Abnormality diagnosis method and device of wind generating set and storage medium

Abstract

The invention provides an abnormality diagnosis method and device for a wind generating set and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the operation data of the wind generating set in a first time period, and taking the operation data as reference operation data; according to the reference operation data, the actual modal frequency of a target component of the wind generating set is determined; acquiring operation data of the wind generating set in a second duration as diagnosis operation data; and according to the diagnosis operation data and the actual modal frequency of the target component, determining an abnormal reason and an operation and maintenance scheme of the target component. According to the method and the device, the reliable actual modal frequency is determined based on the reference operation data, and then the abnormality diagnosis is carried out in combination with the diagnosis operation data and the actual modal frequency, so that a clear abnormality reason and a corresponding operation and maintenance scheme can be determined, more detailed abnormality diagnosis is realized, shutdown check is carried out only if necessary, and the operation efficiency is improved. Therefore, the diagnosis efficiency is improved, and the loss caused by frequent shutdown is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of wind power generation, and more specifically, to an abnormality diagnosis method, device and storage medium for a wind power generator set. Background Art

[0002] In the field of wind power generation, with the widespread application of large impellers, long flexible blades, and high flexible tower units, the aeroelastic stability of wind turbines has received widespread attention, and the identification and protection of abnormal modal frequency amplitude of the whole unit has become particularly important. At present, the existing technology for identifying abnormal modal frequency amplitude of the whole unit is mainly based on the cabin acceleration sensor signal and the measured speed signal. If the maximum spectrum amplitude in the signal and the frequency value corresponding to the maximum spectrum amplitude are both greater than their respective preset values, the unit will immediately report the abnormal modal frequency amplitude fault shutdown, and the operation and maintenance personnel will go to the site to check the major components of the unit and restart the machine after confirming that there is no abnormality. However, in reality, there are many factors that cause abnormal modal frequency amplitude of the unit. The existing single diagnosis and operation and maintenance strategy will cause frequent shutdowns and low efficiency. If the fault occurs at night or in bad weather, the operation and maintenance personnel cannot arrive at the site for inspection in time or the background technical support personnel are not on duty, which will seriously affect the power generation of the unit. Summary of the invention

[0003] Therefore, it is crucial to improve the diagnostic efficiency of modal frequency amplitude anomalies of wind turbines.

[0004] In a general aspect, a method for abnormality diagnosis of a wind turbine generator set is provided, the method comprising: obtaining operating data of the wind turbine generator set within a first time period as reference operating data; determining an actual modal frequency of a target component of the wind turbine generator set based on the reference operating data; obtaining operating data of the wind turbine generator set within a second time period as diagnostic operating data; and determining an abnormality cause and an operation and maintenance plan for the target component based on the diagnostic operating data and the actual modal frequency of the target component.

[0005] Optionally, determining the actual modal frequency of the target component of the wind turbine generator set based on the reference operating data includes: performing spectrum calculation on the reference operating data to obtain multiple reference frequency values ​​of the reference operating data and an amplitude corresponding to each reference frequency value in the multiple reference frequency values; determining a design frequency band of the target component based on the design modal frequency of the target component, wherein the design modal frequency of the target component is within the design frequency band of the target component; screening out reference frequency values ​​within the design frequency band of the target component from the multiple reference frequency values ​​to obtain multiple candidate frequency values; and determining a candidate frequency value with the largest amplitude from the multiple candidate frequency values ​​as the actual modal frequency of the target component.

[0006] Optionally, determining the actual modal frequency of the target component of the wind turbine generator set based on the reference operating data includes: determining the actual modal frequencies of the target component in multiple first time periods respectively based on the reference operating data of the wind turbine generator set in multiple first time periods; and determining a statistical value of the actual modal frequencies of the target component in multiple first time periods as the actual modal frequency of the target component.

[0007] Optionally, the reference operating data includes at least one of the following: cabin acceleration, rotational speed, torque control data, pitch rate control data; wherein, when the reference operating data includes the cabin acceleration, if the actual modal frequency of the target component includes the actual modal frequency within the impeller surface, the cabin acceleration includes lateral cabin acceleration; if the actual modal frequency of the target component includes the actual modal frequency outside the impeller surface, the cabin acceleration includes front and rear cabin accelerations.

[0008] Optionally, the obtaining of operating data of the wind turbine generator set within a second time period as diagnostic operating data includes: when the target component includes components other than the impeller, obtaining first operating data and a rotational speed of the wind turbine generator set within the second time period as the diagnostic operating data; determining the abnormal cause and an operation and maintenance plan of the target component based on the diagnostic operating data and the actual modal frequency of the target component includes: determining whether a modal frequency amplitude abnormality occurs in the target component based on the first operating data and the actual modal frequency of the target component; when it is determined that a modal frequency amplitude abnormality occurs in the target component, determining whether resonance occurs in the target component based on the rotational speed and a reference modal frequency, wherein the reference modal frequency is related to the actual modal frequency of the target component; and determining the abnormal cause and an operation and maintenance plan of the target component based on the result of determining whether the target component resonates.

[0009] Optionally, determining whether the target component resonates based on the rotational speed and the reference modal frequency includes: determining that the target component resonates when the maximum amplitude of the rotational speed is greater than a preset rotational speed amplitude, the frequency value corresponding to the maximum amplitude of the rotational speed, and the rotational speed multiple are all close to the reference modal frequency, wherein the rotational speed multiple is calculated based on the rotational speed.

[0010] Optionally, determining the abnormal cause and operation and maintenance plan of the target component based on the determination result of whether the target component resonates includes: when the determination result indicates that the target component resonates, determining that the abnormal cause of the target component is a control strategy reason, and determining the operation and maintenance plan is to output warning information and adjust the control strategy.

[0011] Optionally, the actual modal frequency of the target component includes an actual first-order modal frequency and an actual second-order modal frequency of the target component, wherein the abnormal cause and operation and maintenance plan of the target component are determined according to the determination result of whether the target component resonates, including: when it is determined that the first-order modal frequency amplitude of the target component is abnormal and the determination result indicates that the target component does not resonate, the abnormal cause of the target component is determined to be an occasional complex wind condition, and the operation and maintenance plan is determined to output early warning information; when the number of occasional complex wind conditions occurring within a third time period exceeds a preset number of times, the abnormal cause of the target component is determined to be an excessive frequency of occasional complex wind conditions, and the operation and maintenance plan is determined to be shutdown and on-site inspection; when it is determined that the second-order modal frequency amplitude of the target component is abnormal and the determination result indicates that the target component does not resonate, the abnormal cause of the target component is determined to be a component structure reason, and the operation and maintenance plan is determined to be shutdown and on-site inspection.

[0012] Optionally, the obtaining of operating data of the wind turbine generator set within a second time period as diagnostic operating data includes: when the target component includes an impeller, obtaining second operating data, environmental data and a pitch angle of the wind turbine generator set within the second time period as the diagnostic operating data; determining the abnormal cause of the impeller and an operation and maintenance plan based on the diagnostic operating data and an actual modal frequency of the impeller includes: determining whether a modal frequency amplitude abnormality occurs in the impeller based on the second operating data and the actual modal frequency of the impeller; when it is determined that a modal frequency amplitude abnormality occurs in the impeller, determining the abnormal cause of the impeller and an operation and maintenance plan based on the environmental data and the pitch angle.

[0013] Optionally, the environmental data includes ambient temperature, ambient humidity and air density, wherein determining the abnormal cause of the impeller and the operation and maintenance plan based on the environmental data and the pitch angle includes: when the ambient temperature is less than a preset temperature, the ambient humidity is greater than a preset humidity, and the pitch angle is less than a preset pitch angle, determining that the abnormal cause of the impeller is impeller icing, and determining the operation and maintenance plan to shut down until the ambient temperature is greater than a target temperature; when the air density is less than a preset density and the pitch angle is less than a preset pitch angle, determining that the abnormal cause of the impeller is low air density, and determining the operation and maintenance plan to shut down until the air density is greater than a target density, and adjusting the control strategy after startup; when the abnormal cause of the impeller is not impeller icing or low air density, determining that the abnormal cause of the impeller is blade damage or severe blade contamination, and determining the operation and maintenance plan to shut down and conduct on-site inspection.

[0014] Optionally, determining the abnormal cause and operation and maintenance plan of the target component based on the diagnostic operation data and the actual modal frequency of the target component also includes: when the maximum amplitude of the diagnostic operation data is greater than a preset amplitude and the abnormal cause and operation and maintenance plan of the modal frequency amplitude abnormality have not been determined, determining the abnormal cause of the target component as a cause beyond the cognitive scope, and determining the operation and maintenance plan as shutdown and on-site inspection.

