Integrated board for fuel cell, manufacturing method of integrated board, cell membrane electrode and fuel cell

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated plate for a fuel cell and a manufacturing method thereof, a cell membrane electrode and a fuel cell, the integrated plate comprises a functional part, the functional part is provided with at least two layers of functional layers which are stacked and are of porous network structures, holes in the at least two layers of functional layers are three-dimensional through holes with the average pore size of micro-nano scale, and the functional layers are arranged in the functional part. The three-dimensional through holes in the at least two functional layers are communicated with each other to form a three-dimensional capillary pore channel for gas and liquid transmission; by taking the state that the integrated plate is arranged on the outer side of the catalyst layer of the fuel cell as a reference, the average pore diameters of the three-dimensional through holes in the at least two functional layers are gradually reduced from outside to inside, namely, the average pore diameters of the three-dimensional through holes in the functional layers are in gradient distribution. The manufacturing method of the integrated plate is simple and reasonable, and the obtained integrated plate integrates multiple functions of uniform gas guide, good water / steam drainage, excellent electric conduction and heat conduction performance, ultra-thin / integrated structure and the like, and meets the use requirements of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cells, and in particular to an integrated board for a fuel cell and a manufacturing method thereof, a battery membrane electrode, and a fuel cell. Background Art

[0002] The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) commonly used in hydrogen fuel cells is a power generation device that uses hydrogen as fuel and directly converts the chemical energy in the fuel (hydrogen and oxygen) into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions. It has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, zero emissions, and no noise. At present, the basic structure of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell mainly includes four parts: bipolar plate, diffusion layer, catalyst layer and proton exchange membrane. Among them, the bipolar plate plays the role of supporting the electrode, providing a channel for transporting hydrogen and oxygen, discharging water generated by electrochemical reactions, connecting the electrode with the external circuit, and dissipating heat in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; the diffusion layer provides a corresponding channel for the gas to diffuse from the bipolar plate to the catalyst layer; the catalyst layer is mainly made of nano-metal platinum material, which is convenient for hydrogen to be decomposed into atoms and protons; the proton exchange membrane has the function of preventing the gas between the cathode and the anode from communicating, having good conductivity for hydrated protons and releasing electrons to form electrical energy. The wet proton exchange membrane is equivalent to the electrolyte of the fuel cell. In short, the above four parts of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell can realize the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen transmitted from two different directions on the proton exchange membrane, and the generated water (gas) is discharged through the diffusion layer and the flow layer.

[0003] In the existing proton exchange membrane fuel cell structure, the bipolar plate mainly adopts a graphite bipolar plate, a stainless steel bipolar plate, or a composite bipolar plate structure formed by a composite of graphite and polymer materials, and the diffusion layer usually adopts carbon paper. However, the existing bipolar plate and diffusion layer combination structure has the following shortcomings when used: ① The overall capillary effect of the bipolar plate and the diffusion layer or the action of the gradient capillary force is uncontrollable, which can easily lead to "flooding" phenomenon (i.e., water vapor blocking the pores).

[0004] ② The pore size changes when the gas is transmitted from the bipolar plate to the diffusion layer and then to the catalytic layer are complex, resulting in uneven gas distribution.

[0005] ③ Because the diffusion layer uses carbon paper, which is composed of mixed short carbon fibers, it has the disadvantages of being relatively soft, irregular and very large pore size. When the carbon paper is placed between the bipolar plate and the catalyst layer, not only is it relatively difficult to bond the carbon paper to the interface between the bipolar plate and the catalyst layer, but also the surface structure is relatively coarse, resulting in a relatively thick catalyst layer, which increases the cost and affects the catalytic effect.

