Adjustable energy taking and voltage measuring device and method based on electric field induction

Abstract

The invention discloses an adjustable energy taking and voltage measuring device and method based on electric field induction, and the device comprises a front end device which comprises a first energy taking electrode, a second energy taking electrode and a voltage measuring electrode which are disposed on the surface of an insulated wire, and is used for being connected with a corresponding circuit of a rear end device through the corresponding electrodes, the first energy-taking electrode is connected with the energy-taking circuit, the second energy-taking electrode is connected with the voltage stabilizing circuit, and the voltage measuring electrode is connected with the measuring circuit; the rear-end device comprises an energy taking circuit, a voltage stabilizing circuit and a measuring circuit and is used for controlling and outputting stable voltage by adjusting element parameters in the voltage stabilizing circuit, and the stable voltage is used by the energy taking circuit and the measuring circuit; the output voltage range is controlled by adjusting element parameters in the energy taking circuit, and stable and fixed-proportion following voltage sampling signals are provided through the measuring circuit. The output voltage can be further controlled by controlling element parameters, an external direct-current power supply is not needed, voltage acquisition and energy taking functions are integrated, and high energy taking efficiency is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy harvesting devices, and in particular to an adjustable energy harvesting and voltage measuring device and method based on electric field induction. Background Art

[0002] my country's power grid has the characteristics of wide coverage, long transmission line distance, complex terrain of transmission line location, and complex and diverse climate. Uncertain factors such as natural disasters (rain, snow, wind and frost, etc.) and man-made damage have always been the main threats to the safe operation of the power grid. As an important part of smart grid technology, the online monitoring device of transmission lines can, on the one hand, strengthen the real-time monitoring of transmission lines, gradually replace the traditional manual inspection, effectively improve the reliability of line operation, and improve the utilization efficiency of human resources; on the other hand, it can further collect and accumulate line operation and meteorological data, and provide basic data for the operation and maintenance of transmission lines and the design of related devices. However, the power supply problem of online monitoring devices restricts the development of monitoring technology. Due to the particularity of the installation location of online monitoring devices, it is impossible to supply power like ordinary electrical equipment. In addition, with the development of smart grids, higher requirements are also placed on the stability and reliability of power supply. How to provide safe and reliable power supply for online monitoring equipment is the core issue to ensure effective monitoring.

[0003] In recent years, there have been many studies on the power supply of online monitoring devices for transmission lines at home and abroad. At present, the main energy extraction methods include solar photovoltaic power generation, optical fiber microwave power supply, coil magnetic field energy extraction, and ground wire energy extraction. The advantages of solar cells are low cost and easy implementation, but they are susceptible to dust, have a short service life, high maintenance frequency, and the power supply quality is easily affected by the weather. Optical fiber microwave power supply mainly transmits energy from the ground to the online measurement device through optical fiber or microwave. The main disadvantage of this energy supply method is that it is expensive. Coil magnetic field energy extraction is to install the coil on the transmission line and use the principle of electromagnetic induction to extract energy, but the cost of the magnetic core is high, and the dead zone for 10kV line energy extraction is serious. Ground wire energy extraction mainly uses the vortex potential formed between the overhead ground wire and the earth to extract energy. The energy extraction device is installed on the ground wire, so it is easily damaged by lightning. The energy extraction device based on electric field induction has stable energy supply, does not require frequent maintenance, has a simple structure, and is low in cost. It can effectively make up for the defects of current mainstream energy supply methods such as CT energy extraction and solar energy combined with battery power supply.

[0004] At present, many energy-harvesting devices based on the principle of electric field induction are still unable to independently harvest energy. They also require additional DC power supplies to drive nonlinear circuit control elements, which will increase maintenance costs in disguise. Complex control circuits will also lead to low energy efficiency, high costs, and reduced reliability. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that many energy-collecting devices based on the principle of electric field induction are still unable to independently collect energy, and additional DC power supplies are required to drive nonlinear circuit control components, which will increase maintenance costs in disguise; complex control circuits will also lead to low energy collection efficiency, high costs, and reduced reliability. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an adjustable energy collection and voltage measurement device and method based on electric field induction, which can further control the output voltage by controlling the component parameters, does not require an external DC power supply, integrates voltage collection and energy collection functions, and has high energy collection efficiency and high operating reliability.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an adjustable energy extraction and voltage measurement device based on electric field induction, the device comprising:

[0008] A front-end device, comprising a first energy extraction electrode, a second energy extraction electrode and a voltage measurement electrode arranged on the surface of the insulated wire, and used to be connected to a corresponding circuit of the back-end device through corresponding electrodes, wherein the first energy extraction electrode is connected to the energy extraction circuit, the second energy extraction electrode is connected to the voltage stabilization circuit, and the voltage measurement electrode is connected to the measurement circuit;

[0009] The back-end device includes an energy extraction circuit, a voltage stabilization circuit and a measurement circuit, which is used to control the output stable voltage by adjusting the component parameters in the voltage stabilization circuit for use by the energy extraction circuit and the measurement circuit; the output voltage range is controlled by adjusting the component parameters in the energy extraction circuit, and a stable and fixed-ratio following voltage sampling signal is provided through the measurement circuit.

[0010] Furthermore, the first energy extraction electrode, the second energy extraction electrode and the voltage measurement electrode are all cylindrical hollow structures, which are sleeved on the surface of the insulating wire.

[0011] Furthermore, the first energy extraction electrode, the second energy extraction electrode and the voltage measurement electrode are all made of metal materials with good conductivity such as copper.

[0012] Furthermore, the first energy extraction electrode is a large energy extraction electrode with a height of 10 to 20 centimeters;

[0013] The second energy extraction electrode is a small energy extraction electrode with a height of 2 to 5 cm;

[0014] The height of the voltage measuring electrode is 2 to 10 cm;

[0015] The interval between adjacent electrodes among the first energy extraction electrode, the second energy extraction electrode and the voltage measurement electrode is more than 1 cm.

[0016] Furthermore, the front-end device also includes a rotary bearing structure, and the rotary bearing structure is used for installing and disassembling the front-end device.

