Steam generation experimental device, flow control method thereof and containment experimental system

Abstract

The invention relates to a steam generation experiment device, a flow control method thereof and a containment experiment system. The steam generation experiment device comprises a steam generation simulation unit, a steam injection unit and a control unit. The steam generation simulation unit comprises a steam generator, a pressure sensor and at least one electric heater; the steam injection unit comprises a steam injection main pipeline, a main steam injection pipeline and an auxiliary steam injection pipeline; the inlet end of the steam injection main pipeline is communicated with the steam generating body, and the outlet end of the steam injection main pipeline is respectively communicated with the inlet ends of the main steam injection pipeline and the auxiliary steam injection pipeline; the main steam injection pipeline and the auxiliary steam injection pipeline are respectively provided with a flow regulating valve; and the control unit is electrically connected with the pressure sensor, the at least one electric heater and the flow regulating valve respectively. According to the invention, quick response of mass energy injection can be realized, and the accuracy of mass energy output data is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of nuclear power technology, and more specifically, to a steam generation experimental device, a flow control method and a containment experimental system. Background Art

[0002] At present, the mass-energy injection simulation part of the comprehensive experimental device for containment is usually realized by external preheating boiler or connecting to external gas source to simulate the steam injection process. This simulation method has problems such as slow mass-energy injection response, small flow adjustment range, and large flow adjustment fluctuation, which in turn affects the overall simulation experiment efficiency and result accuracy. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a steam generation experimental device and a flow control method thereof and a containment experimental system in view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by this application to solve its technical problem is:

[0005] Construct a steam generation experimental device, including:

[0006] A steam generation simulation unit, comprising a steam generating body, a pressure sensor disposed on the steam generating body, and at least one electric heater;

[0007] A steam injection unit, comprising a steam injection main pipeline, a main steam injection pipeline and an auxiliary steam injection pipeline connected to the containment simulation body at the outlet end; the inlet end of the steam injection main pipeline is connected to the steam generator, and the outlet end is respectively connected to the inlet end of the main steam injection pipeline and the inlet end of the auxiliary steam injection pipeline; the main steam injection pipeline and the auxiliary steam injection pipeline are respectively provided with flow regulating valves; and

[0008] A control unit for stabilizing the internal pressure of the steam generator is electrically connected to the pressure sensor, the at least one electric heater, and the flow regulating valve, respectively.

[0009] In some embodiments, the main steam injection pipeline includes a large-flow steam injection pipeline and a small-flow steam injection pipeline connected in parallel; the flow regulating valve is respectively provided on the large-flow steam injection pipeline and the small-flow steam injection pipeline.

[0010] In some embodiments, the electric heater is an on-off electric heater or a proportional electric heater.

[0011] In some embodiments, a steam-water separator is provided on the steam injection main pipeline.

[0012] In some embodiments, the steam injection unit also includes a steam exhaust pipeline for discharging steam to the outside; the inlet end of the steam exhaust pipeline is connected to the steam injection main pipeline; the steam exhaust pipeline is also provided with the flow regulating valve electrically connected to the control unit.

[0013] In some embodiments, the main steam injection pipeline, the auxiliary steam injection pipeline and the steam exhaust pipeline are respectively provided with fast opening and closing isolation valves, and the isolation valves are electrically connected to the control unit.

[0014] A containment shell experiment system is constructed, comprising a containment shell simulation body and a steam generation experiment device as described in any of the above embodiments; the output end of the steam generation experiment device is connected to the containment shell simulation body.

[0015] A flow control method is constructed and applied to the steam generation experimental device described in any of the above embodiments. The flow control method comprises the following steps:

[0016] Step S1, setting the target pressure of the steam generator and the target flow rate of the steam injection unit according to the simulated working conditions;

[0017] Step S2, controlling the at least one electric heater to heat the saturated water in the steam generator to increase the pressure in the steam generator to the target pressure;

[0018] Step S3, controlling the flow regulating valve so that the steam injection unit outputs steam at a target flow rate; controlling the electric heater so that the electric heater heats the saturated water in the steam generator at an output power corresponding to the target flow rate to maintain the pressure in the steam generator at the target pressure.