[0006] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects, the present invention provides an integrated board for a fuel cell and a manufacturing method thereof, a battery membrane electrode, and a fuel cell. The manufacturing method is simple and reasonable, and can realize automated, large-scale, and low-cost processing and production. The obtained integrated board integrates multiple functions such as uniform gas conduction, good water drainage / water vapor drainage, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, and ultra-thin / integrated structure, which well meets the assembly and use requirements of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: an integrated board for a fuel cell, comprising a functional part, wherein the functional part is provided with at least two stacked functional layers, at least two of the functional layers are porous network structures made of thermally conductive and electrically conductive materials, the holes in at least two of the functional layers are three-dimensional through holes with an average pore size of micro-nano level, and the three-dimensional through holes in at least two of the functional layers are interconnected to form three-dimensional capillary channels for gas supply and liquid transmission; And based on the state in which the integrated board is arranged on the outside of the catalyst layer of the fuel cell, at least two functional layers in the functional part are stacked in the inside-outside direction, and the average pore size of the three-dimensional through holes in at least two functional layers decreases from the outside to the inside, that is, the average pore size of the three-dimensional through holes in the functional part presents a gradient distribution.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, in the functional part, an average pore size of the three-dimensional through holes in the outermost functional layer differs from an average pore size of the three-dimensional through holes in the innermost functional layer by at least one order of magnitude.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the functional part is composed of two functional layers, which are respectively defined as a first functional layer and a second functional layer, the first functional layer is located on the inner side of the second functional layer, and the average pore size of the three-dimensional through holes in the first functional layer is 2 to 3 μm, and the average pore size of the three-dimensional through holes in the second functional layer is 35 to 40 μm.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the porosity of the functional layer located at the outermost layer is 30% to 90%; the porosity of the functional layer located at the innermost layer is 40% to 80%.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the functional part is an integrated structure; In the functional part, at least two functional layers are made of the same material, the thickness of at least two functional layers is 30-100 μm, and the thickness of at least two functional layers is the same or different.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, a supporting portion is further provided, and the supporting portion is arranged on the outer side of an outermost functional layer of the functional portion.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the support portion is made of a stainless steel sheet with a thickness of 20 to 40 μm; the support portion is fixedly connected to the functional layer by high-temperature sintering or welding.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the functional parts are configured into two groups, the two groups of functional parts are arranged in mirror symmetry, and the supporting part is fixedly arranged between the two groups of functional parts.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing an integrated board for a fuel cell, comprising the following manufacturing steps: S1: production function part; Prepare slurry A and slurry B, wherein, by weight percentage, the slurry A comprises 50% to 65% of metal powder, 10% to 20% of binder, 3% to 7% of deionized water, 6% to 10% of organic solvent and 15% to 20% of pore-forming agent, and the slurry B comprises 55% to 75% of metal powder, 8% to 20% of binder, 2% to 8% of deionized water, 6% to 12% of organic solvent and 6% to 11% of pore-forming agent, and the metal powder is fine nickel powder or ultrafine nickel powder with a particle size of 0.5 to 50 μm; The slurry A and the slurry B are used to process a blank having a two-layer composite structure, that is, the blank is composed of two layers of stacked functional layer prototypes; wherein the two layers of the functional layer prototypes are both porous network structures, the holes in the two layers of the functional layer prototypes are three-dimensional through holes with an average pore size of micro-nanoscale, and are interconnected, and the average pore sizes of the three-dimensional through holes in the two layers of the functional layer prototypes are different and are distributed in a gradient manner; The functional part is obtained by subjecting the blank to a thermomechanical treatment. Accordingly, the functional layer prototype after the thermomechanical treatment is defined as a functional layer. S2: Providing a supporting part, wherein the supporting part is made of a stainless steel sheet with a thickness of 20 to 40 μm; after the supporting part is stacked with the functional part in a manner of directly abutting against a functional layer with a relatively large average pore size, the supporting part is fixedly connected together by high-temperature sintering or welding, thereby obtaining the integrated board.

[0017] The present invention also provides a battery membrane electrode, comprising the integrated plate for fuel cells as described in the present invention and a catalytic membrane layer covering the inner side of the functional layer of the innermost layer of the integrated plate for fuel cells.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, the catalytic film layer is coated on the inner side of the functional layer by spraying, sputtering or electroplating, and the adhesion amount of the catalytic film layer per unit area on the inner side of the functional layer is 0.01-0.2 mg / cm 2 .

