Allium grandiflorum planting and cut-flower harvesting method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of planting and harvesting of cut flowers, and discloses a planting and harvesting method of allium macrostemon. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a proper planting field, applying fertilizers and insecticides with proper concentrations and types, selecting seed balls with proper specifications and sizes, limiting the planting depth and row spacing, harvesting cut flowers at proper time, controlling the storage and transportation temperature of the cut flowers, and the like. The proportion of cut flowers with A-grade quality (full inflorescence and total length of cut flowers greater than or equal to 90 cm) during harvesting can reach 90% or above. In addition, the cut flowers can be stored for about 20 days at most under the low-temperature condition, and the follow-up vase insertion effect is not affected. Therefore, the cut-flower quality of the allium macrostemon is remarkably improved, the sales time is prolonged, and the economic value of the cut-flower is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of cutting flower planting and harvesting, and more specifically relates to a method for planting and harvesting allium scabra. Background Art

[0002] Allium giganteum, also known as Allium giganteum and Allium giganteum, is native to central Asia. It is a perennial bulbous flower of the genus Allium in the family Liliaceae and is also the most ornamental of the genus. When in bloom, the flower stems of Allium giganteum are tall and straight, and the plant height can reach 1 meter or more. The umbel inflorescence is terminal, and the flower color is mainly purple-red. There are also cultivated varieties in red, white, pink, etc. It is currently mainly used for flower borders and cut flowers.

[0003] Due to its unique flower shape and long ornamental period, the cut flower market of Allium grandiflorum has gradually expanded in China in recent years. At present, allium grandiflorum bulbs are almost entirely imported, and the price of a single bulb can reach more than 20 yuan. The lack of relevant cultivation technology has led to a large gap between the quality of allium grandiflorum cut flowers on the market and foreign imports, which in turn has led to low prices for domestic cut flowers. Therefore, how to produce high-quality allium grandiflorum cut flowers has become the key to generating income for related planting farmers and enterprises. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for planting and harvesting cut flowers of Allium grandiflorum. By selecting a suitable planting site, bulbs of suitable size, suitable planting depth and density, and harvesting at an appropriate time, Grade A and super Grade A Allium grandiflorum cut flowers with a stalk length of ≥90 cm and full inflorescence can be produced, and the cut flowers can be stored for up to about 20 days under low temperature conditions without affecting the subsequent vase effect.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for planting Allium grandiflorum and harvesting cut flowers comprises the following steps:

[0007] (1) Site selection and land preparation: Choose a site with convenient transportation, sufficient lighting, clean water source and semi-sandy soil. 7-10 days before planting Allium grandiflorum, spread organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and pesticide on the soil surface, then deep plow and dig drainage ditches after deep plowing;

[0008] (2) Bulb selection and treatment: Select healthy bulbs of Allium grandiflorum of a certain size, soak the bulbs in a broad-spectrum fungicide to kill the fungi on the surface of the bulbs, and then dry them in a naturally ventilated place for later use; specifically, soak them in a 500-800 times diluted 50% carbendazim wettable powder for about 30 minutes;

[0009] (3) Planting: dig planting trenches, plant the bulbs in the planting trenches and cover with soil. Water thoroughly after planting. Then, water every 7-10 days in November-December and March-May of the following year when there is no rainfall. Since the temperature is low in January and February, the Allium grandiflorum is in a state of stagnant growth, so no additional artificial watering is required at this stage.

[0010] (4) Cut flower harvesting: In April or May of the following year, when the Allium grandiflorum blooms, cut off the bottom of the flower stem and immediately put it in clean water;

[0011] (5) Storage and transportation of cut flowers: After grading the Allium grandiflorum, wrap the inflorescence with a foam net, then place it in a fresh preservative solution and store it in a cold storage. When it needs to be packed and transported, 10 branches should be placed in a box, and the flower buds should be placed alternately at both ends of the box to ensure that the inflorescences do not collide or squeeze each other. The temperature should be kept low during transportation.

[0012] Furthermore, in step (1), the organic fertilizer is decomposed sheep manure with a low salt content, and the application amount is 500-800 kg / mu.

