Fuel cell system architecture and power supply system

Abstract

The invention provides a fuel cell system architecture and a power supply system, and relates to the technical field of fuel cell system application, and the fuel cell system architecture comprises a fuel cell system, a pressure relief energy storage assembly, a first relay group and a second relay group; the first relay group is arranged in the fuel cell system, and the fuel cell system is connected with the pressure relief energy storage assembly through the second relay group; and if the fuel cell system is in a shutdown process, the first relay group is disconnected, the second relay group is closed, the pressure relief energy storage assembly performs residual electricity conversion and storage operation, and the technical problem that the energy utilization rate of the fuel cell system is not high after the power supply is interrupted is relieved by increasing the pressure relief energy storage assembly to actively recover energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell system applications, and in particular to a fuel cell system architecture and a power supply system. Background Art

[0002] A fuel cell system is a device that uses reaction gas as an energy source and converts chemical energy into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions. The electrochemical reactions of a fuel cell system have startup hysteresis and shutdown hysteresis, and can only be used as a power generation device, and cannot store energy by itself; after receiving the shutdown command of the vehicle (normal shutdown and fault shutdown), the fuel cell system disconnects the high-voltage relay, and the remaining energy in the system is usually dissipated in the form of resistance heating.

[0003] After the fuel cell system (normal / faulty) is shut down, a certain amount of hydrogen still remains in the hydrogen circuit, which will continue to react and provide electricity, posing potential electric shock injuries (high-voltage fault, but the high-voltage end of the fuel cell is still in a high-voltage state) and energy waste (pressure reduction in the form of heat dissipation).

[0004] Current fuel cell systems are mainly equipped with pressure relief resistors or use system components (such as PTC) to discharge high voltage. Although this method avoids potential damage to system components, it still results in a large amount of energy waste. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system architecture and a power supply system, which actively recovers energy by adding a pressure relief energy storage component to alleviate the technical problem of low energy utilization of the fuel cell system after power outage.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell system architecture, including: a fuel cell system, a pressure relief energy storage component, a first relay group and a second relay group; the first relay group is arranged in the fuel cell system, and the fuel cell system is connected to the pressure relief energy storage component through the second relay group; the first relay group is used to connect a load;

[0007] If the fuel cell system is in the process of shutting down, the first relay group is disconnected, the second relay group is closed, and the pressure relief energy storage component performs the residual power conversion and storage operation.

[0008] In combination with the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a first possible implementation of the first aspect, wherein the pressure relief energy storage component includes a DCDC circuit module, a battery module and a component control module; the DCDC circuit module is connected to the second relay group, the DCDC circuit module is respectively connected to the battery module and the component control module, and the battery module is connected to the component control module;

[0009] If the fuel cell system is in the shutdown process, the first relay group is disconnected, the second relay group is closed, and the component control module controls the DCDC circuit module to work according to the power of the battery module.

[0010] In combination with the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a second possible implementation of the first aspect, wherein, if the fuel cell system is in the shutdown process, the first relay group is disconnected, the second relay group is closed, and the component control module collects the current end voltage from the DCDC circuit module, and shuts down the DCDC circuit module when the current end voltage exceeds a preset voltage threshold or the current end voltage is lost.

[0011] In combination with the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a third possible implementation of the first aspect, wherein, if the fuel cell system is in the shutdown process, the first relay group is disconnected, the second relay group is closed, and the component control module shuts down the DCDC circuit module when the DCDC circuit module fails or the battery module fails.

[0012] In combination with the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fourth possible implementation of the first aspect, wherein the fuel cell system includes an energy supply circuit and a battery stack module, the battery stack and the energy supply circuit are connected, and the energy supply circuit and the load are connected;

[0013] If the fuel cell system is in the startup operation process, the first relay group is closed, the second relay group is disconnected, and the fuel cell stack module supplies power to the load through the energy supply circuit.

