7511. longitudinal traction winch; 7512. longitudinal traction rope; 7513. first longitudinal guide wheel; 7514. second longitudinal guide wheel; 76. restraint mechanism; 761. restraint frame; 762. limit guide groove; 77. lifting assembly; 771. lifting traction winch; 772. lifting traction rope; 773. fixed pulley;

[0043] a. Shallow backfill sand layer; b. Remaining backfill sand layer in front of the wharf; c. Remaining backfill sand layer between piles under the wharf beam; d. Original sand layer in front of the wharf; e. Original sand layer between piles under the wharf beam. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0046] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0047] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0048] As attached Figure 1-Figure 10 As shown, in an exemplary embodiment of the dock slope excavation construction method of the present invention, the dock slope excavation construction method is applied to a pile foundation dock 1 constructed by backfilling and island building, and the dock slope excavation construction method includes the following steps:

[0049] S1 Excavation of shallow backfill sand layer for island construction: Use long-arm excavator 2 to first excavate the shallow backfill sand at the front of pier 1, and then excavate the shallow backfill sand between the piles under the beam of pier 1;

[0050] S2 Excavation of the remaining backfill sand layer for island construction: Use a sand pumping ship 3 to excavate the remaining backfill sand layer at the front of the wharf 1 (i.e., the remaining backfill sand layer b at the front of the wharf), and use a submersible sand pump or a double-rope grab 4 to excavate the remaining backfill sand layer between the piles under the wharf 1 beam (i.e., the remaining backfill sand layer c between the piles under the wharf beam);

[0051] S3 excavation of original sand layer: the original sand layer at the front of the wharf 1 (i.e. the original sand layer d at the front of the wharf) is excavated by using a suction dredger 6, and the original sand layer between the piles under the wharf 1 beam (i.e. the original sand layer e between the piles under the wharf beam) is excavated by using a suction dredger 7 mounted on the top of the pile foundation 12 of the wharf 1 until the excavation reaches the designed elevation to form a bank slope.

[0052] The above-mentioned dock slope excavation construction method divides the dock slope excavation of the "first island building, then back-digging" dock into three stages: shallow excavation for island building, excavation of the remaining backfill sand layer for island building, and excavation of the original sand layer; among them, for the excavation of the shallow backfill sand layer a for island building, a long-arm excavator 2 is used on land; in the excavation of the remaining backfill sand layer for island building, a sand pumping ship 3 is used to excavate the remaining backfill sand layer b at the front of the dock in the sea, and a submersible sand pump or a double-rope grab 4 is used to excavate the remaining backfill sand layer c between the piles under the dock beam on land; in the excavation of the original sand layer, a suction dredging ship 6 is used to excavate the original sand layer d at the front of the dock in the sea, and a suction dredging system 7 mounted on the top of the dock 1 pile foundation 12 is used to excavate the original sand layer e between the piles under the dock beam at the top of the pile; the dock slope excavation construction method adopts a variety of excavation methods to cooperate with the construction for different sand layers and areas, thereby realizing efficient excavation of the dock slope of the "first island building, then back-digging" dock with low construction risk.

[0053] like Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, in the excavation step of the shallow backfill sand layer for island construction, the area at the front of the wharf 1 is excavated first, and then the area between the piles under the beam of the wharf 1 is excavated. This excavation method from front to back can provide a stable onshore support space for the long-arm excavator 2, and can enable the entire excavation process to be carried out on land, greatly reducing the difficulty of excavation and construction risks. Among them, when excavating the shallow backfill sand at the front of the wharf 1, the slope sand bags are first excavated, and then the backfill sand is excavated. The excavated backfill sand is backfilled to the yard area behind the wharf 1 by a dump truck. Preferably, in this step, the elevation range of the excavated shallow backfill sand layer a is +2.0m to -1.0m (the elevation datum is the Chart Datum datum). If the shallow backfill sand layer a is excavated too deep, it may cause collapse, causing the long-arm excavator 2 to fall into the excavation area, resulting in construction risks.