[0019] The present invention also provides a fuel cell, comprising a battery unit, wherein the battery unit is provided with a proton exchange membrane, a catalyst layer and an integrated plate stacked in sequence from the inside to the outside, and the integrated plate is the integrated plate for the fuel cell as described in the present invention.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1) Compared with the prior art, the integrated board of the present invention integrates multiple functions such as uniform gas conduction, good drainage / water vapor drainage, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, ultra-thin structure / integrated structure, and easy integrated assembly, which well meets the assembly and use requirements of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. 2) The manufacturing method of the integrated board for fuel cells provided by the present invention is simple and reasonable, and can realize automated, large-scale, and low-cost processing and production, which is conducive to promotion and implementation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing an integrated board for a fuel cell according to Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the integrated board for a fuel cell according to Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an integrated board for a fuel cell according to Example 4 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the battery membrane electrode according to Example 5 of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the partial cross-sectional structure of the fuel cell described in Example 6 of the present invention.

[0022] Combined with the attached drawings, the following description is given: 1. Integrated board; 10. Functional part; 101. First functional layer; 102. Second functional layer; 11. Support part; 2. Catalytic membrane layer; 3. Proton exchange membrane; 4. Catalytic layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the present application is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0024] The present application provides an integrated board for fuel cells and a manufacturing method thereof, a battery membrane electrode, and a fuel cell. The manufacturing method of the integrated board is simple and reasonable, and can realize automated, large-scale, low-cost, and efficient processing and production. The resulting integrated board integrates multiple functions such as uniform gas conduction, good drainage / water vapor drainage, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, ultra-thin / integrated structure, and easy integrated assembly, which well meets the assembly and use requirements of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The reason for this is that the present application optimizes and innovates the structure and manufacturing method of the integrated board for fuel cells, as described below: Embodiment 1:

[0025] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment 1 provides a method for manufacturing an integrated board for a fuel cell, comprising the following manufacturing steps: S1: Make functional part 10.

[0026] S11: Prepare slurry A and slurry B.

[0027] Specifically, the slurry A is prepared by uniformly mixing 60Kg of nickel powder (particle size of 10μm), 12Kg of binder (α-starch), 3Kg of deionized water, 7Kg of organic solvent (dimethylformamide DMF) and 18Kg of pore-forming agent (polypropylene); the slurry B is prepared by uniformly mixing 70Kg of nickel powder (particle size of 10μm), 10Kg of binder (α-starch), 2Kg of deionized water, 8Kg of organic solvent (dimethylformamide DMF) and 10Kg of pore-forming agent (polypropylene).

[0028] Description: ① In the raw material formula of the above-mentioned slurry A and slurry B, the nickel powder has excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. Using it as the main material to prepare the functional layer can well meet the requirements of the integrated board products for electrical and thermal conductivity; the deionized water and the organic solvent are used to dissolve the binder and disperse the nickel powder and the pore-forming agent, and in addition to the above-mentioned dimethylformamide DMF, the organic solvent can also preferably use at least one of propanol, isopropanol, acetone, toluene, xylene, pinene alcohol, triethanolamine, isophorone and dibasic acid ester; the binder is used to bond the nickel powder and the pore-forming agent, and in addition to the above-mentioned α-starch, the binder can also preferably use dextrin, etc.; the pore-forming agent is used to generate through holes in the functional layer structure, and in addition to the above-mentioned polypropylene, the pore-forming agent can also preferably use polyethylene, etc. ② From the raw material formula of the above slurry A and slurry B, it can be seen that the materials in the slurry A and the slurry B are the same, so that the interface between the following two functional layer prototypes / functional layers can be easily bonded and the bonding strength is high.

[0029] S12: The slurry A and the slurry B are used to process a blank having a two-layer composite structure, that is, the blank is composed of two stacked functional layer prototypes.

[0030] Specifically, in this embodiment 1, the blank is manufactured by adopting a composite coating process or a composite rolling process, and the composite coating process is taken as an example for description below.

[0031] First, the slurry A is processed into a first functional layer prototype with a thickness of 40±3μm by a coating machine. After the first functional layer prototype is dried, the slurry B is coated on one surface of the first functional layer prototype by a coating machine to obtain a second functional layer prototype with a thickness of 60±3μm. After both layers of the functional layer prototypes are dried, the blank is obtained.

