Polygonatum cyrtonema variety breeding method based on canopy photosynthetic model

Abstract

The invention provides a polygonatum cyrtonema variety breeding method based on a canopy photosynthetic model, and relates to the technical field of polygonatum cyrtonema variety breeding, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: setting four different canopy densities, collecting and processing morphological parameters, stalk parameters and photosynthetic capability parameters of polygonatum cyrtonema plant leaves under different canopy densities, generating a 9-column parameter matrix containing blade form parameters and Cartesian coordinates, converting and adjusting the coordinates, and generating a new parameter matrix; simulating distribution of light in the canopy by combining light tracing equipment, and measuring fitting parameter values of a photosynthetic rate-light quantum flux density curve in different time periods to obtain the photosynthetic rate; and comparing the photosynthetic rates under different canopy density environments, and breeding excellent plant types adapted to different light environments. According to the method, the photosynthetic efficiency of polygonatum cyrtonema under different light environments is accurately simulated and quantified, so that the breeding working efficiency and accuracy are remarkably improved, and excellent varieties with higher adaptability and higher photosynthetic efficiency are bred.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of polygonatum cyrtonema variety breeding, and in particular to a polygonatum cyrtonema variety breeding method based on a canopy photosynthesis model. Background Art

[0002] Polygonatum multiflorum is a perennial herb of the genus Polygonatum. It is selected as a brand of Chinese medicinal materials in Hunan's "Xiang Jiuwei" and Huaihua's "Huai Liuwei". It is a traditional Chinese medicinal material with both medicinal and edible properties. Its thick rhizome is the main edible and medicinal part. Studies have found that Polygonatum multiflorum is rich in compounds such as Polygonatum polysaccharides, steroid saponins, and flavonoid glycosides. It has the effects of lowering blood sugar, lowering blood lipids, and improving immunity. It has broad prospects in the development of new drugs, health products, and functional foods. In recent years, with the continuous development of the big health industry, the market demand for Polygonatum resources has increased, and the price has been steadily rising.

[0003] In the process of plant variety breeding, photosynthetic efficiency is a key biological indicator that directly affects crop growth and yield. Traditional plant breeding methods mainly rely on field trials and laboratory analysis, which are usually time-consuming and costly. Especially when evaluating photosynthetic efficiency under different canopy density environments, traditional methods are difficult to accurately simulate and quantify the distribution and absorption of light in complex canopy structures.

[0004] Therefore, the present application designs and improves an efficient and accurate method to simulate and optimize the photosynthetic efficiency of the plant canopy in order to breed excellent plant types that can adapt to different light environments.

[0005] The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the present disclosure and therefore it may contain information that does not constitute the prior art that is already known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for breeding Polygonatum cyrtonema varieties based on a canopy photosynthesis model to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A method for breeding Polygonatum cyrtonema varieties based on a canopy photosynthesis model, the specific steps comprising:

[0009] S1. setting four different canopy densities for the stems of Polygonatum cyrtonema, the four canopy densities are 10%, 40%, 70%, and 100%, respectively, collecting the morphological parameters, stem parameters, and photosynthetic capacity parameters of the leaves of the plants under different canopy densities, the morphological parameters of the leaves of the plants including the base height of the leaves, the length of the leaves, the widest width of the leaves, the central angle corresponding to the curvature of the leaves, the angle of the leaves themselves, and the angle of the connection between the leaves and the stems, the stem parameters including the stem height, the diameter of the stem bottom, and the diameter of the stem top, and the photosynthetic capacity parameters including photosynthetically active radiation and net photosynthetic rate;

[0010] S2. Process the morphological parameters of the leaves of plants under different canopy densities to generate a 9-column parameter matrix, each column of which is the base height of the leaf, the length of the leaf, the widest width of the leaf, the central angle corresponding to the curvature of the leaf, the angle of the leaf itself, the angle of the connection between the leaf and the stem, the X coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, the Y coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, and the Z coordinate of the leaf in the vertical direction. The last 3 columns of the 9-column parameter matrix are extracted as the Cartesian coordinates of the leaf, the Cartesian coordinates are converted into polar coordinates, and the azimuth and elevation of the leaf are adjusted. The adjusted polar coordinates are converted back to Cartesian coordinates, and the adjusted 3-column Cartesian coordinate matrix is ​​merged with the first 6 columns in the original data to generate a new 9-column parameter matrix. Based on the new 9-column parameter matrix, the precise position and direction information of the Polygonatum cyrtonema leaves in three-dimensional space is obtained;

[0011] S3. Using the stem parameters as model input values, generating the geometric shape of the stem, calculating the stem bottom radius and the stem top radius, converting the cylindrical coordinates into Cartesian coordinates, obtaining the coordinates of each vertex, initializing the M matrix storing the vertex coordinates of all plants, converting the X and Y coordinates of the plants into polar coordinates, determining the rotation angle, and then converting back to the Cartesian coordinate system, and storing the vertex coordinates of each plant in the M matrix, and obtaining the position and shape of the stem of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three-dimensional space based on the M matrix;

[0012] S4. Generate a photosynthetic model of the canopy of Polygonatum cyrtonema based on the precise position and direction information of the leaves of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three-dimensional space and the position and shape of the stems in three-dimensional space, use a ray tracing device to simulate the distribution of light in the canopy, combine the light distribution data of the canopy of Polygonatum cyrtonema obtained by ray tracing, and use the photosynthetic rate-photon flux density curve fitting parameter values ​​measured by a photosynthetic instrument in three time periods of a day to obtain the photosynthetic rate of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three time periods of a day;

[0013] S5. Compare the photosynthetic rates of Polygonatum cyrtonema plant types under different canopy density environments, and select excellent plant types that can adapt to different light environments.

[0014] Furthermore, the morphological parameters of the leaves of plants under different canopy densities were processed to generate a 9-column parameter matrix, each column of which was the height of the leaf base, the length of the leaf, the widest width of the leaf, the central angle corresponding to the curvature of the leaf, the angle of the leaf itself, the angle of the connection between the leaf and the stem, the X coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, the Y coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, and the Z coordinate of the leaf in the vertical direction. The form of the 9-column parameter matrix is ​​as follows:

[0015]

[0016] 10% canopy density:

[0017] a 11 is the height of the blade base, a 12 is the blade length, a 13 is the widest width of the blade, a 14 is the central angle of the blade bending arc, a 15 is the angle of the blade itself, a 16 is the angle between the leaf and the stem, x1 is the X coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, y1 is the Y coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, and z1 is the Z coordinate of the leaf in the vertical direction;

[0018] 40% canopy closure:

[0019] a 21 is the height of the blade base, a 22 is the blade length, a 23 is the widest width of the blade, a 24 is the central angle of the blade bending arc, a 25 is the angle of the blade itself, a 26 is the angle between the leaf and the stem, x2 is the X coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, y2 is the Y coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, and z2 is the Z coordinate of the leaf in the vertical direction;

[0020] 70% canopy closure:

[0021] a 31 is the height of the blade base, a 32 is the blade length, a 33 is the widest width of the blade, a 34 is the central angle of the blade bending arc, a 35 is the angle of the blade itself, a 36 is the angle between the leaf and the stem, x3 is the X coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, y3 is the Y coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, and z3 is the Z coordinate of the leaf in the vertical direction;

[0022] 100% canopy closure:

[0023] a 41is the height of the blade base, a 42 is the blade length, a 43 is the widest width of the blade, a 44 is the central angle of the blade bending arc, a 45 is the angle of the blade itself, a 46 is the angle between the leaf and the stem, x4 is the X coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, y4 is the Y coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, and z4 is the Z coordinate of the leaf in the vertical direction.