[0054] like Figure 6 As shown, in the excavation step of the remaining backfill sand layer for island construction, the remaining backfill sand layer b at the front of the wharf is excavated by a sand pumping ship 3. The excavation construction is carried out at sea, and the working surface is not limited. At the same time, since the density of the backfill sand layer is lower than that of the original sand layer, the sand pumping ship 3 can efficiently complete the excavation operation with low energy consumption. During excavation, the pump in the hull of the sand pumping ship 3 is used to suck the mixture of sand and water into the sand pumping pipe, and after the relay pump is powered, the sand-water mixture is discharged to the designated area of ​​the yard. For the remaining backfill sand layer c between the piles under the wharf beam, a submersible sand pump or a double-rope grab 4 is used, which can be placed in the shallow water area between the piles under the wharf 1 beam for excavation construction. It should be noted that the submersible sand pump should be placed in the shallow water area to be excavated when working, and should not be exposed to the water surface. When shutting down, it should first rise to the clear water layer and work for 5 minutes. When the water outlet is blocked, it must be cleaned manually, and the machine can be started only after it is cleared. The sand pump should not directly contact the sand layer, and a gap of 100mm to 500mm must be left. When using a double-rope grab 4 for excavation, it must be carried out in conjunction with a crawler crane 5.

[0055] In order to shorten the excavation construction period, Figure 6As shown, in the excavation step of the remaining backfill sand layer for island construction, the excavation of the remaining backfill sand layer b at the front of the wharf and the excavation of the remaining backfill sand layer c between the piles under the wharf beam are carried out in multiple layers from top to bottom. The total number of excavation layers of the remaining backfill sand layer b at the front of the wharf is the same as the total number of excavation layers of the remaining backfill sand layer c between the piles under the wharf beam. During the excavation construction, the excavation progress of the remaining backfill sand layer b at the front of the wharf is kept one layer earlier than the excavation progress of the remaining backfill sand layer c between the piles under the wharf beam. In this way, the excavation construction of the front area of ​​Wharf 1 and the area between the piles under the wharf 1 beam is carried out in sequence, which can greatly shorten the excavation construction period while ensuring the safety of the construction. It should be noted that the overlap width between the excavation construction area of ​​the remaining backfill sand layer b at the front of the wharf and the excavation construction area of ​​the remaining backfill sand layer c between the piles under the wharf beam is at least 5m. It should be noted that the overlap here refers to the fact that the dividing surface between the excavation construction area of ​​the remaining backfill sand layer b at the front of the wharf and the excavation construction area of ​​the remaining backfill sand layer c between the piles under the wharf beams is an inclined surface, so as to achieve the overlap formation in which the excavation construction area of ​​the remaining backfill sand layer b at the front of the wharf is located in the upper layer and the excavation construction area of ​​the remaining backfill sand layer c between the piles under the wharf beams is located in the lower layer.

[0056] It should also be noted that in the excavation step of the remaining backfill sand layer for island construction, the elevation range of the excavated remaining backfill sand layer is -1.0m to -8.0m (the elevation datum is the Chart Datum datum). If the remaining backfill sand layer is excavated too deep, the dense original sand layer may be excavated. The excavation efficiency is low when using the sand pumping ship 3, the submersible sand pump, and the double-rope grab 4. In addition, the water depth is too great, the submersible sand pump cannot work normally, and the double-rope grab 4 cannot bring the excavated sand and gravel out of the water.

[0057] like Figure 7 As shown, in the original sand layer excavation step, the original sand layer d at the front of the wharf is excavated by a dredging vessel 6, and the excavation construction is carried out at sea, and the working surface is not restricted. During excavation, the auger head of the dredging vessel 6 is first used to loosen the original sand layer on the bottom of the water to make it flowable, and then the pump in the hull of the dredging vessel 6 is used to suck the mixture of sand and water into the sand suction pipe, and after the relay pump is energized, the sand and water mixture is discharged to the designated area of ​​the yard. It should be noted that the safety distance between the reamer head of the dredging vessel 6 and the pile foundation 12 of the wharf 1 is not less than 10m to avoid disturbing the pile foundation 12. For the original sand layer e between the piles under the wharf beam, a dredging system 7 mounted on the top of the pile foundation 12 of the wharf 1 is used, and the pile top is used as a platform to excavate the dense original sand layer between the piles. It should be noted that, in the original sand layer excavation step, the elevation range of the excavated original sand layer is -8.0m to -17.9m (the elevation datum is the Chart Datum datum). If the original sand layer is excavated too deep, the stability of Pier 1 may be affected.

