Loosening blasting method for hard rock roadway and loosening blasting device for hard rock roadway

Abstract

The invention provides a hard rock roadway loose blasting method and a hard rock roadway loose blasting device. The loose blasting method comprises the steps that a plurality of historical blasting schemes, preset construction conditions of a hard rock roadway and geomechanical parameters of the hard rock roadway are obtained; determining a plurality of production rules of the plurality of historical blasting schemes according to the plurality of historical blasting schemes and a production expression method; according to the multiple production rules and preset construction conditions, an initial blasting scheme of the hard rock roadway is determined, and the initial blasting scheme has initial blasting parameters; according to the initial blasting parameters, the geomechanical parameters and a first preset relational expression, target blasting parameters are determined to obtain a target blasting scheme; according to the target blasting scheme, a construction instruction is generated and sent to a blasting control system, and the construction instruction is used for indicating the blasting control system to conduct blasting operation. According to the invention, the problems that the rock caving distance is long and the overall tunneling speed of the roadheader is influenced in the prior art are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel mining, and in particular to a loosening blasting method for a hard rock tunnel, a loosening blasting device for a hard rock tunnel, a computer-readable storage medium, and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, although more and more operation lines using multi-purpose tunneling machines for rock tunnel excavation have been used, greatly improving the tunnel excavation speed, due to the different Proctor coefficients of each layer of rock, when using the multi-purpose tunneling machine to cut, encountering hard rock brings great difficulties to the cutting of the multi-purpose tunneling machine. At the same time, the clamping effect of the surrounding rock around the coal mine rock tunnel excavation working face is strong, which not only greatly reduces the excavation speed, but also increases the consumption of cutting teeth, causing great economic losses.

[0003] At present, in order to solve the technical problem of serious consumption of cutting teeth in the process of cutting hard rocks by tunnel boring machines, the slot blasting method is usually used to loosen the rocks to facilitate the cutting operation of the tunnel boring machine. However, the rock collapse distance caused by slot blasting is long, which makes it difficult to protect nearby equipment. In addition, the rate of large blocks of rock caused by slot blasting is relatively high, so the overall excavation speed of the tunnel boring machine is still not high.

[0004] Therefore, a new rock loosening blasting method is urgently needed to at least solve the problem in the prior art that the rock collapses over a long distance and affects the overall excavation speed of the comprehensive excavation machine. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a loosening blasting method for a hard rock tunnel, a loosening blasting device for a hard rock tunnel, a computer-readable storage medium and an electronic device, so as to at least solve the problem in the prior art that the rock collapses over a long distance and affects the overall excavation speed of the comprehensive excavation machine.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to one aspect of the present application, a loosening blasting method for a hard rock tunnel is provided, comprising: obtaining multiple historical blasting schemes, preset construction conditions of the hard rock tunnel and geomechanical parameters of the hard rock tunnel; determining multiple production rules of the multiple historical blasting schemes according to the multiple historical blasting schemes and production expression methods; determining an initial blasting scheme for the hard rock tunnel according to the multiple production rules and the preset construction conditions, the initial blasting scheme having initial blasting parameters; determining target blasting parameters according to the initial blasting parameters, geomechanical parameters and a first preset relationship to obtain a target blasting scheme; generating a construction instruction according to the target blasting scheme and sending it to a blasting control system, the construction instruction being used to instruct the blasting control system to perform a blasting operation.

[0007] Optionally, determining target blasting parameters according to initial blasting parameters, geomechanical parameters and a first preset relationship includes: determining first blasting parameters according to the initial blasting parameters, geomechanical parameters and the first preset relationship; determining target blasting parameters according to an average value of the initial blasting parameters and the first blasting parameters.

[0008] Optionally, the initial blasting parameters include a blasthole depth and a correction coefficient, the blasthole depth is a depth value of the blasthole set in the initial blasting plan, the geomechanical parameters include a disturbance radius, original rock stress and rock compressive strength, and determining the first blasting parameters according to the initial blasting parameters, the geomechanical parameters and a first preset relationship includes: determining the first blasting parameters according to the disturbance radius, the correction coefficient, the original rock stress, the rock compressive strength and the first preset relationship, and the first preset relationship is:

[0009] L0=βL[(σ c -σ0) / σ c ] 2 ,

[0010] Among them, L0 is the first blasting parameter (i.e., blasthole depth), L is the disturbance radius, β is the correction coefficient, σ0 is the original rock stress, σ c is the compressive strength of rock.

[0011] Optionally, the initial blasting parameters include blasthole spacing, blasthole diameter and quasi-static pressure, the blasthole spacing is the distance between two adjacent blastholes among the multiple blastholes set in the initial blasting plan, the blasthole diameter is the diameter of the blasthole, and the geomechanical parameters include lateral stress coefficient, rock compressive strength and stress attenuation coefficient. Determining the first blasting parameter according to the initial blasting parameter, the geomechanical parameter and a first preset relationship includes: determining the first blasting parameter according to the lateral stress coefficient, the quasi-static pressure, the rock compressive strength, the stress attenuation coefficient, the blasthole diameter and the first preset relationship, and the first preset relationship is:

[0012]

[0013] Among them, a is the first blasting parameter (hole spacing), b is the lateral stress coefficient, p2 is the quasi-static pressure, σ c is the rock compressive strength, α is the stress attenuation coefficient, d b is the borehole diameter.

[0014] Optionally, the initial blasting parameters include a blasthole diameter, a friction coefficient of a plugging material, and a sealing length, the plugging material is used to plug the blasthole set in the initial blasting plan, the sealing length is the length of the plugging material, and the geomechanical parameter is a lateral pressure coefficient. Determining the first blasting parameter according to the initial blasting parameter, the geomechanical parameter, and a first preset relationship includes: determining the first blasting parameter according to the blasthole diameter, the friction coefficient, the lateral pressure coefficient, and the first preset relationship, the first preset relationship being:

[0015] l = d b / fλ,

[0016] Among them, l is the first blasting parameter, d b is the borehole diameter, f is the friction coefficient, and λ is the lateral pressure coefficient.

[0017] Optionally, the loosening blasting method is applied to a drawing system based on an AutoCAD platform, and the loosening blasting method further includes: generating a visualization drawing of the target blasting plan according to the drawing system and the target blasting plan.

[0018] Optionally, based on multiple historical blasting schemes and production expressions, multiple production rules corresponding to multiple historical blasting schemes are determined, including: obtaining multiple historical blasting parameters of multiple historical blasting schemes, each historical blasting scheme having multiple historical blasting parameters; based on the multiple historical blasting parameters and production expressions of each historical blasting scheme, determining multiple production rules corresponding one-to-one to the multiple historical blasting parameters in each historical blasting scheme.

[0019] According to another aspect of the present application, a loosening blasting device for a hard rock tunnel is provided, comprising: an acquisition module for acquiring a plurality of historical blasting schemes, preset construction conditions of the hard rock tunnel and geomechanical parameters of the hard rock tunnel; a first determination module for determining a plurality of production rules of the plurality of historical blasting schemes according to the plurality of historical blasting schemes and production expressions; a second determination module for determining an initial blasting scheme for the hard rock tunnel according to the plurality of production rules and the preset construction conditions, the initial blasting scheme having initial blasting parameters; a third determination module for determining target blasting parameters according to the initial blasting parameters, geomechanical parameters and a first preset relationship to obtain a target blasting scheme; an execution module for generating a construction instruction according to the target blasting scheme and sending it to a blasting control system, the construction instruction being used to instruct the blasting control system to perform a blasting operation.

[0020] According to another aspect of the present application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, the computer-readable storage medium including a stored program, wherein when the program is executed, a device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute any one of the loosening blasting methods for hard rock tunnels.

[0021] According to another aspect of the present application, an electronic device is provided, comprising: one or more processors, a memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and are configured to be executed by the one or more processors, and the one or more programs include methods for executing any kind of loosening blasting method for hard rock tunnels.