[0014] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a power supply system, comprising the fuel cell system architecture as described above, and further comprising a relay box, a vehicle low-voltage power supply unit and a fuel cell system controller connected to the fuel cell system architecture; the fuel cell system architecture comprises a pressure relief energy storage component and a fuel cell system accessory; wherein the vehicle low-voltage power supply unit is respectively connected to the fuel cell system controller and the relay box, the fuel cell system controller is respectively connected to the pressure relief energy storage component and the relay box, and the relay box is also respectively connected to the pressure relief energy storage component and the fuel cell system accessory;

[0015] The fuel cell system controller monitors the low-voltage power supply unit of the whole vehicle, and controls the low-voltage power supply unit of the whole vehicle and / or the pressure relief energy storage component to supply power to the fuel cell system accessories by turning on and off the relay box according to the low-voltage power supply status of the whole vehicle.

[0016] In combination with the second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a first possible implementation of the second aspect, wherein, when the low-voltage power supply state of the whole vehicle is normal, the fuel cell system controller controls the low-voltage power supply unit of the whole vehicle to supply power to the fuel cell system accessories.

[0017] In combination with the second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a second possible implementation of the second aspect, wherein, when the low-voltage power supply state of the whole vehicle is abnormal, the fuel cell system controller controls the pressure relief energy storage component to power the fuel cell system accessories.

[0018] In combination with the second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a third possible implementation of the second aspect, wherein, when the SOC of the energy storage battery in the pressure relief energy storage assembly is higher than a preset SOC threshold, the fuel cell system controller controls the pressure relief energy storage assembly to power the fuel cell system accessories.

[0019] In combination with the second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fourth possible implementation of the second aspect, wherein the fuel cell system controller is also used to control the vehicle low-voltage power supply unit and the pressure relief energy storage component to jointly power the fuel cell system accessories.

[0020] The embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell system architecture and power supply system. By adding a pressure relief energy storage component, when the fuel cell system is in a shutdown state, the electrical energy in the fuel cell system is converted and stored through the second relay group and the pressure relief energy storage component, so as to achieve an improvement in the utilization rate of electrical energy.

[0021] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention are realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the description and the drawings.

[0022] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 A structural block diagram of a fuel cell system architecture provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a pressure relief energy storage assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a fuel cell system architecture provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a power supply system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] As a key component that uses hydrogen energy to power the entire vehicle, the safety and economy of the fuel cell system are closely watched by dealers, OEMs and end users.

[0030] After the current fuel cell system is shut down, the utilization rate of the remaining energy in the system is not high.

[0031] Based on this, a fuel cell system architecture and power supply system provided by an embodiment of the present invention can collect the remaining energy inside the fuel cell system, thereby ensuring the active and passive discharge functions of the fuel cell system and improving energy utilization by storing energy.

[0032] The following is a detailed description through examples.

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell system architecture provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 As shown, the fuel cell system architecture includes: a fuel cell system, a pressure relief energy storage component, a first relay group and a second relay group; the first relay group is arranged in the fuel cell system, and the fuel cell system is connected to the pressure relief energy storage component through the second relay group; the fuel cell system includes a power supply circuit and a stack module connected thereto; the first relay group is used to connect a load;

[0035] If the fuel cell system is in the process of shutting down, the first relay group is disconnected, the second relay group is closed, and the pressure relief energy storage component performs the residual power conversion and storage operation.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment of practical application, by adding a pressure relief energy storage component, when the fuel cell system is in a shutdown state, the electrical energy in the fuel cell system is converted and stored through the second relay group via the pressure relief energy storage component to achieve an improvement in the utilization rate of electrical energy.

[0037] In some embodiments, the fuel cell system includes an energy supply circuit and a fuel cell stack module, the fuel cell stack and the energy supply circuit are connected, and the energy supply circuit and the load are connected;

[0038] If the fuel cell system is in the startup operation process, the first relay group is closed, the second relay group is disconnected, and the stack module supplies power to the load through the energy supply circuit.

