Metasurface, antenna module and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a metasurface, an antenna module and electronic equipment, and belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and the metasurface comprises a first substrate, a second substrate and an adjustable dielectric layer located between the first substrate and the second substrate; the first substrate comprises a first dielectric substrate and a first electrode layer arranged on one side, close to the adjustable dielectric layer, of the first dielectric substrate; the second substrate comprises a second dielectric substrate and a second electrode layer arranged on one side, close to the adjustable dielectric layer, of the second dielectric substrate; the first electrode layer comprises a plurality of first electrode strips arranged side by side in the first direction. The second electrode layer comprises a plurality of second electrode strips arranged side by side in the second direction. The first electrode strips and the second electrode strips are arranged in a crossed manner to define a plurality of resonance units; the metasurface further comprises a filling structure, and the orthographic projection of the filling structure on the first dielectric substrate is located between the orthographic projections of the adjacent first electrode strips on the first dielectric substrate.

Description

Metasurface, antenna module and electronic device Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure belongs to the field of wireless communication technology, and particularly relates to a metasurface, an antenna module, and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of mobile communications and the increasing complexity of communication environments, digital metasurfaces and reconfigurable metasurfaces have attracted increasing attention in the field of wireless communication technology. In recent years, intelligent reconfigurable metasurface technologies with market application value have been developed. One reconfigurable metasurface based on a simplified drive circuit consists of an array of multiple resonant units connected in series. This metasurface is similar to the passive matrix drive structure used in early liquid crystal displays, known as a crossbar structure. However, due to the limitations of the electrode strip layout in the metal grid, traditional crossbar structures often suffer from high insertion loss (S21), which does not meet the requirements of the increasingly high-gain antennas.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present disclosure aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art and provide a metasurface, an antenna module and an electronic device.

[0005] In a first aspect, the technical solution adopted to solve the technical problem of the present disclosure is a metasurface, comprising a first substrate and a second substrate, and an adjustable dielectric layer located between the first substrate and the second substrate;

[0006] The first substrate includes a first dielectric substrate and a first electrode layer provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate close to the adjustable dielectric layer; the second substrate includes a second dielectric substrate and a second electrode layer provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate close to the adjustable dielectric layer;

[0007] The first electrode layer includes a plurality of first electrode strips arranged side by side along a first direction; the second electrode layer includes a plurality of second electrode strips arranged side by side along a second direction; the first electrode strips and the second electrode strips are arranged crosswise to define a plurality of resonant units;

[0008] The metasurface further includes a filling structure, and an orthographic projection of the filling structure on the first dielectric substrate is located between orthographic projections of adjacent first electrode strips on the first dielectric substrate.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first electrode layer includes a filling structure disposed between adjacent first electrode strips.

[0010] In some embodiments, the filling structure includes a first filling strip and a second filling strip arranged side by side along the first direction; a first gap is formed between the first filling strip and the second filling strip;

[0011] With respect to the adjacently arranged first electrode strips and the filling structure sandwiched therebetween, one of the first electrode strips is connected to the first filling strip as an integral structure, and another of the first electrode strips is connected to the second filling strip as an integral structure.

[0012] In some embodiments, a width of the first gap in the first direction is smaller than a width of the first electrode strip in the first direction.

[0013] In some embodiments, a second gap is formed between the filling structure and at least one of the first electrode strips adjacent thereto.

[0014] In some embodiments, a width of the second gap in the first direction is smaller than a width of the first electrode strip in the first direction.

[0015] In some embodiments, the second electrode strip includes a plurality of electrode portions and a connecting portion connecting two adjacent electrode portions; the electrode portions overlap with the orthographic projections of the first electrode strip on the first dielectric substrate.

[0016] In some embodiments, a ratio of the widths of the electrode portion to the width of the connecting portion in the second direction is between 2.57 and 2.58.

[0017] In some embodiments, the resonance unit further includes a first opening formed on the first electrode strip and a second opening formed on the second electrode strip; orthographic projections of the first opening and the second opening on the first dielectric substrate intersect.

[0018] In some embodiments, a ratio of the width of the first opening to the width of the first electrode strip in the first direction is between 0.02 and 0.06; a ratio of the width of the first opening to the width of the resonance unit in the second direction is between 0.3 and 0.5.

[0019] In some embodiments, a ratio of the second opening to the width of the resonance unit in the first direction is between 0.05 and 0.85; a ratio of the second opening to the width of the resonance unit in the second direction is between 0.05 and 0.15.

[0020] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an antenna module, which includes at least one metasurface and an antenna as described in any one of the first aspects.

[0021] In some embodiments, the antenna module includes a plurality of the metasurfaces, and the antenna is disposed within an area defined by the plurality of the metasurfaces;

[0022] The second electrode layer is closer to the antenna than the first electrode layer.

[0023] In some embodiments, the antenna module includes two oppositely disposed metasurfaces, and the antenna is disposed between the oppositely disposed metasurfaces.

[0024] In some embodiments, the spacing between the antenna and the metasurface is between 0.45 and 0.55 radiation wavelengths.

[0025] In some embodiments, the antenna module includes two metasurfaces, and the extended surfaces of the two metasurfaces intersect;

[0026] The antenna is arranged in an area defined by the two metasurfaces.

[0027] In some embodiments, two dihedral angles formed by the extended surface of the antenna and the extended surfaces of the two metasurfaces are equal.

[0028] In some embodiments, the antenna is a dipole antenna.

[0029] In some embodiments, the antenna module includes a plurality of the metasurfaces, and the metasurfaces are sequentially connected to form a ring structure; the antenna is arranged in the ring structure formed by the plurality of the metasurfaces.

[0030] In some embodiments, the antenna is an omnidirectional antenna.

[0031] In some embodiments, the antenna module also includes a driving module, which is configured to load increasing bias voltages to the first electrode strips in sequence according to the arrangement order of the first electrode strips, so that the scanning range of the beam formed by the antenna module is offset between ±12° in the normal direction perpendicular to the metasurface.