[0019] In some embodiments, the control unit includes a PID control module;

[0020] In step S2 and / or step S3, the PID control module automatically controls the output power of the electric heater and / or the opening of the flow regulating valve.

[0021] In some embodiments, in step S3, the corresponding relationship between the output power and the target flow rate is obtained by formula 1;

[0022]

[0023] Wherein, F is the output power;

[0024] G s is the target flow;

[0025] Hg is the saturated steam enthalpy corresponding to the target pressure;

[0026] H f is the saturated water enthalpy value corresponding to the target pressure;

[0027] V g is the specific volume of saturated steam corresponding to the target pressure;

[0028] V f is the saturated water specific volume corresponding to the target pressure.

[0029] In some embodiments, the steam injection unit further comprises a steam exhaust pipeline for discharging steam to the outside; the inlet end of the steam exhaust pipeline is connected to the steam injection main pipeline; the steam exhaust pipeline is also provided with the flow regulating valve electrically connected to the control unit;

[0030] The step S3 comprises:

[0031] Step S31, controlling the flow regulating valve on the steam exhaust pipeline to discharge steam to the outside at a target flow rate; controlling the electric heater to heat the saturated water in the steam generator with an output power corresponding to the target flow rate to maintain the pressure in the steam generator at the target pressure;

[0032] Step S32, control the flow regulating valve on the main steam injection pipeline and / or the auxiliary steam injection pipeline, and close the flow regulating valve on the steam exhaust pipeline; control the electric heater so that the electric heater heats the saturated water in the steam generator with an output power corresponding to the target flow rate to maintain the pressure in the steam generator at the target pressure.

[0033] In some embodiments, step S3 further includes:

[0034] Step S30, determining the pipeline for deploying the steam injection unit according to the simulated working condition;

[0035] Step S32, control the flow regulating valve on the pipeline where the steam injection unit is deployed, so that the steam injection unit outputs steam at a target flow rate; control the electric heater, so that the electric heater heats the saturated water in the steam generator at an output power corresponding to the target flow rate, so as to maintain the pressure in the steam generator at the target pressure.

[0036] The implementation of this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0037] The present application can obtain multiple flow regulation intervals of different ranges by setting the main steam injection pipeline, the auxiliary steam injection pipeline and the steam injection main pipeline, and realize the rapid regulation and switching of the steam flow across orders of magnitude. By setting the flow regulating valve, the flow can be accurately controlled within the flow regulation interval, and the accuracy and controllability of the steam output process can be improved. By setting a control unit and electrically connecting it to the electric heater, the pressure sensor and the flow regulating valve respectively, the output power of the electric heater and the opening of the flow regulating valve can be controlled by the pressure in the steam generator fed back by the pressure sensor, and the pressure in the steam generator can be maintained at the target pressure. Such a setting can realize precise and rapid control, realize rapid response of mass-energy output, and can also reduce the fluctuation amplitude of the internal pressure of the steam generator and the fluctuation amplitude of the output flow, thereby improving the accuracy of the steam output data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] The present application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which:

[0039] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a steam generation experimental device in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 2 is a flow chart of a flow control method in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Flowchart of step S3 in some embodiments;

[0042] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Step S3 in the flowchart of some other embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present application, the specific implementation methods of the present application are now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present application, so the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0044] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings or the orientations or positional relationships in which the products of the present application are usually placed when used. They are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0045] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0046] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0047] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0048] Figure 1 A steam generation experimental device 1 in an embodiment of the present application is shown, which can be used to generate steam and output it to a target location. The steam generation experimental device 1 can be applied in various environments, such as various operating environments that require steam injection / output, various experimental environments that require steam injection / output, etc.

[0049] The present application will be described below based on the application of the steam generation experimental device 1 in the field of nuclear power in the experimental simulation of containment accident conditions.

[0050] The steam generation experimental device 1 includes a steam generation simulation unit 10, a steam injection unit 20 and a control unit 30. The steam generation simulation unit 10 is used to generate steam. The steam injection unit 20 is connected to the steam generation simulation unit 10 and is used to connect to a target device to inject the steam of the steam generation simulation unit 10 into the target device. The control unit 30 is electrically connected to the steam generation simulation unit 10 and some components in the steam injection unit 20 respectively to realize the control of the steam generation experimental device 1.