[0032] After testing, the two layers of the functional layer prototypes in the blank are both porous network structures, and the porosity of the first layer of the functional layer prototype is 90%, and the holes in the first layer of the functional layer prototype are three-dimensional through holes with an average pore size of about 35μm; the porosity of the second layer of the functional layer prototype is 75%, and the holes in the second layer of the functional layer prototype are three-dimensional through holes with an average pore size of about 3μm. It can be understood that the three-dimensional through holes in the two layers of the functional layer prototypes are interconnected, and the average pore sizes of the three-dimensional through holes in the two layers of the functional layer prototypes are different and differ by one order of magnitude. Therefore, the average pore size of the three-dimensional through holes in the two layers of the functional layer prototypes presents a gradient distribution.

[0033] Supplementary explanation: The thickness of the two layers of the functional layer prototypes can be determined according to product design requirements. In some embodiments, the thickness of the two layers of the functional layer prototypes can be designed to be the same.

[0034] S13: performing thermomechanical treatment on the blank to obtain the functional part 10.

[0035] Specifically, the above-mentioned thermomechanical treatment can preferably adopt a high temperature sintering process, and the specific processing conditions are preferably controlled as follows: nitrogen is used as the protective gas, hydrogen is used as the reducing gas, and sintering is performed at 750-1000°C for 60-120 minutes. Furthermore, sintering at 900°C for 45 minutes can be preferably adopted.

[0036] In addition, to facilitate the description of the manufacturing method, this embodiment 1 also defines the functional layer prototype after the thermomechanical treatment as a functional layer. Correspondingly, the functional part 10 is composed of two stacked functional layers.

[0037] S2: Provide a support part 11, wherein the support part 11 is made of a stainless steel sheet with a thickness of 20 to 40 μm (e.g., a stainless steel sheet with a thickness of 30 μm can be preferably used), and the stainless steel material can preferably be 304 stainless steel, 316L stainless steel or 310S stainless steel; after the support part 11 is stacked with the functional part 10 in a manner of directly abutting against the functional layer with a relatively large average pore size, the support part 11 is fixedly connected together by high-temperature sintering or welding, so as to obtain the integrated board, which can be referred to in the attached Figure 2 shown.

[0038] For details, please refer to the attached Figure 2 As shown, if the functional layer made of the slurry B is defined as the first functional layer 101, and the functional layer made of the slurry A is defined as the second functional layer 102, accordingly, the thickness of the first functional layer 101 is about 60 μm, the porosity is 75%, and the holes in the first functional layer 101 are three-dimensional through holes with an average pore size of about 3 μm, the thickness of the second functional layer 102 is about 40 μm, the porosity is 90%, and the holes in the second functional layer 102 are three-dimensional through holes with an average pore size of about 35 μm.

[0039] Based on the structural characteristics of the first functional layer 101 and the second functional layer 102, in this embodiment 1, the support part 11 is stacked on the side of the second functional layer 102 facing away from the first functional layer 101, and then fixedly connected with the second functional layer 102 and the first functional layer 101 through a high-temperature sintering process to obtain the integrated board. The specific processing conditions of the high-temperature sintering process can be optimally controlled as follows: nitrogen is used as the protective gas, hydrogen is used as the reducing gas; and sintering is performed at 750-1000°C for 15-60 minutes; further, sintering at 900°C for 30 minutes can be preferably used.

[0040] It can be seen from the above-mentioned integrated board manufacturing method that the integrated board prepared in this embodiment 1 can be summarized as follows: Figure 2As shown, the integrated board includes a functional part 10 and a supporting part 11, wherein the functional part 10 is an integrated structure composed of two stacked functional layers, the two functional layers are respectively defined as a first functional layer 101 and a second functional layer 102, the first functional layer 101 and the second functional layer 102 are made of the same material and are both porous network structures, and the thickness of the first functional layer 101 is about 60 μm and the porosity is 75%, the holes in the first functional layer 101 are three-dimensional through holes with an average pore size of about 3 μm, the thickness of the second functional layer 102 is about 40 μm and the porosity is 90%, and the holes in the second functional layer 102 are three-dimensional through holes with an average pore size of about 35 μm, That is: the thickness of the first functional layer 101 and the second functional layer 102 are different, and while the three-dimensional through holes in the first functional layer 101 and the second functional layer 102 are interconnected, the average pore size of the three-dimensional through holes in the first functional layer 101 and the second functional layer 102 also presents a gradient distribution (a gradient distribution due to the different average pore sizes of the three-dimensional through holes) to form three-dimensional capillary channels for gas and liquid transmission; the support portion 11 is made of a stainless steel sheet with a thickness of 20 to 40 μm, and the support portion 11 is fixed and stacked on the side of the second functional layer 102 facing away from the first functional layer 101, so as to play a supporting and reinforcing role while ensuring that the overall structure of the integrated board is ultra-thin.