[0022] By applying the technical solution of the present application, a loosening blasting method for a hard rock tunnel is provided. The loosening blasting method can establish a series of production rules in combination with production expression method when multiple historical blasting schemes are obtained. The above series of production rules represent blasting strategies under different conditions; when the preset construction conditions of the hard rock tunnel are obtained, a preliminary blasting scheme can be generated for the hard rock tunnel in combination with the above series of production rules. The preliminary blasting scheme includes initial blasting parameters. Furthermore, when the geomechanical parameters of the hard rock tunnel are obtained, the initial blasting parameters can be optimized based on these geomechanical parameters, the above initial blasting parameters and the first preset relationship, and the target blasting parameters can be generated, thereby obtaining a more accurate and more effective target blasting scheme. Finally, according to the optimized target blasting scheme, the corresponding construction instructions are generated and sent to the blasting control system so that the blasting control system performs blasting operations. In summary, since the initial blasting parameters of the hard rock tunnel are optimized in this application, a large number of cracks can be generated inside the hard rock tunnel after the blasting operation, rather than causing the complete collapse of the hard rock tunnel, thereby effectively controlling the distance of flying rocks after the blasting, avoiding the generation of large rocks, and reducing the direct impact on the comprehensive excavation equipment. At the same time, by controlling the amount of dust generated by the blasting, the working environment of the excavation workers is further improved, and the safety of equipment and personnel is protected. In addition, due to the presence of prestressed cracks in the rock after blasting, the comprehensive excavator will be easier to cut, reducing the loss and replacement frequency of the pick teeth, improving the working efficiency of the comprehensive excavator, and significantly improving the speed of tunnel excavation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The drawings constituting part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 A hardware structure block diagram of a mobile terminal for performing a loosening blasting method for a hard rock tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0025] Figure 2 A schematic flow chart of a loosening blasting method for a hard rock tunnel provided according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0026] Figure 3A structural block diagram of a loosening blasting device for a hard rock tunnel provided according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0028] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0029] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequential order. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described here. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0030] For the convenience of description, some nouns or terms involved in the embodiments of the present application are explained below:

[0031] Production expression is a knowledge representation method in the field of artificial intelligence and computer science, which is mainly used to express condition-action knowledge or rules, that is, what actions should be taken or what conclusions should be drawn under specific conditions. The production system consists of a set of production rules, each of which is expressed in the form of "if...then...", where the "if" part is called the antecedent or conditional part, and the "then" part is called the consequent or action part. As introduced in the background technology, in order to solve the technical problem of serious consumption of pick teeth in the process of cutting hard rocks by a comprehensive excavation machine in the prior art, a slot blasting method is usually used to loosen the rock to facilitate the cutting operation of the comprehensive excavation machine. However, due to the long rock collapse distance of slot blasting, it is difficult to protect nearby equipment, and the large rock block rate of slot blasting is high, so that the overall excavation speed of the comprehensive excavation machine is still not high. In order to solve the problem that the rock collapse distance is long and affects the overall excavation speed of the comprehensive excavation machine in the prior art, the embodiments of the present application provide a loosening blasting method for a hard rock tunnel, a loosening blasting device for a hard rock tunnel, a computer-readable storage medium and an electronic device.

[0032] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] The method embodiments provided in the embodiments of the present application can be executed in a mobile terminal, a computer terminal or a similar computing device. Taking running on a mobile terminal as an example, Figure 1 1 is a hardware structure block diagram of a mobile terminal for a loosening blasting method for a hard rock tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the mobile terminal may include one or more ( Figure 1 Only one is shown in the figure) a processor 102 (the processor 102 may include but is not limited to a processing device such as a microprocessor MCU or a programmable logic device FPGA) and a memory 104 for storing data, wherein the mobile terminal may also include a transmission device 106 and an input / output device 108 for communication functions. It can be understood by those skilled in the art that Figure 1 The structure shown is only for illustration and does not limit the structure of the mobile terminal. Figure 1 More or fewer components as shown, or with Figure 1 Different configurations shown.

[0034] The memory 104 can be used to store computer programs, for example, software programs and modules of application software, such as the computer program corresponding to the loosening blasting method of the hard rock tunnel in the embodiment of the present invention. The processor 102 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the computer program stored in the memory 104, that is, the above method is implemented. The memory 104 may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or other non-volatile solid-state memory. In some examples, the memory 104 may further include a memory remotely arranged relative to the processor 102, and these remote memories can be connected to the mobile terminal via a network. Examples of the above-mentioned network include but are not limited to the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and a combination thereof. The transmission device 106 is used to receive or send data via a network. The above-mentioned specific examples of the network may include a wireless network provided by a communication provider of the mobile terminal. In one example, the transmission device 106 includes a network adapter (Network Interface Controller, referred to as NIC), which can be connected to other network devices through a base station so as to communicate with the Internet. In one example, the transmission device 106 may be a radio frequency (RF) module, which is used to communicate with the Internet wirelessly.

[0035] In this embodiment, a loosening blasting method for a hard rock tunnel running on a mobile terminal, a computer terminal or a similar computing device is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in an order different from that shown here.

[0036] Figure 2 Flow chart of the loosening blasting method for hard rock tunnel according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 As shown, the method comprises the following steps:

[0037] Step S201, obtaining a plurality of historical blasting schemes, preset construction conditions of hard rock tunnels, and geomechanical parameters of hard rock tunnels;

[0038] Specifically, a plurality of historical blasting plans may come from typical tunnel comprehensive excavation hard rock blasting excavation examples in different regions.

[0039] Each historical blasting plan may include multiple historical blasting parameters.

[0040] Step S202, determining multiple production rules of multiple historical blasting schemes according to multiple historical blasting schemes and production expression methods;

[0041] Specifically, multiple historical blasting parameters include tunnel cross-sectional area, blasthole depth, blasthole spacing and sealing length. The blasthole depth is the depth value of the blasthole set in the historical blasting plan. The blasthole can be blocked with blocking materials. The blasthole spacing is the distance between two adjacent blastholes. The sealing length is the length of the blocking material used to block the blasthole.

[0042] Specifically, different tunnel cross-sectional areas may correspond to different production rules; different blasthole depths may correspond to different production rules; different blasthole spacings may correspond to different production rules; and different sealing mud lengths may correspond to different production rules.

[0043] Optionally, in order to obtain multiple production rules corresponding one-to-one to multiple historical blasting parameters in each historical blasting scheme, multiple production rules of multiple historical blasting schemes are determined according to multiple historical blasting schemes and production expressions, including: obtaining multiple historical blasting parameters of multiple historical blasting schemes; determining multiple production rules corresponding one-to-one to multiple historical blasting parameters in each historical blasting scheme according to multiple historical blasting parameters and production expressions of each historical blasting scheme.

[0044] Exemplarily, the multiple production rules of the multiple historical blasting solutions may be:

[0045] In the case where the historical blasting parameter is the tunnel cross-sectional area, the multiple production rules of the multiple historical blasting schemes can be as follows: determine whether the tunnel cross-sectional area in the target historical blasting scheme is in the first preset interval, and obtain a first judgment result; when the first judgment result is yes, determine that the production rule corresponding to the tunnel cross-sectional area in the target historical blasting scheme is X1. Further, in the case of the first judgment result being yes, determine whether the tunnel cross-sectional area in the target historical blasting scheme is in the second preset interval, and obtain a second judgment result; when the second judgment result indicates yes, determine that the production formula corresponding to the tunnel cross-sectional area in the target historical blasting scheme is X2. Further, in the case of the second judgment result indicating no, determine whether the tunnel cross-sectional area in the target historical blasting scheme is in the third preset interval, and obtain a third judgment result; when the third judgment result indicates yes, determine that the production formula corresponding to the tunnel cross-sectional area in the target historical blasting scheme is X3. Further, in the case of the third judgment result indicating no, determine that the production formula corresponding to the tunnel cross-sectional area in the target historical blasting scheme is X4.

[0046] For example, the first preset interval can be less than 10㎡; the second preset interval can be greater than or equal to 10㎡ and less than 15㎡, that is, [10-15); the third preset interval can be greater than or equal to 15㎡ and less than or equal to 20㎡, that is, [15-20]. On this basis, X1 represents that the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel is less than 10㎡; X2 represents that the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel is 10-15㎡; X3 represents that the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel is 15-20㎡; and X4 represents that the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel is greater than 20㎡.