[0015] In another general aspect, there is provided an abnormality diagnosis device for a wind turbine generator set, the abnormality diagnosis device comprising: an acquisition unit configured to acquire operating data of the wind turbine generator set within a first time period as reference operating data; a determination unit configured to determine an actual modal frequency of a target component of the wind turbine generator set based on the reference operating data; the acquisition unit is further configured to acquire operating data of the wind turbine generator set within a second time period as diagnostic operating data; and a diagnostic unit configured to determine an abnormality cause and an operation and maintenance plan of the target component based on the diagnostic operating data and the actual modal frequency of the target component.

[0016] Optionally, the determination unit is further configured to: perform spectrum calculation on the reference operating data to obtain multiple reference frequency values ​​of the reference operating data and an amplitude corresponding to each of the multiple reference frequency values; determine a design frequency band of the target component according to the design modal frequency of the target component, wherein the design modal frequency of the target component is within the design frequency band of the target component; filter out reference frequency values ​​within the design frequency band of the target component from the multiple reference frequency values ​​to obtain multiple candidate frequency values; and determine a candidate frequency value with the largest amplitude from the multiple candidate frequency values ​​as the actual modal frequency of the target component.

[0017] Optionally, the determination unit is further configured to: determine the actual modal frequencies of the target components in multiple first time periods respectively according to the reference operation data of the wind turbine generator set in multiple first time periods; determine the statistical value of the actual modal frequencies of the target components in multiple first time periods as the actual modal frequencies of the target components.

[0018] Optionally, the reference operating data includes at least one of the following: cabin acceleration, rotational speed, torque control data, pitch rate control data; wherein, when the reference operating data includes the cabin acceleration, if the actual modal frequency of the target component includes the actual modal frequency within the impeller surface, the cabin acceleration includes lateral cabin acceleration; if the actual modal frequency of the target component includes the actual modal frequency outside the impeller surface, the cabin acceleration includes front and rear cabin accelerations.

[0019] Optionally, the acquisition unit is further configured to, when the target component includes components other than the impeller, acquire first operating data and a rotational speed of the wind turbine generator set within the second time period as the diagnostic operating data; the diagnostic unit is further configured to: determine whether the target component has a modal frequency amplitude abnormality based on the first operating data and the actual modal frequency of the target component; when it is determined that the target component has a modal frequency amplitude abnormality, determine whether the target component resonates based on the rotational speed and a reference modal frequency, wherein the reference modal frequency is related to the actual modal frequency of the target component; and determine the abnormal cause of the target component and an operation and maintenance plan based on the result of determining whether the target component resonates.

[0020] Optionally, the diagnostic unit is further configured to determine that resonance occurs in the target component when the maximum amplitude of the rotational speed is greater than a preset rotational speed amplitude, the frequency value corresponding to the maximum amplitude of the rotational speed, and the rotational speed multiple are both close to the reference modal frequency, wherein the rotational speed multiple is calculated based on the rotational speed.

[0021] Optionally, the diagnosis unit is further configured to determine that the abnormal cause of the target component is a control strategy cause when the determination result indicates that the target component resonates, and determine the operation and maintenance plan to output warning information and adjust the control strategy.

[0022] Optionally, the actual modal frequency of the target component includes an actual first-order modal frequency and an actual second-order modal frequency of the target component, and the diagnostic unit is further configured to: when it is determined that the target component has an abnormal first-order modal frequency amplitude, and the determination result indicates that the target component has not resonated, determine that the cause of the abnormality of the target component is an occasional complex wind condition, and determine that the operation and maintenance plan is to output early warning information; when the number of occasional complex wind conditions occurring within a third time period exceeds a preset number of times, determine that the cause of the abnormality of the target component is an excessive frequency of occasional complex wind conditions, and determine that the operation and maintenance plan is to shut down and conduct on-site inspection; when it is determined that the target component has an abnormal second-order modal frequency amplitude, and the determination result indicates that the target component has not resonated, determine that the cause of the abnormality of the target component is a component structure reason, and determine that the operation and maintenance plan is to shut down and conduct on-site inspection.

[0023] Optionally, the acquisition unit is also configured to, when the target component includes an impeller, acquire second operating data, environmental data and a pitch angle of the wind turbine generator set within the second time period as the diagnostic operating data; the diagnostic unit is further configured to: determine whether a modal frequency amplitude abnormality occurs in the impeller based on the second operating data and the actual modal frequency of the impeller; and when it is determined that a modal frequency amplitude abnormality occurs in the impeller, determine the cause of the impeller abnormality and an operation and maintenance plan based on the environmental data and the pitch angle.

[0024] Optionally, the environmental data includes ambient temperature, ambient humidity and air density, and the diagnostic unit is further configured to: when the ambient temperature is less than a preset temperature, the ambient humidity is greater than a preset humidity, and the pitch angle is less than a preset pitch angle, determine that the cause of the impeller abnormality is impeller icing, and determine the operation and maintenance plan to shut down until the ambient temperature is greater than a target temperature; when the air density is less than a preset density and the pitch angle is less than a preset pitch angle, determine that the cause of the impeller abnormality is low air density, and determine the operation and maintenance plan to shut down until the air density is greater than a target density, and adjust the control strategy after startup; when the cause of the impeller abnormality is not impeller icing or low air density, determine that the cause of the impeller abnormality is blade damage or severe blade contamination, and determine the operation and maintenance plan to shut down and conduct on-site inspection.

[0025] Optionally, the diagnostic unit is further configured to: perform spectrum calculation on the diagnostic operation data to obtain multiple diagnostic frequency values ​​of the diagnostic operation data and the amplitude corresponding to each of the multiple diagnostic frequency values; when the maximum amplitude of the diagnostic operation data is greater than a preset amplitude and the abnormal cause of the modal frequency amplitude abnormality and the operation and maintenance plan are not determined, determine that the abnormal cause of the target component is beyond the cognitive range, and determine the operation and maintenance plan as shutdown and on-site inspection.

[0026] In another general aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, which, when instructions in the computer-readable storage medium are executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to execute the abnormality diagnosis method for a wind turbine generator set as described above.

[0027] In another general aspect, a computer device is provided, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing computer executable instructions, wherein the computer executable instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to execute the abnormality diagnosis method for a wind turbine generator set as described above.

[0028] The present disclosure provides a method, device and storage medium for abnormal diagnosis of a wind turbine generator set. Considering that after the installation of the unit, the actual modal frequency of each component often deviates from the design modal frequency of the corresponding component, and there is a natural disadvantage of unreliable diagnostic benchmark, by first determining a reliable actual modal frequency based on reference operation data, and then performing abnormal diagnosis in combination with the diagnostic operation data and the actual modal frequency, a clear abnormal cause and a corresponding operation and maintenance plan can be determined, thereby achieving more detailed abnormal diagnosis, and then stopping for inspection only when necessary, thereby improving diagnostic efficiency and reducing losses caused by frequent shutdowns.

[0029] It is to be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 is a flow chart showing an abnormality diagnosis method of a wind turbine generator set according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing a flow chart of a scheme for identifying actual modal frequencies of a unit according to a specific embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing a process flow of diagnosing the root cause of abnormal amplitude of the first-order modal frequency of a tower according to a specific embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing a root cause diagnosis process of abnormal amplitude of the second-order modal frequency of a tower according to a specific embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0034] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing a process flow of diagnosing the root cause of abnormal impeller modal frequency amplitude according to a specific embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0035] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing a flow chart of frequency amplitude abnormality identification of a unit that exceeds the cognitive range according to a specific embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 7 is a block diagram showing an abnormality diagnosis device for a wind turbine generator set according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0037] Figure 8 is a block diagram illustrating a computer device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following specific embodiments are provided to help the reader obtain a comprehensive understanding of the methods, devices and / or systems described herein. However, after understanding the disclosure of the present application, various changes, modifications and equivalents of the methods, devices and / or systems described herein will be clear. For example, the order of operations described herein is only an example and is not limited to those orders set forth herein, but can be changed as will be clear after understanding the disclosure of the present application, except for operations that must occur in a specific order. In addition, for greater clarity and simplicity, the description of features known in the art may be omitted.

[0039] The features described herein can be implemented in different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the examples described herein. Rather, the examples described herein have been provided to illustrate only some of the many possible ways to implement the methods, devices, and / or systems described herein, which will be clear after understanding the disclosure of the present application.

[0040] As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any one of the associated listed items and any combination of any two or more.

[0041] Although terms such as "first", "second", and "third" may be used herein to describe various members, components, regions, layers, or portions, these members, components, regions, layers, or portions should not be limited by these terms. Instead, these terms are only used to distinguish one member, component, region, layer, or portion from another member, component, region, layer, or portion. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of the examples described herein, the first member, first component, first region, first layer, or first portion referred to in the examples may also be referred to as the second member, second component, second region, second layer, or second portion.

[0042] In the specification, when an element (such as a layer, a region, or a substrate) is described as being “on”, “connected to”, or “coupled to” another element, the element may be directly “on”, “connected to”, or “coupled to” another element, or one or more other elements may be present therebetween. Conversely, when an element is described as being “directly on”, “directly connected to”, or “directly coupled to” another element, there may be no other elements present therebetween.