[0039] As an optional embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, the energy supply circuit is provided with multiple components, wherein one end of the bypass fuse FU1 is connected to one end of the battery stack module, the other end of the bypass fuse FU1 is connected to one end of the current source CS, the other end of the current source CS is respectively connected to the device lsoM, the voltage source VS, the bypass fuse FU2 and one end of the first relay group (MR(+)), wherein the MR(+) end in the first relay group is also connected to one end of the pre-charge resistor PCR, which is also connected to an input end of the DCDC module, and the other end of the pre-charge resistor PCR is connected to the PR in the first relay group. The two ends are connected, one end MR(-) in the first relay group is respectively connected to the device lsoM, the voltage source VS and the other end of the battery stack module, and the other end of MR(-) in the first relay group is connected to the other input end of the DCDC module; it should be noted that the MR(+) end and the MR(-) end in the first relay group can be understood as the relay group on the main line of the energy supply circuit, and the PR2 end can be understood as the relay group on the branch line of the energy supply circuit; the output end of the DCDC module is connected to the load through the MR2(+) end and the MR2(-) end of the third relay group.

[0040] On this basis, a pressure relief energy storage component is added, in which one end PR2(+) of the second relay group is connected to the other end of the bypass fuse FU2, and the other end of PR2(+) is connected to the pressure relief energy storage component, which is also connected to one end PR2(-) of the second relay group, and the other end of PR2(-) of the second relay group is respectively connected to one end MR(-), the device lsoM, the voltage source VS and the other end of the battery stack module.

[0041] In actual application, when the fuel cell system is normally started and operated, the second relay group PR2+&PR2- is opened, and the first relay group MR+&MR- is closed; at this time, the fuel cell system is in a startup state, and the stack module, i.e., the fuel cell, supplies power to the load through the DCDC circuit; when the fuel cell system (normal / faulty) is shut down, the first relay group MR+&MR- is opened, and the second relay group PR2+&PR2- is closed, and the fuel cell system enters the residual power conversion and storage stage, i.e., the pressure relief process is completed; when the fuel cell system is in a sleep state, the second relay group PR2+&PR2- is kept closed, and the fuel cell system is in a "short circuit" non-working state.

[0042] Among them, the DCDC circuit and the following DCDC circuit module can both be understood as functional module circuits that convert the battery stack module voltage into a DC voltage.

[0043] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, the pressure relief energy storage component includes a DCDC circuit module, a battery module and a component control module; the DCDC circuit module is connected to the second relay group, the DCDC circuit module is respectively connected to the battery module and the component control module, and the battery module is connected to the component control module; one end of the second relay group PR2- and PR2+ is set on the energy supply circuit, and the other end is set on the DCDC circuit module; the component control module can collect information through the DCDC circuit module, and can also know the working status of the DCDC circuit module; after the DCDC circuit module performs voltage conversion, it supplies power to the battery module; the battery module can feed back its voltage information to the component control module to ensure the reliability of the battery module power supply application.

[0044] In actual application, if the fuel cell system is in the shutdown process, the first relay group is disconnected, the second relay group is closed, and the component control module controls the DCDC circuit module to work according to the power of the battery module.

[0045] Here, the type of DCDC circuit module and the model of the pressure relief energy storage component can be determined according to the actual situation of the fuel cell system accessories; wherein, the pressure relief energy storage component can store energy in a 12V low-voltage battery, but it can also be replaced with a 24V or other voltage energy storage component in combination with a comprehensive application scenario; the DCDC circuit module includes a boost circuit and a buck circuit; if the actual power supply voltage required by the fuel cell system accessories is small, then the DCDC circuit module can apply a buck circuit at this time, and the component control module controls the DCDC buck circuit module for voltage reduction charging. The same goes for the opposite, which will not be repeated here. Among them, the fuel cell system accessories can be understood as components such as electromagnetic valves, sensors, hydrogen circulation pump controllers, and air compressor controllers in the fuel cell system.

[0046] As an optional embodiment, the pressure relief energy storage component may also include a diode. The diode in the pressure relief energy storage component limits unidirectional current and provides unidirectional power supply to the fuel cell system accessories.

[0047] If the fuel cell system is in the shutdown process, the first relay group is disconnected, the second relay group is closed, and the component control module collects the current terminal voltage from the DCDC circuit module. When the current terminal voltage exceeds the preset voltage threshold or the current terminal voltage is lost, the DCDC circuit module is turned off.