[0024] Furthermore, the last three columns of the nine-column parameter matrix are extracted as the Cartesian coordinates of the blade, and the process of converting the Cartesian coordinates into polar coordinates is as follows:

[0025]

[0026] The polar diameter r1 of the blade is the distance from the origin to the point, and the calculation formula is

[0027] The azimuth angle θ of the blade is the angle between the projection of the point on the XY plane and the X-axis, and the calculation formula is:

[0028] The blade elevation angle φ is the angle between the point and the Z axis, and the calculation formula is

[0029] Further, the azimuth and elevation of the leaves are adjusted, the adjusted polar coordinates are converted back to Cartesian coordinates, and the adjusted 3-column Cartesian coordinate matrix is ​​merged with the first 6 columns in the original data to generate a new 9-column parameter matrix. Based on the new 9-column parameter matrix, the process of obtaining the precise position and direction information of the leaves of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three-dimensional space is as follows:

[0030] Adjust the azimuth angle θ and elevation angle φ of the blade, increase Δθ and Δφ, and the azimuth angle θ′ and elevation angle φ′ of the blade after adjustment are as follows:

[0031] θ′=θ+Δθ

[0032] φ′=φ+Δφ

[0033] Wherein, θ′ is the azimuth angle of the adjusted blade, φ′ is the elevation angle of the adjusted blade, Δθ is the increased azimuth angle of the blade, and Δφ is the increased elevation angle of the blade;

[0034] Convert the adjusted spherical coordinates (r1,θ′,φ′) back to Cartesian coordinates (x′,y′,z′) and calculate x′, y′, and z′:

[0035] x′=rsin(φ′)cos(θ′)

[0036] y′=rsin(φ′)sin(θ′)

[0037] z′=rcos(φ′)

[0038] The new 9-column parameter matrix is ​​as follows:

[0039]

[0040] The precise position and orientation information of Polygonatum cyrtonema leaves in three-dimensional space were obtained by using the leaf base height, leaf length, widest leaf width, central angle corresponding to the leaf bending arc, leaf angle, angle of the connection between the leaf and the stem, X coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, Y coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane and Z coordinate of the leaf in the vertical direction in the new 9-column parameter matrix.

[0041] Furthermore, the stem parameters are used as model input values ​​to generate the geometric shape of the stem, calculate the stem bottom radius and the stem top radius, convert the cylindrical coordinates into Cartesian coordinates, and obtain the coordinates of each vertex as follows:

[0042] Calculate the radii at the base and top of the stem:

[0043]

[0044] Among them, R b is the radius of the stem base, R t is the radius of the top of the stem, D b is the stem base diameter, D t is the diameter of the top of the stem;

[0045] Treat the stem as a cylinder, use the parametric equation of the cylinder to generate the vertex coordinates, and divide the cylinder into n equal angles and m equal heights;

[0046] Convert to Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z) according to the following formula:

[0047] x=r2cos(θ)

[0048] y=r2sin(θ)

[0049] z=z

[0050] Where r2 is the radius of the cylinder, that is, the radius R of the bottom of the stem b , z is the height of the point;

[0051] The coordinates of each vertex are calculated using the following formula:

[0052] The angle θ ranges from 0 to 2π, divided into n parts:

[0053]

[0054] Among them, θ i is the azimuth of the i-th vertex, 2π is the angle of a complete circle, i is the index of the current vertex, ranging from 0, 1, ..., n-1, n is the number of angle segments, indicating that the circumference is divided into n equal parts;

[0055] Each height is calculated according to the following formula:

[0056]

[0057] Among them, z j is the height of the jth stem, H is the total height of the stem, j is the segment index of the stem, ranging from 0, 1, ..., m, m is the number of height segments, indicating that the height H of the stem is divided into m segments;

[0058] Calculate the radius corresponding to each height according to the following formula:

[0059]

[0060] Among them, r i is the radius corresponding to the i-th vertex;

[0061] For each θ i and z j , calculate the corresponding Cartesian coordinates (x d ,y d ,z d ), based on the following formula:

[0062] x d =r j cos(θ i )

[0063] y d =r j sin(θ i )

[0064] z d =z j

[0065] Among them, x d is the x-coordinate of the point on the surface of the cylinder, y d is the y coordinate of the point on the surface of the cylinder, z d is the z coordinate of the point on the surface of the cylinder, and the coordinates of each vertex are (x d ,y d ,z d );

[0066] Initialize a matrix of size (m+1)×L×3 to store the (x d ,y d ,zd ) coordinates, where m+1 is the number of rows of the M matrix, i.e. the number of plants, L is the number of columns of the M matrix, i.e. the number of vertices of each plant, and 3 represents the three coordinate values ​​of each vertex.

[0067] Furthermore, the X and Y coordinates of the plant are converted into polar coordinates, the rotation angle is determined, and then converted back to the Cartesian coordinate system, the M matrix storing the vertex coordinates of all plants is initialized, and the vertex coordinates of each plant are stored in the M matrix. Based on the M matrix, the process of obtaining the position and shape of the stem of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three-dimensional space is as follows:

[0068] Convert the X,Y coordinates of each vertex to polar coordinates, rotate them, and then convert them back to Cartesian coordinates;

[0069] Convert to polar coordinates:

[0070]

[0071] θ AB =arctan2(y AB , x AB )

[0072] Among them, r AB is the distance from the Bth vertex of the Ath plant to the origin, θ AB is the angle from the positive x-axis to the vertex counterclockwise, A and B are the indices of the plant and vertex;

[0073] Rotate by a specific angle Δθ AB , get the angle θ after rotation AB ′, the formula is as follows:

[0074] θ AB ′=θ AB +Δθ AB

[0075] Convert back to Cartesian coordinates:

[0076] x AB ′=r AB cos(θ AB ′)

[0077] y AB ′=r AB cos(θ AB ′)

[0078] Among them, x AB ′ is the Cartesian horizontal coordinate after rotation, y AB ′ is the Cartesian ordinate after rotation;

[0079] Put the new coordinates back into the matrix:

[0080] M(A×P+B)=(x AB ′,y AB ′,z AB )

[0081] Initialize the M matrix that stores the coordinates of all plant vertices:

[0082] M = zeros((m+1)×P,3)

[0083] For each plant A and each vertex B, store the vertex coordinates:

[0084] M(A×P+B)=(x AB ,y AB , z AB )

[0085] Among them, x AB ,y AB , z AB are the X, Y, and Z coordinates of the Bth vertex of the Ath plant, P is the number of vertices of each plant, A ranges from 0 to m+1, and B ranges from 0 to L;

[0086] Based on the M matrix, the specific process of obtaining the position and shape of the stem of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three-dimensional space is as follows:

[0087] The process of obtaining the position of the stem of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three-dimensional space:

[0088] Extract the z coordinates of all vertices from the M matrix, find the minimum value in the z coordinates, which corresponds to the bottom position of the stem, find all vertices whose z coordinates are equal to the minimum z value, and these vertices form the circumference of the bottom of the stem. Determine the bottom position of the stem through the above multiple vertices;

[0089] Extract the z coordinates of all vertices from the M matrix, find the maximum value in the z coordinate, which corresponds to the top position of the stem, find all vertices whose z coordinates are equal to the maximum z value, these vertices form the circumference of the top of the stem, and determine the top position of the stem through the above multiple vertices;

[0090] The process of obtaining the morphology of the stem of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three-dimensional space:

[0091] Extract all vertices whose z coordinates are equal to the z value of the bottom from the M matrix to obtain the vertex coordinates of the bottom;

[0092] Extract all vertices whose z coordinates are equal to the top z value from the M matrix to obtain the vertex coordinates of the top;

[0093] Calculate the radius of the vertices at the bottom and top respectively to obtain the average radius of the bottom and top;

[0094] The height distribution is given by the z coordinates of the vertices in the M matrix, which range from the bottom z value to the top z value; through all the vertex coordinates in the M matrix, the geometric shape of the stem is determined, including the radius variation and height distribution.

[0095] Furthermore, a ray tracing device was used to simulate the distribution of light in the canopy. Combined with the canopy light distribution data of Polygonatum cyrtonema obtained by ray tracing, the photosynthetic rate-photon flux density curve fitting parameter values ​​of three time periods in a day measured by a photosynthetic meter were used to obtain the photosynthetic rate of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three time periods in a day as follows:

[0096] Use a ray tracing device to simulate the distribution of light in the canopy of Polygonatum cyrtonema. The ray tracing device simulates the propagation and distribution of light in the canopy according to the base location, such as height, canopy diameter and planting density, as well as ambient light conditions, and generates light distribution data inside the canopy;

[0097] The light distribution data generated by the ray tracing device is combined with the structure of the Polygonatum cymbidium canopy to obtain the light intensity data for each position inside the canopy. These data represent the light quantum flux density received at each position in the canopy during different time periods.

[0098] The photosynthetic rate-photon flux density curve of Polygonatum cyrtonema at different time periods was measured using a photosynthetic instrument, and the parameters of the photosynthetic rate-photon flux density curve were fitted using a nonlinear regression method. The formula is as follows:

[0099]

[0100] Where v is the photosynthetic rate, v max is the maximum photosynthetic rate, α is the initial slope of the light response curve, The canopy closure is β η The light quantum flux density under η is the canopy closure, η is the type of canopy closure, and the range of η is 1, 2, ..., 4, where 1, 2, ..., 4 represent 10%, 40%, 70%, and 100% respectively;

[0101] Using the fitted photosynthetic rate-photon flux density curve parameters and light distribution data, the photosynthetic rates in three time periods of the day are obtained:

[0102]

[0103] Among them, v η is the sum of the photosynthetic rates of one day under different canopy densities, are the photosynthetic rates at different canopy densities in the morning, noon and afternoon, respectively. max 1 、v max2 、v max 3 are the maximum photosynthetic rates in the morning, noon, and afternoon, respectively. 1 , α 2 , α 3 are the initial slopes of the light response curve, The canopy density in the morning is β η The light quantum flux density, The canopy density at noon is β η The light quantum flux density, The canopy density in the afternoon is β η The light quantum flux density.

[0104] Furthermore, the photosynthetic rates of Polygonatum cyrtonema plant types under different canopy density environments were compared, and the process of breeding excellent plant types that adapt to different light environments was as follows:

[0105] According to the recorded photosynthetic rate of the Polygonatum cyrtonema plant from 6h to 18h, it was found that v2>v1>v4>v3, that is, the photosynthetic rate of the Polygonatum cyrtonema plant under 40% canopy density was the highest, the photosynthetic rate of the Polygonatum cyrtonema plant under 10% canopy density was the second highest, the photosynthetic rate of the Polygonatum cyrtonema plant under 100% canopy density was the third highest, and the photosynthetic rate of the Polygonatum cyrtonema plant under 40% canopy density was the lowest. Therefore, the Polygonatum cyrtonema plant under 40% canopy density is the most suitable plant type for cultivation.

[0106] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0107] The present invention accurately simulates the growth of Polygonatum cyrtonema under different light environments by setting different canopy density conditions, collects detailed morphological parameters and photosynthetic capacity parameters of Polygonatum cyrtonema plants under different canopy densities, processes and analyzes these data to generate a complete parameter matrix, accurately models the geometric shapes of stems and leaves, and uses Cartesian coordinates and polar coordinate conversion technology to construct a canopy photosynthetic model of Polygonatum cyrtonema, simulates the distribution of light in the canopy of Polygonatum cyrtonema through a ray tracing device, obtains light distribution data of different time periods inside the canopy, accurately calculates the photosynthetic rates in different time periods using the measured photosynthetic rate-photon flux density curve fitting parameter values, and selects excellent plant types with optimal photosynthetic efficiency under different light environments by comparing the photosynthetic rates of Polygonatum cyrtonema plant types under different canopy density environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0108] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall method flow of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0109] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0110] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0111] Example:

[0112] See also Figure 1 , the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0113] A method for breeding Polygonatum cyrtonema varieties based on a canopy photosynthesis model, the specific steps comprising:

[0114] S1. setting four different canopy densities for the stems of Polygonatum cyrtonema, the four canopy densities are 10%, 40%, 70%, and 100%, respectively, collecting the morphological parameters, stem parameters, and photosynthetic capacity parameters of the leaves of the plants under different canopy densities, the morphological parameters of the leaves of the plants including the base height of the leaves, the length of the leaves, the widest width of the leaves, the central angle corresponding to the curvature of the leaves, the angle of the leaves themselves, and the angle of the connection between the leaves and the stems, the stem parameters including the stem height, the diameter of the stem bottom, and the diameter of the stem top, and the photosynthetic capacity parameters including photosynthetically active radiation and net photosynthetic rate;

[0115] S2. Process the morphological parameters of the leaves of plants under different canopy densities to generate a 9-column parameter matrix, each column of which is the base height of the leaf, the length of the leaf, the widest width of the leaf, the central angle corresponding to the curvature of the leaf, the angle of the leaf itself, the angle of the connection between the leaf and the stem, the X coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, the Y coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, and the Z coordinate of the leaf in the vertical direction. The last 3 columns of the 9-column parameter matrix are extracted as the Cartesian coordinates of the leaf, the Cartesian coordinates are converted into polar coordinates, and the azimuth and elevation of the leaf are adjusted. The adjusted polar coordinates are converted back to Cartesian coordinates, and the adjusted 3-column Cartesian coordinate matrix is ​​merged with the first 6 columns in the original data to generate a new 9-column parameter matrix. Based on the new 9-column parameter matrix, the precise position and direction information of the Polygonatum cyrtonema leaves in three-dimensional space is obtained;

[0116] S3. Using the stem parameters as model input values, generating the geometric shape of the stem, calculating the stem bottom radius and the stem top radius, converting the cylindrical coordinates into Cartesian coordinates, obtaining the coordinates of each vertex, initializing the M matrix storing the vertex coordinates of all plants, converting the X and Y coordinates of the plants into polar coordinates, determining the rotation angle, and then converting back to the Cartesian coordinate system, and storing the vertex coordinates of each plant in the M matrix, and obtaining the position and shape of the stem of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three-dimensional space based on the M matrix;

[0117] S4. Generate a photosynthetic model of the canopy of Polygonatum cyrtonema based on the precise position and direction information of the leaves of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three-dimensional space and the position and shape of the stems in three-dimensional space, use a ray tracing device to simulate the distribution of light in the canopy, combine the light distribution data of the canopy of Polygonatum cyrtonema obtained by ray tracing, and use the photosynthetic rate-photon flux density curve fitting parameter values ​​measured by a photosynthetic instrument in three time periods of a day to obtain the photosynthetic rate of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three time periods of a day;

[0118] S5. Compare the photosynthetic rates of Polygonatum cyrtonema plant types under different canopy density environments, and select excellent plant types that can adapt to different light environments.