[0043] The terms used herein are only used to describe various examples and are not intended to limit the disclosure. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. The terms "comprise", "include" and "have" indicate the presence of the described features, quantities, operations, components, elements and / or combinations thereof, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, quantities, operations, components, elements and / or combinations thereof.

[0044] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs after understanding the present disclosure. Unless explicitly defined as such herein, terms (such as those defined in a general dictionary) should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal manner.

[0045] Furthermore, in the description of examples, when it is considered that a detailed description of a well-known related structure or function would cause vague interpretation of the present disclosure, such a detailed description will be omitted.

[0046] Figure 1 is a flowchart illustrating an abnormality diagnosis method of a wind turbine generator set according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0047] Reference Figure 1 , in step S101, the operating data of the wind turbine generator set within the first time length is obtained as reference operating data. The first time length is a historical time length, which is specifically used to obtain the reference operating data required to determine the actual modal frequency. As an example, the first time length can be 100s to 200s, which is long enough to ensure the accuracy of the spectrum calculation, so as to extract the accurate actual modal frequency, but not too long, so as to reasonably control the single calculation amount, which helps to reduce the calculation load. It should be noted that in order to ensure the reliability of the spectrum calculation, only when the wind turbine generator set is in a continuous power generation state within the first time length, the obtained operating data will be used as reference operating data. If the continuous power generation time does not reach the first time length, the corresponding operating data will be discarded and not used as reference operating data.

[0048] Optionally, the reference operating data includes at least one of the following: cabin acceleration, rotation speed, torque control data, and pitch speed control data. These operating data can all reflect the vibration conditions of the unit components, and the larger the amplitude of these data, the stronger the vibration energy. By using at least one of these operating data as reference operating data, it is possible to ensure the reliable determination of the actual modal frequency, broaden the selection range of operating data, and improve the flexibility of the solution.

[0049] In step S102, the actual modal frequency of the target component of the wind turbine generator set is determined based on the reference operating data. As an example, the target component may include large components of the wind turbine generator set such as a tower and an impeller, or small components such as a gearbox and a generator, and the target component may be selected according to the object of interest in the actual diagnosis.

[0050] Optionally, when the target component includes an impeller and the reference operating data includes a cabin acceleration, if the actual modal frequency of the target component includes an actual modal frequency within the impeller surface, the cabin acceleration includes a lateral cabin acceleration, and if the actual modal frequency of the target component includes an actual modal frequency outside the impeller surface, the cabin acceleration includes front and rear cabin accelerations. The cabin acceleration specifically includes a lateral cabin acceleration and a front and rear acceleration, and for the impeller, the vibration within the impeller surface mainly affects the lateral cabin acceleration, and the vibration outside the impeller surface mainly affects the front and rear cabin accelerations. In view of this, by selecting a cabin acceleration in a matching direction according to whether the actual modal frequency of the target component of interest belongs to within the impeller surface or outside the impeller surface when the reference operating data includes the cabin acceleration, it is possible to more accurately determine the actual modal frequency of interest, providing a reliable basis for subsequent diagnosis.

[0051] Optionally, regarding the specific method for determining the actual modal frequency, step S102 includes: performing spectrum calculation on the reference operating data to obtain multiple reference frequency values ​​of the reference operating data and the amplitude corresponding to each reference frequency value in the multiple reference frequency values ​​(which can be called spectrum amplitude); determining the design frequency band of the target component according to the design modal frequency of the target component, wherein the design modal frequency of the target component is located within the design frequency band of the target component; screening out the reference frequency values ​​in the design frequency band of the target component from the multiple reference frequency values ​​to obtain multiple candidate frequency values; determining a candidate frequency value with the largest amplitude from the multiple candidate frequency values ​​as the actual modal frequency of the target component. Considering that there is a deviation between the actual modal frequency and the design modal frequency, the deviation is often not very large. By performing a certain degree of band widening based on the design modal frequency of the target component, the design frequency band of the target component is obtained, and then the frequency value with the largest amplitude of the reference operating data is found in the design frequency band as the actual modal frequency. The maximum amplitude can be used as a clue to realize the search for the actual modal frequency near the design modal frequency, thereby ensuring the reliable determination of the actual modal frequency. It should be understood that the bandwidth of the design frequency band needs to be appropriate, which is large enough to ensure that the actual modal frequency is included, and small enough to control the amount of calculation. As an example, a coefficient a greater than 0 and less than 1 can be configured, and a frequency band from (1-a) to (1+a) times the design modal frequency can be used as the design frequency band to achieve an equal search for the frequencies on the left and right sides of the design frequency band. The value of the coefficient a can be obtained by experience and / or experiment, and the value range of the coefficient a is, for example, 0.05 to 0.1.

[0052] Optionally, considering the limited accuracy of a single calculation, step S102 includes: determining the actual modal frequencies of the target components in multiple first time periods respectively according to the reference operating data of the wind turbine generator set in multiple first time periods; determining the statistical values ​​of the actual modal frequencies of the target components in multiple first time periods as the actual modal frequencies of the target components. By determining the actual modal frequencies respectively based on the reference operating data of different time periods multiple times, and then finally using the statistical values ​​of these multiple actual modal frequencies as the actual modal frequencies of the target components, the influence of occasional errors can be reduced, and the accuracy of the determined actual modal frequencies can be further improved. As an example, the statistical values ​​are the mean, the mode, and the set quantiles (e.g., the quantiles, the upper 20% quantiles), which are not limited in this disclosure, and the other statistical values ​​hereinafter are the same and will not be described in detail.

[0053] It should be understood that the actual modal frequency of the determined target component can be continuously updated to continuously track the change of the actual modal frequency as the unit is operating at a loss, or can be updated regularly to reduce the amount of calculation, and the present disclosure does not limit this. When executing subsequent diagnostic steps, the current latest actual modal frequency can be directly used.

[0054] In step S103, the operation data of the wind turbine generator set within the second time period is obtained as diagnostic operation data. It should be understood that, with respect to time, the time period for obtaining the operation data here is different from the time period of step S101, and the second time period may be equal to or unequal to the first time period, and the present disclosure does not limit this; with respect to the operation data, what specific operation data is obtained here needs to be determined in combination with the target component to be diagnosed, and the operation data obtained in step S101 is to determine the actual modal frequency, so the two are not necessarily related, and may be the same or different. In addition, similar to step S101, step S103 also uses the obtained operation data as diagnostic operation data only when the wind turbine generator set is continuously in the power generation state within the second time period. If the continuous power generation time does not reach the second time period, the corresponding operation data will be discarded and not used as diagnostic operation data.

[0055] In step S104, the abnormal cause and operation and maintenance plan of the target component are determined according to the diagnostic operation data and the actual modal frequency of the target component. For different target components or different modal frequencies of the same target component, the specific diagnostic method is different, which will be described in detail below.

[0056] The abnormality diagnosis method for wind turbines provided by the present invention takes into account that after the installation of the unit, the actual modal frequency of each component often deviates from the design modal frequency of the corresponding component, and there is a natural disadvantage of unreliable diagnostic benchmark. By first determining a reliable actual modal frequency based on reference operation data, and then performing abnormality diagnosis in combination with the diagnostic operation data and the actual modal frequency, a clear abnormality cause and a corresponding operation and maintenance plan can be determined, thereby achieving more detailed abnormality diagnosis, and then stopping for inspection only when necessary, thereby improving diagnostic efficiency and reducing losses caused by frequent shutdowns.

[0057] Next, the diagnostic methods for different target components and the diagnostic operation data used are introduced in detail. In short, as a large, exposed rotating component, the vibration mode of the impeller is different from that of other components, and the diagnostic method is also different from that of other components. Therefore, the following will be divided into two parts, introducing the impeller and components other than the impeller respectively.

[0058] In some embodiments, step S103 includes: when the target component includes components other than the impeller, obtaining the first operating data and the rotational speed of the wind turbine generator set within the second time period as diagnostic operating data. In other words, it is first clear that the rotational speed needs to be obtained, and other operating data also need to be obtained, which are recorded as the first operating data. As an example, the first operating data includes at least one of the following: cabin acceleration, torque control data, and pitch rate control data. Regarding the cabin acceleration, since it is aimed at components other than the impeller, it is not necessary to distinguish between the lateral cabin acceleration and the left and right cabin accelerations, and one or two can be selected from them. Step S104 includes: determining whether the target component has a modal frequency amplitude abnormality according to the first operating data and the actual modal frequency of the target component; in the case of determining that the target component has a modal frequency amplitude abnormality, determining whether the target component resonates according to the rotational speed and the reference modal frequency, wherein the reference modal frequency is related to the actual modal frequency of the target component; and determining the abnormal cause and operation and maintenance plan of the target component according to the determination result of whether the target component resonates. After analysis, it was found that when the target component has a modal frequency amplitude abnormality, if there is resonance, it is often caused by improper control strategy, otherwise there are other reasons. In view of this, by further determining whether resonance occurs when determining that a modal frequency amplitude abnormality has occurred, it can provide a reliable basis for troubleshooting the cause of the abnormality, help to clarify the cause of the abnormality and the corresponding operation and maintenance plan, and improve diagnostic efficiency. Specifically, in order to realize vibration-related calculations, it is necessary to first perform spectrum calculations on the acquired first operating data and speed to obtain multiple pairs of associated frequency values ​​and amplitudes. This calculation belongs to data preparation work and can be included in step S103 or step S104, and has no impact on the substantive content of the present disclosure.