[0041] When the integrated board is applied and arranged on the outside of the catalyst layer of the fuel cell, the side of the first functional layer 101 facing away from the second functional layer 102 is in direct contact with the catalyst layer. It can be understood that the first functional layer 101 is located on the inside of the second functional layer 102, and the average pore size of the three-dimensional through holes on the first functional layer 101 and the second functional layer 102 presents a gradient distribution that decreases from the outside to the inside; then, ① by virtue of the material properties of the functional layer and the micro-nanoscale three-dimensional through holes formed, the functional part 10 can have good electrical / thermal conductivity and excellent three-dimensional through hole capillary properties, and based on the excellent three-dimensional through hole capillary properties, it can ensure that the working fluid (such as gas, water, water vapor) is evenly transmitted in the three-dimensional capillary channels of the functional part 10 without "flooding"; ② by virtue of the functional part The average pore size of the three-dimensional through holes on 10 presents a gradient distribution that decreases from the outside to the inside, especially: the average pore size of the three-dimensional through holes in a functional layer located in the outer layer (such as the second functional layer 102) is also different from the average pore size of the three-dimensional through holes in a functional layer located in the inner layer (such as the first functional layer 101) by at least one order of magnitude, which can make the three-dimensional capillary channels on the functional part 10 present a significantly decreasing step-like change state from the outside to the inside. On the one hand, this can further improve the uniformity and irreversibility of the working fluid transmission, and on the other hand, it can also effectively improve the interface bonding effect between the functional layer located in the inner layer (such as the first functional layer 101) and the catalyst layer of the fuel cell, thereby effectively improving the catalytic effect of the catalyst layer, and effectively controlling the amount / adhesion amount of the catalyst layer and reducing the production cost of the fuel cell.

[0042] In summary, the integrated board prepared in Example 1 integrates multiple functions such as uniform gas conduction, good water drainage / water vapor drainage, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, ultra-thin / integrated structure, and easy integrated assembly, which well meets the assembly and use requirements of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Embodiment 2:

[0043] This embodiment 2 also provides a method for manufacturing an integrated board for a fuel cell, and compared with the embodiment 1, the manufacturing method provided in this embodiment 2 is different in that: ① When manufacturing the functional part 10 in this embodiment 2, the raw material formula of the slurry A and the slurry B used is different from that in the embodiment 1. ② The structural characteristics of the two functional layers in the functional part 10 obtained in this embodiment 2 are different from those in the embodiment 1.

[0044] Specifically, regarding the above-mentioned difference ①.

[0045] The raw material formulas of slurry A and slurry B used in this Example 2 are as follows: slurry A is prepared by mixing 65Kg of nickel powder (particle size of 20μm), 10Kg of binder (α-starch), 3Kg of deionized water, 6Kg of organic solvent (dimethylformamide DMF) and 16Kg of pore-forming agent (polypropylene); slurry B is prepared by mixing 75Kg of nickel powder (particle size of 20μm), 8Kg of binder (α-starch), 3Kg of deionized water, 8Kg of organic solvent (dimethylformamide DMF) and 6Kg of pore-forming agent (polypropylene).

[0046] Regarding the above-mentioned distinction ②.

[0047] Based on the above difference ①, combined with the same composite coating process and thermomechanical treatment as in Example 1, this Example 2 also obtains the functional part 10 composed of two stacked functional layers. In the structure of the functional part 10 obtained in this Example 2, both functional layers are porous network structures, and the porosity of the functional layer obtained from the slurry A is 85%, and the pores in the functional layer are three-dimensional through holes with an average pore size of about 40 μm, and the porosity of the functional layer obtained from the slurry B is 60%, and the pores in the functional layer are three-dimensional through holes with an average pore size of about 3 μm; that is, while the two functional layers obtained in this Example 2 have excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, the three-dimensional through holes in the two functional layers are interconnected, and the average pore size of the three-dimensional through holes in the two functional layers is also gradiently distributed, so as to form three-dimensional capillary channels for uniform transmission of gas and liquid.