[0119] Based on the above embodiments, the differences in the base height, length, maximum width, central angle of the curved curvature of the leaves, angle of the leaves themselves, and angle of the connection between the leaves and the stems of Polygonatum cyrtonema have the following effects on the selection and breeding of Polygonatum cyrtonema varieties:

[0120] The height of the leaf base affects the distribution and arrangement of the leaves on the stem. A higher leaf base can reduce the shadow effect between leaves and improve the efficiency of light energy utilization. At the same time, the height of the leaf base also affects the ventilation and light penetration of the canopy.

[0121] Leaf length is directly related to leaf area, which in turn affects the efficiency of photosynthesis. Longer leaves can capture more light energy, but leaves that are too long may cause leaf overlap and shadow effects, reducing photosynthetic efficiency.

[0122] The widest width of the leaf determines the overall shape and area of ​​the leaf. Wider leaves can increase the photosynthetic area, but if they are too wide, they may cause leaf overlap and shading, affecting photosynthetic efficiency.

[0123] The curvature of the blade and the corresponding central angle affect the three-dimensional structure and light capture ability of the blade. Curved blades can capture light at different angles and improve the utilization rate of light energy, but excessive bending may cause blade overlap and light blocking.

[0124] The angle of the blade itself refers to the angle between the blade and the horizontal plane. This angle affects the light capture and water drainage capabilities of the blade. A larger angle helps water drainage, but may reduce the light capture area; a smaller angle increases the light capture area, but may cause water accumulation and light blocking.

[0125] The angle at which leaves join the stem affects the arrangement of leaves on the stem and the overall canopy structure. A larger angle may cause the leaves to spread more horizontally, increasing the light capture area; a smaller angle may cause the leaves to be arranged more vertically, improving ventilation and light penetration.

[0126] In summary, the above parameters were collected in order to fully understand and optimize the leaf morphology of Polygonatum cyrtonema, thereby improving its photosynthetic efficiency, environmental adaptability and overall growth performance, and ultimately breeding high-efficiency and high-quality varieties.

[0127] Based on the above embodiments, the differences in the stem height, stem bottom diameter and stem top diameter of Polygonatum cyrtonema have the following effects on the selection and breeding of Polygonatum cyrtonema varieties:

[0128] Stem height determines the overall height and canopy structure of the plant, and taller stems help improve the plant's light capture ability, especially in low-canopy environments. However, too tall stems make the plant unstable and increase the risk of lodging, especially in windy environments.

[0129] The stem base diameter reflects the strength and stability of the plant base. A thicker stem base diameter can provide better support and reduce the risk of lodging, especially when the stem height is high. However, an overly thick stem base will increase the plant's resource (nutrients, water, photosynthetic products) consumption.

[0130] The diameter of the top of the stem affects the strength and load-bearing capacity of the stem. A thicker diameter at the top of the stem can increase the mechanical strength of the stem and support more leaves and flowers, but it will also increase resource consumption. A thinner diameter at the top of the stem may reduce resource consumption, but it may also reduce mechanical strength and affect the stability and growth of the plant.

[0131] In summary, stem parameters jointly determine the growth stability, light capture ability, photosynthetic efficiency and overall adaptability of the plant. By accurately measuring and optimizing these parameters, it is possible to breed Polygonatum cyrtonema varieties that perform well under different canopy densities and light environments.

[0132] Based on the above examples, the difference in photosynthetically active radiation and net photosynthetic rate of Polygonatum cyrtonema has the following impact on the breeding of Polygonatum cyrtonema varieties:

[0133] Higher photosynthetically active radiation can provide more light energy for photosynthesis, thereby improving photosynthetic efficiency and growth rate. There may be significant differences in photosynthetically active radiation in different environments, and varieties that can maintain high photosynthetic efficiency in low photosynthetically active radiation environments have better adaptability.

[0134] A higher net photosynthetic rate means that plants can convert light energy into sugars more efficiently, thereby supporting faster growth and higher yields. A higher net photosynthetic rate can promote the accumulation of more sugars and other organic substances, which are the basis for plant growth and development.

[0135] In summary, in the selection and breeding of Polygonatum cyrtonema, photosynthetically active radiation and net photosynthetic rate jointly determine the photosynthetic efficiency and growth potential of the plant. By optimizing these two parameters, the photosynthetic efficiency and production performance of Polygonatum cyrtonema can be improved, and excellent varieties that adapt to different environmental conditions can be cultivated.

[0136] On the basis of the above embodiment, the morphological parameters of the plant leaves under different canopy densities are processed to generate a 9-column parameter matrix, each column of which is the height of the base of the leaf, the length of the leaf, the widest width of the leaf, the central angle corresponding to the curvature of the leaf, the angle of the leaf itself, the angle of the connection between the leaf and the stem, the X coordinate, the Y coordinate and the Z coordinate. The form of the 9-column parameter matrix is ​​as follows:

[0137]

[0138] 10% canopy density:

[0139] a 11 is the height of the blade base, a 12 is the blade length, a 13 is the widest width of the blade, a 14 is the central angle of the blade bending arc, a 15is the angle of the blade itself, a 16 is the angle between the leaf and the stem, x1 is the X coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, y1 is the Y coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, and z1 is the Z coordinate of the leaf in the vertical direction;

[0140] 40% canopy closure:

[0141] a 21 is the height of the blade base, a 22 is the blade length, a 23 is the widest width of the blade, a 24 is the central angle of the blade bending arc, a 25 is the angle of the blade itself, a 26 is the angle between the leaf and the stem, x2 is the X coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, y2 is the Y coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, and z2 is the Z coordinate of the leaf in the vertical direction;

[0142] 70% canopy closure:

[0143] a 31 is the height of the blade base, a 32 is the blade length, a 33 is the widest width of the blade, a 34 is the central angle of the blade bending arc, a 35 is the angle of the blade itself, a 36 is the angle between the leaf and the stem, x3 is the X coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, y3 is the Y coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, and z3 is the Z coordinate of the leaf in the vertical direction;

[0144] 100% canopy closure:

[0145] a 41 is the height of the blade base, a 42 is the blade length, a 43 is the widest width of the blade, a 44 is the central angle of the blade bending arc, a 45 is the angle of the blade itself, a 46 is the angle between the leaf and the stem, x4 is the X coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, y4 is the Y coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, and z4 is the Z coordinate of the leaf in the vertical direction.