[0051] In this embodiment, the target device is a containment simulation body 2 used for conducting containment accident condition experimental simulation.

[0052] The steam generation simulation unit 10 includes a steam generator 11, a pressure sensor 13 and at least one electric heater 12. Liquid (saturated water) is stored in the steam generator 11. The electric heater 12 is arranged on the steam generator 11 to heat the internal liquid to generate steam (saturated steam). The pressure sensor 13 is also arranged on the steam generator 11 to detect the pressure in the steam generator 11.

[0053] The steam injection unit 20 includes a steam injection main pipeline 23, a main steam injection pipeline 21 and an auxiliary steam injection pipeline 22. The inlet end of the steam injection main pipeline 23 is connected to the steam generator 11, and the outlet end is respectively connected to the inlet end of the main steam injection pipeline 21 and the inlet end of the auxiliary steam injection pipeline 22, so as to guide the steam in the steam generator 11. The outlet end of the main steam injection pipeline 21 and the outlet end of the auxiliary steam injection pipeline 22 are respectively connected to the containment simulation body 2. The main steam injection pipeline 21 and the auxiliary steam injection pipeline 22 are respectively provided with flow regulating valves 50 for controlling the flow of the pipelines.

[0054] The control unit 30 is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 13 , the electric heater 12 , and the flow regulating valves 50 on each pipeline.

[0055] The control unit 30 may be configured to adjust the output power of the electric heater 12 according to the pressure in the steam generator 11 monitored by the pressure sensor 13 , thereby maintaining the pressure in the steam generator 11 at a target pressure.

[0056] By controlling the power of the electric heater 12, the heating rate of the saturated water in the steam generator 11 is controlled, thereby realizing the control of the gas pressure in the steam generator 11. By being electrically connected to the pressure sensor 13, the pressure in the steam generator 11 is monitored in real time, so that the output power of the electric heater 12 is adjusted accordingly according to the monitored pressure, and the pressure in the steam generator 11 is maintained at the target pressure. By controlling the opening of the flow control valve 50, the output flow in the pipeline is controlled.

[0057] It should be understood that the existing steam injection method is usually achieved by directly connecting to an external gas source. Such a steam injection method has a single method for controlling the flow rate, and the flow rate adjustment range is small. In the simulation experiment of the containment accident condition, there are many types of conditions that need to be simulated, so it is necessary to have a variety of steam injection methods with different flow ranges, such as short-term high energy mass energy release, medium- and long-term low energy mass energy release, etc.

[0058] By setting up a main steam injection pipeline 21, an auxiliary steam injection pipeline 22 and a steam injection main pipeline 23, the present application can obtain multiple flow regulation intervals in different ranges by setting the maximum allowable flow of each pipeline, thereby achieving rapid regulation and switching of steam flow across orders of magnitude.

[0059] For example, if the maximum allowable flow rate of the main steam injection pipeline 21 is set to be greater than the maximum allowable flow rate of the auxiliary steam injection pipeline 22, and the maximum allowable flow rate of the steam injection main pipeline 23 is set to be greater than or equal to the sum of the maximum allowable flow rates of the main steam injection pipeline 21 and the auxiliary steam injection pipeline 22. During the commissioning process, if a small flow rate of steam injection is required, only the steam injection main pipeline 23 and the auxiliary steam injection pipeline 22 can be put into operation. If a medium flow rate of steam injection is required, only the steam injection main pipeline 23 and the main steam injection pipeline 21 can be put into operation. If a large flow rate of steam injection is required, the steam injection main pipeline 23, the main steam injection pipeline 21 and the auxiliary steam injection pipeline 22 can be put into operation at the same time.

[0060] Furthermore, the present application can adjust the flow rate within the flow range allowed by each pipeline by respectively setting a flow control valve 50 on the main steam injection pipeline 21 and the auxiliary steam injection pipeline 22, thereby achieving precise control of the flow rate. The flow control valve 50 can also be used to achieve precise control of the flow rate within a specific flow adjustment interval, thereby improving the accuracy and controllability of the steam output process.

[0061] The present application cooperates with the flow control valve 50 and different pipelines to jointly realize a larger flow control range of the steam generation experimental device 1 and increase the number of flow control methods.