[0047] And so on:

[0048] In the case where the historical blasting parameter is the blasthole depth, the multiple production rules of the multiple historical blasting plans can be as follows: determine whether the blasthole depth in the target historical blasting plan is within a fourth preset interval to obtain a fourth judgment result; if the fourth judgment result is yes, determine that the production rule corresponding to the blasthole depth in the target historical blasting plan is X x1 ; Further, if the fourth judgment result is yes, it is determined whether the blasthole depth in the target historical blasting plan is within the fifth preset interval to obtain a fifth judgment result; if the fifth judgment result indicates yes, it is determined that the production formula corresponding to the blasthole depth in the target historical blasting plan is X x2 ; Further, when the fifth judgment result indicates no, it is determined whether the blasthole depth in the target historical blasting plan is within the sixth preset interval to obtain a sixth judgment result; when the sixth judgment result indicates yes, it is determined that the production formula corresponding to the blasthole depth in the target historical blasting plan is X x3 Further, when the sixth judgment result indicates no, the production formula corresponding to the blasthole depth in the target historical blasting plan is determined to be X x4 .

[0049] For example, the fourth preset interval may be less than 1m; the fifth preset interval may be greater than or equal to 1m and less than 1.5m, that is, [1-1.5); the sixth preset interval may be greater than or equal to 1.5m and less than or equal to 2m, that is, [1.5-2]. On this basis, X x1 Indicates that the blasthole depth is less than 1.0m; X x2 Indicates that the blasthole depth is 1m-1.5m; X x3 Indicates that the blasthole depth is 1.5m-2.0m; X x4 It means that the blasthole depth is greater than 2.0m.

[0050] In the case where the historical blasting parameter is the blasthole spacing, the multiple production rules of the multiple historical blasting schemes can be as follows: determine whether the blasthole spacing in the target historical blasting scheme is within the seventh preset interval to obtain a seventh judgment result; if the seventh judgment result is yes, determine that the production rule corresponding to the blasthole spacing in the target historical blasting scheme is Xxx1 ; Further, if the seventh judgment result is yes, it is determined whether the blasthole spacing in the target historical blasting plan is within the eighth preset interval to obtain an eighth judgment result; if the eighth judgment result indicates yes, it is determined that the production formula corresponding to the blasthole spacing in the target historical blasting plan is X xx2 Further, when the eighth judgment result indicates no, the production formula corresponding to the blasthole spacing in the target historical blasting plan is determined to be X xx3 .

[0051] For example, the seventh preset interval may be less than 0.5 m; the eighth preset interval may be greater than or equal to 0.5 m and less than 1.0 m, that is, [0.5-1.0). On this basis, X xx1 Indicates that the distance between blastholes is less than 0.5m; X xx2 The blasthole spacing is 0.5-1.0m; X xx3 It means that the distance between blastholes is greater than 1.0m.

[0052] In the case where the historical blasting parameter is the sealing mud length, the multiple production rules of the multiple historical blasting schemes can be as follows: determine whether the sealing mud length in the target historical blasting scheme is within the ninth preset interval to obtain a ninth judgment result; if the ninth judgment result is yes, determine that the production rule corresponding to the sealing mud length in the target historical blasting scheme is X xxx1 ; Further, if the ninth judgment result is yes, it is determined whether the sealing mud length in the target historical blasting scheme is within the tenth preset interval to obtain the tenth judgment result; if the tenth judgment result indicates yes, it is determined that the production formula corresponding to the sealing mud length in the target historical blasting scheme is X xxx2 ; Further, when the tenth judgment result indicates no, the production formula corresponding to the sealing mud length in the target historical blasting plan is determined to be X xxx3 .

[0053] For example, the ninth preset interval may be less than 0.5 m; the tenth preset interval may be greater than or equal to 0.5 m and less than 1.0 m, that is, [0.5-1.0). On this basis, X xxx1 Indicates that the length of the seal is less than 0.5m; X xxx2 The length of the seal is 0.5-1.0m; X xxx3 It means that the length of the seal is greater than 1.0m.

[0054] In summary, when there are 144 historical blasting plans collected, all 144 historical blasting plans can be classified and refined, and divided into the above four levels in total.

[0055] Step S203, determining an initial blasting plan for the hard rock tunnel according to a plurality of production rules and preset construction conditions, wherein the initial blasting plan has initial blasting parameters;

[0056] Specifically, the preset construction conditions may include a preset tunnel cross-sectional area, a preset blasthole depth, a preset blasthole spacing, and a preset mud sealing length. When the preset construction conditions are matched with a plurality of production rules, a historical blasting scheme with the highest degree of matching with the preset construction conditions may be obtained from a plurality of historical blasting schemes as an initial blasting scheme. On this basis, the historical blasting parameters corresponding to the historical blasting scheme with the highest degree of matching with the preset construction conditions may be used as the initial blasting parameters of the initial blasting parameters.

[0057] Step S204, determining target blasting parameters according to the initial blasting parameters, the geomechanical parameters and the first preset relationship to obtain a target blasting plan;

[0058] Specifically, when the above initial blasting parameters are determined, by obtaining the geomechanical parameters of the hard rock tunnel, the above initial blasting parameters and geomechanical parameters can be substituted into the first preset relationship to determine the target blasting parameters. In this way, the target blasting parameters can be more suitable for the hard rock tunnel, and the loosening blasting quality and excavation speed of the hard rock tunnel can be improved.

[0059] Specifically, in order to reduce the error caused by a single data point, the target blasting parameters are determined according to the initial blasting parameters, geomechanical parameters and a first preset relationship, including: determining the first blasting parameters according to the initial blasting parameters, geomechanical parameters and the first preset relationship; determining the target blasting parameters according to the average value of the initial blasting parameters and the first blasting parameters.

[0060] Optionally, the initial blasting parameters include a blasthole depth and a correction coefficient. In order to optimize the blasthole depth in the initial blasting scheme of the hard rock tunnel, the geomechanical parameters include a disturbance radius, original rock stress and rock compressive strength. According to the initial blasting parameters, the geomechanical parameters and a first preset relationship, determining the first blasting parameters includes: determining the first blasting parameters according to the disturbance radius, the correction coefficient, the original rock stress, the rock compressive strength and the first preset relationship, and the first preset relationship is:

[0061] L0=βL[(σ c -σ0) / σ c ] 2 ,

[0062] Among them, L0 is the first blasting parameter (i.e., blasthole depth), L is the disturbance radius, β is the correction coefficient, σ0 is the original rock stress, σ c is the compressive strength of rock.

[0063] Specifically,

[0064] wherein, is the internal friction angle of the rock in the hard rock roadway, and k is the ratio of the uniaxial compressive strength to the tensile strength of the original rock.

[0065] Exemplarily, the roadway section can be an arched section, and the correction coefficient β of the arched section can be taken as 1.3.

[0066] It should be noted here that the disturbance radius is the distance from the maximum disturbance stress to the end of the hard rock roadway. By setting the hole depth less than the disturbance radius (i.e., L < L0), the deformation of the rock in the hard rock roadway after blasting can be stably released by the new section.

[0067] Optionally, the initial blasting parameters include the hole spacing, hole diameter, and quasi-static pressure. To optimize the hole spacing in the initial blasting scheme of the hard rock roadway, the hole diameter is the diameter of the hole, and the geomechanical parameters include the lateral stress coefficient, rock compressive strength, and stress attenuation coefficient. According to the initial blasting parameters, geomechanical parameters, and the first preset relationship, the first blasting parameter is determined, including: according to the lateral stress coefficient, quasi-static pressure, rock compressive strength, stress attenuation coefficient, hole diameter, and the first preset relationship, the first blasting parameter is determined. The first preset relationship is:

[0068]

[0069] wherein, a is the first blasting parameter (hole spacing), b is the lateral stress coefficient, p2 is the quasi-static pressure, σ c is the rock compressive strength, α is the stress attenuation coefficient, d b is the hole diameter.

[0070] It should be noted here that since the hole spacing can directly affect the surrounding rock damage and stress disturbance range of the hard rock roadway, the hole spacing of the hard rock roadway can be controlled as the above first blasting parameter a.

[0071] Optionally, the initial blasting parameters include the hole diameter, friction coefficient of the stemming material, and stemming length. To optimize the stemming length in the initial blasting scheme of the hard rock roadway, the geomechanical parameter is the lateral pressure coefficient. According to the initial blasting parameters, geomechanical parameters, and the first preset relationship, the first blasting parameter is determined, including: according to the hole diameter, friction coefficient, lateral pressure coefficient, and the first preset relationship, the first blasting parameter is determined. The first preset relationship is:

[0072] l = d b / fλ,

[0073] wherein, l is the first blasting parameter, d b is the hole diameter, f is the friction coefficient, and λ is the lateral pressure coefficient.