[0013] Furthermore, in order to balance the time of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, the compound fertilizer in step (1) is a compound fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 16-16-16, and the application amount is 40-60 kg / mu.

[0014] Furthermore, the pesticide in step (1) refers to an organophosphorus pesticide, which is used to kill pests in the soil, and the application amount is 2-4 kg / mu.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (1), the deep plowing depth is 40-50 cm, the drainage ditch is 25-35 cm wide and 20-30 cm deep.

[0016] Furthermore, the Allium grandiflorum bulbs of a certain specification in step (2) refer to bulbs with a circumference of 20-28 cm. A circumference that is too small or too large will affect the length of the flower stem.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (3), the spacing between rows and plants of Allium grandiflorum bulbs is 35-45 cm. If the spacing is too small, the Allium grandiflorum leaves will cover each other and affect the quality of cut flowers, while if the spacing is too large, land will be wasted.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (3), the planting depth of Allium grandiflorum is 25-30 cm.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (4), the harvesting standard of the Allium grandiflorum cut flowers is that the open florets in the umbels account for 40-50%.

[0020] Furthermore, in step (5), the grading standards for the Allium grandiflorum cut flowers are super A-grade flowers (full inflorescence and total length of cut flowers ≥110 cm), A-grade flowers (full inflorescence and total length of cut flowers ≥90 cm) and B-grade flowers (full inflorescence and total length of cut flowers ≥70 cm), wherein when the flowers of each grade are packed, the difference in length between the longest branch and the shortest branch is ≤3 cm.

[0021] Furthermore, in step (5), the temperature in the cold storage and the transportation cold chain is maintained at 5-7°C.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The present invention can make the proportion of cut flowers with grade A quality (full inflorescence and total length of cut flowers ≥ 90cm) or above account for more than 90% when harvested by selecting a suitable planting site, applying fertilizers and pesticides of suitable concentrations and types, selecting bulbs of suitable sizes, limiting planting depth and spacing between plants, harvesting cut flowers at appropriate times, and controlling the storage and transportation temperature of cut flowers. In addition, cut flowers can be stored for up to about 20 days under low temperature conditions without affecting the subsequent vase effect. Therefore, the present invention not only significantly improves the cut flower quality of Allium grandiflorum, but also prolongs the sales time, increases the economic value of cut flowers, and promotes the development of the industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a picture of Allium grandiflorum seedling stage;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a picture of the flowering period of Allium grandiflorum;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the flowering process of Allium grandiflorum. The degree of cut flower harvest is as shown in the 2-3 picture.

[0028] Figure 4 Packing diagram for Allium grandiflorum cut flowers;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a picture of the opening effect of the Allium grandiflorum after being refrigerated for 20 days.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a picture of the flowering of an Allium bulb with a circumference of 15cm. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] The word "embodiment" used here as an "exemplary" does not necessarily mean that any embodiment described is superior to or better than other embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the performance index tests in the embodiments of this application are performed using conventional test methods in the art. It should be understood that the terms described in this application are only used to describe specific implementation methods and are not used to limit the content disclosed in this application.

[0033] Unless otherwise specified, the technical and scientific terms used in this document have the same meanings as commonly understood by ordinary technicians in the technical field to which this application belongs; other experimental methods and technical means not specifically specified in this application refer to experimental methods and technical means commonly used by ordinary technicians in this field.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "middle", "upper", "lower", "ascending", "descending", "vertical", "face", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0035] In order to better illustrate the content of the present application, numerous specific details are provided in the specific examples below. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application can also be implemented without certain specific details. In the embodiments, some methods, means, instruments, equipment, etc. well known to those skilled in the art are not described in detail in order to highlight the main purpose of the present application.

[0036] Under the premise of no conflict, the technical features disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be combined arbitrarily, and the resulting technical solutions belong to the contents disclosed in the embodiments of the present application.

[0037] It should be noted that the Allium bulbs in the following examples were purchased from Shanghai Seed Industry (Group) Co., Ltd., and fertilizers, pesticides, preservatives and other utensils were all conventional products available on the market.