[0062] It should be understood that when the existing steam injection method is connected to an external gas source, the external gas source is usually realized by a heating boiler or other equipment. For the heating of the liquid in the heating boiler, the power adjustment of the electric heater is time-consuming and the heating accuracy is poor. This can easily lead to a large pressure amplitude fluctuation in the heating boiler.

[0063] For the control of the flow in the pipeline, in addition to the flow regulating valve 50 adjusting the opening, the pressure difference on both sides will also have an impact. If there is an experimental condition, it is necessary to accurately control the output flow, and it is necessary to strictly control the pressure in the heating boiler to reduce its fluctuation range to ensure the overall experimental effect.

[0064] The present application provides a control unit 30 and electrically connects it to the electric heater 12, the pressure sensor 13 and the flow control valve 50 respectively, and can control the output power of the electric heater 12 and the opening of the flow control valve 50 through the pressure in the steam generator 11 fed back by the pressure sensor 13, so as to maintain the pressure in the steam generator 11 at the target pressure. Such a setting can improve the pressure control in the steam generator 11, reduce the fluctuation amplitude of its internal pressure, and thus improve the accuracy of the experiment and ensure the overall experimental effect.

[0065] In some embodiments, the main steam injection pipeline 21 may include a large-flow steam injection pipeline 211 and a small-flow steam injection pipeline 212 in parallel. The inlet end of the large-flow steam injection pipeline 211 is connected to the steam injection main pipeline 23, and the outlet end is connected to the containment simulation body 2, for large-flow steam injection. The inlet end of the small-flow steam injection pipeline 212 is connected to the steam injection main pipeline 23, and the outlet end is connected to the containment simulation body 2, for small-flow steam injection. Wherein, the large-flow steam injection pipeline 211 and the small-flow steam injection pipeline 212 are respectively provided with flow regulating valves 50.

[0066] By dividing the main steam injection pipeline 21 into two parallel pipelines with different flow intervals, the injection flow interval division of the steam injection unit 20 can be further improved, and the flow control method and accuracy can be improved.

[0067] For example, if the maximum allowable flow of each pipeline / pipeline is set to: the large flow steam injection pipeline 211 is greater than the small flow steam injection pipeline 212, and the small flow steam injection pipeline 212 is greater than the auxiliary steam injection pipeline 22. Then, the flow control interval of the steam injection unit 20 can be generated by the arrangement and combination of the three pipelines / pipelines, and at least seven types are generated, which will not be expanded here. In this embodiment, by controlling each pipeline / pipeline by the flow control valve 50, more accurate flow control can be achieved.

[0068] It should be understood that the parallel large-flow steam injection pipeline 211 and the small-flow steam injection pipeline 212 can be two complementary independent pipelines, and the two ends of the two pipelines are directly connected to the containment simulation body 2 and the steam injection main pipeline 23 respectively. Figure 1 As shown, one of the pipelines ( Figure 1 At least one end ( Figure 1 At least one end of the pipeline can be connected to the containment simulation body 2 or the steam injection main pipeline 23 through a partial pipe section of another pipeline.

[0069] In some other optional embodiments, the auxiliary steam injection pipeline 22 can also be divided into at least two parallel pipelines with different flow ranges. The number of parallel pipelines of the main steam injection pipeline 21 can also be three or more.

[0070] In some embodiments, each pipeline of the main steam injection pipeline 21, the auxiliary steam injection pipeline 22 and the steam exhaust pipeline 24 are respectively provided with an isolation valve 60 for realizing rapid opening and closing of each pipeline / pipeline.

[0071] The isolation valves 60 on each pipeline / pipeline can be electrically connected to the control unit 30 respectively, and the pipeline / pipeline can be quickly put into operation or stopped through the control of the control unit 30.

[0072] It should be understood that, if the temperature of the steam generator 11 only contains liquid water but no steam before the experiment officially begins, the liquid water in the steam generator 11 needs to be preheated in the initial process to generate a certain amount of water vapor in advance and raise the internal pressure to the target pressure state.

[0073] During this process, the steam injection unit 20 needs to be kept in a closed state. The isolation valve 60 can cooperate with the flow control valve 50 to achieve control of the steam injection unit 20.