[0074] It is explained here that in order for the energy released by the explosive blasting to fully act on the hole wall of the blasthole and reduce the temperature and pressure of the blasting gas escaping from the free surface, the sealing length of the hard rock tunnel can be controlled to be the above-mentioned first blasting parameter l.

[0075] Step S205: Generate a construction instruction according to the target blasting plan and send it to the blasting control system. The construction instruction is used to instruct the blasting control system to perform blasting operations.

[0076] Through this embodiment, when multiple historical blasting plans are obtained, a series of production rules can be established in combination with the production expression method, and the above series of production rules represent blasting strategies under different conditions; when the preset construction conditions of the hard rock tunnel are obtained, a preliminary blasting plan can be generated for the hard rock tunnel in combination with the above series of production rules, and the preliminary blasting plan includes initial blasting parameters. Further, when the geomechanical parameters of the hard rock tunnel are obtained, the initial blasting parameters can be optimized based on these geomechanical parameters, the above initial blasting parameters and the first preset relationship, and the target blasting parameters can be generated, thereby obtaining a more accurate and more effective target blasting plan. Finally, according to the optimized target blasting plan, the corresponding construction instructions are generated and sent to the blasting control system so that the blasting control system performs blasting operations. In summary, since the initial blasting parameters of the hard rock tunnel are optimized in this application, a large number of cracks can be generated inside the hard rock tunnel after the blasting operation, rather than causing the complete collapse of the hard rock tunnel, thereby effectively controlling the distance of flying rocks after the blasting, avoiding the generation of large rocks, and reducing the direct impact on the comprehensive excavation equipment. At the same time, by controlling the amount of dust generated by the blasting, the working environment of the excavation workers is further improved, and the safety of equipment and personnel is protected. In addition, due to the presence of prestressed cracks in the rock after blasting, the comprehensive excavator will be easier to cut, reducing the loss and replacement frequency of the pick teeth, improving the working efficiency of the comprehensive excavator, and significantly improving the speed of tunnel excavation.

[0077] During the specific implementation process, in order to intuitively display the distribution position, depth, angle of the blastholes and their relationship with other structures, help blasting designers and construction personnel understand the blasting plan more clearly and reduce errors caused by misunderstanding, the loosening blasting method is applied to a drawing system based on the AutoCAD platform. The loosening blasting method also includes: generating a visual drawing of the target blasting plan based on the drawing system and the target blasting plan.

[0078] Of course, when the loose blasting method is applied to a drawing system based on the AutoCAD platform, a blasting efficiency parameter table and a blasting instruction manual can also be generated according to the drawing system and the target blasting plan. For example, the visualization drawings, blasting efficiency parameter tables and blasting instructions can be numbered and saved according to the above production rules.

[0079] In some optional implementations, the size of the uncoupling coefficient has a significant effect on the blast cracks. When the charge is uncoupled, the air shock wave in the hole wall will be reflected, which increases the time for the stress wave to act, weakens the stress wave, and increases the range of the crack zone. Optionally, when the uncoupled charge coefficient is 1.67, the number of cracks generated by the stress wave and the extension length are the best.

[0080] In some optional implementations, the charge amount of the blasthole is determined according to the properties of the rock around the blasthole, and the pre-splitting blasting loosening coefficient is between 0.35 and 0.65.

[0081] In some optional embodiments, in order to avoid punching caused by water accumulation at the bottom of the blasthole when drilling, a forward detonating charge is used.

[0082] The embodiment of the present application also provides a loosening blasting device for a hard rock tunnel. It should be noted that the loosening blasting device for a hard rock tunnel in the embodiment of the present application can be used to execute the loosening blasting method for a hard rock tunnel provided in the embodiment of the present application. The device is used to implement the above-mentioned embodiments and preferred implementation modes, and the descriptions that have been made will not be repeated. As used below, the term "module" can implement a combination of software and / or hardware for a predetermined function. Although the devices described in the following embodiments are preferably implemented in software, the implementation of hardware, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and conceived.

[0083] The following is an introduction to the loosening blasting device for hard rock tunnels provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0084] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a loosening blasting device for a hard rock tunnel according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 As shown, the device comprises:

[0085] An acquisition module 10 is used to acquire a plurality of historical blasting schemes, preset construction conditions of hard rock tunnels, and geomechanical parameters of hard rock tunnels;

[0086] Specifically, a plurality of historical blasting plans may come from typical tunnel comprehensive excavation hard rock blasting excavation examples in different regions.

[0087] Each historical blasting plan may include multiple historical blasting parameters.

[0088] A first determination module 20, for determining a plurality of production rules of a plurality of historical blasting schemes according to a plurality of historical blasting schemes and production expressions;

[0089] Specifically, multiple historical blasting parameters include tunnel cross-sectional area, blasthole depth, blasthole spacing and sealing length. The blasthole depth is the depth value of the blasthole set in the historical blasting plan. The blasthole can be blocked with blocking materials. The blasthole spacing is the distance between two adjacent blastholes. The sealing length is the length of the blocking material used to block the blasthole.

[0090] Specifically, different tunnel cross-sectional areas may correspond to different production rules; different blasthole depths may correspond to different production rules; different blasthole spacings may correspond to different production rules; and different sealing mud lengths may correspond to different production rules.

[0091] Optionally, in order to obtain multiple production rules corresponding one-to-one to multiple historical blasting parameters in each historical blasting plan, the first determination module includes: a first acquisition unit, used to obtain multiple historical blasting parameters of multiple historical blasting plans; a first determination unit, used to determine multiple production rules corresponding one-to-one to multiple historical blasting parameters in each historical blasting plan based on the multiple historical blasting parameters and production expression of each historical blasting plan.

[0092] Exemplarily, the multiple production rules of the multiple historical blasting solutions may be:

[0093] In the case where the historical blasting parameter is the tunnel cross-sectional area, the multiple production rules of the multiple historical blasting schemes can be as follows: determine whether the tunnel cross-sectional area in the target historical blasting scheme is in the first preset interval, and obtain a first judgment result; when the first judgment result is yes, determine that the production rule corresponding to the tunnel cross-sectional area in the target historical blasting scheme is X1. Further, in the case of the first judgment result being yes, determine whether the tunnel cross-sectional area in the target historical blasting scheme is in the second preset interval, and obtain a second judgment result; when the second judgment result indicates yes, determine that the production formula corresponding to the tunnel cross-sectional area in the target historical blasting scheme is X2. Further, in the case of the second judgment result indicating no, determine whether the tunnel cross-sectional area in the target historical blasting scheme is in the third preset interval, and obtain a third judgment result; when the third judgment result indicates yes, determine that the production formula corresponding to the tunnel cross-sectional area in the target historical blasting scheme is X3. Further, in the case of the third judgment result indicating no, determine that the production formula corresponding to the tunnel cross-sectional area in the target historical blasting scheme is X4.

[0094] For example, the first preset interval may be less than 10 m2; the second preset interval may be greater than or equal to 10 m2 and less than 15 m2, that is, [10-15); the third preset interval may be greater than or equal to 15 m2 and less than or equal to 20 m2, that is, [15-20].

[0095] And so on:

[0096] In the case where the historical blasting parameter is the blasthole depth, the multiple production rules of the multiple historical blasting plans can be as follows: determine whether the blasthole depth in the target historical blasting plan is within a fourth preset interval to obtain a fourth judgment result; if the fourth judgment result is yes, determine that the production rule corresponding to the blasthole depth in the target historical blasting plan is X x1 ; Further, if the fourth judgment result is yes, it is determined whether the blasthole depth in the target historical blasting plan is within the fifth preset interval to obtain a fifth judgment result; if the fifth judgment result indicates yes, it is determined that the production formula corresponding to the blasthole depth in the target historical blasting plan is X x2 ; Further, when the fifth judgment result indicates no, it is determined whether the blasthole depth in the target historical blasting plan is within the sixth preset interval to obtain a sixth judgment result; when the sixth judgment result indicates yes, it is determined that the production formula corresponding to the blasthole depth in the target historical blasting plan is X x3 Further, when the sixth judgment result indicates no, the production formula corresponding to the blasthole depth in the target historical blasting plan is determined to be X x4 .