[0032] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an electronic device comprising the antenna module as described in any one of the second aspects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1a is a schematic diagram of the crossbar structure of a traditional metasurface;

[0034] FIG1b is a schematic diagram of the transmittance (S21) curve and reflectance (S11) curve of the structure of FIG1a operating at different communication frequencies;

[0035] FIG1c is a schematic diagram of the transmittance (S21) curve and the reflectance (S11) curve of the structure of FIG1a operating at different communication frequencies;

[0036] FIG2a is a schematic diagram of a metasurface array provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0037] FIG2 b is a schematic diagram of the first electrode layer in FIG2 a ;

[0038] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of transmittance (S21) curves and reflectance (S11) curves of the structure of FIG2a operating at different communication frequencies;

[0039] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of transmittance (S21) curves and reflectance (S11) curves of the structure of FIG2a operating at different communication frequencies;

[0040] FIG5a is a schematic diagram of another metasurface array provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0041] FIG5 b is a schematic diagram of the first electrode layer in FIG5 a ;

[0042] FIG6 a is a schematic diagram of another metasurface array provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0043] FIG6 b is a schematic diagram of the first electrode layer in FIG6 a ;

[0044] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a second electrode layer provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] FIG8a is a schematic diagram of another metasurface provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0046] FIG8b is a schematic diagram of the first electrode layer in FIG8a;

[0047] FIG8c is a schematic diagram of the second electrode layer in FIG8a;

[0048] FIG9 is a cross-sectional view of the metasurface array in the AA cross-sectional direction in FIG2a;

[0049] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of an antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] FIG11 a is a top view of the front of a dipole antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0051] FIG11 b is a top view of the reverse side of the dipole antenna;

[0052] FIG12a is a radiation direction gain diagram of the structure of FIG10 operating in transmission mode;

[0053] FIG12 b is a schematic diagram of the radiation direction of the two metasurfaces in the structure of FIG10 , one of which works in the transmission mode and the other works in the reflection mode;

[0054] FIG12c is a radiation direction gain diagram of the two metasurfaces in the structure of FIG10 , one of which works in the transmission mode and the other works in the reflection mode;

[0055] 13a to 13c are schematic diagrams of another antenna module provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0056] 14a to 14d are schematic diagrams of another antenna module provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0057] FIG15a is a schematic diagram of another antenna module provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0058] FIG15 b is a radiation direction gain diagram of a multi-beam switching multi-beam provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0059] FIG15c is a radiation direction gain diagram of a multi-beam switching single beam provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0060] FIG15d is a radiation direction gain diagram of a single beam switching according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0061] FIG16 is a schematic diagram of a driven metasurface provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0062] FIG17 is a schematic diagram of beam scanning under the driving mode of FIG16;

[0063] FIG18 is a diagram of radiation direction gain under the driving mode of FIG16 .

[0064] The figures are marked as follows: X, first direction; Y, second direction; 101, first electrode layer; 102, second electrode layer; 1, first electrode strip; 2, second electrode strip; 3, resonant unit; 4, filling structure; 41, first filling strip; 42, second filling strip; 43, first gap; 44, second gap; 21, electrode part; 22, connecting part; 11, first opening; 23, second opening; 10, first dielectric substrate; 20, second dielectric substrate; 30, adjustable dielectric layer; 00, metasurface; 40, antenna; 401, third dielectric substrate; 402, radiating electrode; 403, reference electrode; 4031, third opening; 4032, fourth opening; 404, transmission line; 451, first reference sub-electrode; 452, second reference sub-electrode; 4041, first transmission part; 4042, second transmission part; 50, structural support; 60, absorbing structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present disclosure generally described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present disclosure provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure for which protection is sought, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present disclosure. Based on the embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0066] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure should have the usual meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which this disclosure belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, words such as "one", "an" or "the" do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the existence of at least one. Words such as "include" or "comprise" mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connect" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0067] In this disclosure, "multiple or several" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between associated objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0068] In related art, Figure 1a is a schematic diagram of a traditional metasurface crossbar structure. As shown in Figure 1a, the crossbar structure includes a gate structure of two metal layers, upper and lower, and a liquid crystal layer located between the two metal layers. The lower metal layer includes a plurality of first electrode strips 01 arranged side by side along a first direction X, and the upper metal layer includes a plurality of second electrode strips 02 arranged side by side along a second direction Y. A first gap is defined between two adjacent first electrode strips 01, and the width H1 of the first gap is greater than the width H2 of the first electrode strip 01. The first electrode strips 01 and the second electrode strips 02 are arranged crosswise to define a plurality of resonant units 03. The resonant units 03 also include first openings 011 formed on the first electrode strips 01 and second openings 021 formed on the second electrode strips 02. The orthographic projections of the first openings 011 and the second openings 021 intersect. The width of the first openings 011 in the first direction X is the same as the width of the second openings 021 in the second direction Y.

[0069] At this time, the liquid crystal dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer is ε‖=3.582 (tanδ=0.006), ε⊥=2.453 (tanδ=0.011), and when operating at 20 GHz, the transmittance (S21) and reflectance (S11) of the crossbar structure are measured, as shown in Figures 1b and 1c. Figure 1b is a schematic diagram of the transmittance (S21) curve and reflectance (S11) of the structure in Figure 1a operating at different communication frequencies. As shown in Figure 1b, when no voltage is applied to the crossbar structure, the transmittance (S21) at a frequency of 28.7 GHz is the highest, which is 47%; the reflectance (S11) at a frequency of 28.7 GHz is the lowest, which is 4%. Figure 1c shows the transmittance (S21) and reflectance (S11) curves of the structure in Figure 1a at different communication frequencies. As shown in Figure 1c, when a saturation voltage of 6V is applied to the crossbar structure, the transmittance (S21) is lowest at 25.7GHz, at 45%, while the reflectance (S11) is highest at 27GHz, at 80%. This indicates that the crossbar structure in Figure 1a has poor transmission and reflection performance, failing to achieve the requirements of a high-gain antenna.

[0070] In light of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a metasurface that, by adding a filling structure, increases the outermost radiation area of ​​a conventional metasurface in the millimeter-wave radiation direction. This reduces insertion loss (S21) in transmission mode, thereby improving millimeter-wave transmission performance; and improves millimeter-wave reflection performance in reflection mode. These improvements in transmission and reflection performance further enhance the radiation gain of the antenna module used in the metasurface.