[0017] Furthermore, the energy extraction circuit includes a first full-wave rectifier bridge UR1, a first input energy storage capacitor C i , the first largest resistor R F1 , the second largest resistor R F2 , drive circuit and switch device Q, first output energy storage capacitor C o and the equivalent load resistance R L ;

[0018] The first input end of the first full-wave rectifier bridge UR1 is connected to the first energy-taking electrode, the second input end is grounded, and the first output end is connected to the first input energy storage capacitor C i One end of the second output end is connected to the first input energy storage capacitor C i The other end of

[0019] The first large resistor R F1 and the second largest resistor R F2 After connecting in series with the first input energy storage capacitor C i In parallel, the first largest resistor R F1 and the second largest resistor R F2 The common end is connected to the drive circuit, the drive circuit is connected to the equipotential end, the output end is connected to the switch device Q, and the first output energy storage capacitor C o In parallel with the branch consisting of the drive circuit and the switch device Q, the equivalent load resistance R L Connected in parallel to the first output energy storage capacitor C o superior;

[0020] The first large resistor R F1 and the second largest resistor R F2 The voltage signal V of the series voltage divider ii Connect to the drive circuit, the output voltage signal of the drive circuit is V oo Control the switch device Q to turn on and off, and the first output energy storage capacitor C o Output energy to the equivalent load resistance R L superior;

[0021] The switching device Q adopts an NPN insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT or a MOS tube.

[0022] Furthermore, the driving circuit includes a resistor R c1 , resistor R c2 , resistor R c3 , resistor R c4 and comparator A;

[0023] Resistor R c1 One end of the resistor R is connected to the inverting input of comparator A. c2 One end of the resistor R c1 The common terminal with the inverting input terminal of comparator A, resistor R c2The other end is connected to the positive power supply terminal of comparator A, and the positive power supply terminal of comparator A is connected to the first output V cc ; The positive input of comparator A is connected through resistor R c4 Connect the first large resistor R F1 and the second largest resistor R F2 The voltage signal V of the series voltage divider ii ; Resistance R c3 One end of the resistor R is connected to the positive input of comparator A. c3 The other end is connected to the output end of comparator A;

[0024] The negative power supply terminal of comparator A, resistor R c1 The other end of is an equipotential point with the second output end of the first full-wave rectifier bridge UR1.

[0025] Further, the voltage stabilizing circuit includes a first LDO voltage stabilizing circuit and a second LDO voltage stabilizing circuit;

[0026] The first LDO voltage stabilizing circuit includes a second full-wave rectifier bridge UR2, a second input energy storage capacitor C hi , the first bias resistor R f , the first voltage stabilizing diode VZ1, the first transistor VT1 and the first filter capacitor C ho ;

[0027] The first input end of the second full-wave rectifier bridge UR2 is connected to the second energy extraction electrode, the second input end is grounded, and the first output end is connected to the second input energy storage capacitor C hi One end of the second output end is connected to the second input energy storage capacitor C hi The other end of the first bias resistor R f One end is connected to the first output end of the second full-wave rectifier bridge UR2, and the first bias resistor R f The other end is connected to the cathode of the first voltage stabilizing diode VZ1, the anode of the first voltage stabilizing diode VZ1 is connected to the second output end of the second full-wave rectifier bridge UR2; the cathode of the first voltage stabilizing diode VZ1 is also connected to the base of the first transistor VT1, the collector of the first transistor VT1 is connected to the first output end of the second full-wave rectifier bridge UR2, and the emitter of the first transistor VT1 serves as the first output V cc ; The first filter capacitor C ho One end is connected to the emitter of the first transistor VT1, and the first filter capacitor C ho The other end is connected to the second output end of the second full-wave rectifier bridge UR2;

[0028] The first LDO voltage stabilizing circuit and the second LDO voltage stabilizing circuit have the same structure, except that the equipotential point and the earth reference point are exchanged; the second LDO voltage stabilizing circuit structure includes a third full-wave rectifier bridge UR3, a third input energy storage capacitor Chil , the second bias resistor R f1 , the second voltage stabilizing diode VZ2, the second transistor VT2 and the second filter capacitor C hol ;

[0029] The first input end of the third full-wave rectifier bridge UR3 is connected to the second energy extraction electrode, and the first output end is connected to the third input energy storage capacitor C hil One end of the second output end is connected to the third input energy storage capacitor C hil The other end of the second bias resistor R f1 One end is connected to the first output end of the third full-wave rectifier bridge UR3, and the second bias resistor R f1 The other end is connected to the cathode of the second voltage stabilizing diode VZ2, the anode of the second voltage stabilizing diode VZ2 is connected to the second output end of the third full-wave rectifier bridge UR3; the cathode of the second voltage stabilizing diode VZ2 is also connected to the base of the second transistor VT2, the collector of the second transistor VT2 is connected to the first output end of the third full-wave rectifier bridge UR3, and the emitter of the second transistor VT2 serves as the second output V ccl ; The second filter capacitor C hol One end is connected to the emitter of the second transistor VT2, and the second filter capacitor C hol The other end is connected to the second output end of the third full-wave rectifier bridge UR3;

[0030] Among them, the second output end of the second full-wave rectifier bridge UR2 and the second input end of the third full-wave rectifier bridge UR3 are equipotential points.

[0031] Furthermore, the measuring circuit includes a resistor R1, a resistor R2, and a capacitor C v , capacitor C g and operational amplifier OP,

[0032] One end of the resistor R1 is grounded, and the other end is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP. One end of the resistor R2 is connected to the common end of the resistor R1 and the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP, and the other end is connected to the output terminal V of the operational amplifier OP. co ; Capacitor C v In parallel with the resistor R2, the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier OP is connected to the voltage measurement electrode. The positive input terminal of the operational amplifier OP is also connected through the capacitor C g Ground; the positive power supply terminal of the operational amplifier OP is connected to the second output V of the voltage regulator circuit ccl , the negative power supply terminal of the operational amplifier OP is grounded.