[0048] In addition to the above two differences, in the manufacturing method described in this embodiment 2: the configuration quantity of the functional part 10, the material selection, structure and configuration quantity of the supporting part 11, the molding method between the supporting part 11 and the functional part 10, etc. are all the same as those in embodiment 1, so they are not repeated here.

[0049] It can be understood that the integrated board prepared in this embodiment 2 also integrates multiple functions such as uniform gas conduction, good water drainage / water vapor drainage, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, ultra-thin / integrated structure, and easy integrated assembly, which well meets the assembly and use requirements of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Embodiment 3:

[0050] This embodiment 3 also provides a method for manufacturing an integrated board for a fuel cell, and compared with the embodiment 1, the manufacturing method provided in this embodiment 3 is different in that: ① When manufacturing the functional part 10 in this embodiment 3, the raw material formula of the slurry A and the slurry B used is different from that in the embodiment 1. ② The structural characteristics of the two functional layers in the functional part 10 obtained in this embodiment 3 are different from those in the embodiment 1.

[0051] Specifically, regarding the above-mentioned difference ①.

[0052] The raw material formulas of slurry A and slurry B used in this Example 3 are as follows: slurry A is prepared by mixing 50Kg of nickel powder (particle size of 10μm), 18Kg of binder (dextrin), 6Kg of deionized water, 8Kg of organic solvent (dimethylformamide DMF) and 18Kg of pore-forming agent (polyethylene); slurry B is prepared by mixing 55Kg of nickel powder (particle size of 10μm), 18Kg of binder (dextrin), 7Kg of deionized water, 12Kg of organic solvent (dimethylformamide DMF) and 8Kg of pore-forming agent (polyethylene).

[0053] Regarding the above-mentioned distinction ②.

[0054] Based on the above difference ①, combined with the same composite coating process and thermomechanical treatment as in Example 1, this Example 3 also obtains the functional part 10 composed of two stacked functional layers. In the structure of the functional part 10 obtained in this Example 3, both functional layers are porous network structures, and the porosity of the functional layer obtained by the slurry A is 90%, and the pores in the functional layer are three-dimensional through holes with an average pore size of about 35 μm, and the porosity of the functional layer obtained by the slurry B is 75%, and the pores in the functional layer are three-dimensional through holes with an average pore size of about 2 μm; that is, while the two functional layers obtained in this Example 3 have excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, the three-dimensional through holes in the two functional layers are interconnected, and the average pore size of the three-dimensional through holes in the two functional layers is also gradiently distributed, so as to form three-dimensional capillary channels for uniform transmission of gas and liquid.

[0055] In addition to the above two differences, in the manufacturing method described in this embodiment 3: the configuration quantity of the functional part 10, the material selection, structure and configuration quantity of the supporting part 11, the molding method between the supporting part 11 and the functional part 10, etc. are all the same as those in embodiment 1, so they are not repeated here.

[0056] It can be understood that the integrated board prepared in this embodiment 3 also integrates multiple functions such as uniform gas conduction, good water drainage / water vapor drainage, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, ultra-thin / integrated structure, and easy integrated assembly, which well meets the assembly and use requirements of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Embodiment 4:

[0057] The fourth embodiment also provides a method for manufacturing an integrated board for a fuel cell, and compared with the first embodiment, the manufacturing method provided by the fourth embodiment is different in that: ① The number of the functional parts 10 configured when manufacturing the integrated board in the fourth embodiment is different from that in the first embodiment. Accordingly, the structure of the integrated board obtained in the fourth embodiment is different from that in the first embodiment.

[0058] Specifically, regarding the above-mentioned difference ①.

[0059] In this embodiment 4, two groups of the functional parts 10 are manufactured by adopting the same functional part manufacturing method as in embodiment 1, and then the support part 11 is sandwiched between the two groups of the functional parts 10, and the two groups of the functional parts 10 are arranged in mirror symmetry (it can be understood that the functional layer with a relatively large average pore size in the two groups of the functional parts 10 is in contact with the opposite two surfaces of the support part 11 respectively), and then fixedly connected together by high-temperature sintering or welding, so as to obtain the integrated board, which can be referred to in the attached Figure 3 shown.