[0038] Example:

[0039] (1) Site selection and land preparation: Allium grandiflorum cut flower planting was carried out in the South Group of Wutao Village, Jiangxin Ecological Park, Dantu District, Zhenjiang City. The soil in this area is semi-sandy. Eight days before the planting of allium grandiflorum, 700kg / mu of Xingyue Gardening brand decomposed sheep manure fertilizer, 50kg / mu of Kangpu brand compound fertilizer with a NPK ratio of 16-16-16, and 3kg / mu of Zhonglang brand phoxim insecticide were spread on the soil surface, and then deep plowing was carried out by 40-50cm. After deep plowing, drainage ditches were opened with a width of about 30cm and a depth of about 25cm.

[0040] (2) Bulb selection and treatment: Select healthy bulbs of Allium grandiflorum with a circumference of 20-28 cm, soak them in 500-800 times diluted 50% carbendazim wettable powder for about 30 minutes, and then dry them in a naturally ventilated place for later use;

[0041] (3) Planting: dig horizontal planting trenches with a depth of 25-30cm and a spacing of 35-45cm between adjacent planting trenches. In addition, place the bulbs in the planting trenches at a spacing of 35-45cm and then cover with soil. After planting, water thoroughly. Thereafter, water once every 7-10 days in November-December and March-May of the following year without rainfall. No watering is required in January-February.

[0042] (4) Cut flower harvesting: In April or May of the following year, when the proportion of open florets in the Allium grandiflorum inflorescence is 40-50%, the flowers can be cut off at the bottom of the flower stem and immediately placed in clean water;

[0043] (5) Storage and transportation of cut flowers: Before entering the cold storage, the cut flowers of Allium grandiflorum are graded into Super A grade (full inflorescence and total length of cut flowers ≥110cm), Grade A (full inflorescence and total length of cut flowers ≥90cm) and Grade B (full inflorescence and total length of cut flowers ≥70cm), and the inflorescences are wrapped with foam nets, then placed in a solution containing the bagged powder of Lily Companion, and stored in a cold storage set at 6°C. When selling and transporting, the cut flowers are packed according to the grade, with 10 branches per box, and the length difference of the same grade in each box is ≤3cm. The flower buds are placed alternately at both ends of the box to ensure that the inflorescences do not collide with each other. The temperature should be kept at around 6°C during transportation.

[0044] It should be noted that when cut flowers are transported to Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and other areas where the transportation time is ≥ 2 days, cotton gauze containing the bagged powder solution of Kelixian Lily Companion must be wrapped at the bottom of the flower stem. Under other conditions, naked flowers can be transported.

[0045] When the cut flowers in this embodiment are harvested, the quality of the cut flowers above grade A reaches more than 90%, and the cut flowers can be stored in the cold storage for up to 22 days. In addition, after storage, they are transported to distant areas such as Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, and the effect of the large onion vase insertion is as follows: Figure 5 , in good condition.

[0046] Comparative Example 1:

[0047] The steps are basically similar to those in the embodiment, except that the planting site in step (1) is the North Garden of Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden, and the soil texture of the planting plot is clay.

[0048] By the time the cut flowers are harvested, the proportion of quality cut flowers above grade A is about 80%.

[0049] Comparative Example 2:

[0050] The steps are basically similar to those in the embodiment, except that in step (1), no organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer or soil pesticide is applied.

[0051] When the cut flowers are harvested, the proportion of A-grade and above quality cut flowers is less than 20%, the proportion of B-grade quality cut flowers is about 60%, and the length of the flower stem of the other 20% or so cut flowers is less than 70cm.

[0052] Comparative Example 3:

[0053] The steps are basically similar to those in the embodiment, except that: the circumference of the bulb selected in step (2) is about 15 cm, and when the cut flowers are harvested in step (4), the height of the flower stem is less than 50 cm ( Figure 6 ), which does not meet the standards for cut flower sales.

[0054] Comparative Example 4:

[0055] The steps are basically similar to those in the embodiment, except that: in step (3), the depth of the planting trench is 15-20 cm, and the planting row spacing is set to 20-30 cm.