[0146] Based on the above embodiment, the last 3 columns of the 9-column parameter matrix are extracted as the Cartesian coordinates of the blade, and the process of converting the Cartesian coordinates into polar coordinates is as follows:

[0147]

[0148] The polar diameter r1 of the blade is the distance from the origin to the point, and the calculation formula is Among them, the polar diameter of the leaf at 10% canopy density is r1(1), The polar diameter of the leaf at 40% canopy density is r1(2). The polar diameter of the leaf at 70% canopy density is r1(3). The polar diameter of the leaf at 100% canopy density is r1(4).

[0149] The azimuth angle θ of the blade is the angle between the projection of the point on the XY plane and the X-axis, and the calculation formula is:

[0150] The blade elevation angle φ is the angle between the point and the Z axis, and the calculation formula is

[0151] On the basis of the above embodiment, the blade angle is adjusted, the adjusted polar coordinates are converted back to Cartesian coordinates, and the adjusted 3-column Cartesian coordinate matrix is ​​merged with the first 6 columns in the original data to generate a new 9-column parameter matrix as follows:

[0152] Adjust the azimuth angle θ and elevation angle φ of the blade, increase Δθ and Δφ, and the azimuth angle θ′ and elevation angle φ′ of the blade after adjustment are as follows:

[0153] θ′=θ+Δθ

[0154] φ′=φ+Δφ

[0155] Wherein, θ′ is the azimuth angle of the adjusted blade, φ′ is the elevation angle of the adjusted blade, Δθ is the increased azimuth angle of the blade, and Δφ is the increased elevation angle of the blade;

[0156] Convert the adjusted spherical coordinates (r1,θ′,φ′) back to Cartesian coordinates (x′,y′,z′) and calculate x′, y′, and z′:

[0157] x′=rsin(φ′)cos(θ′)

[0158] y′=rsin(φ′)sin(θ′)

[0159] z′=rcos(φ′)

[0160] The new 9-column parameter matrix is ​​as follows:

[0161]

[0162] The precise position and orientation information of Polygonatum cyrtonema leaves in three-dimensional space were obtained by using the leaf base height, leaf length, widest leaf width, central angle corresponding to the leaf bending arc, leaf angle, angle of the connection between the leaf and the stem, X coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, Y coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane and Z coordinate of the leaf in the vertical direction in the new 9-column parameter matrix.

[0163] On the basis of the above embodiment, the stem parameters are used as model input values ​​to generate the geometric shape of the stem, calculate the stem bottom radius and the stem top radius, convert the cylindrical coordinates into Cartesian coordinates, and obtain the coordinates of each vertex in the following process:

[0164] Calculate the radii at the base and top of the stem:

[0165]

[0166] Among them, R b is the radius of the stem base, R t is the radius of the top of the stem, D b is the stem base diameter, D t is the diameter of the top of the stem;

[0167] Treat the stem as a cylinder, use the parametric equation of the cylinder to generate the vertex coordinates, and divide the cylinder into n equal angles and m equal heights;

[0168] Convert to Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z) according to the following formula:

[0169] x=r2cos(θ)

[0170] y=r2sin(θ)

[0171] z=z

[0172] Where r2 is the radius of the cylinder, that is, the radius R of the bottom of the stem b , z is the height of the point;

[0173] The coordinates of each vertex are calculated using the following formula:

[0174] The angle θ ranges from 0 to 2π, divided into n parts:

[0175]

[0176] Among them, θ i is the azimuth of the i-th vertex, 2π is the angle of a complete circle, i is the index of the current vertex, ranging from 0, 1, ..., n-1, n is the number of angle segments, indicating that the circumference is divided into n equal parts;

[0177] Each height is calculated according to the following formula:

[0178]

[0179] Among them, z j is the height of the jth stem, H is the total height of the stem, j is the segment index of the stem, ranging from 0, 1, ..., m, m is the number of height segments, indicating that the height H of the stem is divided into m segments;

[0180] The radius corresponding to each stem height is calculated according to the following formula:

[0181]

[0182] Among them, r i is the radius corresponding to the i-th vertex;

[0183] For each θ i and z j , calculate the corresponding Cartesian coordinates (x d ,y d ,z d ), based on the following formula:

[0184] x d =r j cos(θ i )

[0185] y d =r j sin(θ i )

[0186] z d =z j

[0187] Among them, x d is the x-coordinate of the point on the surface of the cylinder, y d is the y coordinate of the point on the surface of the cylinder, z d is the z coordinate of the point on the surface of the cylinder, and the coordinates of each vertex are (x d ,y d ,z d ).

[0188] Initialize a matrix of size (m+1)×L×3 to store the (x d ,y d ,z d ) coordinates, where m+1 is the number of rows of the M matrix, i.e. the number of plants, L is the number of columns of the M matrix, i.e. the number of vertices of each plant, and 3 represents the three coordinate values ​​of each vertex.

[0189] On the basis of the above embodiment, the X and Y coordinates of the plant are converted into polar coordinates, the rotation angle is determined, and then converted back to the Cartesian coordinate system, the M matrix storing the vertex coordinates of all plants is initialized, and the vertex coordinates of each plant are stored in the M matrix as follows:

[0190] Convert the X,Y coordinates of each vertex to polar coordinates, rotate them, and then convert them back to Cartesian coordinates;

[0191] Convert to polar coordinates:

[0192]

[0193] θ AB =arctan2(y AB , x AB )

[0194] Among them, r AB is the distance from the Bth vertex of the Ath plant to the origin, θ AB is the angle from the positive x-axis to the vertex counterclockwise, A and B are the indices of the plant and vertex;

[0195] Rotate by a specific angle Δθ AB , get the angle θ after rotation AB ′, the formula is as follows:

[0196] θ AB ′=θ AB +Δθ AB

[0197] Convert back to Cartesian coordinates:

[0198] x AB ′=r AB cos(θ AB ′)

[0199] y AB ′=r AB cos(θ AB ′)

[0200] Among them, x AB ′ is the Cartesian horizontal coordinate after rotation, y AB ′ is the Cartesian ordinate after rotation;

[0201] Put the new coordinates back into the matrix:

[0202] M(A×P+B)=(x AB ′,y AB ′,z AB ).