[0074] It should be understood that the locations of the main steam injection pipeline 21 and the auxiliary steam injection pipeline 22 on the containment simulation body 2 can be flexibly set according to experimental conditions and are not specifically limited here.

[0075] In some embodiments, the steam injection unit 20 further includes a steam exhaust pipeline 24 for exhausting the steam generated in the steam generator 11 out of the device before injecting steam into the containment simulation body 2 .

[0076] The inlet end of the steam exhaust pipeline 24 can be connected to the steam injection main pipeline 23, and the output end is connected to the external environment or external pipeline / equipment. The steam exhaust pipeline 24 is also provided with a flow regulating valve 50 and an isolation valve 60 to achieve control of the output flow.

[0077] It should be understood that before the formal experiment begins, the output power required by the electric heater 12 is different in the two cases: maintaining the pressure in the steam generator 11 when the steam injection unit 20 is in a completely shut down state and maintaining the pressure in the steam generator 11 when the steam injection unit 20 outputs steam at a target flow rate.

[0078] Therefore, due to the lag in the response changes among the electric heater 12, the pressure sensor 13, the flow control valve 50 and other components, even if the liquid water in the steam generator 11 is heated and vaporized to make the internal pressure reach the target pressure before the experiment starts, the pressure in the steam generator 11 will also fluctuate greatly in the initial stage of commissioning the steam injection unit 20.

[0079] By setting up the steam exhaust gas pipeline 24, the steam can be outputted to the steam generation experimental device 1 and the outside of the containment simulation body 2 at the target flow rate through the steam exhaust gas pipeline 24 before the formal experiment begins. That is, before the experiment begins, the stage of pressure fluctuation in the steam generator 11 is completed in advance, so as to pre-adjust the output power of the electric heater 12 so that it reaches the level of maintaining the pressure in the steam generator 11 when the steam injection unit 20 outputs steam at the target flow rate. When the experiment officially starts, the main steam injection pipeline 21 and / or the auxiliary steam injection pipeline 22 are switched to be put into operation. Such a setting can effectively reduce the pressure fluctuation in the steam generator 11 during the experiment and improve the accuracy of the experiment.

[0080] Meanwhile, during the experiment, if an abnormal situation (such as overpressure, etc.) occurs, the pressure can be released through the steam exhaust gas pipeline 24 to ensure the safety of the experiment.

[0081] In some other optional embodiments, the inlet end of the steam exhaust gas pipeline 24 may also be directly connected to the steam generator 11 .

[0082] In some embodiments, a steam-water separator 40 is further provided on the steam injection main pipeline 23 to control the dryness of the output steam.

[0083] It should be understood that for the simulation of containment accident conditions, the steam generation experimental device 1 needs to cooperate with other devices, and needs to control the mass of the water and the mass of the steam injected, respectively, and also needs to control the total amount of mass-energy released, so as to ensure the accuracy of the simulation data, and then ensure that the overall injection situation is consistent with the actual situation as much as possible, so as to realize the simulation of the injection enthalpy and other parameters such as the injection mass.

[0084] By providing the steam-water separator 40 , the dryness of the steam output by the steam injection unit 20 can be effectively controlled, and the water content of the output can be reduced as much as possible, so as to achieve precise control of the steam injection amount.

[0085] In some other optional embodiments, the steam-water separator 40 may be provided in plurality and respectively disposed on each pipeline of the main steam injection pipeline 21 and the auxiliary steam injection pipeline 22 .

[0086] In some embodiments, the steam generator 11 can be implemented using existing steam generating equipment (such as a boiler, a steam generator in the nuclear power field, etc.).

[0087] In some embodiments, the electric heater 12 may be an on-off electric heater or a proportional electric heater, which may realize fast step switching of the output power within a large power range, and may also realize continuous and stable regulation of the output power within a small power range.

[0088] The present application also constructs a containment experiment system 1, which can be used to conduct simulation experiments of containment accident conditions. The containment experiment system 1 may include a containment simulation body 2 and a steam generation experiment device 1 in any of the aforementioned embodiments. The containment simulation body 2 is connected to the steam generation experiment device 1, and the two cooperate to realize steam injection simulation of the containment under various accident conditions.