[0071] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a metasurface comprising a first substrate, a second substrate, and an adjustable dielectric layer 30 disposed between the first and second substrates. The first substrate comprises a first dielectric substrate 10 and a first electrode layer 101 disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate 10 proximate to the adjustable dielectric layer 30; the second substrate comprises a second dielectric substrate 20 and a second electrode layer 102 disposed on a side of the second dielectric substrate 20 proximate to the adjustable dielectric layer 30; the first electrode layer 101 comprises a plurality of first electrode strips 1 arranged side by side along a first direction X; the second electrode layer 102 comprises a plurality of second electrode strips 2 arranged side by side along a second direction Y; the first electrode strips 1 and the second electrode strips 2 are arranged intersectingly to define a plurality of resonant units 3; and the metasurface further comprises a filling structure 4, the orthographic projection of the filling structure 4 on the first dielectric substrate 10 being located between the orthographic projections of adjacent first electrode strips 1 on the first dielectric substrate 10.

[0072] In the metasurface provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, the two first substrates and the second substrate can be arranged relative to each other, or the extended surfaces of the two can also intersect. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first substrate and the second substrate are arranged relative to each other as an example for description.

[0073] Exemplarily, the filling structure 4 may be disposed between the first electrode layer 101 and the second electrode layer 102 , but the orthographic projection of the filling structure 4 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is located between the orthographic projections of adjacent first electrode strips 1 on the first dielectric substrate 10 .

[0074] Exemplarily, the first electrode layer 101 includes a filling structure 4 arranged between adjacent first electrode strips 1 .

[0075] Each embodiment disclosed below is described by taking the example that the first electrode layer 101 includes the first electrode strips 1 and the filling structure 4 .

[0076] When the metasurface is applied to the antenna module, the first electrode layer 101 is farther away from the antenna 40 than the second electrode layer 102. In the transmission working mode, the millimeter waves radiated by the antenna 40 are transmitted through the second electrode layer 102 and the first electrode layer 101 in sequence. Here, due to the setting of the filling structure 4, compared with the prior art (there is a first gap between two adjacent first electrode strips 1, and the width of the first gap is greater than the width of the first electrode strip 1), this embodiment shortens the spacing between adjacent first electrode strips 1, thereby increasing the capacitance and improving the transmittance in the transmission working mode. In the reflection working mode, the millimeter waves radiated by the antenna 40 pass through the second electrode layer 102 and are reflected back via the first electrode layer 101. Here, due to the setting of the filling structure 4, compared with the prior art (there is a first gap between two adjacent first electrode strips 1, and the width of the first gap is greater than the width of the first electrode strip 1), the reflection area of ​​the first electrode layer 101 is increased, thereby improving the reflectivity.

[0077] In addition, the metasurface provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure is obtained based on the improvement of the crossbar structure. The use of a passive matrix drive structure (crossbar structure) to reconfigure the metasurface has two obvious advantages: first, it contains a large number of deep subwavelength units (i.e., resonance units 3), which makes it possible to flexibly implement reconfigurable devices of resonance units 3 within the corresponding frequency band. The size of the resonance unit 3 is extremely important for beam control. Different sizes can achieve diffraction of electromagnetic waves at different angles; at the same time, resonance units 3 of uneven sizes can also be used to cause enhanced scattering of electromagnetic waves in specific directions. Secondly, due to the use of passive matrix drive, the number of control lines required for this metasurface containing a large number of deep subwavelength unit structures is very small, saving a large number of control leads and control ports, which is conducive to the realization of larger-caliber devices and alleviating the problem of difficult lead arrangement under the premise of setting a large number of resonance units 3.

[0078] In some embodiments, FIG2a is a schematic diagram of a metasurface array provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG2b is a schematic diagram of the first electrode layer 101 in FIG2a . As shown in FIG2a and FIG2b , the first electrode layer 101 includes a filling structure 4 disposed between adjacent first electrode strips 1. The filling structure 4 includes first filling strips 41 and second filling strips 42 disposed side by side along a first direction X; a first gap 43 is defined between the first filling strips 41 and the second filling strips 42; with respect to adjacent first electrode strips 1 and the filling structure 4 sandwiched therebetween, one first electrode strip 1 is connected to the first filling strip 41 as an integral structure, and the other first electrode strip 1 is connected to the second filling strip 42 as an integral structure.

[0079] Based on Figure 1, this embodiment expands the width of each first electrode strip 1 along the first direction X, and finally forms the first electrode strips 1 and the first filling strips 41 connected as an integrated structure arranged side by side along the first direction X, thereby increasing the entire layer coverage area of ​​the layer where the first electrode layer 101 is located in the metasurface, and simultaneously improving the transmittance and reflectivity during the operation of the metasurface.

[0080] Furthermore, as shown in FIG2b , the width Px1 of the first gap 43 in the first direction X is less than the width Px2 of the first electrode strip 1 + the first filling strip 41 in the first direction X. Here, by adding the filling structure 4, the first gap 43 can be set as narrow as possible to improve the transmittance and reflectivity. Exemplarily, the size of the first gap 43 in the first direction X ranges from 0 to 0.1 mm (excluding 0). For example, if the process preparation conditions permit, the size of the first gap 43 in the first direction X ranges from 20 μm to 50 μm.

[0081] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the transmittance (S21) curve and reflectance (S11) of the structure of Figure 2a operating at different communication frequencies. As shown in Figure 3, when no voltage is applied to the metasurface, the transmittance (S21) at 25.8 GHz is the highest, at 87%, and the reflectance (S11) is the lowest, close to 0, at which point the metasurface can operate in transmission mode. Compared with the results indicated in Figure 1b, it can be seen that the present embodiment improves the transmission performance of the metasurface by adding the filling structure 4, thereby improving the radiation gain of the antenna module used by the metasurface.

[0082] Figure 4 shows the transmittance (S21) and reflectance (S11) curves of the structure in Figure 2a operating at different communication frequencies. As shown in Figure 4, when a saturation voltage of 6V is applied to the metasurface, the highest reflectance (S11) is 91% at 25.8GHz, indicating that the metasurface operates in reflection mode. Comparing this with the results in Figure 1c, it can be seen that the addition of the filling structure 4 in this embodiment improves the reflective performance of the metasurface, thereby increasing the dual-beam and multi-beam radiation gain of the antenna module used in the metasurface.