[0058] In order to shorten the excavation construction period, Figure 7As shown, in the original sand layer excavation step, the excavation of the original sand layer d at the front of the wharf and the excavation of the original sand layer e between the piles under the wharf beam are carried out in multiple layers from top to bottom. The total number of excavation layers of the original sand layer d at the front of the wharf is the same as the total number of excavation layers of the original sand layer e between the piles under the wharf beam. During the excavation construction, the excavation progress of the original sand layer d at the front of the wharf is kept one layer earlier than the excavation progress of the original sand layer e between the piles under the wharf beam. In this way, the excavation construction of the front area of ​​pier 1 and the area between the piles under the wharf beam are carried out in sequence, which can greatly shorten the excavation construction period while ensuring the safety of the construction. It should be noted that the overlap width between the excavation construction area of ​​the original sand layer d at the front of the wharf and the excavation construction area of ​​the original sand layer e between the piles under the wharf beam is at least 5m. It should be noted that the overlap here means that the dividing surface between the excavation construction area of ​​the original sand layer d in front of the wharf and the excavation construction area of ​​the original sand layer e between the piles under the wharf beam is an inclined surface, so as to achieve the overlap formation in which the excavation construction area of ​​the original sand layer d in front of the wharf is located in the upper layer and the excavation construction area of ​​the original sand layer e between the piles under the wharf beam is located in the lower layer.

[0059] like Figure 8 As shown, in the original sand layer excavation step, the specific steps of using the suction system 7 to excavate the original sand layer e between the piles under the wharf beam are as follows:

[0060] Build a suction system: Figure 9-13 As shown, with the length direction of the wharf 1 as the longitudinal direction and the width direction as the transverse direction, two mutually parallel first rails 73 are laid on the beam of the wharf 1 in the longitudinal direction, and a movable frame 74 that can move along the first rail 73 is erected in the transverse direction between the two first rails 73, and the movable frame 74 has a second rail 741 extending in the transverse direction, and a trolley 75 that can move along the second rail 741 is installed on the second rail 741, and the suction head 71 is installed at the bottom of the guide tube 72, and the guide tube 72 is installed on the trolley 75 in the vertical direction through the constraint mechanism 76, and a lifting component 77 for driving the guide tube 72 to rise and fall relative to the constraint mechanism 76 in the vertical direction is connected between the guide tube 72 and the constraint mechanism 76, and the constraint mechanism 76 limits the lifting direction of the guide tube 72;

[0061] Preparation for cutting and suction: lift the guide tube 72 through the lifting assembly 77 to lift the cutting and suction head 71 above the beam body 11 of the wharf 1, connect the cutting and suction head 71 to the cutting and suction power system, move the mobile frame 74 longitudinally to one longitudinal end of the wharf 1, move the trolley 75 transversely to one transverse end of the mobile frame 74, and lower the guide tube 72 through the lifting assembly 77 to allow the cutting and suction head 71 to pass through the hollow part of the beam body 11 of the wharf 1 and extend into the original sand layer to be excavated between the pile foundations 12 under the beam;

[0062] Suction and sand absorption: start the suction and sand absorption power system, drive the trolley 75 to drive the suction head 71 to move gradually in the horizontal direction, and use the suction head 71 to continuously absorb sand from the position where the suction head 71 passes, so as to complete the excavation operation at the current working position of the mobile frame 74; when the trolley 75 moves to the other end of the mobile frame 74 in the horizontal direction, drive the mobile frame 74 to move longitudinally to the next adjacent working position, and at the current working position, use the suction head 71 to repeat the above-mentioned continuous sand absorption operation; drive the mobile frame 74 to move gradually in the longitudinal direction, and repeat the above-mentioned continuous sand absorption operation at each working position until the mobile frame 74 moves to the other end of the longitudinal direction of the wharf 1, and completes the excavation operation of the original sand layer e between the piles under the wharf beam.