[0097] For example, the fourth preset interval may be less than 1m; the fifth preset interval may be greater than or equal to 1m and less than 1.5m, that is, [1-1.5); the sixth preset interval may be greater than or equal to 1.5m and less than or equal to 2m, that is, [1.5-2].

[0098] In the case where the historical blasting parameter is the blasthole spacing, the multiple production rules of the multiple historical blasting schemes can be as follows: determine whether the blasthole spacing in the target historical blasting scheme is within the seventh preset interval to obtain a seventh judgment result; if the seventh judgment result is yes, determine that the production rule corresponding to the blasthole spacing in the target historical blasting scheme is X xx1 ; Further, if the seventh judgment result is yes, it is determined whether the blasthole spacing in the target historical blasting plan is within the eighth preset interval to obtain an eighth judgment result; if the eighth judgment result indicates yes, it is determined that the production formula corresponding to the blasthole spacing in the target historical blasting plan is X xx2 Further, when the eighth judgment result indicates no, the production formula corresponding to the blasthole spacing in the target historical blasting plan is determined to be X xx3 .

[0099] For example, the seventh preset interval may be less than 0.5 m; the eighth preset interval may be greater than or equal to 0.5 m and less than 1.0 m, that is, [0.5-1.0).

[0100] In the case where the historical blasting parameter is the sealing mud length, the multiple production rules of the multiple historical blasting schemes can be as follows: determine whether the sealing mud length in the target historical blasting scheme is within the ninth preset interval to obtain a ninth judgment result; if the ninth judgment result is yes, determine that the production rule corresponding to the sealing mud length in the target historical blasting scheme is X xxx1 ; Further, if the ninth judgment result is yes, it is determined whether the sealing mud length in the target historical blasting scheme is within the tenth preset interval to obtain the tenth judgment result; if the tenth judgment result indicates yes, it is determined that the production formula corresponding to the sealing mud length in the target historical blasting scheme is X xxx2 ; Further, when the tenth judgment result indicates no, the production formula corresponding to the sealing mud length in the target historical blasting plan is determined to be X xxx3 .

[0101] For example, the ninth preset interval may be less than 0.5 m; the tenth preset interval may be greater than or equal to 0.5 m and less than 1.0 m, that is, [0.5-1.0).

[0102] In summary, when there are 144 historical blasting plans collected, all 144 historical blasting plans can be classified and refined, and divided into the above four levels in total.

[0103] A second determination module 30 is used to determine an initial blasting scheme for a hard rock tunnel according to a plurality of production rules and preset construction conditions, wherein the initial blasting scheme has initial blasting parameters;

[0104] Specifically, the preset construction conditions may include a preset tunnel cross-sectional area, a preset blasthole depth, a preset blasthole spacing, and a preset mud sealing length. When the preset construction conditions are matched with a plurality of production rules, a historical blasting scheme with the highest degree of matching with the preset construction conditions may be obtained from a plurality of historical blasting schemes as an initial blasting scheme. On this basis, the historical blasting parameters corresponding to the historical blasting scheme with the highest degree of matching with the preset construction conditions may be used as the initial blasting parameters of the initial blasting parameters.

[0105] The third determination module 40 is used to determine the target blasting parameters according to the initial blasting parameters, the geomechanical parameters and the first preset relationship to obtain a target blasting plan;

[0106] Specifically, under the condition of determining the above initial blasting parameters, by obtaining the geomechanical parameters of the hard rock roadway, the above initial blasting parameters and geomechanical parameters can be substituted into the first preset relational expression, so as to determine the target blasting parameters. In this way, the target blasting parameters can be more adapted to the hard rock roadway, and the loosening blasting quality and driving speed of the hard rock roadway can be improved.

[0107] Specifically, in order to reduce the error caused by a single data point, the third determination module includes: a second determination unit, configured to determine the first blasting parameter according to the initial blasting parameter, the geomechanical parameter and the first preset relational expression; a third determination unit, configured to determine the target blasting parameter according to the average value of the initial blasting parameter and the first blasting parameter.

[0108] Optionally, the initial blasting parameter includes the hole depth and the correction coefficient. In order to optimize the hole depth in the initial blasting plan of the hard rock roadway, the geomechanical parameter includes the disturbance radius, the in-situ stress and the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock. The second determination unit includes: a first sub-determination unit, configured to determine the first blasting parameter according to the disturbance radius, the correction coefficient, the in-situ stress, the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock and the first preset relational expression, and the first preset relational expression is:

[0109] L0 = βL[(σ c - σ0) / σ c 2 ,

[0110] wherein, L0 is the first blasting parameter (i.e., the hole depth), L is the disturbance radius, β is the correction coefficient, σ0 is the in-situ stress, and σ c is the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock.

[0111] Specifically,

[0112] wherein, is the internal friction angle of the rock in the hard rock roadway, and k is the ratio of the uniaxial compressive strength to the tensile strength of the in-situ rock.

[0113] Exemplarily, the roadway section can be an arched section, and the correction coefficient β of the arched section can be taken as 1.3.

[0114] It should be noted here that the disturbance radius is the distance from the maximum disturbance stress to the end of the hard rock roadway. By setting the hole depth less than the disturbance radius (i.e., L < L0), the deformation of the rock in the hard rock roadway after blasting can be stably released by the new section.

[0115] ​Optionally, the initial blasting parameters include blasthole spacing, blasthole diameter and quasi-static pressure. In order to optimize the blasthole spacing in the initial blasting scheme of the hard rock tunnel, the blasthole diameter is the diameter of the blasthole, and the geomechanical parameters include lateral stress coefficient, rock compressive strength and stress attenuation coefficient. The second determination unit includes: a second sub-determination unit, which is used to determine the first blasting parameter according to the lateral stress coefficient, the quasi-static pressure, the rock compressive strength, the stress attenuation coefficient, the blasthole diameter and the first preset relationship. The first preset relationship is:

[0116]

[0117] Among them, a is the first blasting parameter (hole spacing), b is the lateral stress coefficient, p2 is the quasi-static pressure, σ c is the rock compressive strength, α is the stress attenuation coefficient, d b is the borehole diameter.

[0118] It is explained here that, since the blasthole spacing can directly affect the surrounding rock damage and stress disturbance range of the hard rock tunnel, the blasthole spacing of the hard rock tunnel can be controlled to be the above-mentioned first blasting parameter a.

[0119] Optionally, the initial blasting parameters include a blasthole diameter, a friction coefficient of the plugging material, and a sealing length. In order to optimize the sealing length in the initial blasting scheme of the hard rock tunnel, the geomechanical parameter is a lateral pressure coefficient. The second determination unit includes: a third sub-determination unit, which is used to determine the first blasting parameter according to the blasthole diameter, the friction coefficient, the lateral pressure coefficient, and a first preset relationship. The first preset relationship is:

[0120] l = d b / fλ,

[0121] Among them, l is the first blasting parameter, d b is the borehole diameter, f is the friction coefficient, and λ is the lateral pressure coefficient.

[0122] It is explained here that in order for the energy released by the explosive blasting to fully act on the hole wall of the blasthole and reduce the temperature and pressure of the blasting gas escaping from the free surface, the sealing length of the hard rock tunnel can be controlled to be the above-mentioned first blasting parameter l.

[0123] The execution module 50 is used to generate a construction instruction according to the target blasting plan and send it to the blasting control system. The construction instruction is used to instruct the blasting control system to perform blasting operations.

[0124] Through this embodiment, when multiple historical blasting plans are obtained, a series of production rules can be established in combination with the production expression method, and the above series of production rules represent blasting strategies under different conditions; when the preset construction conditions of the hard rock tunnel are obtained, a preliminary blasting plan can be generated for the hard rock tunnel in combination with the above series of production rules, and the preliminary blasting plan includes initial blasting parameters. Further, when the geomechanical parameters of the hard rock tunnel are obtained, the initial blasting parameters can be optimized based on these geomechanical parameters, the above initial blasting parameters and the first preset relationship, and the target blasting parameters can be generated, thereby obtaining a more accurate and more effective target blasting plan. Finally, according to the optimized target blasting plan, the corresponding construction instructions are generated and sent to the blasting control system so that the blasting control system performs blasting operations. In summary, since the initial blasting parameters of the hard rock tunnel are optimized in this application, a large number of cracks can be generated inside the hard rock tunnel after the blasting operation, rather than causing the complete collapse of the hard rock tunnel, thereby effectively controlling the distance of flying rocks after the blasting, avoiding the generation of large rocks, and reducing the direct impact on the comprehensive excavation equipment. At the same time, by controlling the amount of dust generated by the blasting, the working environment of the excavation workers is further improved, and the safety of equipment and personnel is protected. In addition, due to the presence of prestressed cracks in the rock after blasting, the comprehensive excavator will be easier to cut, reducing the loss and replacement frequency of the pick teeth, improving the working efficiency of the comprehensive excavator, and significantly improving the speed of tunnel excavation.