[0083] Of course, in addition to the metasurface array structure shown in Figure 2a, any design that can ensure both high transmission efficiency in a specific frequency band and high reflectivity in adjacent frequency bands is acceptable. For example, in Figure 5a, the position of the transmission slit (i.e., first gap 43) in the crossbar structure can be varied, and the resulting structure still produces ideal transmission and reflection curves. Therefore, the design structure in Figure 5a can also be used to implement the construction of a multi-beam switching scanning system.

[0084] In some embodiments, Figure 5a is a schematic diagram of another metasurface array provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, and Figure 5b is a schematic diagram of the first electrode layer in Figure 5a; Figure 6a is a schematic diagram of another metasurface array provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, and Figure 6b is a schematic diagram of the first electrode layer in Figure 6a; as shown in Figures 5a, 5b, 6a and 6b, there is a second gap 44 between the filling structure 4 and at least one first electrode strip 1 adjacent thereto.

[0085] Exemplarily, as shown in FIG. 5 a and FIG. 5 b , a second gap 44 is provided between the filling structure 4 and one adjacent first electrode strip 1 , and the filling structure 4 is connected to another adjacent first electrode strip 1 to form an integral structure.

[0086] Exemplarily, as shown in FIG. 6 a and FIG. 6 b , there is a second gap 44 between the filling structure 4 and two adjacent first electrode strips 1 .

[0087] Furthermore, as shown in FIG5b or FIG6b, the width of the second gap 44 in the first direction XPx3 is less than the width Px4 of the first electrode strip 1 in the first direction X. Here, by adding the filling structure 4, the first gap 43 can be set as narrow as possible to improve the transmittance and reflectivity. Exemplarily, the size of the first gap 43 in the first direction X ranges from 0 to 0.1 mm (excluding 0). For example, if the process preparation conditions permit, the size of the first gap 43 in the first direction X ranges from 20 μm to 50 μm.

[0088] In some embodiments, FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a second electrode layer provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG7 , the second electrode strip 2 includes a plurality of electrode portions 21 and a connecting portion 22 connecting two adjacent electrode portions 21 ; the electrode portion 21 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first electrode strip 1 on the first dielectric substrate 10 .

[0089] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 7, the width wt2 of the electrode portion 21 in the second direction Y is greater than the width wt1 of the connecting portion 22 in the second direction Y. Preferably, the ratio of the widths of the electrode portion 21 and the connecting portion 22 in the second direction Y is between 2.57 and 2.58. Exemplarily, the width wt2 of the electrode portion 21 in the second direction Y is 0.49 mm; the width wt1 of the connecting portion 22 in the second direction Y is 0.19 mm. Compared with the existing structure shown in Figure 1a, this embodiment reduces the width wt1 of the connecting portion 22 in the second direction Y and increases the width wt2 of the electrode portion 21 in the second direction Y, thereby improving the transmittance and further enhancing the radiation gain of the antenna module applied to the metasurface.

[0090] In some embodiments, Figure 8a is a schematic diagram of another metasurface provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 8b is a schematic diagram of the first electrode layer in Figure 8a, and Figure 8c is a schematic diagram of the second electrode layer in Figure 8a. As shown in Figures 8a, 8b and 8c, the resonant unit 3 further includes a first opening 11 formed on the first electrode strip 1 and a second opening 23 formed on the second electrode strip 2; the orthographic projections of the first opening 11 and the second opening 23 on the first dielectric substrate 10 intersect.

[0091] Furthermore, as shown in FIG8a and FIG8b, the ratio of the width of the first opening 11 to the first electrode strip 1 in the first direction X is between 0.02 and 0.06; the ratio of the width of the first opening 11 to the resonance unit 3 in the second direction Y is between 0.3 and 0.5.

[0092] Exemplarily, the width wbs of the first opening 11 in the first direction X is 0.05 mm, the width wb of the first electrode strip 1 in the first direction X is 1.1 mm, and wbs / wb=0.0455.

[0093] For example, the width Lbs of the first opening 11 in the second direction Y is 0.6 mm, and the width Lb of the resonant unit 3 in the second direction Y is 1.2 mm or 2.0 mm. When Lb = 1.2 mm, Lbs / Lb = 0.5; when Lb = 2.0 mm, Lbs / Lb = 0.3. The length and width of the first opening 11 can affect the resonant frequency of the electrode structure.

[0094] Furthermore, as shown in FIG8b and FIG8c, the ratio of the width of the second opening 23 to the resonance unit 3 in the first direction X is between 0.05 and 0.85; the ratio of the width of the second opening 23 to the electrode portion 21 in the second direction Y is between 0.05 and 0.15.

[0095] Exemplarily, the width Lts of the second opening 23 in the first direction X is 0.6 mm, the width Lt of the resonance unit 3 in the first direction X is 1.2 mm, and Lts / Lt=0.5.

[0096] For example, the width wts of the second opening 23 in the second direction Y is 0.05 mm, the width wt2 of the electrode portion 21 in the second direction Y is 0.49 mm, and wts / wt2 = 0.102. The length and width of the second opening 23 may affect the resonant frequency of the electrode structure.

[0097] In some embodiments, Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the metasurface array in the AA cross-sectional direction in Figure 2a. As shown in Figure 9, the metasurface includes a first substrate and a second substrate arranged opposite to each other, and an adjustable dielectric layer 30 located between the first substrate and the second substrate; the first substrate includes a first dielectric substrate 10 and a first electrode layer 101 arranged on a side of the first dielectric substrate 10 close to the adjustable dielectric layer 30; the second substrate includes a second dielectric substrate 20 and a second electrode layer 102 arranged on a side of the second dielectric substrate 20 close to the adjustable dielectric layer 30; the first electrode layer 101 includes a plurality of first electrode strips 1 arranged side by side along a first direction X and a filling structure 4 arranged between adjacent first electrode strips 1.