[0033] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides an adjustable energy extraction and voltage measurement method based on electric field induction, which is based on the above-mentioned adjustable energy extraction and voltage measurement device based on electric field induction; the method comprises:

[0034] The second energy extraction electrode is placed close to the surface of the insulated wire, and the second energy extraction electrode and the conductor part of the insulated wire induce a second parasitic capacitance C 2i , connected to two LDO voltage stabilizing circuits through the second full-wave rectifier bridge UR2 and the third full-wave rectifier bridge UR3 respectively, and the output stable voltage is controlled by adjusting the component parameters in the voltage stabilizing circuit;

[0035] The voltage measuring electrode is placed close to the surface of the insulated wire. The voltage measuring electrode and the conductor part of the insulated wire induce a third parasitic capacitance C 3i , providing a stable and fixed-ratio following voltage sampling signal through the measuring circuit;

[0036] The first energy extraction electrode is placed close to the surface of the insulated wire, and the first energy extraction electrode and the conductor part of the insulated wire induce a first parasitic capacitance C 1i , connected to the switching device Q through the first full-wave rectifier bridge UR1 of the energy extraction circuit, and the output voltage range is controlled by adjusting the component parameters in the energy extraction circuit.

[0037] Furthermore, the control process of the energy-taking circuit is:

[0038] In the initial state, the positive input voltage of comparator A is small and smaller than the negative input voltage, and the output voltage of the drive circuit is V oo Output low level, switch device Q is in the split position;

[0039] After the energy-taking circuit is started, the first input energy storage capacitor C i Charging, input voltage V ci When the input voltage V ci Rising to the upper threshold voltage V T+ When the positive input voltage of the driving circuit is equal to and will be greater than the negative input voltage V R , at this time, V oo Output high level, switch device Q is turned on;

[0040] After the input voltage V ci Rapidly decreases, the output voltage V o When the input voltage V ci Drops to the lower threshold voltage V T- After that, the positive input voltage of the driving circuit is equal to and will be less than the negative input voltage V R , V oo Output low level, switch device Q is turned off;

[0041] After the switch device Q is turned off, the input voltage V ci Continue charging, input voltage V ci Rising, output voltage V o Decrease, and continue the next cycle until the input voltage Vci and output voltage V o Both are sawtooth waveforms with upper and lower thresholds.

[0042] Furthermore, the upper threshold voltage V T+ The adjustment is determined by the following formula:

[0043]

[0044] Lower threshold voltage V T- The adjustment is determined by the following formula:

[0045]

[0046] in, V R The first output V of the voltage regulator circuit cc The voltage divided by two resistors is a fixed value; V OL The output of comparator A is low level, V OH The output of comparator A is high.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0048] The present invention discloses an adjustable energy extraction and voltage measurement device and method based on electric field induction. The device comprises: a front-end device, comprising a first energy extraction electrode, a second energy extraction electrode and a voltage measurement electrode arranged on the surface of an insulated wire, and used to connect with the corresponding circuit of the back-end device through the corresponding electrodes, wherein the first energy extraction electrode is connected to the energy extraction circuit, the second energy extraction electrode is connected to the voltage stabilization circuit, and the voltage measurement electrode is connected to the measurement circuit; a back-end device, comprising an energy extraction circuit, a voltage stabilization circuit and a measurement circuit, used to control the output stable voltage by adjusting the component parameters in the voltage stabilization circuit for use by the energy extraction circuit and the measurement circuit; the output voltage range is controlled by adjusting the component parameters in the energy extraction circuit, and a stable and fixed-ratio following voltage sampling signal is provided by the measurement circuit. Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) the output voltage can be further controlled by controlling the component parameters, and a high-efficiency energy extraction circuit is provided. (2) the voltage acquisition and energy extraction functions are integrated, and the energy extraction efficiency is high, and the operation reliability is high. (3) no external DC power supply is required, and the energy extraction and power supply are self-powered. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, constitute a part of this application, and do not constitute a limitation of the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0050] Figure 1 The front-end device structure of the adjustable energy extraction and voltage measurement device based on electric field induction of the present invention is schematically shown. Figure 1 ;

[0051] Figure 2 The front-end device structure of the adjustable energy extraction and voltage measurement device based on electric field induction of the present invention is schematically shown. Figure 2 ;

[0052] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the adjustable energy extraction and voltage measurement device based on electric field induction of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 4 It is a driving circuit diagram of the energy taking circuit of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the hysteresis characteristics of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 6 This is a flow chart of the adjustable energy extraction and voltage measurement method based on electric field induction of the present invention.

[0056] Reference numerals and corresponding component names:

[0057] 1-first energy extraction electrode, 2-second energy extraction electrode, 3-voltage measurement electrode, 4-insulated wire, 41-insulating layer, 42-metal layer, 5-rotating bearing structure, 6-protective layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] Hereinafter, the term "include" or "may include" used in various embodiments of the present invention indicates the presence of the invented function, operation or element, and does not limit the addition of one or more functions, operations or elements. In addition, as used in various embodiments of the present invention, the terms "include", "have" and their cognates are intended only to indicate specific features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components or combinations of the foregoing items, and should not be understood as first excluding the presence of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components or combinations of the foregoing items or the possibility of adding one or more features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components or combinations of the foregoing items.

[0059] In various embodiments of the present invention, the expression "or" or "at least one of A or / and B" includes any combination or all combinations of the words listed at the same time. For example, the expression "A or B" or "at least one of A or / and B" may include A, may include B, or may include both A and B.

[0060] The expressions (such as "first", "second", etc.) used in various embodiments of the present invention may modify the various constituent elements in various embodiments, but may not limit the corresponding constituent elements. For example, the above expressions do not limit the order and / or importance of the elements. The above expressions are only used for the purpose of distinguishing an element from other elements. For example, the first user device and the second user device indicate different user devices, although both are user devices. For example, without departing from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention, the first element may be referred to as the second element, and similarly, the second element may also be referred to as the first element.