[0060] It can be understood that, compared with Example 1, when the functional parts 10 in the integrated board are configured as two groups, the installation convenience of the integrated board can be further improved, which is beneficial for the integration and installation of fuel cells.

[0061] In addition to the above-mentioned differences, in the manufacturing method described in this embodiment 4: the manufacturing method of the functional part 10, the material selection, structure and configuration quantity of the supporting part 11, the molding method between the supporting part 11 and the functional part 10, etc., are all the same as those in embodiment 1, so they are not repeated here.

[0062] In summary, the integrated board prepared in Example 4 integrates multiple functions such as uniform gas conduction, good water drainage / water vapor drainage, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, ultra-thin / integrated structure, and easy integrated assembly, which well meets the assembly and use requirements of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Embodiment 5:

[0063] Please refer to the attached Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment 5 provides a battery membrane electrode, which includes an integrated board 1 and a catalytic membrane layer 2. The integrated board 1 adopts the integrated board structure for fuel cells as provided in the above-mentioned embodiment 1, which integrates multiple functions such as uniform gas conduction, good water drainage / water vapor drainage, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, and ultra-thin / integrated structure, so they are not described here in detail; the catalytic membrane layer 2 is coated on the inner side of the innermost functional layer of the integrated board 1.

[0064] Furthermore, in this embodiment 5, the catalytic film layer 2 can be coated (molded) on the inner side of the innermost functional layer of the integrated board 1 by using a spraying, sputtering or electroplating process, and the material of the catalytic film layer 2 is nano-metal platinum. It should be emphasized that based on the characteristics and advantages of the integrated board 1, the adhesion amount of the catalytic film layer 2 contained per unit area on the inner side of the functional layer is 0.01-0.2 mg / cm 2 , which is only 1 / 3 to 1 / 10 of the thickness of the catalyst layer in existing fuel cells, greatly reducing the production cost of fuel cells. Embodiment 6:

[0065] Please refer to the attached Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment 6 provides a fuel cell, which includes a plurality of groups of battery cells connected in sequence, each group of the battery cells includes a proton exchange membrane 3, a catalyst layer 4 and an integrated plate 1 stacked in sequence from the inside to the outside, and each two adjacent groups of the battery cells share one integrated plate 1, and the shared integrated plate 1 adopts the integrated plate structure for the fuel cell as described in the above embodiment 4; in addition, the two outermost groups of the battery cells are respectively defined as outer battery cells, and the two integrated plates 1 located on the opposite sides of the two groups of the outer battery cells respectively adopt the integrated plate structure for the fuel cell as described in the above embodiment 1; the integrated plates prepared in embodiments 1 and 4 integrate multiple functions such as uniform gas conduction, good drainage / drainage vapor, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, and ultra-thin / integrated structure, so they are not described here; the proton exchange membrane 3 and the catalyst layer 4 both adopt the conventional structure in the existing proton exchange membrane fuel cell, such as: the proton exchange membrane 3 adopts a non-fluorinated polymer proton exchange membrane, a fluorosulfonic acid proton exchange membrane or a Nafion membrane, and the catalyst layer 4 is mainly made of nano-metal platinum material.

[0066] In summary, the manufacturing method of the integrated board described in the present application is simple and reasonable, and can realize automated, large-scale, and low-cost processing and production. The resulting integrated board integrates multiple functions such as uniform gas conduction, good drainage / water vapor drainage, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, and ultra-thin / integrated structure, which well meets the use requirements of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

[0067] Many specific details are described in the above description to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, so the present invention is not limited to the specific implementation disclosed above. At the same time, any person familiar with the art can make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention using the methods and technical contents disclosed above without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, or modify it into an equivalent embodiment of equivalent changes. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still falls within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated board for a fuel cell, characterized in that: The functional part (10) comprises at least two stacked functional layers, at least two of the functional layers are porous network structures made of thermally conductive and electrically conductive materials, the holes in at least two of the functional layers are three-dimensional through holes with an average pore size of micro-nanoscale, and the three-dimensional through holes in at least two of the functional layers are interconnected to form three-dimensional capillary channels for gas and liquid transmission; Moreover, based on the state in which the integrated board is arranged outside the catalyst layer of the fuel cell, at least two layers of the functional layers in the functional part (10) are stacked in the inner and outer directions, and the average pore size of the three-dimensional through holes in at least two layers of the functional layers decreases from the outside to the inside, that is, the average pore size of the three-dimensional through holes in the functional part (10) presents a gradient distribution.