[0203] Initialize the M matrix that stores the coordinates of all plant vertices:

[0204] M = zeros((m+1)×P,3)

[0205] For each plant A and each vertex B, store the vertex coordinates:

[0206] M(A×P+B)=(x AB ,y AB , z AB )

[0207] Among them, x AB ,y AB , z AB are the X, Y, and Z coordinates of the Bth vertex of the Ath plant, P is the number of vertices of each plant, A ranges from 0 to m+1, and B ranges from 0 to L;

[0208] Based on the M matrix, the specific process of obtaining the position and shape of the stem of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three-dimensional space is as follows:

[0209] The process of obtaining the position of the stem of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three-dimensional space:

[0210] Extract the z coordinates of all vertices from the M matrix, find the minimum value in the z coordinates, which corresponds to the bottom position of the stem, find all vertices whose z coordinates are equal to the minimum z value, and these vertices form the circumference of the bottom of the stem. Determine the bottom position of the stem through the above multiple vertices;

[0211] Extract the z coordinates of all vertices from the M matrix, find the maximum value in the z coordinate, which corresponds to the top position of the stem, find all vertices whose z coordinates are equal to the maximum z value, these vertices form the circumference of the top of the stem, and determine the top position of the stem through the above multiple vertices;

[0212] The process of obtaining the morphology of the stem of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three-dimensional space:

[0213] Extract all vertices whose z coordinates are equal to the z value of the bottom from the M matrix to obtain the vertex coordinates of the bottom;

[0214] Extract all vertices whose z coordinates are equal to the top z value from the M matrix to obtain the vertex coordinates of the top;

[0215] Calculate the radius of the vertices at the bottom and top respectively to obtain the average radius of the bottom and top;

[0216] The height distribution is given by the z-coordinates of the vertices in the M matrix, and the z-coordinates range from the bottom z-value to the top z-value;

[0217] The geometric shape of the stem, including the radius change and height distribution, is determined through the coordinates of all vertices in the M matrix.

[0218] Based on the precise position and orientation information of the leaves of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three-dimensional space and the position and shape of the stems in three-dimensional space, a photosynthetic model of the canopy of Polygonatum cyrtonema was generated.

[0219] On the basis of the above embodiment, a ray tracing device is used to simulate the distribution of light in the canopy, and the canopy light distribution data of Polygonatum cyrtonema obtained by ray tracing is combined with the AQ curve fitting parameter values ​​of the three time periods of morning, noon and afternoon measured by the photosynthetic instrument. The process of obtaining the photosynthetic rate of Polygonatum cyrtonema in the three time periods of morning, noon and afternoon is as follows:

[0220] A ray tracing device was used to simulate the distribution of light in the canopy of Polygonatum cymbidium. The ray tracing device simulated the propagation and distribution of light in the canopy according to the base location, plant parameters (such as height, canopy diameter and planting density) and ambient light conditions, and generated light distribution data inside the canopy.

[0221] The specific process is as follows: input the geographic coordinates, time, date, weather conditions, and plant parameters into the ray tracing device, determine the position of the sun based on the geographic coordinates and time, use the solar position calculation model (such as solar altitude and azimuth), simulate the solar light source, determine the intensity of direct radiation and scattered radiation, emit a large amount of light from the solar light source, consider direct radiation and scattered radiation separately, trace the path of each ray of light, calculate the path of light propagation in the canopy, when the light meets the leaves, calculate the reflection, transmission and absorption of the light based on the optical properties of the leaves, record the intensity change of the light for each interaction point, accumulate the light intensity in each volume unit inside the canopy, calculate the photon flux density of each volume unit, and generate light distribution data inside the canopy.

[0222] The light distribution data generated by the ray tracing device is combined with the structure of the Polygonatum cymbidium canopy to obtain the light intensity data for each position inside the canopy. These data represent the light quantum flux density received at each position in the canopy during different time periods.

[0223] The photosynthetic rate-photon flux density curve of Polygonatum cyrtonema at different time periods was measured using a photosynthetic instrument, and the parameters of the photosynthetic rate-photon flux density curve were fitted using a nonlinear regression method. The formula is as follows:

[0224]

[0225] Where v is the photosynthetic rate, v max is the maximum photosynthetic rate, α is the initial slope of the light response curve, The canopy closure is β η The light quantum flux density under ηis the canopy closure, η is the type of canopy closure, and the range of η is 1, 2, ..., 4, where 1, 2, ..., 4 represent 10%, 40%, 70%, and 100% respectively.

[0226] Using the fitted photosynthetic rate-photon flux density curve parameters and light distribution data, the photosynthetic rates of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three time periods of the day were obtained:

[0227]

[0228] Among them, v η is the sum of the photosynthetic rates of one day under different canopy densities, are the photosynthetic rates at different canopy densities in the morning, noon and afternoon, respectively. max 1 、v max 2 、v max 3 are the maximum photosynthetic rates in the morning, noon, and afternoon, respectively. 1 , α 2 , α 3 are the initial slopes of the light response curve, The canopy density in the morning is β η The light quantum flux density, The canopy density at noon is β η The light quantum flux density, The canopy density in the afternoon is β η The light quantum flux density is from 6h to 10h in the morning, from 10h to 14h at noon, and from 14h to 18h in the afternoon.

[0229] On the basis of the above embodiments, the photosynthetic rates of Polygonatum cyrtonema plant types under different canopy density environments are compared, and the process of breeding excellent plant types that adapt to different light environments is as follows:

[0230] The photosynthetic rate of Polygonatum cyrtonema was recorded from 6h to 18h, and a table of photosynthetic rate of Polygonatum cyrtonema under different canopy densities was drawn, as follows:

[0231] Table 1 shows the photosynthetic rate of Polygonatum cyrtonema plant types under different canopy density environments

[0232] 6h 8h 10h 12h 14h 16h 18h Canopy closure 100% 192.84 479.72 498.03 396.98 489.13 501.09 199.71 Canopy density 70% 184.85 403.62 447.02 382.03 436.04 442.27 204.70 Canopy density 40% 226.93 564.37 551.69 411.76 529.55 597.35 243.62 Canopy density 10% 213.27 488.69 452.31 363.29 473.01 469.97 194.00

[0233] According to the above table, we know that v2>v1>v4>v3, that is, the photosynthetic rate of the Polygonatum cyrtonema under 40% canopy density is the highest, the photosynthetic rate of the Polygonatum cyrtonema under 10% canopy density is the second highest, the photosynthetic rate of the Polygonatum cyrtonema under 100% canopy density is the third highest, and the photosynthetic rate of the Polygonatum cyrtonema under 70% canopy density is the lowest. Therefore, the Polygonatum cyrtonema under 40% canopy density is the most suitable plant type for cultivation.

[0234] The above formulas are all dimensionless and numerical calculations. The formula is a formula for the most recent real situation obtained by collecting a large amount of data and performing software simulation. The preset parameters in the formula are set by technicians in this field according to actual conditions.