[0125] In the specific implementation process, in order to intuitively display the distribution position, depth, angle of the blasthole and the relationship with other structures, help blasting designers and construction personnel to understand the blasting plan more clearly and reduce errors caused by misunderstanding, the loosening blasting method is applied to the drawing system based on the AutoCAD platform. The loosening blasting device also includes: a generation module, which is used to generate a visual drawing of the target blasting plan according to the drawing system and the target blasting plan.

[0126] Of course, when the loose blasting method is applied to a drawing system based on the AutoCAD platform, a blasting efficiency parameter table and a blasting instruction manual can also be generated according to the drawing system and the target blasting plan. For example, the visualization drawings, blasting efficiency parameter tables and blasting instructions can be numbered and saved according to the above production rules.

[0127] The loosening blasting device for hard rock tunnels includes a processor and a memory, wherein the acquisition module, the first determination module, the second determination module, the third determination module and the execution module are stored in the memory as program units, and the processor executes the program units stored in the memory to realize corresponding functions. The modules are all located in the same processor; or, the modules are located in different processors in any combination.

[0128] The processor includes a kernel, which calls the corresponding program unit from the memory. One or more kernels can be set, and the problem of long rock collapse distance and affecting the overall excavation speed of the tunneling machine in the prior art can be solved by adjusting kernel parameters.

[0129] The memory may include non-permanent memory in a computer-readable medium, random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM, and the memory includes at least one memory chip.

[0130] An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein when the program is executed, a device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute a loosening blasting method for a hard rock tunnel.

[0131] Specifically, the loosening blasting methods for hard rock tunnels include:

[0132] Step S201, obtaining a plurality of historical blasting schemes, preset construction conditions of hard rock tunnels, and geomechanical parameters of hard rock tunnels;

[0133] Specifically, a plurality of historical blasting plans may come from typical tunnel comprehensive excavation hard rock blasting excavation examples in different regions.

[0134] Each historical blasting plan may include multiple historical blasting parameters.

[0135] Step S202, determining multiple production rules of multiple historical blasting schemes according to multiple historical blasting schemes and production expression methods;

[0136] Specifically, multiple historical blasting parameters include tunnel cross-sectional area, blasthole depth, blasthole spacing and sealing length. The blasthole depth is the depth value of the blasthole set in the historical blasting plan. The blasthole can be blocked with blocking materials. The blasthole spacing is the distance between two adjacent blastholes. The sealing length is the length of the blocking material used to block the blasthole.

[0137] Specifically, different tunnel cross-sectional areas may correspond to different production rules; different blasthole depths may correspond to different production rules; different blasthole spacings may correspond to different production rules; and different sealing mud lengths may correspond to different production rules. Optionally, in order to obtain multiple production rules corresponding to multiple historical blasting parameters in each historical blasting scheme, multiple production rules of multiple historical blasting schemes are determined according to multiple historical blasting schemes and production expressions, including: obtaining multiple historical blasting parameters of multiple historical blasting schemes; determining multiple production rules corresponding to multiple historical blasting parameters in each historical blasting scheme according to multiple historical blasting parameters and production expressions of each historical blasting scheme.

[0138] Step S203, determining an initial blasting plan for the hard rock tunnel according to a plurality of production rules and preset construction conditions, wherein the initial blasting plan has initial blasting parameters;

[0139] Specifically, the preset construction conditions may include a preset tunnel cross-sectional area, a preset blasthole depth, a preset blasthole spacing, and a preset mud sealing length. When the preset construction conditions are matched with a plurality of production rules, a historical blasting scheme with the highest degree of matching with the preset construction conditions may be obtained from a plurality of historical blasting schemes as an initial blasting scheme. On this basis, the historical blasting parameters corresponding to the historical blasting scheme with the highest degree of matching with the preset construction conditions may be used as the initial blasting parameters of the initial blasting parameters.

[0140] Step S204, determining target blasting parameters according to the initial blasting parameters, the geomechanical parameters and the first preset relationship to obtain a target blasting plan;

[0141] Specifically, when the above initial blasting parameters are determined, by obtaining the geomechanical parameters of the hard rock tunnel, the above initial blasting parameters and geomechanical parameters can be substituted into the first preset relationship to determine the target blasting parameters. In this way, the target blasting parameters can be more suitable for the hard rock tunnel, and the loosening blasting quality and excavation speed of the hard rock tunnel can be improved.

[0142] Specifically, in order to reduce the error caused by a single data point, the target blasting parameters are determined according to the initial blasting parameters, geomechanical parameters and a first preset relationship, including: determining the first blasting parameters according to the initial blasting parameters, geomechanical parameters and the first preset relationship; determining the target blasting parameters according to the average value of the initial blasting parameters and the first blasting parameters.

[0143] Step S205: Generate a construction instruction according to the target blasting plan and send it to the blasting control system. The construction instruction is used to instruct the blasting control system to perform blasting operations.

[0144] Optionally, determining target blasting parameters according to initial blasting parameters, geomechanical parameters and a first preset relationship includes: determining first blasting parameters according to the initial blasting parameters, geomechanical parameters and the first preset relationship; determining target blasting parameters according to an average value of the initial blasting parameters and the first blasting parameters.

[0145] Optionally, the initial blasting parameters include a blasthole depth and a correction coefficient, the blasthole depth is a depth value of the blasthole set in the initial blasting plan, the geomechanical parameters include a disturbance radius, original rock stress and rock compressive strength, and determining the first blasting parameters according to the initial blasting parameters, the geomechanical parameters and a first preset relationship includes: determining the first blasting parameters according to the disturbance radius, the correction coefficient, the original rock stress, the rock compressive strength and the first preset relationship, and the first preset relationship is:

[0146] L0=βL[(σ c -σ0) / σ c ] 2 ,

[0147] Among them, L0 is the first blasting parameter (i.e., blasthole depth), L is the disturbance radius, β is the correction coefficient, σ0 is the original rock stress, σ c is the compressive strength of rock.

[0148] Optionally, the initial blasting parameters include blasthole spacing, blasthole diameter and quasi-static pressure, the blasthole spacing is the distance between two adjacent blastholes among the multiple blastholes set in the initial blasting plan, the blasthole diameter is the diameter of the blasthole, and the geomechanical parameters include lateral stress coefficient, rock compressive strength and stress attenuation coefficient. Determining the first blasting parameter according to the initial blasting parameter, the geomechanical parameter and a first preset relationship includes: determining the first blasting parameter according to the lateral stress coefficient, the quasi-static pressure, the rock compressive strength, the stress attenuation coefficient, the blasthole diameter and the first preset relationship, and the first preset relationship is:

[0149]

[0150] Among them, a is the first blasting parameter (hole spacing), b is the lateral stress coefficient, p2 is the quasi-static pressure, σ c is the rock compressive strength, α is the stress attenuation coefficient, d b is the borehole diameter.

[0151] Optionally, the initial blasting parameters include a blasthole diameter, a friction coefficient of a plugging material, and a sealing length, the blasthole diameter is the diameter of the blasthole, the plugging material is used to plug the blasthole, the sealing length is the length of the plugging material, and the geomechanical parameter is a lateral pressure coefficient. Determining the first blasting parameter according to the initial blasting parameter, the geomechanical parameter, and a first preset relationship includes: determining the first blasting parameter according to the blasthole diameter, the friction coefficient, the lateral pressure coefficient, and the first preset relationship, the first preset relationship being:

[0152] l = d b / fλ,

[0153] Among them, l is the first blasting parameter, d b is the borehole diameter, f is the friction coefficient, and λ is the lateral pressure coefficient.