2. The integrated board for fuel cells according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the functional part (10), the average pore size of the three-dimensional through holes in the outermost functional layer differs from the average pore size of the three-dimensional through holes in the innermost functional layer by at least one order of magnitude.

3. The integrated board for fuel cells according to claim 2, characterized in that: The functional part (10) is composed of two functional layers, which are respectively defined as a first functional layer (101) and a second functional layer (102); the first functional layer (101) is located on the inner side of the second functional layer (102); the average pore size of the three-dimensional through holes in the first functional layer (101) is 2 to 3 μm, and the average pore size of the three-dimensional through holes in the second functional layer (102) is 35 to 40 μm.

4. The integrated board for fuel cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The porosity of the functional layer located at the outermost layer is 30% to 90%; the porosity of the functional layer located at the innermost layer is 40% to 80%.

5. The integrated board for fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional part (10) is an integrated structure; In the functional part (10), at least two functional layers are made of the same material, the thickness of at least two functional layers is 30-100 μm, and the thickness of at least two functional layers is the same or different.

6. The integrated board for fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: A supporting portion (11) is also provided, and the supporting portion (11) is arranged on the outer side of the outermost functional layer of the functional portion (10).

7. The integrated board for fuel cells according to claim 6, characterized in that: The support part (11) is made of a stainless steel sheet with a thickness of 20 to 40 μm; the support part (11) is fixedly connected to the functional layer by high-temperature sintering or welding.

8. The integrated board for fuel cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: The functional parts (10) are configured into two groups, the two groups of functional parts (10) are arranged in a mirror-symmetrical manner, and the support part (11) is fixedly arranged between the two groups of functional parts (10).

9. A method for manufacturing an integrated board for a fuel cell, characterized in that: The production steps include: S1: Make functional part (10); Prepare slurry A and slurry B, wherein, by weight percentage, the slurry A comprises 50% to 65% of metal powder, 10% to 20% of binder, 3% to 7% of deionized water, 6% to 10% of organic solvent and 15% to 20% of pore-forming agent, and the slurry B comprises 55% to 75% of metal powder, 8% to 20% of binder, 2% to 8% of deionized water, 6% to 12% of organic solvent and 6% to 11% of pore-forming agent, and the metal powder is fine nickel powder or ultrafine nickel powder with a particle size of 0.5 to 50 μm; The slurry A and the slurry B are used to process a blank having a two-layer composite structure, that is, the blank is composed of two layers of stacked functional layer prototypes; wherein the two layers of the functional layer prototypes are both porous network structures, the holes in the two layers of the functional layer prototypes are three-dimensional through holes with an average pore size of micro-nanoscale, and are interconnected, and the average pore sizes of the three-dimensional through holes in the two layers of the functional layer prototypes are different and are distributed in a gradient manner; The blank is subjected to a thermomechanical treatment to obtain the functional part (10); accordingly, the functional layer prototype after the thermomechanical treatment is defined as a functional layer; S2: providing a support portion (11), wherein the support portion (11) is made of a stainless steel sheet with a thickness of 20 to 40 μm; the support portion (11) is stacked with the functional portion (10) in a manner of directly abutting against a functional layer with a relatively large average pore size, and then fixedly connected together by high-temperature sintering or welding, thereby obtaining the integrated board.

10. A battery membrane electrode, characterized in that: It comprises an integrated board for a fuel cell as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 and a catalytic membrane layer (2) coated on the inner side of a functional layer of the innermost layer of the integrated board for the fuel cell.

11. The battery membrane electrode according to claim 10, characterized in that: The catalytic film layer (2) is coated on the inner side of the functional layer by spraying, sputtering or electroplating, and the adhesion amount of the catalytic film layer (2) per unit area on the inner side of the functional layer is 0.01-0.2 mg / cm 2 .

12. A fuel cell, characterized in that: The invention comprises a battery unit, wherein the battery unit is provided with a proton exchange membrane (3), a catalyst layer (4) and an integrated plate (1) which are stacked in sequence from the inside to the outside, and the integrated plate (1) is an integrated plate for a fuel cell as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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