[0063] In the above-mentioned excavation step of the original sand layer between the piles under the wharf beam, the suction system 7 is set up on the top of the wharf 1, and the suction head 71 is lowered between the piles through the guide pipe 72 of the suction system 7 to realize the excavation of the dense original sand between the piles of the wharf 1, and the construction risk is low. At the same time, through the longitudinal movement of the mobile frame 74 and the horizontal movement of the trolley 75, continuous suction excavation can be realized, and the excavation efficiency is high. It should be noted that during the sand suction operation, when the mobile frame 74 or the trolley 75 is moved, if the guide pipe 72 cannot pass due to the beam body 11 on the top of the wharf 1, the guide pipe 72 is first raised by the lifting assembly 77 to retract the suction head 71 to a position above the beam body 11, and then move; after passing through the beam body 11, the guide pipe 72 is lowered by the lifting assembly 77 to allow the suction head 71 to extend into the position to be excavated between the pile foundations 12.

[0064] In order to ensure the verticality of the guide tube 72 when it is raised and lowered, Figure 13-Figure 15 As shown, the constraint mechanism 76 includes a constraint frame 761 installed on the trolley 75, the guide tube 72 is sleeved in the trolley 75, the outer periphery of the guide tube 72 is provided with a guide rail 721 extending in the vertical direction, and the constraint frame 761 is provided with a limiting guide groove 762 on the side facing the guide rail 721, the guide rail 721 is accommodated in the limiting guide groove 762, and the groove wall of the limiting guide groove 762 is slidably matched with the outer wall of the guide rail 721. Through the cooperation between the guide rail 721 and the limiting guide groove 762, the guide tube 72 is guaranteed to rise and fall in the vertical direction. It should be noted that in order to ensure the verticality of the guide tube 72, there are at least two guide rails 721, and the two guide rails 721 are symmetrically arranged on the opposite sides of the guide tube 72, and the number of limiting guide grooves 762 matched with each guide rail 721 is also at least 2, and the two limiting guide grooves 762 are respectively arranged near the top and bottom of the constraint frame 761.

[0065] Regarding the lifting and lowering driving method of the guide tube 72, Fig.13As shown, the lifting assembly 77 includes a lifting and traction winch 771, a lifting and traction rope 772 wound around the lifting and traction winch 771, and a fixed pulley 773; the lifting and traction winch 771 is installed on the constraint frame 761 and is located on one side of the guide tube 72, the fixed pulley 773 is installed on the outer wall of the bottom end of the guide tube 72, and the free end of the lifting and traction rope 772 is tied to the constraint frame 761 after passing the fixed pulley 773; during the excavation of the original sand layer e between the piles under the wharf beam by the winch suction system 7, the lifting and traction winch 771 is used to retract and release the lifting and traction rope 772 to drive the guide tube 72 to rise and fall, so as to adjust the height of the winch suction head 71. The lifting mechanism using the lifting and traction winch 771, the lifting and traction rope 772 and the fixed pulley 773 arranged on the outer wall of the guide tube 72 is convenient for lifting and lowering control, which is conducive to ensuring the excavation accuracy.

[0066] Regarding the moving driving structure of the moving frame 74 along the first track 73, as shown in FIG. Fig.10 As shown, the bottom of the trolley 75 is provided with a running wheel 742 that rolls with the first track 73, and the running wheel 742 is connected to a longitudinal drive motor 743. Regarding the moving drive structure of the trolley 75 along the second track 741 of the moving frame 74, as shown in FIG. Fig.11 As shown, a transverse driving assembly 744 for driving the trolley 75 to move laterally is connected between the trolley 75 and the moving frame 74. The transverse driving assembly 744 includes a transverse traction winch 7441, a transverse traction rope 7442, a first transverse guide wheel 7443 and a second transverse guide wheel 7444. The transverse traction winch 7441 is installed on the moving frame 74, the first transverse guide wheel 7443 and the second transverse guide wheel 7444 are respectively installed at both ends of the moving frame 74 in the transverse direction, the middle part of the transverse traction rope 7442 is wound around the transverse traction winch 7441, and the two free ends of the transverse traction rope 7442 are respectively connected to the trolley 75 after passing through the first transverse guide wheel 7443 and the second transverse guide wheel 7444. During the excavation of the original sand layer e between the piles under the wharf beam by using the suction system 7: the longitudinal drive motor 743 drives the walking wheel 742 to rotate, so as to drive the moving frame 74 to move longitudinally; the transverse traction winch 7441 rotates to tighten the part of the transverse traction rope 7442 wound around the first transverse guide wheel 7443, and at the same time loosens the part of the transverse traction rope 7442 wound around the second transverse guide wheel 7444, so as to drive the trolley 75 to move transversely in the direction close to the first transverse guide wheel 7443; the transverse traction winch 7441 rotates to tighten the part of the transverse traction rope 7442 wound around the second transverse guide wheel 7444, and at the same time loosens the part of the transverse traction rope 7442 wound around the first transverse guide wheel 7443, so as to drive the trolley 75 to move transversely in the direction close to the second transverse guide wheel 7444. It should be noted that, if Fig.11 As shown, there are two second rails 741 , and the trolley 75 is installed between the two second rails 741 .