[0089] like Figure 2 As shown, the present application also constructs a flow control method, which can be applied to the steam generation experimental device 1 in any of the aforementioned embodiments.

[0090] The flow control method may include the following steps:

[0091] Step S1 : setting a target pressure of the steam generator 11 and a target flow rate of the steam injection unit 20 according to a simulated working condition.

[0092] It should be understood that the target flow rate of the steam injection unit 20 is the steam flow rate that needs to be injected into the containment simulation body 2 under the simulated working condition. The target pressure of the steam generator 11 is the pressure value corresponding to the simulated working condition, which can be calculated by existing methods and will not be repeated here.

[0093] Step S2: Control at least one electric heater 12 to heat the saturated water in the steam generator 11 so that the pressure in the steam generator 11 is increased to a target pressure.

[0094] It should be understood that the power of the electric heater 12 in this step can be flexibly set and can also be dynamically and flexibly adjusted, which is not specifically limited here.

[0095] Step S3: Control the flow regulating valve 50 to make the steam injection unit 20 output steam at a target flow rate. Control the electric heater 12 to make the electric heater 12 heat the saturated water in the steam generator 11 at an output power corresponding to the target flow rate to maintain the pressure in the steam generator 11 at the target pressure.

[0096] It should be understood that the control of the flow regulating valve 50 and the electric heater 12 can be achieved by the control unit 30. The pressure in the steam generator 11 can be obtained by the pressure sensor 13.

[0097] By controlling the flow control valve 50 and the electric heater 12, based on the relationship between the two and in combination with the pressure data monitored by the pressure sensor 13, the pressure fluctuation amplitude during the flow regulation process can be effectively reduced through the negative feedback effect, thereby achieving a fast and accurate flow regulation function.

[0098] In some embodiments, the control unit 30 may include a PID control module, and through PID control, automatic adjustment of the output power of the electric heater 12 and / or automatic adjustment of the opening of the flow control valve 50 is achieved.

[0099] For example, in step S2, the electric heater 12 preheats the saturated water in the steam generator 11, which can be achieved through PID control, so that according to the target pressure value, the saturated water in the steam generator 11 is gradually heated and vaporized to a gas-liquid two-phase saturated state corresponding to the target pressure value. The PID control can also automatically reduce the output power of the electric heater 12 after reaching the target pressure value, or even gradually reduce it to a shutdown state.

[0100] It should be understood that the PID control in this process can be achieved through existing technologies and will not be elaborated in detail here.

[0101] For another example, in step S3, the opening of the flow control valve 50 can also be controlled by PID control, based on the target flow and the pressure difference on both sides, to adjust the opening in a negative feedback manner to maintain the flow at the target flow.

[0102] It should be understood that the PID control in this process can also be achieved through existing technologies, which will not be elaborated in detail here.

[0103] In some embodiments, in step S3, the corresponding relationship between the output power and target flow of the electric heater 12 can be obtained by formula 1:

[0104]

[0105] Wherein, F is the output power of the electric heater 12; G s is the target flow rate corresponding to the simulated working condition; H g is the saturated steam enthalpy at the target pressure corresponding to the simulated working condition; H f is the saturated water enthalpy value at the target pressure corresponding to the simulation condition; V g V is the specific volume of saturated steam at the target pressure corresponding to the simulated working condition; f is the saturated water specific volume at the target pressure corresponding to the simulation condition.

[0106] like Figure 3 As shown, for the steam generation experimental device 1 having a steam exhaust pipeline 24, step S3 may include:

[0107] Step S31, control the flow regulating valve 50 on the steam exhaust gas pipeline 24 so that the steam exhaust gas pipeline 24 discharges steam to the outside at a target flow rate. Control the electric heater 12 so that the electric heater 12 heats the saturated water in the steam generator 11 at an output power corresponding to the target flow rate to maintain the pressure in the steam generator 11 at the target pressure.

[0108] Step S32, control the flow regulating valve 50 on the main steam injection pipeline 21 and / or the auxiliary steam injection pipeline 22, and close the flow regulating valve 50 on the steam exhaust gas pipeline 24. Control the electric heater 12 so that the electric heater 12 heats the saturated water in the steam generator 11 with an output power corresponding to the target flow rate, so as to maintain the pressure in the steam generator 11 at the target pressure.