[0061] It should be noted that if it is described that one component element is “connected” to another component element, the first component element may be directly connected to the second component element, and a third component element may be “connected” between the first component element and the second component element. Conversely, when one component element is “directly connected” to another component element, it can be understood that there is no third component element between the first component element and the second component element.

[0062] The terms used in various embodiments of the present invention are only used for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit various embodiments of the present invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to also include the plural form, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Unless otherwise limited, all terms used here (including technical terms and scientific terms) have the same meaning as the meaning generally understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the various embodiments of the present invention belong. The terms (such as the terms defined in the dictionary generally used) will be interpreted as having the same meaning as the contextual meaning in the relevant technical field and will not be interpreted as having an idealized meaning or an overly formal meaning, unless clearly defined in various embodiments of the present invention.

[0063] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their description are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the device structure is set on the three phases A, B, and C, that is, the front-end device structure of the device of the present invention is set on the three phases A, B, and C; the adjustable energy extraction and voltage measurement device based on electric field induction of the present invention includes:

[0066] The front-end device comprises a first energy extraction electrode 1, a second energy extraction electrode 2 and a voltage measurement electrode 3 arranged on the surface of the insulated wire 4 (insulating layer 41 and metal layer 42), and is used to connect with the corresponding circuit of the back-end device through the corresponding electrodes; each energy extraction electrode (the first energy extraction electrode 1, the second energy extraction electrode 2 and the voltage measurement electrode 3) is also provided with a protective layer 6;

[0067] The back-end device includes an energy extraction circuit, a voltage stabilization circuit and a measurement circuit, which is used to control the output stable voltage by adjusting the component parameters in the voltage stabilization circuit for use by the energy extraction circuit and the measurement circuit; the output voltage range is controlled by adjusting the component parameters in the energy extraction circuit, and a stable and fixed-ratio following voltage sampling signal is provided through the measurement circuit.

[0068] In this embodiment, the first energy extraction electrode 1 is a large energy extraction electrode with a height of 10 to 20 cm;

[0069] The second energy extraction electrode 2 is a small energy extraction electrode with a height of 2 to 5 cm;

[0070] The height of the voltage measuring electrode 3 is 2 to 10 cm;

[0071] The interval between adjacent electrodes among the first energy extraction electrode 1 , the second energy extraction electrode 2 and the voltage measurement electrode 3 is more than 1 cm.

[0072] In the above technical solution, the front-end device takes energy at the upper pole of the insulated conductor, and the tower provides the reference ground potential. The installation of the front-end device and the corresponding structure are as follows: Figure 1 As shown, for easy installation, the front-end device also has Figure 2 The rotary bearing structure 5 shown is used for installing and disassembling the front-end device. The rotary bearing structure 5 can be opened and closed for easy installation.

[0073] Depend on Figure 1 As shown, the front-end device mainly includes four parts: 1. The first energy-taking electrode 1 is connected to the energy-taking circuit; 2. The second energy-taking electrode 2 is connected to the voltage-stabilizing circuit; 3. The voltage-measuring electrode 3 is connected to the measuring circuit. The above electrodes are made of metal materials with good conductivity such as copper; the first energy-taking electrode 1, the second energy-taking electrode 2 and the voltage-measuring electrode 3 are all cylindrical hollow structures, which are sleeved on the surface of the insulating wire 4. 4. The remaining part is filled with a protective layer 6, which can be made of materials with good temperature, moisture and pressure resistance and insulation performance such as cross-linked polyethylene and silicone rubber.

[0074] The connection diagram of the front-end device and the back-end device is as follows: Figure 3 As shown;

[0075] In this embodiment, the second energy extraction electrode 2 is connected to a voltage stabilizing circuit, and the voltage stabilizing circuit includes a first LDO voltage stabilizing circuit and a second LDO voltage stabilizing circuit;

[0076] The first LDO voltage stabilizing circuit includes a second full-wave rectifier bridge UR2, a second input energy storage capacitor C hi , the first bias resistor R f , the first voltage stabilizing diode VZ1, the first transistor VT1 and the first filter capacitor C ho ;

[0077] The first input end of the second full-wave rectifier bridge UR2 is connected to the second energy extraction electrode 2, the second input end is grounded, and the first output end is connected to the second input energy storage capacitor C hi One end of the second output end is connected to the second input energy storage capacitor C hi The other end of the first bias resistor R f One end is connected to the first output end of the second full-wave rectifier bridge UR2, and the first bias resistor R f The other end is connected to the cathode of the first voltage stabilizing diode VZ1, the anode of the first voltage stabilizing diode VZ1 is connected to the second output end of the second full-wave rectifier bridge UR2; the cathode of the first voltage stabilizing diode VZ1 is also connected to the base of the first transistor VT1, the collector of the first transistor VT1 is connected to the first output end of the second full-wave rectifier bridge UR2, and the emitter of the first transistor VT1 serves as the first output V cc ; The first filter capacitor C ho One end is connected to the emitter of the first transistor VT1, and the first filter capacitor C ho The other end is connected to the second output end of the second full-wave rectifier bridge UR2;

[0078] The first LDO voltage stabilizing circuit and the second LDO voltage stabilizing circuit have the same structure, except that the equipotential point and the earth reference point are exchanged; the second LDO voltage stabilizing circuit structure includes a third full-wave rectifier bridge UR3, a third input energy storage capacitor C hil , the second bias resistor R f1 , the second voltage stabilizing diode VZ2, the second transistor VT2 and the second filter capacitor C hol ;

[0079] The first input end of the third full-wave rectifier bridge UR3 is connected to the second energy extraction electrode 2, and the first output end is connected to the third input energy storage capacitor C hil One end of the second output end is connected to the third input energy storage capacitor C hil The other end of the second bias resistor R f1 One end is connected to the first output end of the third full-wave rectifier bridge UR3, and the second bias resistor R f1The other end is connected to the cathode of the second voltage stabilizing diode VZ2, the anode of the second voltage stabilizing diode VZ2 is connected to the second output end of the third full-wave rectifier bridge UR3; the cathode of the second voltage stabilizing diode VZ2 is also connected to the base of the second transistor VT2, the collector of the second transistor VT2 is connected to the first output end of the third full-wave rectifier bridge UR3, and the emitter of the second transistor VT2 serves as the second output V ccl ; The second filter capacitor C hol One end is connected to the emitter of the second transistor VT2, and the second filter capacitor C hol The other end is connected to the second output end of the third full-wave rectifier bridge UR3;

[0080] Among them, the second output end of the second full-wave rectifier bridge UR2 and the second input end of the third full-wave rectifier bridge UR3 are equipotential points.