[0059] Regarding the three sub-steps in step S104, optionally, when determining whether the target component has a modal frequency amplitude abnormality, multiple pairs of associated frequency values ​​and amplitudes of the first operating data can be used to achieve it. First, determine the maximum value of the spectrum amplitude of the first operating data, and then determine whether the maximum value of the spectrum amplitude is greater than the first operating data amplitude threshold b. If so, it indicates that a large vibration has occurred. At this time, determine whether the frequency value corresponding to the maximum value of the spectrum amplitude is close to the actual modal frequency of the target component determined in step S102. If so, it is determined that the target component has a modal frequency amplitude abnormality. It should be understood that the first operating data amplitude threshold b can be determined by experiment; when the maximum value of the spectrum amplitude of the first operating data is less than or equal to the first operating data amplitude threshold b, or although the maximum value of the spectrum amplitude of the first operating data is greater than the first operating data amplitude threshold b, but the frequency value corresponding to the maximum value of the spectrum amplitude is far away from the actual modal frequency of the target component determined in step S102, it is determined that the target component has no modal frequency amplitude abnormality. As an example, when judging whether the frequency value corresponding to the maximum value of the spectrum amplitude is close to the actual modal frequency of the target component, the method of determining the design frequency band in step S102 can be referred to, and the frequency band of (1-c) to (1+c) times the actual modal frequency of the target component can be determined, where c is a coefficient greater than 0 and less than 1. If the frequency value corresponding to the maximum value of the spectrum amplitude is within the frequency band, it is determined that the frequency value corresponding to the maximum value of the spectrum amplitude is close to the actual modal frequency of the target component, otherwise it is determined that the frequency value corresponding to the maximum value of the spectrum amplitude is far from the actual modal frequency of the target component. This part is the same as the prior art in that if it is to be determined that the modal frequency amplitude is abnormal, it is necessary to meet the condition that the maximum value of the spectrum amplitude is greater than the corresponding threshold value; the difference is that, with respect to frequency, the prior art only needs to meet the condition that the frequency value corresponding to the maximum value of the spectrum amplitude is greater than the corresponding threshold value, while the present disclosure needs to meet the condition that the frequency value corresponding to the maximum value of the spectrum amplitude is close to the actual modal frequency of the target component. Since the present disclosure determines a relatively accurate actual modal frequency in step S102, it can support the use of this condition, thereby narrowing the frequency condition range, helping to reduce the risk of misjudgment and improving the accuracy of judgment. It should be noted that, in the case where more than two items of data are used as the first operating data, for example, when the lateral cabin acceleration and torque control data are used simultaneously, it is possible to first determine whether a modal frequency amplitude abnormality occurs for each item of data separately, and then summarize the judgment results of each item of data. For example, it can be determined that a modal frequency amplitude abnormality has occurred when the judgment result of at least one item of data is yes, or it can be determined that a modal frequency amplitude abnormality has occurred when the judgment results of all items of data are yes. The present disclosure does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0060] Optionally, when determining whether the target component resonates, multiple pairs of associated frequency values ​​and amplitudes of the rotational speed and the rotational speed multiples can be used. The rotational speed multiple can be calculated based on the rotational speed. This calculation, like the spectrum calculation, belongs to data preparation work. Specifically, due to the large amount of rotational speed data obtained, the statistical value of the rotational speed obtained can be determined first, and then the rotational speed multiples can be calculated based on the statistical value of the rotational speed. The frequency value obtained by dividing the rotational speed by 60 is the rotational speed multiple 1, and the product of the rotational speed multiple 1 and n is the rotational speed multiple n. At least one specified multiple of the rotational speed can be used here, such as multiple 1 and multiple 2, and the present disclosure does not limit this. When the maximum amplitude of the rotational speed is greater than the preset rotational speed amplitude, the frequency value corresponding to the maximum amplitude of the rotational speed, and the rotational speed multiple are all close to the reference modal frequency, it is determined that the target component resonates. Here, the maximum amplitude of the spectrum of the rotational speed is greater than the preset rotational speed amplitude, indicating that the whole machine has a large amplitude of vibration during the rotation of the impeller, and the frequency value corresponding to the maximum amplitude of the spectrum reflects the frequency of the vibration. The rotational speed multiple is also often used in vibration research to determine the cause of the increase in machine vibration. By using the frequency value corresponding to the maximum amplitude of the rotational speed and the rotational speed multiplier at the same time in the frequency judgment, it is possible to reliably determine that the target component has resonated when both are close to the reference modal frequency related to the actual modal frequency of the target component, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the diagnosis. It should be understood that when judging whether the frequency value corresponding to the maximum amplitude of the rotational speed is close to the reference modal frequency, and when judging whether the rotational speed multiplier is close to the reference modal frequency, the scheme adopted when judging whether the frequency value corresponding to the maximum amplitude of the spectrum of the first operating data is close to the actual modal frequency of the target component can be referred to above, and the frequency band is constructed based on the reference modal frequency and a coefficient greater than 0 and less than 1, which will not be elaborated here. As an example, the reference modal frequency can directly use the actual modal frequency of the target component. In addition, since the premise of judging whether the target component resonates is that the modal frequency amplitude is abnormal, the frequency value corresponding to the maximum amplitude of the spectrum of the first operating data used when determining whether the modal frequency amplitude is abnormal must be close to the actual modal frequency of the target component, and thus the frequency value can also be used, and the present disclosure does not limit this. It should be noted that as the wind turbine operates, the structure of the turbine may slowly change, so as mentioned above, the actual modal frequency of the target component can be continuously updated, and the frequency value corresponding to the maximum value of the spectrum amplitude of the first operating data may be closer to the actual modal frequency at the current moment, so it can be considered to use this frequency value first.

[0061] Optionally, when determining the abnormal cause and operation and maintenance plan of the target component based on the determination result of whether the target component resonates, if the determination result indicates that the target component resonates, the abnormal cause of the target component is determined to be a control strategy cause, and the operation and maintenance plan is determined to be outputting warning information and adjusting the control strategy. Since resonance occurs during the rotation of the impeller and is strongly related to the rotation speed, and the rotation speed is directly determined by the control strategy, when it is determined that resonance occurs, it can be clearly determined that the abnormal cause is a control strategy cause. By outputting warning information and adjusting the control strategy, the abnormality can be eliminated without stopping the machine, effectively reducing the losses caused by unnecessary shutdowns and improving diagnostic efficiency.

[0062] Optionally, the actual modal frequency of the target component includes the actual first-order modal frequency and the actual second-order modal frequency of the target component. Accordingly, when determining the abnormal cause and operation and maintenance plan of the target component according to the determination result of whether the target component resonates, if it is determined that the amplitude of the first-order modal frequency of the target component is abnormal, and the determination result indicates that the target component does not resonate, then the abnormal cause of the target component is determined to be an occasional complex wind condition, and the operation and maintenance plan is determined to output warning information; if the number of occasional complex wind conditions within the third time period exceeds the preset number of times, then the abnormal cause of the target component is determined to be an excessive frequency of occasional complex wind conditions, and the operation and maintenance plan is determined to be shutdown and on-site inspection; if it is determined that the amplitude of the second-order modal frequency of the target component is abnormal, and the determination result indicates that the target component does not resonate, the abnormal cause of the target component is determined to be a component structure reason, and the operation and maintenance plan is determined to be shutdown and on-site inspection. When it is determined that no resonance has occurred, it can be determined that the cause of the abnormality is not due to the control strategy. By determining the abnormalities of the modal frequency amplitudes of different orders and clarifying the corresponding abnormal causes according to the actual situation, it is possible to further clarify the abnormal causes when no resonance occurs and determine the appropriate operation and maintenance plan, thereby ensuring the comprehensiveness of the diagnosis and helping to improve the efficiency of the diagnosis. Specifically, it was found through analysis that occasional complex wind conditions can cause abnormalities in the amplitude of non-resonant first-order modal frequencies, so the corresponding abnormal cause diagnosis can be performed, and no intervention is required at this time; however, if the occasional frequency of complex wind conditions is too high and exceeds the normal frequency, it is necessary to shut down for further inspection and analysis to clarify the specific cause of the abnormality. Occasional complex wind conditions often do not cause abnormalities in the amplitude of non-resonant second-order modal frequencies. Therefore, in this case, it can be considered that there are abnormalities in the component structure, and it is necessary to shut down for further inspection and analysis.