[0109] It should be understood that, for switching between the steam exhaust pipeline 24 and the main steam injection pipeline 21 and / or the auxiliary steam injection pipeline 22, the pipeline can be put into operation or shut down by opening and closing the isolation valve 60, and the flow rate can be adjusted by controlling the opening of the relevant flow regulating valve 50.

[0110] For example, the isolation valve 60 of the steam exhaust gas pipeline 24 may be closed later than the isolation valve 60 of the main steam injection pipeline 21 and / or the auxiliary steam injection pipeline 22. When the isolation valves 60 of both switching sides are in the open state, the flow regulating valve 50 of the steam exhaust gas pipeline 24 is gradually closed to achieve the gradual closing of the steam exhaust gas pipeline 24. At the same time, the flow regulating valve 50 on the main steam injection pipeline 21 and / or the auxiliary steam injection pipeline 22 is gradually opened to achieve the gradual opening of the main steam injection pipeline 21 and / or the auxiliary steam injection pipeline 22.

[0111] In this gradual switching process, the electric heater 12 can stabilize the pressure in the steam generator 11 at the target pressure by controlling the output power. Compared with direct and thorough switching, the gradual switching method can also reduce the fluctuation amplitude of the output flow, thereby reducing the pressure fluctuation amplitude during the flow regulation process, and realizing the precise flow regulation function.

[0112] like Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, step S3 may also include:

[0113] Step S30: Determine the pipeline where the steam injection unit 20 is deployed according to the simulated working condition.

[0114] It should be understood that the pipeline deployed for the steam injection unit 20 can be determined based on the maximum flow rate that the pipeline can operate and the size of the target flow rate.

[0115] Furthermore, if the steam generation experimental device 1 does not have a steam exhaust pipeline 24, the step S3 may also include:

[0116] Step S32: Control the flow regulating valve 50 on the pipeline where the steam injection unit 20 is placed, so that the steam injection unit 20 outputs steam at a target flow rate. Control the electric heater 12, so that the electric heater 12 heats the saturated water in the steam generator 11 with an output power corresponding to the target flow rate, so as to maintain the pressure in the steam generator 11 at the target pressure.

[0117] If the steam generation experimental device 1 is provided with a steam exhaust pipeline 24, the step S3 may further include:

[0118] Step S31, control the flow regulating valve 50 on the steam exhaust gas pipeline 24 so that the steam exhaust gas pipeline 24 discharges steam to the outside at a target flow rate. Control the electric heater 12 so that the electric heater 12 heats the saturated water in the steam generator 11 at an output power corresponding to the target flow rate to maintain the pressure in the steam generator 11 at the target pressure.

[0119] Step S32, control the flow regulating valve 50 on the pipeline where the steam injection unit 20 is placed, and close the flow regulating valve 50 on the steam exhaust gas pipeline 24. Control the electric heater 12 so that the electric heater 12 heats the saturated water in the steam generator 11 with an output power corresponding to the target flow rate, so as to maintain the pressure in the steam generator 11 at the target pressure.

[0120] It can be understood that the above-mentioned technical features can be used in any combination without limitation.

[0121] The above embodiments only express the specific implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present application. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, without departing from the concept of the present application, the above-mentioned technical features can be freely combined, and several deformations and improvements can be made, which all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, all equivalent changes and modifications made to the scope of the claims of the present application should belong to the scope covered by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A steam generation experimental device, characterized in that: include: A steam generation simulation unit (10) comprising a steam generating body (11), a pressure sensor (13) arranged on the steam generating body (11), and at least one electric heater (12); A steam injection unit (20) comprises a steam injection main pipeline (23), a main steam injection pipeline (21) whose outlet end is connected to the containment simulation body (2), and an auxiliary steam injection pipeline (22); the inlet end of the steam injection main pipeline (23) is connected to the steam generating body (11), and the outlet end is respectively connected to the inlet end of the main steam injection pipeline (21) and the inlet end of the auxiliary steam injection pipeline (22); the main steam injection pipeline (21) and the auxiliary steam injection pipeline (22) are respectively provided with flow control valves (50); as well as A control unit (30) for stabilizing the internal pressure of the steam generator (11) is electrically connected to the pressure sensor (13), the at least one electric heater (12), and the flow regulating valve (50), respectively.