[0081] In the above technical solution, the second energy extraction electrode 2 is closely attached to the surface of the insulated wire 4, and the second energy extraction electrode 2 and the conductor part of the insulated wire 4 induce a parasitic capacitance C 2i , connected to two LDO voltage stabilization circuits through a full-wave rectifier bridge. The circuit structure is the same, the difference is that the equipotential point and the earth reference point are exchanged.

[0082] For example, the input end of the first LDO voltage regulator circuit is rectified by a rectifier bridge and then applied to the energy storage capacitor (the second input energy storage capacitor C hil ) is charged through the first bias resistor R f (k ohm level) allows the first voltage stabilizing diode VZ1 to reversely break down, so that it outputs a stable voltage, minus the be-pole (base and emitter) conduction voltage drop of the first transistor VT1, and then passes through the first filter capacitor C ho After filtering, the output voltage can be stabilized to drive the comparator / op amp to work. The working process of the second LDO voltage stabilizing circuit is similar to that of the first LDO voltage stabilizing circuit.

[0083] Among them, the stable voltage at the output end of the first LDO voltage regulator circuit (the first output V cc ) is used to provide power for the comparator A of the driving circuit in the energy-taking circuit, that is, the stable voltage at the output end of the first LDO voltage regulator circuit (the first output V cc ) Connect the V cc ; The stable voltage at the output end of the second LDO voltage regulator circuit (the second output V ccl ) is used to provide power for the measurement circuit, that is, the stable voltage at the output end of the second LDO voltage regulator circuit (the second output V ccl ) Connect the V ccl .

[0084] In this embodiment, the first energy extraction electrode 1 is connected to the energy extraction circuit, which includes a first full-wave rectifier bridge UR1, a first input energy storage capacitor Ci , the first largest resistor R F1 , the second largest resistor R F2 , drive circuit and switch device Q, first output energy storage capacitor C o and the equivalent load resistance R L ;

[0085] The first input end of the first full-wave rectifier bridge UR1 is connected to the first energy extraction electrode 1, the second input end is grounded, and the first output end is connected to the first input energy storage capacitor C i One end of the second output end is connected to the first input energy storage capacitor C i The other end of

[0086] The first large resistor R F1 and the second largest resistor R F2 After connecting in series with the first input energy storage capacitor C i In parallel, the first largest resistor R F1 and the second largest resistor R F2 The common end is connected to the drive circuit, the drive circuit is connected to the equipotential end, the output end is connected to the switch device Q, and the first output energy storage capacitor C o In parallel with the branch consisting of the drive circuit and the switch device Q, the equivalent load resistance R L Connected in parallel to the first output energy storage capacitor C o superior;

[0087] The first large resistor R F1 and the second largest resistor R F2 The voltage signal V of the series voltage divider ii Connect to the drive circuit, the output voltage signal of the drive circuit is V oo Control the switch device Q to turn on and off, and the first output energy storage capacitor C o Output energy to the equivalent load resistance R L superior;

[0088] The switching device Q adopts an NPN insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT or a MOS tube.

[0089] In the above technical solution, the first energy extraction electrode 1 is closely attached to the surface of the insulated wire 4, and the first energy extraction electrode 1 and the conductor part of the insulated wire 4 induce a parasitic capacitance C 1i , and then connected to the switching device Q through the full-wave rectifier bridge, the first input energy storage capacitor C at the input end i With two large resistors in series R F1 , R F2 In parallel, its resistance is G ohm level, the voltage signal V ii Connect to the drive circuit, the drive circuit outputs a voltage signal V oo To control the switch device (NPN IGBT or MOS tube) to turn on and off, and finally through the output end of the first output energy storage capacitor Co (Supercapacitor) outputs energy to the equivalent load resistor R L On, the drive circuit is as Figure 4 shown.

[0090] like Figure 4 As shown, the driving circuit includes a resistor R c1 , resistor R c2 , resistor R c3 , resistor R c4 and comparator A;

[0091] Resistor R c1 One end of the resistor R is connected to the inverting input of comparator A. c2 One end of the resistor R c1 The common terminal with the inverting input terminal of comparator A, resistor R c2 The other end is connected to the positive power supply terminal of comparator A, and the positive power supply terminal of comparator A is connected to the first output V cc ; The positive input of comparator A is connected through resistor R c4 Connect the first large resistor R F1 and the second largest resistor R F2 The voltage signal V of the series voltage divider ii ; Resistance R c3 One end of the resistor R is connected to the positive input of comparator A. c3 The other end is connected to the output end of comparator A;

[0092] Figure 3 and Figure 4 The triangle symbol in Refers to the equipotential point, the negative power supply terminal of comparator A, the resistor R c1 The other end of is an equipotential point with the second output end of the first full-wave rectifier bridge UR1.

[0093] Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that the driving circuit uses the equipotential point as the reference voltage (not the ground as the reference voltage), and the input voltage signal V ii By R c4 Connect to the non-inverting terminal of comparator A, through the feedback resistor R c3 Connect to the output terminal (output signal V oo );V cc Provided by the LDO voltage regulator circuit, the voltage signal at the inverting input terminal can be expressed as

[0094]

[0095] Input voltage signal V ii Then the input energy storage capacitor C i The voltage across the two ends is V ci The partial pressure is obtained, which is expressed as

[0096]

[0097] The comparator characteristics are:

[0098]

[0099] Its hysteresis characteristics can be obtained:

[0100] The upper threshold voltage is:

[0101]

[0102] The lower threshold voltage is:

[0103]

[0104] Among them, V OL The comparator output is low level, V OH is high level, the hysteresis characteristic is as follows Figure 5 shown.