[0063] It should be noted that, for the case where the actual modal frequency of the target component includes at least two actual modal frequencies of the target component, such as the case where the actual first-order modal frequency and the actual second-order modal frequency are included in the previous paragraph, although the diagnostic schemes of different modal frequencies are described together for the convenience of description, and thus there is a sequence of description, in actual execution, independent diagnosis can be performed for each modal frequency in step S104, that is, the diagnosis of different modal frequencies does not affect each other and is performed simultaneously. Accordingly, the specific parameter values ​​used in different diagnostic processes may be different. It should be understood that the so-called independent diagnosis, taking the abnormal diagnosis of the first-order modal frequency of components other than the impeller as an example, is to determine whether the target component has an abnormal first-order modal frequency amplitude in step S104 with reference to the actual first-order modal frequency, and when it is determined that the target component has an abnormal first-order modal frequency amplitude, refer to the preset speed amplitude corresponding to the first-order modal frequency and the reference modal frequency related to the actual first-order modal frequency to determine whether resonance occurs, and then determine the cause of the abnormality and the operation and maintenance plan. Similarly, the diagnosis method of the impeller to be described below is also independently performed like the diagnosis of components other than the impeller.

[0064] For the execution of step S101 to step S03, as an example, the actual modal frequencies of each order of each target component can be uniformly determined in step S101 and step S102, and then the diagnostic operation data required for each target component can be uniformly obtained in step S103, and data preparation including spectrum calculation can be performed to obtain a data set. In step S104, it is only necessary to independently run the diagnostic process of each order of modal frequency of each target component, and obtain the required data from the data set at the starting point of the process, which helps to reduce the amount of repeated calculations.

[0065] In some embodiments, step S103 includes: when the target component includes an impeller, obtaining the second operating data, environmental data and pitch angle of the wind turbine generator set within the second time period as diagnostic operating data. In other words, it is first clear that the environmental data and pitch angle need to be obtained, and in addition, other operating data need to be obtained, which are recorded as second operating data. As an example, the second operating data includes at least one of the following: nacelle acceleration, rotation speed, torque control data, and pitch rate control data. It should be noted that although the available data of the second operating data is the same as the available data of the reference operating data, different data can be used during the execution process and are not related to each other. Step S104 includes: determining whether the impeller has a modal frequency amplitude abnormality according to the second operating data and the actual modal frequency of the impeller; when it is determined that the impeller has a modal frequency amplitude abnormality, determining the abnormal cause and operation and maintenance plan of the impeller according to the environmental data and the pitch angle. The step of using the second operating data to refer to the actual modal frequency of the impeller to determine whether the impeller has a modal frequency amplitude abnormality is similar to the step of determining whether the components other than the impeller have a modal frequency amplitude abnormality, and will not be elaborated here. When it is determined that the impeller has an abnormal modal frequency amplitude, considering that the abnormal vibration of the impeller is often caused by problems with the blades themselves or environmental factors, by analyzing the environmental data and pitch angle, the cause of the abnormality can be reliably identified, and then the corresponding operation and maintenance plan can be determined, which helps to improve diagnostic efficiency.

[0066] Optionally, specifically with regard to how to diagnose the cause of the abnormality and determine the corresponding operation and maintenance plan, the environmental data used include ambient temperature, ambient humidity and air density. According to the environmental data and the pitch angle, the steps of determining the cause of the impeller abnormality and the operation and maintenance plan include: when the ambient temperature is less than the preset temperature, the ambient humidity is greater than the preset humidity, and the pitch angle is less than the preset pitch angle, determining that the cause of the impeller abnormality is impeller icing, and determining the operation and maintenance plan to shut down until the ambient temperature is greater than the target temperature; when the air density is less than the preset density and the pitch angle is less than the preset pitch angle, determining that the cause of the impeller abnormality is low air density, and determining the operation and maintenance plan to shut down until the air density is greater than the target density, and adjusting the control strategy after startup; when the cause of the impeller abnormality is not impeller icing or low air density, determining that the cause of the impeller abnormality is blade damage or severe blade contamination, and determining the operation and maintenance plan to shut down and conduct on-site inspection. In general, abnormal vibration of the impeller is often caused by problems with the blade itself or environmental factors. Environmental factors mainly include impeller icing, serious contamination of the blade surface caused by attachments, and blade stall and instability caused by low air density due to low ambient temperature. After analysis, impeller icing means low ambient temperature and high humidity, and blade stall and instability caused by low air density means low ambient air density. Both of these situations can be analyzed and determined in combination with the detection of environmental data, and such abnormalities can disappear on their own after the environment improves; problems with the blade itself and serious contamination of the blade are relatively difficult to detect directly, and require manual operation and maintenance. Based on this, by dividing the causes of impeller abnormalities into three types: impeller icing, low air density, blade damage or serious blade contamination, and combining environmental data to clarify the first two abnormal causes, and directly classifying the situations other than the first two abnormal causes as the third abnormal cause, it is possible to use less calculation to reasonably determine the abnormal causes and operation and maintenance plans, thereby improving the efficiency of abnormal diagnosis. At the same time, when combining environmental data to clarify the first two abnormal causes, considering that when the wind energy absorbed by the unit is severely reduced, the control will adjust the pitch angle to capture more wind energy, so a pitch angle that is too small can represent poor wind energy absorption. By adding the judgment condition that the pitch angle is less than the preset pitch angle, it is possible to determine whether the wind energy absorption is poor due to environmental factors, and then determine the specific cause of the environmental abnormality based on the specific environmental data, ensuring the reliability of cause investigation. In addition, for cases where the abnormal cause is low air density, considering that air density is related to the control strategy, by adding the part of adjusting the control strategy after startup to its operation and maintenance plan, the operational stability after shutdown and restart can be guaranteed.

[0067] In some embodiments, step S104 further includes: when the maximum amplitude value of the diagnostic operation data is greater than the preset amplitude value, and the abnormal cause and operation and maintenance plan of the modal frequency amplitude abnormality are not determined, the abnormal cause of the target component is determined to be beyond the cognitive scope, and the operation and maintenance plan is determined to be shutdown and on-site inspection. When the detection of the modal frequency amplitude abnormality and the determination of the abnormal cause of the target component are performed at the same time, by further enriching the plan, the situation where the amplitude is too large but the abnormal cause of the modal frequency amplitude abnormality is not diagnosed, that is, the maximum spectrum amplitude value of the diagnostic operation data is greater than the preset amplitude value, but the frequency value corresponding to the maximum spectrum amplitude value is not within the actual modal frequency and speed multiple frequency range of the target component that the unit is mainly concerned about, is still regarded as an abnormality, and the abnormal cause is classified as beyond the cognitive scope. After analysis, the cause of this abnormal situation may be damage to the major components of the unit, resulting in changes in the actual modal frequency, etc. Through shutdown inspection, it is possible to fully guarantee the comprehensive identification of abnormal situations on the basis of identifying the abnormal cause as accurately as possible, which is helpful to ensure the safe operation of the wind turbine. It should be understood that in the case where multiple data are selected for diagnostic operation data, such as the case where cabin acceleration and rotation speed are selected at the same time, the preset amplitudes corresponding to different data may be different and may be determined in combination with experiments; when the maximum amplitude value of any data is greater than its corresponding preset amplitude value, the maximum amplitude value of the diagnostic operation data may be considered to be greater than the preset amplitude value. Of course, the maximum amplitude value of the diagnostic operation data may be considered to be greater than the preset amplitude value only when the maximum amplitude values ​​of all data are greater than their respective corresponding preset amplitude values. The present disclosure does not limit this. It should also be understood that since the diagnosis of reasons beyond the scope of cognition needs to be combined with the diagnostic results of the modal frequency amplitude abnormality, the diagnostic process may be slightly later than the diagnostic process of the modal frequency amplitude abnormality of the target component.

[0068] Next, combine Figures 2 to 6 , introduces an abnormality diagnosis method for a wind turbine generator set according to a specific embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0069] This specific embodiment includes five parts: the actual modal frequency identification scheme of the unit, the root cause diagnosis and operation and maintenance scheme of the first-order modal frequency amplitude abnormality of the tower, the root cause diagnosis and operation and maintenance scheme of the second-order modal frequency amplitude abnormality of the tower, the root cause diagnosis and operation and maintenance scheme of the impeller modal frequency amplitude abnormality, and the frequency amplitude abnormality identification and operation and maintenance scheme of the unit beyond the cognitive range. Among them, the impeller modal frequency amplitude abnormality is demonstrated by taking the modal frequency in the impeller surface as an example, and the root cause diagnosis and operation and maintenance scheme of the modal frequency amplitude abnormality outside the impeller surface is the same as the root cause diagnosis and operation and maintenance scheme of the modal frequency amplitude abnormality in the impeller surface. The reason for identifying the actual modal frequency of the unit is that there is a certain deviation between the design modal frequency of the unit and the actual modal frequency of the whole machine after the unit is installed. In this specific embodiment, since it is necessary to diagnose the abnormal modal frequency amplitude in the impeller surface, the lateral cabin acceleration is selected as the reference operation data; regarding the diagnostic operation data, the first operation data selects the cabin acceleration (either the lateral cabin acceleration or the front and rear cabin acceleration), and the second operation data selects the speed.