[0067] In order to reduce the movement frequency of the mobile frame 74, the sand suction operation in a larger range can be completed in one movement of the mobile frame 74. Fig.12 As shown, the trolley 75 is formed with an operation window that passes through the trolley 75 in the vertical direction. The constraint frame 761 is set in the operation window of the trolley 75 and is slidably connected to the trolley 75 so as to move longitudinally relative to the trolley 75. After the moving frame 74 is moved into position once, the constraint frame 761 is moved longitudinally relative to the trolley 75, so that the constraint frame 761 can drive the guide tube 72 and the suction head 71 to move longitudinally, thereby completing the sand suction operation in a larger range under one movement of the moving frame 74, reducing the movement frequency of the moving frame 74. Regarding the moving drive structure of the constraint frame 761 relative to the trolley 75, as shown in FIG. Fig.12 As shown, a longitudinal drive component 751 for driving the constraint frame 761 to move longitudinally relative to the trolley 75 is connected between the constraint frame 761 and the trolley 75. The longitudinal drive component 751 includes a longitudinal traction winch 7511, a longitudinal traction rope 7512, a first longitudinal guide wheel 7513 and a second longitudinal guide wheel 7514. The longitudinal traction winch 7511 is installed on the trolley 75. The two ends of the trolley 75 in the longitudinal direction are respectively the first longitudinal end and the second longitudinal end. The first longitudinal guide wheel 7513 and the second longitudinal guide wheel 7514 are respectively installed on the first longitudinal end and the second longitudinal end of the trolley 75. The middle part of the longitudinal traction rope 7512 is wound around the longitudinal traction winch 7511. The two free ends of the longitudinal traction rope 7512 are connected to the constraint frame 761 after passing through the first longitudinal guide wheel 7513 and the second longitudinal guide wheel 7514 respectively. By rotating the longitudinal traction winch 7511 to tighten the portion of the longitudinal traction rope 7512 wound around the first longitudinal guide wheel 7513 and loosening the portion of the longitudinal traction rope 7512 wound around the second longitudinal guide wheel 7514, the constraint frame 761 can be driven to move longitudinally toward the direction close to the first longitudinal guide wheel 7513; by rotating the longitudinal traction winch 7511 in the opposite direction to tighten the portion of the longitudinal traction rope 7512 wound around the second longitudinal guide wheel 7514 and loosening the portion of the longitudinal traction rope 7512 wound around the first longitudinal guide wheel 7513, the constraint frame 761 can be driven to move longitudinally toward the direction close to the second longitudinal guide wheel 7514.

[0068] In addition, in order to control the excavation accuracy, the above-mentioned wharf slope excavation construction method also includes a slope excavation acceptance step, which is: after each section of the slope is excavated, the excavation depth is checked, wherein the excavation depth is checked by a water weight in the construction area between the piles under the beam of Wharf 1, and the excavation depth is checked by a single-beam depth sounder in the front construction area of ​​Wharf 1; when over-excavation is detected, sand bags are immediately thrown in to find the slope; for areas that do not reach the designed elevation and designed slope, a sand pump is used to perform local slope repair; for loose sand areas where it is difficult to form the designed slope during the excavation process, sand bags are thrown in to find the slope to meet the design slope requirements.