[0105] It can be seen that the control process of the energy-taking circuit is as follows: in the initial state, the positive input voltage of comparator A is small and smaller than the negative input voltage, and the output voltage V oo is low level, the switch device is in the open position; when the energy-taking circuit is started, the first input energy storage capacitor C i Charging, input voltage V ci (The first input energy storage capacitor C i The voltage across both ends) gradually increases. When V ci Rising to V T+ (V T+ The regulation is determined by formula (4), when the voltage at the positive input terminal of the driving circuit is equal to and will be greater than the reverse voltage V R (V R is the voltage divided by two resistors of Vcc, which is a fixed value). At this time, Voo outputs a high level and the switch is turned on. After the switch is turned on, V ci Rapidly decreases, the output voltage Vo rises rapidly, when V ci Down to V T- (V T- After the adjustment is determined by formula (5), the voltage at the positive input terminal of the driving circuit is equal to and will be less than the reverse voltage V R , Voo outputs low level, the switch is turned off, and after turning off V ci Continue charging, the voltage gradually rises, the output voltage Vo gradually decreases, and the next cycle continues. ci and the output voltage Vo (i.e. the output equivalent resistance R L The voltage across the two ends is V o) are sawtooth waveforms with upper and lower thresholds.

[0106] The present invention further controls the input voltage and output voltage V of the energy-harvesting circuit by adjusting the component parameters. o :

[0107] As analyzed above, the first energy extraction electrode 1 will induce a parasitic capacitance C with the conductor part of the insulated wire. 1i , because the electrode is a regular cylindrical shape, the radius of the insulated wire conductor is r n , the wire radius is r m , the length of the first energy extraction electrode 1 is L, and the dielectric constant of its insulating medium is ε, then

[0108]

[0109] Parasitic capacitance C 1i The value is relatively small, at the pF level, and can be regarded as the entire voltage of the wire falling on the parasitic capacitor, which is approximately a constant current source input. After the rectifier bridge, the input current I can be expressed as:

[0110]

[0111] Where, ω is the angular frequency (ω=2πf, f=50hz), U s is the phase voltage of the transmission line. The phase voltage of the transmission line with a voltage level of 10kV is

[0112] For switch closure, V ci The discharge drops rapidly, V o The time period Δt when charging rises rapidly is discussed: Δt is very short, and by establishing a non-secondary differential equation, it can be deduced:

[0113] Theoretically, V ci When discharging:

[0114]

[0115] V o When charging:

[0116]

[0117] Let t = 0, The theoretical upper and lower limits of the output voltage can be obtained, so the output voltage range can be further controlled by adjusting the parameters of related components.

[0118] In this embodiment, the measuring circuit includes a resistor R1, a resistor R2, and a capacitor C v , capacitor C g and operational amplifier OP,

[0119] One end of the resistor R1 is grounded, and the other end is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP. One end of the resistor R2 is connected to the common end of the resistor R1 and the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP, and the other end is connected to the output terminal V of the operational amplifier OP. co ; Capacitor C v The positive input terminal of the operational amplifier OP is connected in parallel to the resistor R2, and the voltage measuring electrode 3 is connected to the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier OP. The positive input terminal of the operational amplifier OP is also connected to the voltage measuring electrode 3 through the capacitor C g Ground; the positive power supply terminal of the operational amplifier OP is connected to the second output V of the voltage regulator circuit ccl , the negative power supply terminal of the operational amplifier OP is grounded.

[0120] In the above technical solution, the voltage measuring electrode 3 is closely attached to the surface of the insulated wire 4. Similarly, the voltage measuring electrode 3 and the conductor part of the insulated wire 4 induce a parasitic capacitance C 3i , can be obtained by formula (6). Line phase voltage U s C 3i With C g The voltage division gets the positive voltage input signal of the op amp. The power supply of the op amp is V cc1 Provide, C v is a filter capacitor with a value of several pF. v The inverting input signal of the op amp is obtained by voltage division by R1 and R2, and the final voltage sampling signal V co It can be expressed as:

[0121]

[0122] From this formula, we can see that V co Same as U s The voltage measurement circuit can provide a stable fixed-ratio voltage sampling signal.

[0123] As a further implementation, the connecting wires between each electrode (first energy extraction electrode 1, second energy extraction electrode 2, voltage measurement electrode 3) and the corresponding circuit of the back-end device are connected to the ground through lightning arresters to improve safety.

[0124] The adjustable energy collection and voltage measurement device based on electric field induction of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the existing technology: (1) the output voltage can be further controlled by controlling the component parameters, and a high-efficiency energy collection circuit is provided. (2) the voltage collection and energy collection functions are integrated, and the energy collection efficiency is high, and the operation reliability is high. (3) no external DC power supply is required, and the power supply is self-collected.

[0125] Example 2

[0126] like Figure 6As shown, the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that this embodiment further provides an adjustable energy extraction and voltage measurement method based on electric field induction, which is based on the adjustable energy extraction and voltage measurement device based on electric field induction in embodiment 1; the method includes:

[0127] The second energy extraction electrode 2 is closely attached to the surface of the insulated wire 4, and the second energy extraction electrode 2 and the conductor part of the insulated wire 4 induce a second parasitic capacitance C 2i , connected to two LDO voltage stabilizing circuits through the second full-wave rectifier bridge UR2 and the third full-wave rectifier bridge UR3 respectively, and the output stable voltage is controlled by adjusting the component parameters in the voltage stabilizing circuit;

[0128] The voltage measuring electrode 3 is placed close to the surface of the insulated wire 4, and the voltage measuring electrode 3 and the conductor part of the insulated wire 4 induce a third parasitic capacitance C 3i , providing a stable and fixed-ratio following voltage sampling signal through the measuring circuit;

[0129] The first energy extraction electrode 1 is placed close to the surface of the insulated wire 4, and the first energy extraction electrode 1 and the conductor part of the insulated wire 4 induce a first parasitic capacitance C 1i , connected to the switching device Q through the first full-wave rectifier bridge UR1 of the energy extraction circuit, and the output voltage range is controlled by adjusting the component parameters in the energy extraction circuit.