[0070] Reference Figure 2 , the actual modal frequency identification scheme of the unit is to first take the t1 duration as a data unit and continuously obtain the lateral cabin acceleration of the unit in the power generation state. This means that if the continuous power generation duration does not reach the t1 duration, the obtained data will be discarded. The same applies below. Next, the spectrum is calculated for each data unit, and the frequency band of (1-a) to (1+a) times the design modal frequency is extracted, where the design modal frequency includes the first-order design modal frequency of the tower, the second-order design modal frequency of the tower, the first-order design modal frequency in the impeller surface, the second-order design modal frequency in the impeller surface, and the third-order design modal frequency in the impeller surface. The frequency value corresponding to the maximum amplitude in the frequency band is used as the actual modal frequency extracted by this data unit. The actual modal frequency includes the first-order actual modal frequency of the tower, the second-order actual modal frequency of the tower, the first-order actual modal frequency in the impeller surface, the second-order actual modal frequency in the impeller surface, and the third-order actual modal frequency in the impeller surface. And the actual modal frequency extracted from each data unit is stored. When the number of data units reaches n, the actual modal frequencies extracted from the n data units are averaged as the identified actual modal frequencies. Wherein, the value range of t1 is 100s to 200s, the value range of a is 0.05 to 0.1, and the value range of n is greater than 100.

[0071] Reference Figure 3, the root cause diagnosis and operation and maintenance plan for the abnormal first-order modal frequency amplitude of the tower is to first use the t2 time length as a data unit, continuously obtain the cabin acceleration and speed of the unit in the power generation state, and then prepare data, including spectrum calculation of the cabin acceleration and speed, and calculation of the average value of the speed, and calculation of the speed multiple based on the average value of the speed. Next, it is determined whether the maximum value of the cabin acceleration spectrum amplitude > b is satisfied at the same time, and the frequency value corresponding to the maximum value of the cabin acceleration spectrum amplitude is within the frequency band of (1-c) to (1+c) times the actual first-order modal frequency of the tower. If so, it is determined that the tower has a first-order modal frequency amplitude abnormality, and it is further determined whether the maximum value of the speed spectrum amplitude > d is satisfied at the same time, and the ratio of the frequency value corresponding to the maximum value of the speed spectrum amplitude to the frequency value corresponding to the maximum value of the cabin acceleration spectrum amplitude, and the ratio of the speed multiple to the frequency value corresponding to the maximum value of the cabin acceleration spectrum amplitude are all within the range of (1-e) to (1+e). If yes, it is determined that resonance has occurred, the abnormal cause is the control strategy, the operation and maintenance plan is to output warning information but not shut down, and no on-site inspection by operation and maintenance personnel is required. Feedback to R&D personnel is required to optimize the control strategy; if no, it is determined that no resonance has occurred, the abnormal cause is occasional complex wind conditions, and the operation and maintenance plan is to output warning information but not shut down. If the number of warnings within the duration of t3 is greater than f, it is further determined that the abnormal cause is the frequency of occasional complex wind conditions exceeding the limit, that is, exceeding the occasional frequency of conventional complex wind conditions, and the operation and maintenance plan is to shut down for failure, wait for the operation and maintenance personnel to check that there is no abnormality in the major components and restart the machine, and at the same time send the operation data to the R&D personnel for further analysis of the root cause. Among them, the value of t2 is consistent with t1, b can be 0.04g (g is the acceleration of gravity), c and e can be 0.05, d ranges from 0.2RPM (Revolutions Per Minute) to 0.5RPM, t3 can be 24h, and f ranges from 3 to 5.

[0072] Reference Figure 4 , the root cause diagnosis and operation and maintenance plan for the abnormal second-order modal frequency amplitude of the tower is similar to the root cause diagnosis and operation and maintenance plan for the abnormal first-order modal frequency amplitude of the tower. The difference is that when it is determined that the tower has an abnormal second-order modal frequency amplitude and no resonance occurs, the abnormal cause is the component structure, specifically the tower system structure. The operation and maintenance plan is the same as when the abnormal cause is the frequency of occasional complex wind conditions exceeding the limit, that is, the fault shutdown is carried out, and the operation and maintenance personnel will restart the machine after checking that there is no abnormality in the major components, and at the same time send the operation data to the R&D personnel for further analysis of the root cause. Of course, the parameter values ​​used in this plan are also slightly different from the root cause diagnosis and operation and maintenance plan for the abnormal first-order modal frequency amplitude of the tower. Among them, the value of t2 remains consistent with t1, h can be 0.05g, i and k are still 0.05, and the value range of j is 0.3RPM to 0.4RPM.

[0073] Reference Figure 5 , the root cause diagnosis and operation and maintenance plan for the abnormal impeller modal frequency amplitude is to first use the t2 time as a data unit to continuously obtain the speed, ambient temperature, ambient humidity and pitch angle of the unit under the power generation state, and then prepare the data, including spectrum calculation of the speed, calculation of the average value of the ambient temperature and ambient humidity, and calculation of the average air density based on the average ambient temperature and altitude. Next, determine whether the maximum speed spectrum amplitude is greater than m, and whether the frequency value corresponding to the maximum speed spectrum amplitude is within the frequency band of (1-n) to (1+n) times the actual impeller modal frequency. If so, it is determined that the impeller has a modal frequency amplitude abnormality, and continue to determine whether the average ambient temperature is less than o, the average ambient humidity is greater than p, and the pitch angle is less than the designed minimum pitch angle + q. If so, it is determined that the cause of the abnormality is the icing of the impeller, which causes the blades to stall and become unstable, and the operation and maintenance plan is determined to be a fault protection shutdown until the ambient temperature rises to a temperature greater than the target temperature and then automatically starts to run, without the need for on-site inspection by the operation and maintenance personnel; if not, it is further determined whether the average air density < r, and the pitch angle < the designed minimum pitch angle + q are satisfied at the same time. If so, it is determined that the cause of the abnormality is low air density, which causes the blades to stall and become unstable, and the operation and maintenance plan is determined to be a fault protection shutdown until the air density rises to a temperature greater than the target density and then automatically starts to run, without the need for on-site inspection by the operation and maintenance personnel, but the operation data needs to be sent to the R&D personnel to make adaptive adjustments to the control strategy after starting; if not, it is determined that the cause of the abnormality is blade damage or severe contamination of the blades, which causes the blades to stall and become unstable, and the operation and maintenance plan is determined to be a fault shutdown, and the operation and maintenance personnel need to check on-site that there is no abnormality in the blades before starting the machine, and the operation data is sent to the R&D personnel for analysis. Among them, the value of t2 remains consistent with t1, the value range of m is 0.3RPM to 0.4RPM, n can be 0.05, o can be 2℃, p can be 0.7, q can be 0.5°, and r can be 1.1g / L.

[0074] Reference Figure 6 The frequency amplitude abnormality identification and operation and maintenance plan for units beyond the cognitive range is to first use the t2 duration as a data unit to continuously obtain the cabin acceleration and speed of the unit in the power generation state, and perform spectrum calculations. Next, determine whether the maximum cabin acceleration spectrum amplitude > s or the maximum speed spectrum amplitude > u is met. If so, continue to determine whether the tower first-order, tower second-order, and impeller surface modal frequency amplitude abnormality warning or shutdown is triggered. If triggered, follow Figures 3 to 5The process determines the cause of the abnormality and the operation and maintenance plan. If it is not triggered, the cause of the abnormality is determined to be beyond the cognitive scope, and the operation and maintenance plan is to shut down the machine for failure, wait for the operation and maintenance personnel to check that there is no abnormality in the major components, and then restart the machine, and send the operation data to the R&D personnel for further analysis of the root cause. Among them, the value of t2 remains consistent with t1, s can be 0.05g, and the value range of u is 0.3RPM to 0.4RPM.

[0075] In general, the present disclosure has found through analysis that there are many factors that cause abnormal modal frequency amplitude of the unit, mainly including three categories: adaptability factors of control strategy design, structural damage of large components of the unit, and environmental factors. Environmental factors can be further subdivided into blade icing, severe contamination of the blade surface caused by attachments, low air density caused by low ambient temperature leading to blade stall and instability, and complex wind conditions (high turbulence wind conditions). In this regard, based on the operating principle of wind turbines, the present disclosure provides a scheme that combines unit design with comprehensive overall control adaptability factors, structural damage factors of large components, and environmental factors to diagnose the root cause of abnormal modal frequency amplitude of the unit, and matches different levels of unit control protection and on-site operation and maintenance schemes according to different diagnostic results to improve operation and maintenance efficiency, reduce power generation losses, and improve the economic benefits of wind farms.