[0235] The above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any other combination thereof. When implemented by software, the above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. Those skilled in the art may appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed by hardware or software methods depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0236] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, and may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0237] The above description is only a specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for breeding Polygonatum cyrtonema based on a canopy photosynthetic model, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. setting four different canopy densities for the stems of Polygonatum cyrtonema, the four canopy densities are 10%, 40%, 70%, and 100%, respectively, collecting the morphological parameters, stem parameters, and photosynthetic capacity parameters of the leaves of the plants under different canopy densities, the morphological parameters of the leaves of the plants including the base height of the leaves, the length of the leaves, the widest width of the leaves, the central angle corresponding to the curvature of the leaves, the angle of the leaves themselves, and the angle of the connection between the leaves and the stems, the stem parameters including the stem height, the diameter of the stem bottom, and the diameter of the stem top, and the photosynthetic capacity parameters including photosynthetically active radiation and net photosynthetic rate; S2. Process the morphological parameters of the leaves of plants under different canopy densities to generate a 9-column parameter matrix, each column of which is the base height of the leaf, the length of the leaf, the widest width of the leaf, the central angle corresponding to the curvature of the leaf, the angle of the leaf itself, the angle of the connection between the leaf and the stem, the X coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, the Y coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, and the Z coordinate of the leaf in the vertical direction. The last 3 columns of the 9-column parameter matrix are extracted as the Cartesian coordinates of the leaf, the Cartesian coordinates are converted into polar coordinates, and the azimuth and elevation of the leaf are adjusted. The adjusted polar coordinates are converted back to Cartesian coordinates, and the adjusted 3-column Cartesian coordinate matrix is ​​merged with the first 6 columns in the original data to generate a new 9-column parameter matrix. Based on the new 9-column parameter matrix, the precise position and direction information of the Polygonatum cyrtonema leaves in three-dimensional space is obtained; S3. Using the stem parameters as model input values, generating the geometric shape of the stem, calculating the stem bottom radius and the stem top radius, converting the cylindrical coordinates into Cartesian coordinates, obtaining the coordinates of each vertex, initializing the M matrix storing the vertex coordinates of all plants, converting the X and Y coordinates of the plants into polar coordinates, determining the rotation angle, and then converting back to the Cartesian coordinate system, and storing the vertex coordinates of each plant in the M matrix, and obtaining the position and shape of the stem of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three-dimensional space based on the M matrix; S4. Generate a photosynthetic model of the canopy of Polygonatum cyrtonema based on the precise position and direction information of the leaves of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three-dimensional space and the position and shape of the stems in three-dimensional space, use a ray tracing device to simulate the distribution of light in the canopy, combine the light distribution data of the canopy of Polygonatum cyrtonema obtained by ray tracing, and use the photosynthetic rate-photon flux density curve fitting parameter values ​​measured by a photosynthetic instrument in three time periods of a day to obtain the photosynthetic rate of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three time periods of a day; S5. Compare the photosynthetic rates of Polygonatum cyrtonema plant types under different canopy density environments, and select excellent plant types that can adapt to different light environments.

2. The method for selecting and breeding Polygonatum cyrtonema varieties based on a canopy photosynthesis model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The morphological parameters of the leaves of plants under different canopy densities were processed to generate a 9-column parameter matrix. Each column was the height of the leaf base, the length of the leaf, the widest width of the leaf, the central angle of the leaf bending arc, the angle of the leaf itself, the angle of the connection between the leaf and the stem, the X coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, the Y coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, and the Z coordinate of the leaf in the vertical direction. The form of the 9-column parameter matrix is ​​as follows: 10% canopy density: a 11 is the height of the blade base, a 12 is the blade length, a 13 is the widest width of the blade, a 14 is the central angle of the blade bending arc, a 15 is the angle of the blade itself, a 16 is the angle between the leaf and the stem, x1 is the X coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, y1 is the Y coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, and z1 is the Z coordinate of the leaf in the vertical direction; 40% canopy density: a 21 is the height of the blade base, a 22 is the blade length, a 23 is the widest width of the blade, a 24 is the central angle of the blade bending arc, a 25 is the angle of the blade itself, a 26 is the angle between the leaf and the stem, x2 is the X coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, y2 is the Y coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, and z2 is the Z coordinate of the leaf in the vertical direction; 70% canopy closure: a 31 is the height of the blade base, a 32 is the blade length, a 33 is the widest width of the blade, a 34 is the central angle of the blade bending arc, a 35 is the angle of the blade itself, a 36 is the angle between the leaf and the stem, x3 is the X coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, y3 is the Y coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, and z3 is the Z coordinate of the leaf in the vertical direction; 100% canopy closure: a 41 is the height of the blade base, a 42 is the blade length, a 43 is the widest width of the blade, a 44 is the central angle of the blade bending arc, a 45 is the angle of the blade itself, a 46 is the angle between the leaf and the stem, x4 is the X coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, y4 is the Y coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, and z4 is the Z coordinate of the leaf in the vertical direction.

3. The method for selecting and breeding Polygonatum cyrtonema varieties based on a canopy photosynthesis model according to claim 2, characterized in that: The last 3 columns of the 9-column parameter matrix are extracted as the Cartesian coordinates of the blade. The process of converting the Cartesian coordinates into polar coordinates is as follows: The polar diameter r1 of the blade is the distance from the origin to the point, and the calculation formula is The azimuth angle θ of the blade is the angle between the projection of the point on the XY plane and the X-axis, and the calculation formula is: The blade elevation angle φ is the angle between the point and the Z axis, and the calculation formula is 4. The method for selecting and breeding Polygonatum cyrtonema varieties based on a canopy photosynthetic model according to claim 3, characterized in that: The azimuth and elevation of the leaves were adjusted, the adjusted polar coordinates were converted back to Cartesian coordinates, and the adjusted 3-column Cartesian coordinate matrix was merged with the first 6 columns in the original data to generate a new 9-column parameter matrix. Based on the new 9-column parameter matrix, the precise position and direction information of the leaves of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three-dimensional space was obtained as follows: Adjust the azimuth angle θ and elevation angle φ of the blade, increase Δθ and Δφ, and the azimuth angle θ′ and elevation angle φ′ of the blade after adjustment are as follows: θ′=θ+Δθ φ′=φ+Δφ Wherein, θ′ is the azimuth angle of the adjusted blade, φ′ is the elevation angle of the adjusted blade, Δθ is the increased azimuth angle of the blade, and Δφ is the increased elevation angle of the blade; Convert the adjusted spherical coordinates (r1,θ′,φ′) back to Cartesian coordinates (x′,y′,z′) and calculate x′, y′, and z′: x′=rsin(φ′)cos(θ′) y′=rsin(φ′)sin(θ′) z′=rcos(φ′) The new 9-column parameter matrix is ​​as follows: The precise position and orientation information of Polygonatum cyrtonema leaves in three-dimensional space were obtained by using the leaf base height, leaf length, widest leaf width, central angle corresponding to the leaf bending arc, leaf angle, angle of the connection between the leaf and the stem, X coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane, Y coordinate of the leaf on the horizontal plane and Z coordinate of the leaf in the vertical direction in the new 9-column parameter matrix.

5. The method for selecting and breeding Polygonatum cyrtonema varieties based on a canopy photosynthetic model according to claim 4, characterized in that: The process of using the stem parameters as model input values, generating the geometric shape of the stem, calculating the stem bottom radius and the stem top radius, converting the cylindrical coordinates into Cartesian coordinates, and obtaining the coordinates of each vertex is as follows: Calculate the radius at the base and top of the stem: Among them, R b is the radius of the stem base, R t is the radius of the top of the stem, D b is the stem base diameter, D t is the diameter of the top of the stem; Treat the stem as a cylinder, use the parametric equation of the cylinder to generate the vertex coordinates, and divide the cylinder into n equal angles and m equal heights; Convert to Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z) according to the following formula: x=r2cos(θ) y=r2sin(θ) z=z Where r2 is the radius of the cylinder, that is, the radius R of the bottom of the stem b , z is the height of the point; The coordinates of each vertex are calculated using the following formula: The angle θ ranges from 0 to 2π, divided into n parts: Among them, θ i is the azimuth of the i-th vertex, 2π is the angle of a complete circle, i is the index of the current vertex, ranging from 0, 1, ..., n-1, n is the number of angle segments, indicating that the circumference is divided into n equal parts; Each height is calculated according to the following formula: Among them, z j is the height of the jth stem, H is the total height of the stem, j is the segment index of the stem, ranging from 0, 1, ..., m, m is the number of height segments, indicating that the height H of the stem is divided into m segments; Calculate the radius corresponding to each height according to the following formula: Among them, r i is the radius corresponding to the i-th vertex; For each θ i and z j , calculate the corresponding Cartesian coordinates (x d ,y d ,z d ), based on the following formula: x d =r j cos(θ i ) y d =r j sin(θ i ) With d =from j Among them, x d is the x-coordinate of the point on the surface of the cylinder, y d is the y coordinate of the point on the surface of the cylinder, z d is the z coordinate of the point on the surface of the cylinder, and the coordinates of each vertex are (x d ,y d ,z d ); Initialize a matrix of size (m+1)×L×3 to store the (x d ,y d ,z d ) coordinates, where m+1 is the number of rows of the M matrix, i.e. the number of plants, L is the number of columns of the M matrix, i.e. the number of vertices of each plant, and 3 represents the three coordinate values ​​of each vertex.