[0130] As a further implementation, the control process of the energy-taking circuit is:

[0131] In the initial state, the positive input voltage of comparator A is small and smaller than the negative input voltage, and the output voltage of the drive circuit is V oo Output low level, switch device Q is in the split position;

[0132] After the energy-taking circuit is started, the first input energy storage capacitor C i Charging, input voltage V ci When the input voltage V ci Rising to the upper threshold voltage V T+ When the positive input voltage of the driving circuit is equal to and will be greater than the negative input voltage V R , at this time, V oo Output high level, switch device Q is turned on;

[0133] After the input voltage V ci Rapidly decreases, the output voltage V o When the input voltage V ci Drops to the lower threshold voltage V T- After that, the positive input voltage of the driving circuit is equal to and will be less than the negative input voltage V R , V oo Output low level, switch device Q is turned off;

[0134] After the switch device Q is turned off, the input voltage V ci Continue charging, input voltage V ci Rising, output voltage V o Decrease, and continue the next cycle until the input voltage V ci and output voltage V o Both are sawtooth waveforms with upper and lower thresholds.

[0135] As a further implementation, the upper threshold voltage V T+ The adjustment is determined by the following formula:

[0136] Lower threshold voltage V T- The adjustment is determined by the following formula:

[0137] in, V R The first output V of the voltage regulator circuit cc The voltage divided by two resistors is a fixed value; V OL The output of comparator A is low level, V OH The output of comparator A is high.

[0138] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented in one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that include computer-usable program code.

[0139] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0140] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0141] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0142] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific implementation method of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adjustable energy extraction and voltage measurement device based on electric field induction, characterized in that: The device includes: A front-end device, comprising a first energy extraction electrode (1), a second energy extraction electrode (2) and a voltage measurement electrode (3) arranged on the surface of an insulated wire (4), and used to be connected to a corresponding circuit of a back-end device through corresponding electrodes, wherein the first energy extraction electrode (1) is connected to the energy extraction circuit, the second energy extraction electrode (2) is connected to the voltage stabilization circuit, and the voltage measurement electrode (3) is connected to the measurement circuit; The back-end device includes an energy extraction circuit, a voltage stabilization circuit and a measurement circuit, which is used to control the output stable voltage by adjusting the component parameters in the voltage stabilization circuit for use by the energy extraction circuit and the measurement circuit; the output voltage range is controlled by adjusting the component parameters in the energy extraction circuit, and a stable and fixed-ratio following voltage sampling signal is provided through the measurement circuit.

2. The adjustable energy extraction and voltage measurement device based on electric field induction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first energy extraction electrode (1), the second energy extraction electrode (2) and the voltage measurement electrode (3) are all cylindrical hollow structures and are sleeved on the surface of the insulating wire (4).

3. The adjustable energy extraction and voltage measurement device based on electric field induction according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The first energy extraction electrode (1) is a large energy extraction electrode with a height of 10 to 20 centimeters; The second energy extraction electrode (2) is a small energy extraction electrode with a height of 2 to 5 centimeters; The voltage measuring electrode (3) has a height of 2 to 10 centimeters; The interval between adjacent electrodes among the first energy extraction electrode (1), the second energy extraction electrode (2) and the voltage measurement electrode (3) is more than 1 centimeter.

4. The adjustable energy extraction and voltage measurement device based on electric field induction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The front-end device also includes a rotary bearing structure (5), and the rotary bearing structure (5) is used for installing and disassembling the front-end device.

5. The adjustable energy extraction and voltage measurement device based on electric field induction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The energy taking circuit includes a first full-wave rectifier bridge UR1, a first input energy storage capacitor C i , the first largest resistor R F1 , the second largest resistor R F2 , drive circuit and switch device Q, first output energy storage capacitor C o and the equivalent load resistance R L ; The first input end of the first full-wave rectifier bridge UR1 is connected to the first energy extraction electrode (1), the second input end is grounded, and the first output end is connected to the first input energy storage capacitor C i One end of the second output end is connected to the first input energy storage capacitor C i The other end of The first largest resistor R F1 and the second largest resistor R F2 After connecting in series with the first input energy storage capacitor C i In parallel, the first largest resistor R F1 and the second largest resistor R F2 The common end is connected to the drive circuit, the drive circuit is connected to the equipotential end, the output end is connected to the switch device Q, and the first output energy storage capacitor C o In parallel with the branch consisting of the drive circuit and the switch device Q, the equivalent load resistance R L Connected in parallel to the first output energy storage capacitor C o superior; The first largest resistor R F1 and the second largest resistor R F2 The voltage signal V of the series voltage divider ii Connect to the drive circuit, the output voltage signal V oo Control the switch device Q to turn on and off, and the first output energy storage capacitor C o Output energy to the equivalent load resistance R L superior.

6. The adjustable energy extraction and voltage measurement device based on electric field induction according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The driving circuit includes a resistor R c1 , resistor R c2 , resistor R c3 , resistor R c4 and comparator A; Resistor R c1 One end of the resistor R is connected to the inverting input of comparator A. c2 Connect one end of the resistor R c1 The common terminal with the inverting input terminal of comparator A, resistor R c2 The other end is connected to the positive power supply terminal of comparator A, and the positive power supply terminal of comparator A is connected to the first output V of the voltage stabilizing circuit cc ; The positive input of comparator A is connected through resistor R c4 Connect the first large resistor R F1 and the second largest resistor R F2 The voltage signal V of the series voltage divider ii ; Resistance R c3 One end of the resistor R is connected to the positive input of comparator A. c3 The other end is connected to the output end of comparator A; The negative power supply terminal of the comparator A, the resistor R c1 The other end of is an equipotential point with the second output end of the first full-wave rectifier bridge UR1.