[0076] Figure 7 Detailed description is a block diagram showing an abnormality diagnosis device for a wind turbine generator set according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0077] Reference Figure 7 The abnormality diagnosis device 700 for a wind turbine generator set includes an acquisition unit 701 , a determination unit 702 , and a diagnosis unit 703 .

[0078] The acquisition unit 701 may acquire the operation data of the wind turbine generator set within a first period of time as reference operation data.

[0079] The determination unit 702 may determine the actual modal frequency of the target component of the wind turbine generator system according to the reference operation data.

[0080] Optionally, the reference operating data includes at least one of the following: cabin acceleration, rotational speed, torque control data, pitch rate control data; wherein, when the reference operating data includes cabin acceleration, if the actual modal frequency of the target component includes the actual modal frequency within the impeller surface, the cabin acceleration includes lateral cabin acceleration; if the actual modal frequency of the target component includes the actual modal frequency outside the impeller surface, the cabin acceleration includes front and rear cabin accelerations.

[0081] Optionally, the determination unit 702 may also: perform spectrum calculation on the reference operating data to obtain multiple reference frequency values ​​of the reference operating data and an amplitude corresponding to each reference frequency value in the multiple reference frequency values; determine a design frequency band of the target component according to the design modal frequency of the target component, wherein the design modal frequency of the target component is within the design frequency band of the target component; filter out reference frequency values ​​within the design frequency band of the target component from the multiple reference frequency values ​​to obtain multiple candidate frequency values; and determine a candidate frequency value with the largest amplitude from the multiple candidate frequency values ​​as the actual modal frequency of the target component.

[0082] Optionally, the determination unit 702 may also: determine the actual modal frequencies of the target components in the multiple first time periods respectively according to the reference operation data of the wind turbine generator set in the multiple first time periods; determine the statistical value of the actual modal frequencies of the target components in the multiple first time periods as the actual modal frequencies of the target components.

[0083] The acquisition unit 701 may also acquire the operation data of the wind turbine generator set within the second time period as the diagnostic operation data.

[0084] The diagnosis unit 703 may determine the abnormal cause and operation and maintenance plan of the target component according to the diagnosis operation data and the actual modal frequency of the target component.

[0085] Optionally, the acquisition unit 701 may also acquire the first operating data and the rotational speed of the wind turbine generator set within the second time period as diagnostic operating data when the target component includes components other than the impeller; the diagnosis unit 703 may also: determine whether the target component has a modal frequency amplitude abnormality based on the first operating data and the actual modal frequency of the target component; when it is determined that the target component has a modal frequency amplitude abnormality, determine whether the target component resonates based on the rotational speed and the reference modal frequency, wherein the reference modal frequency is related to the actual modal frequency of the target component; and determine the abnormal cause of the target component and an operation and maintenance plan based on the result of determining whether the target component resonates.

[0086] Optionally, the diagnostic unit 703 can also determine that the target component is resonating when the maximum amplitude of the speed is greater than a preset speed amplitude, the frequency value corresponding to the maximum amplitude of the speed and the speed multiple are both close to the reference modal frequency, wherein the speed multiple is calculated based on the speed.

[0087] Optionally, the diagnosis unit 703 may also determine that the abnormal cause of the target component is a control strategy cause when the determination result indicates that the target component resonates, and determine the operation and maintenance plan to output warning information and adjust the control strategy.

[0088] Optionally, the actual modal frequency of the target component includes the actual first-order modal frequency and the actual second-order modal frequency of the target component. The diagnostic unit 703 may also: when it is determined that the target component has an abnormal first-order modal frequency amplitude and the determination result indicates that the target component has not resonated, determine that the cause of the abnormality of the target component is an occasional complex wind condition, and determine that the operation and maintenance plan is to output early warning information; when the number of occasional complex wind conditions occurring within a third time period exceeds a preset number of times, determine that the cause of the abnormality of the target component is an excessive frequency of occasional complex wind conditions, and determine that the operation and maintenance plan is to shut down and conduct an on-site inspection; when it is determined that the target component has an abnormal second-order modal frequency amplitude and the determination result indicates that the target component has not resonated, determine that the cause of the abnormality of the target component is a component structure reason, and determine that the operation and maintenance plan is to shut down and conduct an on-site inspection.

[0089] Optionally, when the target component includes an impeller, the acquisition unit 701 may also acquire second operating data, environmental data and pitch angle of the wind turbine generator set within a second time period as diagnostic operating data; the diagnostic unit 703 may also: determine whether the impeller has a modal frequency amplitude abnormality based on the second operating data and the actual modal frequency of the impeller; when it is determined that the impeller has a modal frequency amplitude abnormality, determine the cause of the impeller abnormality and an operation and maintenance plan based on the environmental data and the pitch angle.

[0090] Optionally, the environmental data includes ambient temperature, ambient humidity and air density. The diagnostic unit 703 may also: when the ambient temperature is less than a preset temperature, the ambient humidity is greater than a preset humidity, and the pitch angle is less than a preset pitch angle, determine that the cause of the impeller abnormality is impeller icing, and determine the operation and maintenance plan to shut down until the ambient temperature is greater than a target temperature; when the air density is less than a preset density and the pitch angle is less than a preset pitch angle, determine that the cause of the impeller abnormality is low air density, and determine the operation and maintenance plan to shut down until the air density is greater than the target density, and adjust the control strategy after startup; when the cause of the impeller abnormality is not impeller icing or low air density, determine that the cause of the impeller abnormality is blade damage or severe blade contamination, and determine the operation and maintenance plan to shut down and conduct on-site inspection.

[0091] Optionally, the diagnostic unit 703 may also determine that the cause of the abnormality of the target component is beyond the cognitive scope and determine the operation and maintenance plan as shutdown and on-site inspection when the maximum amplitude of the diagnostic operation data is greater than a preset amplitude and the abnormal cause and operation and maintenance plan of the modal frequency amplitude abnormality have not been determined.

[0092] Regarding the device in the above embodiment, the specific manner in which each unit performs the operation has been described in detail in the embodiment of the method, and will not be elaborated here.

[0093] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the abnormality diagnosis method of the wind turbine generator set can be written as a computer program and stored on a computer-readable storage medium. When the instructions corresponding to the computer program are executed by the processor, the abnormality diagnosis method of the wind turbine generator set as described above can be implemented. Examples of computer-readable storage media include: read-only memory (ROM), random access programmable read-only memory (PROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), random access memory (RAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), flash memory, non-volatile memory, CD-ROM, CD-R, CD+R, CD-RW, CD+RW, DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM, BD-ROM, BD-R, BD-R LTH, BD-RE, Blu-ray or optical disk storage, hard disk drive (HDD), solid state drive (SSD), card storage (such as, multimedia card, secure digital (SD) card or extreme digital (XD) card), magnetic tape, floppy disk, magneto-optical data storage device, optical data storage device, hard disk, solid state disk and any other device, any other device is configured to store computer program and any associated data, data files and data structures in a non-transitory manner and provide the computer program and any associated data, data files and data structures to a processor or computer so that the processor or computer can execute the computer program. In one example, the computer program and any associated data, data files and data structures are distributed on a networked computer system so that the computer program and any associated data, data files and data structures are stored, accessed and executed in a distributed manner by one or more processors or computers.

[0094] Figure 8 is a block diagram illustrating a computer device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0095] Reference Figure 8 The computer device 800 includes at least one memory 801 and at least one processor 802, wherein the at least one memory 801 stores a set of computer executable instructions. When the set of computer executable instructions is executed by the at least one processor 802, the abnormality diagnosis method of the wind turbine generator set according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is executed.

[0096] As an example, the computer device 800 may be a PC, a tablet device, a personal digital assistant, a smart phone, or other device capable of executing the above-mentioned instruction set. Here, the computer device 800 is not necessarily a single electronic device, but may also be any device or circuit collection capable of executing the above-mentioned instructions (or instruction sets) individually or in combination. The computer device 800 may also be part of an integrated control system or a system manager, or may be configured as a portable electronic device interconnected with a local or remote (e.g., via wireless transmission) interface.

[0097] In computer device 800, processor 802 may include a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a programmable logic device, a dedicated processor system, a microcontroller, or a microprocessor. By way of example and not limitation, the processor may also include an analog processor, a digital processor, a microprocessor, a multi-core processor, a processor array, a network processor, etc.

[0098] The processor 802 may execute instructions or codes stored in the memory 801, wherein the memory 801 may also store data. Instructions and data may also be sent and received over a network via a network interface device, wherein the network interface device may employ any known transmission protocol.

[0099] The memory 801 may be integrated with the processor 802, for example, by placing RAM or flash memory within an integrated circuit microprocessor or the like. In addition, the memory 801 may include a separate device, such as an external disk drive, a storage array, or any other storage device that can be used by a database system. The memory 801 and the processor 802 may be operatively coupled, or may communicate with each other, such as through an I / O port, a network connection, etc., so that the processor 802 can read files stored in the memory.