[0098] For example, as shown in FIG9 , the adjustable dielectric layer 30 can be a liquid crystal layer, and the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer can be set between 8 μm and 10 μm. The liquid crystal layer provided in this embodiment has a relatively low thickness, which can reach a thickness of sub-9 μm. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer is one of the factors affecting the resonant frequency. The thinner the liquid crystal layer, the more the resonant frequency shifts to the lower frequency band. At the same time, the thinner the liquid crystal layer, the lower the required driving voltage, and the liquid crystal layer response time is also relatively faster.

[0099] Exemplarily, the thickness of the first electrode layer 101 is h, which can range from 2 μm to 5 μm. The spacing between the first electrode layer 101 and the second electrode layer 102 is d-2h. The thickness of the first electrode strips 1 and the filling structure 4 are equal, that is, the thickness of the first electrode layer 101 is h.

[0100] It should be noted that when using the crossbar structure to reconstruct the array, voltages can be applied to the first electrode strip 1 on the first electrode layer 101 and the second electrode strip 2 on the second electrode layer 102 respectively. The voltage difference between the upper and lower electrodes can cause the liquid crystal molecules sandwiched in the overlapping area of ​​the upper and lower electrodes to deflect, changing the capacitance between the upper and lower electrodes, thereby regulating the amplitude and phase of the transmitted electromagnetic wave.

[0101] As an example, the metasurface fabrication process specifically involves forming a first substrate, including providing a first dielectric substrate 10. A first electrode layer 101 is formed on the first dielectric substrate 10. The material for the first electrode layer 101 can be a metal material such as silicon nitride (SiN), molybdenum (Mo), or copper (Cu). A first electrode strip 1 is formed through a patterning process, and a first alignment layer is formed on the side of the first electrode strip 1 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 10. Subsequently, support pads are formed at the first gap 43 (or second gap 44) to support the first and second substrates. The second substrate is formed through the same process as the first substrate, including providing a second dielectric substrate 20. A second electrode layer 102 is formed on the second dielectric substrate 20. The second electrode layer 102 can be made of a metal material such as silicon nitride (SiN), molybdenum (Mo), or copper (Cu). A second electrode strip 2 is formed through a patterning process, and a second alignment layer is formed on the side of the second electrode strip 2 facing away from the second dielectric substrate 20. The first and second substrates are then aligned, supported by the support pads, and sealed to form a sealed space. Afterwards, liquid crystal is poured into the sealed space to form a liquid crystal layer to obtain a metasurface. Compared with other phase-shifting structures, the embodiment of the present disclosure uses a metasurface to achieve beam adjustment, and the production process of the metasurface is simpler.

[0102] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an antenna module, which includes at least one metasurface 00 and an antenna 40 provided by any embodiment of the first aspect above.

[0103] Here, the antenna 40 may be a dipole antenna 40 or an omnidirectional antenna 40. The antenna 40 may be configured as required to ensure that the antenna module can achieve radiation modes such as multi-beam radiation, single-beam radiation, multi-beam switching to single beam, and single-beam switching to multi-beam.

[0104] In some embodiments, the antenna module includes multiple metasurfaces 00 , and the antenna 40 is disposed within an area defined by the multiple metasurfaces 00 ; the second electrode layer 102 is closer to the antenna 40 than the first electrode layer 101 .

[0105] When multiple metasurfaces 00 operate in transmission mode, multi-beam radiation is achieved. Because the antenna module provided in this embodiment uses the metasurface 00 provided in the first aspect, in transmission mode, it can reduce insertion loss (S21) and improve millimeter wave transmission performance, thereby increasing the gain of the antenna 40 of the antenna module's multi-beam.

[0106] One metasurface 00 operates in transmission mode, while the other metasurfaces 00 operate in reflection mode, achieving single-beam radiation. Because the antenna module provided in this embodiment utilizes the metasurface 00 provided in the first aspect, in reflection mode, the millimeter-wave reflection performance is improved, thereby increasing the gain of the antenna 40 in the single beam of the antenna module.

[0107] In one embodiment, FIG10 is a schematic diagram of an antenna module provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG10 , the antenna module includes two oppositely disposed metasurfaces 00, and the antenna 40 is disposed between the oppositely disposed metasurfaces 00. The second electrode layer 102 is closer to the antenna 40 than the first electrode layer 101.

[0108] With one of the two opposing metasurfaces 00 operating in transmission mode and the other in reflection mode, switching from multi-beam to single-beam is achieved. The two metasurfaces 00 are positioned opposite each other, and the one operating in reflection mode can completely reflect all beams to the other metasurface 00 for transmission. Leveraging the high transmittance and reflectivity of metasurface 00, the gain of the single-beam antenna 40 is ultimately increased.

[0109] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 10, the antenna module also includes a structural support 50, which is configured to fix the metasurface 00 and the antenna 40; an absorbing structure 60 is also provided between the antenna 40 and the metasurface 00, and the absorbing structure 60 is attached to the structural support 50 and is configured to absorb the reflected waves of the metasurface 00.

[0110] Furthermore, the projection outline of the wave absorbing structure 60 on the metasurface 00 is annular, and the wave absorbing structure 60 is connected to the edge of the metasurface 00 .

[0111] The antenna 40 provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure can be a dipole antenna 40. Figure 11a is a top view of the front side of the dipole antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, and Figure 11b is a top view of the back side of the dipole antenna. As shown in Figures 11a and 11b, the dipole antenna 40 illustratively includes, for example, a third dielectric substrate 401, a radiating electrode 402 disposed on one side of the third dielectric substrate 401, and a feeding structure, and a reference electrode 403 disposed on a side of the third dielectric substrate 401 facing away from the radiating electrode 402; the radiating electrode 402 is electrically connected to the feeding structure.

[0112] A third opening 4031 is provided on the reference electrode 403. The orthographic projection of the third opening 4031 on the third dielectric substrate 401 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the radiating electrode 402 on the third dielectric substrate 401. The radiated waves generated by the antenna 40 radiate along the direction away from the third dielectric substrate 401 along the radiating electrode 402. Simultaneously, the radiated waves generated by the antenna 40 can also radiate toward the third dielectric substrate 401 away from the radiating electrode 402 through the third opening 4031. When both opposing metasurfaces 00 operate in transmission mode, the radiated waves radiate from the two metasurfaces 00. When one of the two opposing metasurfaces 00 operates in transmission mode and the other operates in reflection mode, the metasurface 00 operating in reflection mode reflects the radiated waves and radiates them through the third opening 4031 to the other metasurface 00 for transmission, achieving switching from dual-beam to single-beam.