[0069] Finally, it should be noted that: the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0070] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or some technical features can be replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the technical solution for protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. The wharf slope excavation construction method is characterized by: For pile-based docks constructed by backfilling and island building, the dock slope excavation construction method includes the following steps: Excavation of shallow backfill sand layer for island construction: Use a long-arm excavator to first excavate the shallow backfill sand at the front of the wharf, and then excavate the shallow backfill sand between the piles under the wharf beam; Excavation of the remaining backfill sand layer for island construction: Use a sand pumping ship to excavate the remaining backfill sand layer at the front of the wharf, and use a submersible sand pump or a double-rope grab to excavate the remaining backfill sand layer between the piles under the wharf beam; Excavation of original sand layer: Use a suction dredger to excavate the original sand layer at the front of the wharf, and use the suction dredger system mounted on the top of the wharf pile foundation to excavate the original sand layer between the piles under the wharf beam until it is excavated to the designed elevation to form a slope.

2. The dock slope excavation construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the excavation step of the shallow backfill sand layer for island construction, the elevation range of the excavated shallow backfill sand layer is +2.0m to -1.0m.

3. The dock slope excavation construction method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: During the excavation step of the shallow backfill sand layer for island construction, when removing the shallow backfill sand located in front of the wharf, the sand bags on the slope are removed first, and then the backfill sand is excavated. The excavated backfill sand is backfilled to the yard area behind the wharf by dump trucks.

4. The dock slope excavation construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step of excavating the remaining backfill sand layer for island construction, the elevation range of the excavated remaining backfill sand layer is -1.0m to -8.0m; in the step of excavating the original sand layer, the elevation range of the excavated original sand layer is -8.0m to -17.9m.

5. The dock slope excavation construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step of excavating the remaining backfill sand layer for island construction, the excavation of the remaining backfill sand layer at the front of the wharf and the excavation of the remaining backfill sand layer between the piles under the wharf beam are both carried out in multiple layers from top to bottom, and the total number of excavation layers of the remaining backfill sand layer at the front of the wharf is the same as the total number of excavation layers of the remaining backfill sand layer between the piles under the wharf beam. During the excavation construction, the excavation progress of the remaining backfill sand layer at the front of the wharf is kept one layer earlier than the excavation progress of the remaining backfill sand layer between the piles under the wharf beam; in the step of excavating the original sand layer, the excavation of the original sand layer at the front of the wharf and the excavation of the original sand layer between the piles under the wharf beam are both carried out in multiple layers from top to bottom, and the total number of excavation layers of the original sand layer at the front of the wharf is the same as the total number of excavation layers of the original sand layer between the piles under the wharf beam. During the excavation construction, the excavation progress of the original sand layer at the front of the wharf is kept one layer earlier than the excavation progress of the original sand layer between the piles under the wharf beam.

6. The dock slope excavation construction method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The overlap width between the excavation construction area of ​​the remaining backfill sand layer in front of the wharf and the excavation construction area of ​​the remaining backfill sand layer between the piles under the wharf beams shall be at least 5m, and the overlap width between the excavation construction area of ​​the original sand layer in front of the wharf and the excavation construction area of ​​the original sand layer between the piles under the wharf beams shall be at least 5m.