[0154] Optionally, the loosening blasting method is applied to a drawing system based on an AutoCAD platform, and the loosening blasting method further includes: generating a visual drawing of the target blasting plan according to the drawing system and the target blasting plan.

[0155] Optionally, based on multiple historical blasting schemes and production expressions, multiple production rules corresponding to multiple historical blasting schemes are determined, including: obtaining multiple historical blasting parameters of multiple historical blasting schemes, each historical blasting scheme having multiple historical blasting parameters; based on the multiple historical blasting parameters and production expressions of each historical blasting scheme, determining multiple production rules corresponding one-to-one to the multiple historical blasting parameters in each historical blasting scheme.

[0156] An embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, the device includes a processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor implements at least the following steps when executing the program: obtaining multiple historical blasting schemes, preset construction conditions of hard rock tunnels, and geomechanical parameters of hard rock tunnels; determining multiple production rules of multiple historical blasting schemes according to multiple historical blasting schemes and production expressions; determining an initial blasting scheme of the hard rock tunnel according to multiple production rules and preset construction conditions, the initial blasting scheme having initial blasting parameters; determining target blasting parameters according to the initial blasting parameters, geomechanical parameters, and a first preset relationship to obtain a target blasting scheme; generating a construction instruction according to the target blasting scheme and sending it to a blasting control system, the construction instruction being used to instruct the blasting control system to perform a blasting operation. The device in this article may be a server, a PC, a PAD, a mobile phone, etc.

[0157] Optionally, determining target blasting parameters according to initial blasting parameters, geomechanical parameters and a first preset relationship includes: determining first blasting parameters according to the initial blasting parameters, geomechanical parameters and the first preset relationship; determining target blasting parameters according to an average value of the initial blasting parameters and the first blasting parameters.

[0158] Optionally, the initial blasting parameters include a blasthole depth and a correction coefficient, the blasthole depth is a depth value of the blasthole set in the initial blasting plan, the geomechanical parameters include a disturbance radius, original rock stress and rock compressive strength, and determining the first blasting parameters according to the initial blasting parameters, the geomechanical parameters and a first preset relationship includes: determining the first blasting parameters according to the disturbance radius, the correction coefficient, the original rock stress, the rock compressive strength and the first preset relationship, and the first preset relationship is:

[0159] L0=βL[(σ c -σ0) / σ c ] 2 ,

[0160] Among them, L0 is the first blasting parameter (i.e., blasthole depth), L is the disturbance radius, β is the correction coefficient, σ0 is the original rock stress, σ c is the compressive strength of rock.

[0161] Optionally, the initial blasting parameters include blasthole spacing, blasthole diameter and quasi-static pressure, the blasthole spacing is the distance between two adjacent blastholes among the multiple blastholes set in the initial blasting plan, the blasthole diameter is the diameter of the blasthole, and the geomechanical parameters include lateral stress coefficient, rock compressive strength and stress attenuation coefficient. Determining the first blasting parameter according to the initial blasting parameter, the geomechanical parameter and a first preset relationship includes: determining the first blasting parameter according to the lateral stress coefficient, the quasi-static pressure, the rock compressive strength, the stress attenuation coefficient, the blasthole diameter and the first preset relationship, and the first preset relationship is:

[0162]

[0163] Among them, a is the first blasting parameter (hole spacing), b is the lateral stress coefficient, p2 is the quasi-static pressure, σ c is the rock compressive strength, α is the stress attenuation coefficient, d b is the borehole diameter.

[0164] Optionally, the initial blasting parameters include a blasthole diameter, a friction coefficient of a plugging material, and a sealing length, the blasthole diameter is the diameter of the blasthole, the plugging material is used to plug the blasthole, the sealing length is the length of the plugging material, and the geomechanical parameter is a lateral pressure coefficient. Determining the first blasting parameter according to the initial blasting parameter, the geomechanical parameter, and a first preset relationship includes: determining the first blasting parameter according to the blasthole diameter, the friction coefficient, the lateral pressure coefficient, and the first preset relationship, the first preset relationship being:

[0165] l = d b / fλ,

[0166] Among them, l is the first blasting parameter, db is the borehole diameter, f is the friction coefficient, and λ is the lateral pressure coefficient.

[0167] Optionally, the loosening blasting method is applied to a drawing system based on an AutoCAD platform, and the loosening blasting method further includes: generating a visual drawing of the target blasting plan according to the drawing system and the target blasting plan.

[0168] Optionally, based on multiple historical blasting schemes and production expressions, multiple production rules corresponding to multiple historical blasting schemes are determined, including: obtaining multiple historical blasting parameters of multiple historical blasting schemes, each historical blasting scheme having multiple historical blasting parameters; based on the multiple historical blasting parameters and production expressions of each historical blasting scheme, determining multiple production rules corresponding one-to-one to the multiple historical blasting parameters in each historical blasting scheme.

[0169] The present application also provides a computer program product, which, when executed on a data processing device, is suitable for executing an initialization program having at least the following method steps: obtaining multiple historical blasting plans, preset construction conditions of hard rock tunnels, and geomechanical parameters of hard rock tunnels; determining multiple production rules of multiple historical blasting plans based on multiple historical blasting plans and production expressions; determining an initial blasting plan for the hard rock tunnel based on multiple production rules and preset construction conditions, the initial blasting plan having initial blasting parameters; determining target blasting parameters based on the initial blasting parameters, geomechanical parameters, and a first preset relationship to obtain a target blasting plan; generating a construction instruction based on the target blasting plan and sending it to a blasting control system, the construction instruction being used to instruct the blasting control system to perform a blasting operation.

[0170] Optionally, determining target blasting parameters according to initial blasting parameters, geomechanical parameters and a first preset relationship includes: determining first blasting parameters according to the initial blasting parameters, geomechanical parameters and the first preset relationship; determining target blasting parameters according to an average value of the initial blasting parameters and the first blasting parameters.

[0171] Optionally, the initial blasting parameters include a blasthole depth and a correction coefficient, the blasthole depth is a depth value of the blasthole set in the initial blasting plan, the geomechanical parameters include a disturbance radius, original rock stress and rock compressive strength, and determining the first blasting parameters according to the initial blasting parameters, the geomechanical parameters and a first preset relationship includes: determining the first blasting parameters according to the disturbance radius, the correction coefficient, the original rock stress, the rock compressive strength and the first preset relationship, and the first preset relationship is:

[0172] L0=βL[(σ c -σ0) / σ c ] 2 ,

[0173] Among them, L0 is the first blasting parameter (i.e., blasthole depth), L is the disturbance radius, β is the correction coefficient, σ0 is the original rock stress, σ c is the compressive strength of rock.

[0174] Optionally, the initial blasting parameters include blasthole spacing, blasthole diameter and quasi-static pressure, the blasthole spacing is the distance between two adjacent blastholes among the multiple blastholes set in the initial blasting plan, the blasthole diameter is the diameter of the blasthole, and the geomechanical parameters include lateral stress coefficient, rock compressive strength and stress attenuation coefficient. Determining the first blasting parameter according to the initial blasting parameter, the geomechanical parameter and a first preset relationship includes: determining the first blasting parameter according to the lateral stress coefficient, the quasi-static pressure, the rock compressive strength, the stress attenuation coefficient, the blasthole diameter and the first preset relationship, and the first preset relationship is:

[0175]

[0176] Among them, a is the first blasting parameter (hole spacing), b is the lateral stress coefficient, p2 is the quasi-static pressure, σ c is the rock compressive strength, α is the stress attenuation coefficient, d b is the borehole diameter.

[0177] Optionally, the initial blasting parameters include a blasthole diameter, a friction coefficient of a plugging material, and a sealing length, the blasthole diameter is the diameter of the blasthole, the plugging material is used to plug the blasthole, the sealing length is the length of the plugging material, and the geomechanical parameter is a lateral pressure coefficient. Determining the first blasting parameter according to the initial blasting parameter, the geomechanical parameter, and a first preset relationship includes: determining the first blasting parameter according to the blasthole diameter, the friction coefficient, the lateral pressure coefficient, and the first preset relationship, the first preset relationship being:

[0178] l = d b / fλ,

[0179] Among them, l is the first blasting parameter, d b is the borehole diameter, f is the friction coefficient, and λ is the lateral pressure coefficient.