[0113] Exemplarily, two third openings 4031 are provided on the reference electrode 403 , and the orthographic projections of the two third openings 4031 on the third dielectric substrate 401 partially overlap with the orthographic projections of the radiation electrode 402 on the third dielectric substrate 401 .

[0114] Exemplarily, the feeding structure may adopt a coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure. The feeding structure includes a transmission line 404, and a first reference sub-electrode 451 and a second reference sub-electrode 452 located on both sides of the transmission line 404 along the first direction X. The reference electrode 403 also includes a fourth opening 4032, and the orthographic projection of the fourth opening 4032 on the third dielectric substrate 401 covers the orthographic projection of the transmission line 404 on the third dielectric substrate 401. The transmission line 404 includes an electrically connected first transmission portion 4041 and a second transmission portion 4042, wherein the first transmission portion 4041 is electrically connected to an external feed source, and the second transmission portion 4042 is electrically connected to the radiation electrode 402. The widths of the first transmission portion 4041, the first reference sub-electrode 451, and the second reference sub-electrode 452 in the second direction Y are equal. Exemplarily, the width S of the radiation electrode 402 in the first direction X is equal to that of the radiation electrode 402. x The width S in the second direction Y is 3.2 mm. y The width W of the first transmission portion 4041 in the first direction X is 1.6 mm; c The width L in the second direction Y is 0.5 mm. c The width W of the second transmission portion 4042 in the first direction X is 6 mm; ms The width L in the second direction Y is 0.046 mm. ms The width W of the third opening 4031 in the first direction X is 1.6 mm; s The width L in the second direction Y is 0.1 mm. sThe closest distance between the two third openings 4031 in the first direction X is W ss The width W of the fourth opening 4032 in the first direction X is 3.06 mm. a The width L in the second direction Y is 1.4 mm. c is 6mm. Furthermore, the spacing between the antenna 40 and the metasurface 00 is between 0.45 and 0.55 radiation wavelengths. Taking the above example parameters as an example, the radiation gain of the antenna module working in the transmission mode is measured. Figure 12a is the radiation direction gain diagram of the structure of Figure 10 working in the transmission mode. As shown in Figure 12a, when the spacing between the antenna 40 and the metasurface 00 is 1 / 2 radiation wavelength and the two oppositely arranged metasurfaces 00 are both working in the transmission mode, a radiation gain of 2.5dBi can be obtained. Figure 12b is a schematic diagram of the radiation direction of the two metasurfaces in the structure of Figure 10 when one works in the transmission mode and the other works in the reflection mode. Figure 12c is a schematic diagram of the radiation direction gain of the two metasurfaces in the structure of Figure 10 when one works in the transmission mode and the other works in the reflection mode. As shown in Figures 12b and 12c, when the distance between the antenna 40 and the metasurface 00 is 1 / 2 of the radiation wavelength, and one of the two oppositely arranged metasurfaces 00 works in the transmission mode and the other works in the reflection mode, a radiation gain of 4.3dBi can be obtained.

[0115] In another embodiment, the antenna module includes two metasurfaces 00 , and the extended surfaces of the two metasurfaces 00 intersect; the antenna 40 is disposed within the area defined by the two metasurfaces 00 . The second electrode layer 102 is closer to the antenna 40 than the first electrode layer 101 .

[0116] Here, the antenna 40 may be a dipole antenna 40. The specific structure of the dipole antenna 40 can be seen in FIG11 , and the repeated parts will not be repeated.

[0117] It should be noted that compared with the relatively set metasurface 00, the transmittance of the multi-beam switching single beam in this embodiment is low. However, in different application scenarios, the higher the radiation gain, the better. Therefore, the antenna module with a suitable structure can be selected according to actual needs.

[0118] For example, Figures 13a to 13c are schematic diagrams of another antenna module provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figures 13a to 13c, the angle between the extended surfaces of the two metasurfaces 00 is less than 90°. As shown in Figure 13a, for all metasurfaces 00 working in transmission mode, the gain of the dual-beam antenna 40 is increased by taking advantage of the high transmittance of the metasurface 00. As shown in Figures 13b and 13c, for metasurfaces 00 with two extended surfaces with an angle less than 90°, one of them works in transmission mode and the other works in reflection mode, thereby realizing switching from multi-beam to single-beam. At the same time, the metasurface 00 working in reflection mode can reflect part of the beam to the other metasurface 00 for transmission, and ultimately increase the gain of the single-beam antenna 40 by taking advantage of the high transmittance and high reflectivity of the metasurface 00.

[0119] Exemplarily, the angle between the extended surfaces of the two metasurfaces 00 is greater than or equal to 90°. Taking the example of the angle between the extended surfaces of the two metasurfaces 00 being equal to 90°, that is, the extended surfaces of the two metasurfaces 00 are orthogonal, Figures 14a to 14d are schematic diagrams of another antenna module provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figures 14a to 14d, the antenna module includes two metasurfaces 00, and the extended surfaces of the two metasurfaces 00 intersect. As shown in Figure 14a, for all metasurfaces 00 operating in transmission mode, the gain of the dual-beam antenna 40 is increased by leveraging the high transmittance of the metasurface 00. As shown in Figures 14b and 14c, for the metasurfaces 00 with two orthogonal extended surfaces, one operates in transmission mode and the other operates in reflection mode, achieving switching from multi-beam to single beam. At the same time, the metasurface 00 operating in reflection mode reflects the beam in a direction perpendicular to the transmission beam, reducing the gain of the antenna 40 compared to the example of the metasurface 00 and the metasurface 00 with an angle less than 90° between the extended surfaces. As shown in FIG14 d , for all metasurfaces 00 working in the reflection mode, the gain of the dual-beam antenna 40 in the reflection mode is increased by utilizing the high reflectivity of the metasurface 00 .