7. The adjustable energy extraction and voltage measurement device based on electric field induction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The voltage stabilizing circuit includes a first LDO voltage stabilizing circuit and a second LDO voltage stabilizing circuit; The first LDO voltage stabilizing circuit includes a second full-wave rectifier bridge UR2, a second input energy storage capacitor C hi , the first bias resistor R f , the first voltage stabilizing diode VZ1, the first transistor VT1 and the first filter capacitor C ho ; The first input end of the second full-wave rectifier bridge UR2 is connected to the second energy extraction electrode (2), the second input end is grounded, and the first output end is connected to the second input energy storage capacitor C hi One end of the second output end is connected to the second input energy storage capacitor C hi The other end of the first bias resistor R f One end is connected to the first output end of the second full-wave rectifier bridge UR2, and the first bias resistor R f The other end is connected to the cathode of the first voltage stabilizing diode VZ1, the anode of the first voltage stabilizing diode VZ1 is connected to the second output end of the second full-wave rectifier bridge UR2; the cathode of the first voltage stabilizing diode VZ1 is also connected to the base of the first transistor VT1, the collector of the first transistor VT1 is connected to the first output end of the second full-wave rectifier bridge UR2, and the emitter of the first transistor VT1 serves as the first output V cc ; The first filter capacitor C ho One end is connected to the emitter of the first transistor VT1, and the first filter capacitor C ho The other end is connected to the second output end of the second full-wave rectifier bridge UR2; The second LDO voltage stabilizing circuit structure includes a third full-wave rectifier bridge UR3, a third input energy storage capacitor C hil , the second bias resistor R f1 , the second voltage stabilizing diode VZ2, the second transistor VT2 and the second filter capacitor C hol ; The first input end of the third full-wave rectifier bridge UR3 is connected to the second energy extraction electrode (2), and the first output end is connected to the third input energy storage capacitor C hil One end of the second output end is connected to the third input energy storage capacitor C hil The other end of the second bias resistor R f1 One end is connected to the first output end of the third full-wave rectifier bridge UR3, and the second bias resistor R f1 The other end is connected to the cathode of the second voltage stabilizing diode VZ2, the anode of the second voltage stabilizing diode VZ2 is connected to the second output end of the third full-wave rectifier bridge UR3; the cathode of the second voltage stabilizing diode VZ2 is also connected to the base of the second transistor VT2, the collector of the second transistor VT2 is connected to the first output end of the third full-wave rectifier bridge UR3, and the emitter of the second transistor VT2 serves as the second output V ccl ; The second filter capacitor C hol One end is connected to the emitter of the second transistor VT2, and the second filter capacitor C hol The other end is connected to the second output end of the third full-wave rectifier bridge UR3; Among them, the second output end of the second full-wave rectifier bridge UR2 and the second input end of the third full-wave rectifier bridge UR3 are equipotential points.

8. The adjustable energy extraction and voltage measurement device based on electric field induction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The measuring circuit includes a resistor R1, a resistor R2, and a capacitor C v , capacitor C g and operational amplifier OP, One end of the resistor R1 is grounded, and the other end is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP; one end of the resistor R2 is connected to the common end of the resistor R1 and the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP, and the other end is connected to the output terminal V of the operational amplifier OP. co ; Capacitor C v The positive input terminal of the operational amplifier OP is connected in parallel to the resistor R2, and the voltage measuring electrode (3) is connected to the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier OP. The positive input terminal of the operational amplifier OP is also connected to the voltage measuring electrode (3) through the capacitor C g Ground; the positive power supply terminal of the operational amplifier OP is connected to the second output V of the voltage regulator circuit ccl , the negative power supply terminal of the operational amplifier OP is grounded.

9. An adjustable energy extraction and voltage measurement method based on electric field induction, characterized in that: The method is based on the adjustable energy extraction and voltage measurement device based on electric field induction as described in any one of claims 1 to 8; the method comprises: The second energy extraction electrode (2) is closely attached to the surface of the insulating wire (4), and the second energy extraction electrode (2) and the conductor part of the insulating wire (4) induce a second parasitic capacitance C 2i , connected to two LDO voltage stabilizing circuits through the second full-wave rectifier bridge UR2 and the third full-wave rectifier bridge UR3 respectively, and the output stable voltage is controlled by adjusting the component parameters in the voltage stabilizing circuit; The voltage measuring electrode (3) is placed in close contact with the surface of the insulating wire (4), and a third parasitic capacitance C is induced between the voltage measuring electrode (3) and the conductor part of the insulating wire (4). 3i , providing a stable and fixed-ratio following voltage sampling signal through the measuring circuit; The first energy extraction electrode (1) is closely attached to the surface of the insulating wire (4), and the first energy extraction electrode (1) and the conductor part of the insulating wire (4) induce a first parasitic capacitance C 1i , connected to the switching device Q through the first full-wave rectifier bridge UR1 of the energy extraction circuit, and the output voltage range is controlled by adjusting the component parameters in the energy extraction circuit.

10. The adjustable energy extraction and voltage measurement method based on electric field induction according to claim 9, characterized in that: The control process of the energy-taking circuit is: In the initial state, the positive input voltage of comparator A is small and smaller than the negative input voltage, and the output voltage of the drive circuit is V oo Output low level, switch device Q is in the split position; After the energy-taking circuit is started, the first input energy storage capacitor C i Charging, input voltage V ci When the input voltage V ci Rising to the upper threshold voltage V T+ When the positive input voltage of the driving circuit is equal to and will be greater than the negative input voltage V R , at this time, V oo Output high level, switch device Q is turned on; After conduction, input voltage V ci Rapidly decreases, the output voltage V o When the input voltage V ci Drops to the lower threshold voltage V T- After that, the positive input voltage of the driving circuit is equal to and will be less than the negative input voltage V R , V oo Output low level, switch device Q is turned off; After the switch device Q is turned off, the input voltage V ci Continue charging, input voltage V ci Rising, output voltage V o Decrease, and continue the next cycle until the input voltage V ci and output voltage V o Both are sawtooth waveforms with upper and lower thresholds.

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