[0180] Optionally, the loosening blasting method is applied to a drawing system based on an AutoCAD platform, and the loosening blasting method further includes: generating a visual drawing of the target blasting plan according to the drawing system and the target blasting plan.

[0181] Optionally, based on multiple historical blasting schemes and production expressions, multiple production rules corresponding to multiple historical blasting schemes are determined, including: obtaining multiple historical blasting parameters of multiple historical blasting schemes, each historical blasting scheme having multiple historical blasting parameters; based on the multiple historical blasting parameters and production expressions of each historical blasting scheme, determining multiple production rules corresponding one-to-one to the multiple historical blasting parameters in each historical blasting scheme.

[0182] Obviously, those skilled in the art should understand that the above modules or steps of the present invention can be implemented by a general computing device, they can be concentrated on a single computing device, or distributed on a network composed of multiple computing devices, they can be implemented by a program code executable by a computing device, so that they can be stored in a storage device and executed by the computing device, and in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in a different order than here, or they can be made into individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps therein can be made into a single integrated circuit module for implementation. Thus, the present invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

[0183] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented in one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that include computer-usable program code.

[0184] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0185] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture including an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0186] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0187] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPU), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0188] The memory may include non-permanent memory in a computer-readable medium, random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory in the form of read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. The memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.

[0189] Computer readable media include permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can be implemented by any method or technology to store information. Information can be computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or any other non-transmission media that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, computer readable media does not include temporary computer readable media (transitory media), such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0190] It should also be noted that the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, commodity or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, commodity or device. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, commodity or device including the elements.

[0191] From the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present application achieve the following technical effects:

[0192] By applying the technical solution of the present application, a loosening blasting method for a hard rock tunnel is provided. The loosening blasting method can establish a series of production rules in combination with production expression method when multiple historical blasting schemes are obtained. The above series of production rules represent blasting strategies under different conditions; when the preset construction conditions of the hard rock tunnel are obtained, a preliminary blasting scheme can be generated for the hard rock tunnel in combination with the above series of production rules. The preliminary blasting scheme includes initial blasting parameters. Furthermore, when the geomechanical parameters of the hard rock tunnel are obtained, the initial blasting parameters can be optimized based on these geomechanical parameters, the above initial blasting parameters and the first preset relationship, and the target blasting parameters can be generated, thereby obtaining a more accurate and more effective target blasting scheme. Finally, according to the optimized target blasting scheme, the corresponding construction instructions are generated and sent to the blasting control system so that the blasting control system performs blasting operations. In summary, since the application optimizes the initial blasting parameters of the hard rock tunnel, a large number of cracks can be generated inside the hard rock tunnel after the blasting operation, rather than causing the complete collapse of the hard rock tunnel, thereby effectively controlling the distance of flying rocks after the blasting, avoiding the generation of large rocks, and reducing the direct impact on the comprehensive excavation equipment. At the same time, by controlling the amount of dust generated by the blasting, the working environment of the excavation workers is further improved, and the safety of equipment and personnel is protected. In addition, due to the presence of prestressed cracks in the rock after blasting, the comprehensive excavator will be easier to cut, reducing the loss and replacement frequency of the pick teeth, improving the working efficiency of the comprehensive excavator, and ultimately leading to a significant increase in the tunnel excavation speed.

[0193] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A loosening blasting method for hard rock tunnels, characterized in that: include: Acquiring a plurality of historical blasting plans, preset construction conditions of the hard rock tunnel, and geomechanical parameters of the hard rock tunnel; Determine a plurality of production rules of the plurality of historical blasting solutions according to the plurality of historical blasting solutions and production expressions; Determining an initial blasting scheme for the hard rock tunnel according to the plurality of production rules and the preset construction conditions, wherein the initial blasting scheme has initial blasting parameters; Determining target blasting parameters according to the initial blasting parameters, the geomechanical parameters and the first preset relationship to obtain a target blasting plan; According to the target blasting plan, a construction instruction is generated and sent to the blasting control system, and the construction instruction is used to instruct the blasting control system to perform blasting operations.

2. The loosening blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining target blasting parameters according to the initial blasting parameters, the geomechanical parameters and the first preset relationship includes: Determining a first blasting parameter according to the initial blasting parameter, the geomechanical parameter and a first preset relationship; The target blasting parameter is determined according to an average value of the initial blasting parameter and the first blasting parameter.

3. The loosening blasting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The initial blasting parameters include a blasthole depth and a correction coefficient, the blasthole depth is the depth value of the blasthole set in the initial blasting plan, the geomechanical parameters include a disturbance radius, original rock stress and rock compressive strength, and the first blasting parameters are determined according to the initial blasting parameters, the geomechanical parameters and a first preset relationship, including: The first blasting parameter is determined according to the disturbance radius, the correction coefficient, the original rock stress, the rock compressive strength and the first preset relationship, wherein the first preset relationship is L0=βL[(σ c -σ0) / σ c ] 2 , where L0 is the first blasting parameter, L is the disturbance radius, β is the correction coefficient, σ0 is the original rock stress, σ c is the compressive strength of the rock.

4. The loosening blasting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The initial blasting parameters include blasthole spacing, blasthole diameter and quasi-static pressure, the blasthole spacing is the distance between two adjacent blastholes among the multiple blastholes set in the initial blasting scheme, the blasthole diameter is the diameter of the blasthole, and the geomechanical parameters include lateral stress coefficient, rock compressive strength and stress attenuation coefficient. According to the initial blasting parameters, the geomechanical parameters and the first preset relationship, the first blasting parameters are determined, including: The first blasting parameter is determined according to the lateral stress coefficient, the quasi-static pressure, the rock compressive strength, the stress attenuation coefficient, the blasthole diameter and the first preset relationship. The first preset relationship is: Wherein, a is the first blasting parameter, b is the lateral stress coefficient, p2 is the quasi-static pressure, σ c is the rock compressive strength, α is the stress attenuation coefficient, d b is the blasthole diameter.

5. The loosening blasting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The initial blasting parameters include a blasthole diameter, a friction coefficient of a plugging material, and a mud sealing length. The plugging material is used to plug the blasthole provided in the initial blasting scheme. The mud sealing length is the length of the plugging material. The geomechanical parameter is a lateral pressure coefficient. According to the initial blasting parameters, the geomechanical parameters, and a first preset relationship, determining the first blasting parameters includes: The first blasting parameter is determined according to the blasthole diameter, the friction coefficient, the lateral pressure coefficient and the first preset relationship, wherein the first preset relationship is l=d b / fλ, where l is the first blasting parameter, d b is the borehole diameter, f is the friction coefficient, and λ is the lateral pressure coefficient.

6. The loosening blasting method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The loose blasting method is applied to a drawing system based on an AutoCAD platform, and the loose blasting method further comprises: A visualization drawing of the target blasting plan is generated according to the drawing system and the target blasting plan.

7. The loosening blasting method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: According to the plurality of historical blasting schemes and production expression methods, a plurality of production rules related to the plurality of historical blasting schemes are determined, including: Acquire a plurality of historical blasting parameters of a plurality of the historical blasting plans, each of the historical blasting plans having a plurality of the historical blasting parameters; According to the multiple historical blasting parameters and the production expression method of each historical blasting scheme, multiple production rules corresponding to the multiple historical blasting parameters in each historical blasting scheme are determined.

8. A loosening blasting device for hard rock tunnels, characterized in that: include: An acquisition module, used for acquiring a plurality of historical blasting schemes, preset construction conditions of the hard rock tunnel and geomechanical parameters of the hard rock tunnel; A first determination module is used to determine a plurality of production rules of a plurality of the historical blasting schemes according to the plurality of the historical blasting schemes and production expressions; A second determination module is used to determine an initial blasting scheme of the hard rock tunnel according to the plurality of production rules and the preset construction conditions, wherein the initial blasting scheme has initial blasting parameters; A third determination module is used to determine target blasting parameters according to the initial blasting parameters, the geomechanical parameters and the first preset relationship to obtain a target blasting plan; The execution module is used to generate a construction instruction according to the target blasting plan and send it to the blasting control system, wherein the construction instruction is used to instruct the blasting control system to perform a blasting operation.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein when the program is executed, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the loosening blasting method for a hard rock tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: One or more processors, a memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and are configured to be executed by the one or more processors, and the one or more programs include a method for executing the loosening blasting method of a hard rock tunnel as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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