[0120] Furthermore, the two dihedral angles formed by the extended surface of the antenna 40 and the extended surfaces of the two metasurfaces 00 are equal, so as to balance the radiation gains of the two metasurfaces 00 .

[0121] In one embodiment, Figure 15a is a schematic diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 15a, the antenna module includes multiple metasurfaces 00, and each metasurface 00 is connected in sequence to form a ring structure; the antenna 40 is arranged in the ring structure formed by multiple metasurfaces 00.

[0122] Here, the antenna 40 may be an omnidirectional antenna 40, that is, it radiates uniformly in 360 degrees on the horizontal pattern, which is commonly known as non-directional. Of course, the antenna 40 of this embodiment may also be other multi-beam antennas 40, which is not limited to this.

[0123] Here, multiple annular metasurface 00 structures and omnidirectional radiation antennas 40 are combined to construct a single-beam and multi-beam switching system.

[0124] For example, multiple annular metasurface 00 structures are combined with an omnidirectional radiation antenna 40, and each metasurface 00 operates in the transmission mode. By leveraging the high transmittance of the metasurface 00, omnidirectional radiation is achieved while increasing the gain of the final multi-beam antenna 40.

[0125] Exemplary, multi-beam switching multi-beam. Figure 15b is a radiation directional gain diagram of the multi-beam switching multi-beam provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figures 15a and 15b, for each metasurface 00 set to transmission mode, metasurface 00A, metasurface 00C, and metasurface 00E are adjusted to reflection mode, and the transmission mode of metasurface 00B, metasurface 00D, and metasurface 00F remains unchanged, thereby achieving switching from an omnidirectional beam to three beams. With the high transmittance and high reflectivity of metasurface 00, a radiation gain of 5.43dBi can be obtained.

[0126] As another example, multiple beams are switched to a single beam. FIG15c is a radiation directional gain diagram of a single beam switched from multiple beams provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG15a and FIG15c, for each metasurface 00 set to transmission mode, metasurfaces 00A, 00B, 00C, 00D, and 00F are adjusted to reflection mode, and the transmission mode of metasurface 00A remains unchanged, thereby achieving switching from an omnidirectional beam to a single beam. With the high transmittance and high reflectivity of metasurface 00, a radiation gain of 5.43 dBi can be obtained. When a communication situation requires a larger gain, the high gain performance of a single beam can be utilized. At the same time, the main lobe direction of a single beam can also be controlled. Figure 15d is a radiation direction gain diagram of a single beam switching provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figures 15a and 15d, for metasurface 00B, metasurface 00C, metasurface 00D, metasurface 00E and metasurface 00F set to reflection mode, and metasurface 00A set to transmission mode, metasurface 00B is adjusted to transmission mode, and the reflection mode of metasurface 00A is adjusted to remain unchanged, to achieve a 60-degree beam deflection switch, that is, the radiation direction switch from single beam to single beam, thereby increasing the beam coverage range of the final antenna module; at the same time, with the help of the high transmittance characteristics of metasurface 00, a radiation gain of 10.2dBi can be obtained.

[0127] It should be noted that the free switching between single-beam and multi-beam is of great significance, because in certain situations, a single beam with higher gain is sometimes needed instead of multiple beams with lower gain.

[0128] Furthermore, the omnidirectional antenna 40 is located at the geometric center of each metasurface 00 connected in sequence to form a ring structure to balance the radiation gain of each metasurface 00.

[0129] In some embodiments, the antenna module also includes a driving module, which is configured to load increasing bias voltages to the first electrode strips 1 in sequence according to the arrangement order of the first electrode strips 1, so that the scanning range of the beam formed by the antenna module is offset between ±12° in the normal direction of the vertical metasurface 00.

[0130] FIG16 is a schematic diagram of a driving metasurface provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG16 , the driving module is configured to load the first electrode strips 1 with an increasing bias voltage in sequence according to the arrangement order of the first electrode strips 1, and at the same time, all the second electrode strips 2 are loaded with the same voltage. The minimum voltage of the increasing bias voltage can be set to 0V, and the maximum voltage can be set to 0V, 2V or 4V. All the second electrode strips 2 are loaded with a 0V voltage. For example, FIG17 is a schematic diagram of beam scanning under the driving mode of FIG16 , and FIG18 is a radiation direction gain diagram under the driving mode of FIG16 . As shown in FIG17 and FIG18 , for the case where the maximum voltage of the increasing bias voltage is 0V, 2V, or 4V, driving the metasurface 00 according to the above-mentioned driving mode can cause the beam to scan along the first direction X, and the scanning range of the formed beam is offset between ±12° in the normal direction perpendicular to the metasurface 00.

[0131] Many multi-beam antennas 40, such as lens antennas 40, require multiple feed sources placed near the focal point to generate beams in different directions. This not only increases the overall volume but also fixes the beam direction once formed. In contrast, the metasurface 00 provided in the disclosed embodiments not only enables flexible switching between multi-beam and single-beam generation, but also allows each beam to have a specific beam scanning angle, thus flexibly providing more consistent communication services for users in high-speed mobile conditions. Furthermore, the insertion loss (S21) of each beam is relatively small.

[0132] In a third aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure further provide an electronic device comprising the antenna module described in any of the above embodiments. The electronic device may be, for example, a mobile phone, an in-vehicle device, or any other product with communication functionality. Other essential components of the electronic device are well understood by those skilled in the art and are not detailed here, nor should they be construed as limitations of the present disclosure.

[0133] In some examples, the antenna in the electronic device also includes a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filtering unit. The antenna in the electronic device can be used as a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. The transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end. The baseband provides a signal of at least one frequency band, such as a 2G signal, a 3G signal, a 4G signal, a 5G signal, etc., and transmits the signal of at least one frequency band to the radio frequency transceiver. After the antenna in the electronic device receives the signal, it can be processed by the filtering unit, the power amplifier, the signal amplifier, and the radio frequency transceiver and then transmitted to the receiving end in the transceiver unit. The receiving end may be, for example, a smart gateway.