7. The dock slope excavation construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the original sand layer excavation step, the specific steps of excavating the original sand layer between the piles under the wharf beam using the cutter suction system are as follows: Building a winch suction system: taking the length direction of the wharf as the longitudinal direction and the width direction as the transverse direction, two mutually parallel first tracks are laid on the wharf beam in the longitudinal direction, and a movable frame that can move along the first track is erected in the transverse direction between the two first tracks, the movable frame has a second track extending in the transverse direction, and a trolley that can move along the second track is installed on the second track, the winch suction head is installed at the bottom of the guide tube, and the guide tube is installed on the trolley in the vertical direction through a constraint mechanism, and a lifting component for driving the guide tube to rise and fall relative to the constraint mechanism in the vertical direction is connected between the guide tube and the constraint mechanism, and the constraint mechanism limits the lifting direction of the guide tube; Preparation for cutting and suction: lift the guide tube by the lifting assembly to lift the cutting and suction head onto the wharf beam, connect the cutting and suction head to the cutting and suction power system, move the mobile frame longitudinally to one longitudinal end of the wharf, move the trolley transversely to one transverse end of the mobile frame, lower the guide tube by the lifting assembly to allow the cutting and suction head to pass through the hollow part of the wharf beam and extend into the original sand layer to be excavated between the pile foundations under the beam; Sand suction by cutting: start the cutting suction power system, drive the trolley to drive the cutting suction head to move gradually in the lateral direction, and use the cutting suction head to continuously suck sand from the position where the cutting suction head passes, so as to complete the excavation operation at the current working position of the mobile frame; When the trolley moves to the other end of the mobile frame in the horizontal direction, the mobile frame is driven to move longitudinally to the next adjacent working position, and at the current working position, the above-mentioned continuous sand suction operation is repeated by using the suction head; the mobile frame is driven to move step by step longitudinally, and the above-mentioned continuous sand suction operation is repeated at each working position until the mobile frame moves to the other longitudinal end of the wharf, completing the excavation of the original sand layer between the piles under the wharf beam.

8. The dock slope excavation construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The restraining mechanism includes a restraining frame installed on the trolley, the guide tube is sleeved in the trolley, the outer periphery of the guide tube is provided with a guide rail extending in a vertical direction, and a limiting guide groove is provided on the side of the restraining frame facing the guide rail, the guide rail is accommodated in the limiting guide groove, and the groove wall of the limiting guide groove is slidably matched with the outer wall of the guide rail; the lifting assembly includes a lifting and traction winch, a lifting and traction rope wound around the lifting and traction winch, and a fixed pulley; the lifting and traction winch is installed on the restraining frame and located on one side of the guide tube, the fixed pulley is installed on the outer wall of the bottom end of the guide tube, and the free end of the lifting and traction rope is tied to the restraining frame after passing around the fixed pulley; in the process of excavating the original sand layer between the piles under the wharf beam by using the winch suction system, the lifting and traction rope is retracted and released by the lifting and traction winch to drive the guide tube to rise and fall, so as to adjust the height of the winch suction head.

9. The dock slope excavation construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bottom of the trolley is provided with a walking wheel that rolls with the first track, and the walking wheel is connected to a longitudinal driving motor; a transverse driving assembly for driving the trolley to move horizontally is connected between the trolley and the moving frame, and the transverse driving assembly includes a transverse traction winch, a transverse traction rope, a first transverse guide wheel and a second transverse guide wheel, and the transverse traction winch is installed on the moving frame, and the first transverse guide wheel and the second transverse guide wheel are respectively installed at the two ends of the moving frame in the transverse direction, and the middle part of the transverse traction rope is wound around the transverse traction winch, and the two free ends of the transverse traction rope are respectively connected to the first transverse guide wheel and the second transverse guide wheel after passing through the first transverse guide wheel and the second transverse guide wheel. The trolley; during the excavation of the original sand layer between the piles under the wharf beam using the suction system: the longitudinal drive motor drives the walking wheel to rotate to drive the mobile frame to move longitudinally; the transverse traction winch rotates to tighten the part of the transverse traction rope wound around the first transverse guide wheel, and at the same time loosens the part of the transverse traction rope wound around the second transverse guide wheel, so as to drive the trolley to move laterally toward the direction close to the first transverse guide wheel; the transverse traction winch rotates to tighten the part of the transverse traction rope wound around the second transverse guide wheel, and at the same time loosens the part of the transverse traction rope wound around the first transverse guide wheel, so as to drive the trolley to move laterally toward the direction close to the second transverse guide wheel.

10. The dock slope excavation construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wharf slope excavation construction method also includes: Acceptance of bank slope excavation: after the excavation of each section of the bank slope is completed, the excavation depth is checked. The excavation depth of the construction area between the piles under the wharf beam is checked with a water weight, and the excavation depth of the construction area at the front of the wharf is checked with a single-beam depth sounder. When over-excavation is detected, sand bags are immediately thrown in to find the slope. For areas that do not reach the designed elevation and design slope, sand pumps are used to perform local slope repair. For areas with loose sand that are difficult to form the designed slope during the excavation process, sand bags are thrown in to find the slope so as to meet the design slope requirements.

Images