2. The steam generation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main steam injection pipeline (21) comprises a large-flow steam injection pipeline (211) and a small-flow steam injection pipeline (212) connected in parallel; the large-flow steam injection pipeline (211) and the small-flow steam injection pipeline (212) are respectively provided with the flow regulating valve (50).

3. The steam generation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric heater (12) is an on-off electric heater or a proportional electric heater.

4. The steam generation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A steam-water separator (40) is provided on the steam injection main pipeline (23).

5. The steam generation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steam injection unit (20) further comprises a steam exhaust pipeline (24) for discharging steam to the outside; the inlet end of the steam exhaust pipeline (24) is connected to the steam injection main pipeline (23); the steam exhaust pipeline (24) is also provided with the flow regulating valve (50) electrically connected to the control unit (30).

6. The steam generation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main steam injection pipeline (21), the auxiliary steam injection pipeline (22) and the steam exhaust pipeline (24) are respectively provided with a fast opening and closing isolation valve (60), and the isolation valve (60) is electrically connected to the control unit (30).

7. A containment experiment system, characterized in that: It comprises a containment simulation body (2) and a steam generation experimental device (1) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6; the output end of the steam generation experimental device (1) is connected to the containment simulation body (2).

8. A flow control method, applied to the steam generation experimental device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The flow control method comprises the following steps: Step S1, setting a target pressure of the steam generator (11) and a target flow rate of the steam injection unit (20) according to a simulated working condition; Step S2, controlling the at least one electric heater (12) to heat the saturated water in the steam generator (11) so as to increase the pressure in the steam generator (11) to the target pressure; Step S3, controlling the flow regulating valve (50) so that the steam injection unit (20) outputs steam at a target flow rate; controlling the electric heater (12) so that the electric heater (12) heats the saturated water in the steam generator (11) at an output power corresponding to the target flow rate, so as to maintain the pressure in the steam generator (11) at the target pressure.

9. The flow control method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The control unit (30) comprises a PID control module; In step S2 and / or step S3, the PID control module automatically controls the output power of the electric heater (12) and / or the opening of the flow regulating valve (50).

10. The flow control method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the step S3, the corresponding relationship between the output power and the target flow rate is obtained by formula 1; Wherein, F is the output power; G s is the target flow; H g is the saturated steam enthalpy corresponding to the target pressure; H f is the saturated water enthalpy corresponding to the target pressure; V g is the specific volume of saturated steam corresponding to the target pressure; V f is the saturated water specific volume corresponding to the target pressure.

11. The flow control method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The steam injection unit (20) further comprises a steam exhaust pipeline (24) for discharging steam to the outside; the inlet end of the steam exhaust pipeline (24) is connected to the steam injection main pipeline (23); the steam exhaust pipeline (24) is also provided with the flow regulating valve (50) electrically connected to the control unit (30); The step S3 comprises: Step S31, controlling the flow regulating valve (50) on the steam exhaust pipeline (24) so ​​that the steam exhaust pipeline (24) discharges steam to the outside at a target flow rate; controlling the electric heater (12) so that the electric heater (12) heats the saturated water in the steam generator (11) at an output power corresponding to the target flow rate so as to maintain the pressure in the steam generator (11) at the target pressure; Step S32, control the flow regulating valve (50) on the main steam injection pipeline (21) and / or the auxiliary steam injection pipeline (22), and close the flow regulating valve (50) on the steam exhaust pipeline (24); control the electric heater (12) so that the electric heater (12) heats the saturated water in the steam generator (11) with an output power corresponding to the target flow rate, so as to maintain the pressure in the steam generator (11) at the target pressure.

12. The flow control method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The step S3 further comprises: Step S30, determining the pipeline for deploying the steam injection unit (20) according to the simulated working condition; Step S32, controlling the flow regulating valve (50) on the pipeline where the steam injection unit (20) is deployed, so that the steam injection unit (20) outputs steam at a target flow rate; controlling the electric heater (12), so that the electric heater (12) heats the saturated water in the steam generator (11) with an output power corresponding to the target flow rate, so as to maintain the pressure in the steam generator (11) at the target pressure.

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