[0134] Furthermore, a radio frequency transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit and is used to modulate the signals sent by the transceiver unit or to demodulate the signals received by the antenna and transmit them back to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the radio frequency transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulation circuit, and a demodulation circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives various types of signals provided by the baseband, the modulation circuit can modulate these various types of signals provided by the baseband and then transmit them to the antenna. The antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the receiving circuit of the radio frequency transceiver. The receiving circuit transmits the signal to the demodulation circuit, which demodulates the signal and transmits it to the receiving end.

[0135] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to a signal amplifier and a power amplifier, which are then connected to a filtering unit, which is connected to at least one antenna. When the electronic device transmits a signal, the signal amplifier is used to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal output by the RF transceiver before transmitting it to the filtering unit. The power amplifier is used to amplify the power of the signal output by the RF transceiver before transmitting it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit may specifically include a duplexer and a filtering circuit. The filtering unit combines the signals output by the signal amplifier and the power amplifier, filters out noise, and transmits them to the antenna, which radiates the signal. When the electronic device receives a signal, the antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit filters out noise from the signal received by the antenna and transmits it to the signal amplifier and power amplifier. The signal amplifier amplifies the signal received by the antenna to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. The power amplifier amplifies the power of the signal received by the antenna. The signal received by the antenna is processed by the power amplifier and signal amplifier before being transmitted to the RF transceiver, which then transmits it to the transceiver unit.

[0136] In some examples, the signal amplifier may include various types of signal amplifiers, such as a low noise amplifier, which is not limited herein.

[0137] In some examples, the antenna provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure further includes a power management unit, which is connected to a power amplifier to provide the power amplifier with a voltage for amplifying a signal.

[0138] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments for illustrating the principles of the present disclosure, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit and substance of the present disclosure, and such modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A metasurface comprising a first substrate and a second substrate, and a tunable dielectric layer located between the first substrate and the second substrate; The first substrate comprises a first dielectric substrate and a first electrode layer arranged on a side of the first dielectric substrate close to the adjustable dielectric layer; the second substrate comprises a second dielectric substrate and a second electrode layer arranged on a side of the second dielectric substrate close to the adjustable dielectric layer; The first electrode layer includes a plurality of first electrode strips arranged side by side along a first direction; the second electrode layer includes a plurality of second electrode strips arranged side by side along a second direction; the first electrode strips and the second electrode strips are arranged crosswise to define a plurality of resonance units; The metasurface further includes a filling structure, and an orthographic projection of the filling structure on the first dielectric substrate is located between orthographic projections of the adjacently arranged first electrode strips on the first dielectric substrate.

2. The metasurface according to claim 1, wherein: The first electrode layer includes a filling structure disposed between adjacent first electrode strips.

3. The metasurface according to claim 2, wherein: The filling structure comprises a first filling strip and a second filling strip arranged side by side along the first direction; a first gap is provided between the first filling strip and the second filling strip; With respect to the adjacently arranged first electrode strips and the filling structure sandwiched therebetween, one of the first electrode strips is connected to the first filling strip as an integral structure, and another of the first electrode strips is connected to the second filling strip as an integral structure.

4. The metasurface according to claim 3, wherein: The width of the first gap in the first direction is smaller than the width of the first electrode strip in the first direction.

5. The metasurface according to claim 2, wherein: A second gap is provided between the filling structure and at least one of the first electrode strips adjacent thereto.

6. The metasurface according to claim 5, wherein: The width of the second gap in the first direction is smaller than the width of the first electrode strip in the first direction.

7. The metasurface according to claim 1, wherein: The second electrode strip includes a plurality of electrode portions and a connecting portion connecting two adjacent electrode portions; the electrode portions overlap with the orthographic projections of the first electrode strip on the first dielectric substrate.

8. The metasurface according to claim 7, wherein: A ratio of the widths of the electrode portion to the width of the connection portion in the second direction is between 2.57 and 2.

58.

9. The supersurface according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: The resonance unit further includes a first opening formed on the first electrode strip and a second opening formed on the second electrode strip; the orthographic projections of the first opening and the second opening on the first dielectric substrate intersect.

10. The metasurface according to claim 9, wherein: A ratio of the first opening to the width of the first electrode strip in the first direction is between 0.02 and 0.06; a ratio of the first opening to the width of the resonance unit in the second direction is between 0.3 and 0.

5.

11. The metasurface according to claim 9, wherein: A ratio of the second opening to the width of the resonance unit in the first direction is between 0.05 and 0.85; a ratio of the second opening to the width of the resonance unit in the second direction is between 0.05 and 0.

15.

12. An antenna module, comprising at least one metasurface as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11 and an antenna.

13. The antenna module according to claim 12, wherein: The antenna module includes a plurality of the metasurfaces, and the antenna is arranged in an area defined by the plurality of the metasurfaces; The second electrode layer is closer to the antenna than the first electrode layer.

14. The antenna module according to claim 13, wherein: The antenna module includes two oppositely disposed super surfaces, and the antenna is disposed between the oppositely disposed super surfaces.

15. The antenna module according to claim 14, wherein: The distance between the antenna and the metasurface is between 0.45 and 0.55 radiation wavelengths.

16. The antenna module according to claim 13, wherein: The antenna module includes two metasurfaces, and the extended surfaces of the two metasurfaces intersect; The antenna is arranged in an area defined by the two metasurfaces.

17. The antenna module according to claim 16, wherein: The two dihedral angles formed by the extended surface of the antenna and the extended surfaces of the two metasurfaces are equal.

18. The antenna module according to any one of claims 12 to 17, wherein: The antenna is a dipole antenna.

19. The antenna module according to claim 13, wherein: The antenna module includes a plurality of the metasurfaces, and the metasurfaces are sequentially connected to form a ring structure; the antenna is arranged in the ring structure formed by the plurality of the metasurfaces.

20. The antenna module according to claim 19, wherein: The antenna is an omnidirectional antenna.

21. The antenna module according to claim 12, wherein: The antenna module also includes a driving module, which is configured to load increasing bias voltages to the first electrode strips in sequence according to the arrangement order of the first electrode strips, so that the scanning range of the beam formed by the antenna module is offset between ±12° in the normal direction perpendicular to the metasurface.

22. An electronic device, wherein: Comprising the antenna module as described in any one of claims 12 to 21.

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