[0056] When it came time to harvest the cut flowers, due to the shallow planting depth, about 10% of the cut flowers fell over, making harvesting more difficult. In addition, due to the small spacing between rows and plants, the leaves of adjacent alliums covered each other, affecting photosynthesis, ultimately resulting in only about 75% of the cut flowers being Grade A, and almost no super Grade A cut flowers being harvested.

[0057] Comparative Example 5:

[0058] The steps are basically similar to those in the embodiment, except that: in step (4), the flowers are harvested when the proportion of open florets in the Allium grandiflorum inflorescence reaches 80%, that is, when the flowers in the Allium grandiflorum inflorescence reach ... the flowers in the Allium grandiflorum inflorescence reach 80%, the flowers in the Allium grandiflorum inflorescence reach 80 Figure 6 In the subsequent cold storage process, it was found that the cut flowers in this state fully opened after 4-5 days of cold storage and could not be sold.

[0059] Comparative Example 6:

[0060] The steps are basically similar to those in the embodiment, except that: in step (5), the cold storage temperature is set to 10° C. When stored for 10-15 days, the umbels are fully bloomed and cannot be sold.

[0061] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for planting Allium grandiflorum and harvesting cut flowers, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: (1) Site selection and land preparation: Choose a site with convenient transportation, sufficient sunlight, clean water source and semi-sandy soil; 7-10 days before planting Allium grandiflorum, spread organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and pesticide on the soil surface, then deep plow and dig drainage ditches after deep plowing; (2) Bulb selection and treatment: Select healthy bulbs of Allium grandiflorum of a certain size, treat the bulbs with a broad-spectrum fungicide by soaking, and then dry them in a naturally ventilated place for later use; (3) Planting: dig planting trenches, plant the bulbs in the trenches and cover with soil. After planting, water thoroughly. Thereafter, water every 7-10 days in November-December and March-May of the following year if there is no rainfall. No watering is required in January-February. (4) Cut flower harvesting: In April or May of the following year, when the Allium grandiflorum blooms, cut off the bottom of the flower stem and immediately put it in clean water; (5) Storage and transportation of cut flowers: After grading the Allium grandiflorum, wrap the inflorescence with a foam net, then put it into a special preservative solution for bulbous flowers and store it in a cold storage. When it needs to be packed and transported, 10 branches should be placed in one box, and the flower buds should be placed alternately at both ends of the box to ensure that the inflorescences do not collide or squeeze each other. The temperature should be kept low during transportation.

2. The method for planting and harvesting cut flowers of Allium grandiflorum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and pesticide in step (1) refer to decomposed sheep manure, compound fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 16-16-16 and organophosphorus pesticide respectively.

3. The method for planting and harvesting cut flowers of Allium grandiflorum according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The application amounts of the organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and pesticide are 500-800kg / mu, 40-60kg / mu and 2-4kg / mu respectively.

4. The method for planting and cutting allium according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the deep plowing depth is 40-50 cm, the drainage ditch is 25-35 cm wide and 20-30 cm deep.

5. The method for planting and cutting Allium grandiflorum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circumference of the healthy bulbs of Allium grandiflorum in the step (2) is 20-28 cm.

6. The method for planting and cutting allium according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (3), the spacing between rows and plants of Allium grandiflorum bulbs is 35-45 cm, and the planting depth is 25-30 cm.

7. The method for planting and harvesting cut flowers of Allium grandiflorum according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (4), the harvesting standard of Allium grandiflorum cut flowers is that the proportion of open florets in the umbel inflorescence reaches 40-50%.

8. The method for planting and cutting Allium grandiflorum according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (5), the grading standards of Allium grandiflorum cut flowers are super A-grade flowers, A-grade flowers and B-grade flowers; wherein, the inflorescence of super A-grade flowers is full and the total length of the cut flowers is ≥110 cm, the inflorescence of A-grade flowers is full and the total length of the cut flowers is ≥90 cm, and the inflorescence of B-grade flowers is full and the total length of the cut flowers is ≥70 cm; and when the flowers of each grade are packed, the difference in length between the longest branch and the shortest branch is ≤3 cm.

9. The method for planting and cutting Allium grandiflorum according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (5), the temperature of the cut Allium grandiflorum flowers during storage and transportation is 5-7°C.

Images