6. The method for selecting and breeding Polygonatum cyrtonema varieties based on a canopy photosynthesis model according to claim 5, characterized in that: The X and Y coordinates of the plant are converted into polar coordinates, the rotation angle is determined, and then converted back to the Cartesian coordinate system. The M matrix storing the vertex coordinates of all plants is initialized, and the vertex coordinates of each plant are stored in the M matrix. Based on the M matrix, the process of obtaining the position and shape of the stem of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three-dimensional space is as follows: Convert the X,Y coordinates of each vertex to polar coordinates, rotate them, and then convert them back to Cartesian coordinates; Convert to polar coordinates: θ AB =arctan2(y AB x AB ) Among them, r AB is the distance from the Bth vertex of the Ath plant to the origin, θ AB is the angle from the positive x-axis to the vertex counterclockwise, A and B are the indices of the plant and vertex; Rotate by a specific angle Δθ AB , get the angle θ after rotation AB ′, the formula is as follows: i AB ′=θ AB +Δθ AB Convert back to Cartesian coordinates: x AB ′=r AB cos(θ AB ′) y AB ′=r AB cos(θ AB ′) Among them, x AB ′ is the Cartesian abscissa after rotation, y AB ′ is the Cartesian ordinate after rotation; Put the new coordinates back into the matrix: M(A×P+B)=(x AB ′,y AB ′,z AB ) Initialize the M matrix that stores the coordinates of all plant vertices: M = zeros((m+1)×P,3) For each plant A and each vertex B, store the vertex coordinates: M(A×P+B)=(x AB ,y AB ,z AB ) Among them, x AB ,y AB , z AB are the X, Y, and Z coordinates of the Bth vertex of the Ath plant, P is the number of vertices of each plant, A ranges from 0 to m+1, and B ranges from 0 to L; Based on the M matrix, the specific process of obtaining the position and shape of the stem of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three-dimensional space is as follows: The process of obtaining the position of the stem of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three-dimensional space: Extract the z coordinates of all vertices from the M matrix, find the minimum value in the z coordinates, which corresponds to the bottom position of the stem, find all vertices whose z coordinates are equal to the minimum z value, and these vertices form the circumference of the bottom of the stem. Determine the bottom position of the stem through the above multiple vertices; Extract the z coordinates of all vertices from the M matrix, find the maximum value in the z coordinate, which corresponds to the top position of the stem, find all vertices whose z coordinates are equal to the maximum z value, these vertices form the circumference of the top of the stem, and determine the top position of the stem through the above multiple vertices; The process of obtaining the morphology of the stem of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three-dimensional space: Extract all vertices whose z coordinates are equal to the z value of the bottom from the M matrix to obtain the vertex coordinates of the bottom; Extract all vertices whose z coordinates are equal to the top z value from the M matrix to obtain the vertex coordinates of the top; Calculate the radius of the vertices at the bottom and top respectively to obtain the average radius of the bottom and top; The height distribution is given by the z coordinates of the vertices in the M matrix, which range from the bottom z value to the top z value; through all the vertex coordinates in the M matrix, the geometric shape of the stem is determined, including the radius variation and height distribution.

7. The method for selecting and breeding Polygonatum cyrtonema varieties based on a canopy photosynthetic model according to claim 6, characterized in that: The ray tracing equipment was used to simulate the distribution of light in the canopy. Combined with the canopy light distribution data of Polygonatum cyrtonema obtained by ray tracing, the photosynthetic rate-photon flux density curve fitting parameter values ​​in three time periods of the day measured by the photosynthetic meter were used to obtain the photosynthetic rate of Polygonatum cyrtonema in three time periods of the day as follows: Use a ray tracing device to simulate the distribution of light in the canopy of Polygonatum cyrtonema. The ray tracing device simulates the propagation and distribution of light in the canopy according to the base location, such as height, canopy diameter and planting density, as well as ambient light conditions, and generates light distribution data inside the canopy; The light distribution data generated by the ray tracing device is combined with the structure of the Polygonatum cymbidium canopy to obtain the light intensity data for each position inside the canopy. These data represent the light quantum flux density received at each position in the canopy during different time periods. The photosynthetic rate-photon flux density curve of Polygonatum cyrtonema at different time periods was measured using a photosynthetic instrument, and the parameters of the photosynthetic rate-photon flux density curve were fitted using a nonlinear regression method. The formula is as follows: Where v is the photosynthetic rate, v max is the maximum photosynthetic rate, α is the initial slope of the light response curve, The canopy closure is β η The light quantum flux density under η is the canopy closure, η is the type of canopy closure, and the range of η is 1, 2, ..., 4, where 1, 2, ..., 4 represent 10%, 40%, 70%, and 100% respectively; Using the fitted photosynthetic rate-photon flux density curve parameters and light distribution data, the photosynthetic rates in three time periods of the day are obtained: Among them, v η is the sum of the photosynthetic rates of one day under different canopy densities, are the photosynthetic rates at different canopy densities in the morning, noon and afternoon, respectively. max 1 、v max 2 、v max 3 are the maximum photosynthetic rates in the morning, noon, and afternoon, respectively. 1 , α 2 , α 3 are the initial slopes of the light response curve, The canopy density in the morning is β η The light quantum flux density, The canopy density at noon is β η The light quantum flux density, The canopy density in the afternoon is β η The light quantum flux density.

8. The method for breeding Polygonatum cyrtonema based on canopy photosynthesis model according to claim 7, characterized in that: The process of comparing the photosynthetic rates of Polygonatum cyrtonema plant types under different canopy density environments and selecting excellent plant types that adapt to different light environments is as follows: According to the recorded photosynthetic rate of the Polygonatum cyrtonema plant from 6h to 18h, it was found that v2>v1>v4>v3, that is, the photosynthetic rate of the Polygonatum cyrtonema plant under 40% canopy density was the highest, the photosynthetic rate of the Polygonatum cyrtonema plant under 10% canopy density was the second highest, the photosynthetic rate of the Polygonatum cyrtonema plant under 100% canopy density was the third highest, and the photosynthetic rate of the Polygonatum cyrtonema plant under 40% canopy density was the lowest. Therefore, the Polygonatum cyrtonema plant under 40% canopy density is the most suitable plant type for cultivation.

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