[0100] In addition, the computer device 800 may also include a video display (such as a liquid crystal display) and a user interaction interface (such as a keyboard, a mouse, a touch input device, etc.) All components of the computer device 800 may be connected to each other via a bus and / or a network.

[0101] The present disclosure provides a method, device and storage medium for abnormal diagnosis of a wind turbine generator set. Considering that after the installation of the unit, the actual modal frequency of each component often deviates from the design modal frequency of the corresponding component, and there is a natural disadvantage of unreliable diagnostic benchmark, by first determining a reliable actual modal frequency based on reference operation data, and then performing abnormal diagnosis in combination with the diagnostic operation data and the actual modal frequency, a clear abnormal cause and a corresponding operation and maintenance plan can be determined, thereby achieving more detailed abnormal diagnosis, and then stopping for inspection only when necessary, thereby improving diagnostic efficiency and reducing losses caused by frequent shutdowns.

[0102] The specific implementation methods of the present disclosure have been described in detail above. Although some embodiments have been shown and described, those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments may be modified and varied without departing from the principles and spirit of the present disclosure, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents. These modifications and variations should also be within the scope of protection of the claims of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for abnormality diagnosis of a wind turbine generator set, characterized in that: The abnormality diagnosis method comprises: Acquiring operating data of the wind turbine generator set within a first period of time as reference operating data; determining an actual modal frequency of a target component of the wind turbine generator set according to the reference operating data; Acquiring operating data of the wind turbine generator set within a second time period as diagnostic operating data; The abnormality cause and operation and maintenance plan of the target component are determined according to the diagnostic operation data and the actual modal frequency of the target component.

2. The abnormality diagnosis method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining the actual modal frequency of the target component of the wind turbine generator set according to the reference operating data includes: Performing frequency spectrum calculation on the reference operating data to obtain a plurality of reference frequency values ​​of the reference operating data and an amplitude corresponding to each of the plurality of reference frequency values; Determining a design frequency band of the target component according to the design modal frequency of the target component, wherein the design modal frequency of the target component is within the design frequency band of the target component; Filtering out reference frequency values ​​within a design frequency band of the target component from the plurality of reference frequency values ​​to obtain a plurality of candidate frequency values; A candidate frequency value with the largest amplitude is determined from the multiple candidate frequency values ​​as the actual modal frequency of the target component.

3. The abnormality diagnosis method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining the actual modal frequency of the target component of the wind turbine generator set according to the reference operating data includes: Determining respectively actual modal frequencies of the target component within a plurality of the first time periods according to reference operating data of the wind turbine generator set within a plurality of the first time periods; Determine a statistical value of each actual modal frequency of the target component in a plurality of the first time periods as the actual modal frequency of the target component.

4. The abnormality diagnosis method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reference operation data includes at least one of the following: nacelle acceleration, rotation speed, torque control data, pitch rate control data; Wherein, in the case where the reference operating data includes the cabin acceleration, if the actual modal frequency of the target component includes the actual modal frequency within the impeller surface, the cabin acceleration includes the lateral cabin acceleration; if the actual modal frequency of the target component includes the actual modal frequency outside the impeller surface, the cabin acceleration includes the front and rear cabin accelerations.

5. The abnormality diagnosis method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The obtaining the operation data of the wind turbine generator set within the second time period as the diagnostic operation data includes: In a case where the target component includes a component other than an impeller, obtaining first operating data and a rotation speed of the wind turbine generator set within the second time period as the diagnostic operating data; The determining, based on the diagnostic operation data and the actual modal frequency of the target component, the abnormal cause and operation and maintenance plan of the target component includes: Determining whether a modal frequency amplitude abnormality occurs in the target component according to the first operating data and the actual modal frequency of the target component; In the case where it is determined that the target component has an abnormal modal frequency amplitude, determining whether the target component resonates according to the rotation speed and the reference modal frequency, wherein the reference modal frequency is related to the actual modal frequency of the target component; According to the result of determining whether the target component resonates, the abnormality cause and operation and maintenance plan of the target component are determined.

6. The abnormality diagnosis method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step of determining whether resonance occurs in the target component according to the rotation speed and the reference modal frequency includes: When the maximum amplitude of the rotational speed is greater than a preset rotational speed amplitude, and the frequency value corresponding to the maximum amplitude of the rotational speed and the rotational speed multiple are both close to the reference modal frequency, it is determined that the target component resonates, wherein the rotational speed multiple is calculated based on the rotational speed.

7. The abnormality diagnosis method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The determining of the abnormality cause and operation and maintenance plan of the target component according to the determination result of whether the target component resonates comprises: In the case where the determination result indicates that the target component resonates, the abnormal cause of the target component is determined to be a control strategy cause, and the operation and maintenance plan is determined to be outputting warning information and adjusting the control strategy.

8. The abnormality diagnosis method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The actual modal frequency of the target component includes an actual first-order modal frequency and an actual second-order modal frequency of the target component, wherein determining the abnormal cause and operation and maintenance plan of the target component according to the result of determining whether the target component resonates includes: When it is determined that the target component has a first-order modal frequency amplitude abnormality, and the determination result indicates that the target component does not resonate, determining that the abnormal cause of the target component is an occasional complex wind condition, and determining that the operation and maintenance plan is to output warning information; When the number of occasional complex wind conditions that occur within the third time period exceeds a preset number, determining that the abnormal cause of the target component is that the frequency of occasional complex wind conditions exceeds a limit, and determining the operation and maintenance plan to be shutdown and on-site inspection; When it is determined that the target component has a second-order modal frequency amplitude abnormality and the determination result indicates that the target component does not resonate, the abnormal cause of the target component is determined to be a component structure reason, and the operation and maintenance plan is determined to be shutdown and on-site inspection.

9. The abnormality diagnosis method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The obtaining the operation data of the wind turbine generator set within the second time period as the diagnostic operation data includes: In a case where the target component includes an impeller, obtaining second operating data, environmental data and a pitch angle of the wind turbine generator set within the second time period as the diagnostic operating data; Determining the abnormal cause and operation and maintenance plan of the impeller according to the diagnostic operation data and the actual modal frequency of the impeller includes: Determining whether a modal frequency amplitude abnormality occurs in the impeller according to the second operating data and the actual modal frequency of the impeller; When it is determined that the impeller has an abnormal modal frequency amplitude, the abnormal cause and operation and maintenance plan of the impeller are determined based on the environmental data and the pitch angle.

10. The abnormality diagnosis method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The environmental data includes environmental temperature, environmental humidity and air density, wherein determining the abnormal cause and operation and maintenance plan of the impeller according to the environmental data and the pitch angle includes: When the ambient temperature is lower than the preset temperature, the ambient humidity is higher than the preset humidity, and the pitch angle is lower than the preset pitch angle, the abnormal cause of the impeller is determined to be impeller icing, and the operation and maintenance plan is to shut down the machine until the ambient temperature is higher than the target temperature; When the air density is less than the preset density and the pitch angle is less than the preset pitch angle, the abnormal cause of the impeller is determined to be low air density, and the operation and maintenance plan is determined to be shut down until the air density is greater than the target density, and the control strategy is adjusted after startup; When the cause of the impeller abnormality is not impeller icing or low air density, it is determined that the cause of the impeller abnormality is blade damage or severe blade contamination, and the operation and maintenance plan is determined to be shutdown and on-site inspection.

11. The abnormality diagnosis method according to any one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that: The determining the abnormality cause and operation and maintenance plan of the target component according to the diagnostic operation data and the actual modal frequency of the target component also includes: When the maximum amplitude value of the diagnostic operation data is greater than the preset amplitude value and the abnormal cause of the modal frequency amplitude abnormality and the operation and maintenance plan are not determined, the abnormal cause of the target component is determined to be beyond the cognitive scope, and the operation and maintenance plan is determined to be shutdown and on-site inspection.

12. An abnormality diagnosis device for a wind turbine generator set, characterized in that: The abnormality diagnosis device comprises: An acquisition unit is configured to acquire operation data of the wind turbine generator set within a first time period as reference operation data; a determination unit configured to determine an actual modal frequency of a target component of the wind turbine generator set according to the reference operating data; The acquisition unit is further configured to acquire operation data of the wind turbine generator set within a second time period as diagnostic operation data; The diagnosis unit is configured to determine the abnormality cause and operation and maintenance plan of the target component according to the diagnosis operation data and the actual modal frequency of the target component.

13. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: When the instructions in the computer-readable storage medium are executed by at least one processor, the at least one processor is prompted to execute the abnormality diagnosis method for a wind turbine generator set according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

14. A computer device, characterized in that: include: at least one processor; at least one memory storing computer executable instructions, When the computer executable instructions are executed by the at least one processor, the at least one processor is prompted to execute the abnormality diagnosis method for a wind turbine generator set according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

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