[0048] Among them, the preset voltage threshold can be selected from 40, 45, 50, 55, preferably 55.

[0049] If the fuel cell system is in the shutdown process, the first relay group is disconnected, the second relay group is closed, and the component control module shuts down the DCDC circuit module in the event of a DCDC circuit module failure or a battery module failure to prevent further failures.

[0050] In some embodiments, Figure 4 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a power supply system, including the fuel cell system architecture as described in the above embodiment, and also including a relay box connected to the fuel cell system architecture, a vehicle low-voltage power supply unit and a fuel cell system controller; the fuel cell system architecture includes a pressure relief energy storage component and a fuel cell system accessory;

[0051] Among them, the low-voltage power supply unit of the whole vehicle is connected to the fuel cell system controller and the relay box respectively, the fuel cell system controller is connected to the pressure relief energy storage component and the relay box respectively, and the relay box is also connected to the pressure relief energy storage component and the fuel cell system accessories respectively; the fuel cell system controller can control the pressure relief energy storage component and the relay box through wireless control signals and wired communication;

[0052] The fuel cell system controller can monitor the low-voltage power supply unit of the vehicle and, based on the low-voltage power supply status of the vehicle, control the low-voltage power supply unit of the vehicle and / or the pressure relief energy storage component to supply power to the fuel cell system accessories by switching the relay box on and off.

[0053] The embodiment of the present invention adds a pressure relief energy storage component, which replaces the pressure relief resistor, realizes the active and passive discharge functions, and also has safety functions (active and passive discharge, stack short circuit lockout), and can also improve energy utilization.

[0054] In actual applications, when the low-voltage power supply status of the vehicle is normal, the fuel cell system controller can control the path connecting the relay box and the low-voltage power supply unit of the vehicle to be connected, so as to control the low-voltage power supply unit of the vehicle to supply power to the fuel cell system accessories.

[0055] When the low-voltage power supply state of the whole vehicle is abnormal, the fuel cell system controller can control the passage connecting the relay box and the pressure relief energy storage component to be turned on, so as to control the pressure relief energy storage component to supply power to the fuel cell system accessories.

[0056] When the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage battery in the pressure relief energy storage assembly is higher than the first preset SOC threshold (such as 80%), the fuel cell system controller can control the passage connecting the relay box and the pressure relief energy storage assembly to be turned on, so as to control the pressure relief energy storage assembly to supply power to the fuel cell system accessories. Here, when the SOC of the energy storage battery in the pressure relief energy storage assembly is high, that is, exceeds the preset SOC threshold, the pressure relief energy storage assembly is preferentially used for power supply until its SOC is low and reaches the second preset SOC threshold (such as 30%), so as to ensure that when the fuel cell system is shut down, the pressure relief energy storage assembly can also use the remaining electricity for charging to ensure energy utilization.

[0057] As an optional embodiment, if the energy supply demand of the fuel cell system accessories is more urgent or the required amount of electricity is large, the fuel cell system controller is also used to control the vehicle's low-voltage power supply unit and the pressure relief energy storage component to jointly supply power to the fuel cell system accessories, so as to ensure that the fuel cell system accessories can achieve the purpose of rapid charging in a timely and rapid manner.

[0058] The power supply system provided in the embodiment of the present invention has the same technical features as the fuel cell system architecture provided in the above embodiment, so it can also solve the same technical problems and achieve the same technical effects.

[0059] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0060] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0061] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some communication interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0062] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0063] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0064] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are only specific implementation methods of the present invention, which are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit them. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that any technician familiar with the technical field can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, or can easily conceive of changes, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. Such modifications, changes or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell system architecture, characterized in that: include: A fuel cell system, a pressure relief energy storage component, a first relay group and a second relay group; the first relay group is arranged in the fuel cell system, and the fuel cell system is connected to the pressure relief energy storage component through the second relay group; the first relay group is used to connect a load; If the fuel cell system is in the process of shutting down, the first relay group is disconnected, the second relay group is closed, and the pressure relief energy storage component performs the residual power conversion and storage operation.

2. The fuel cell system architecture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure relief energy storage component includes a DCDC circuit module, a battery module and a component control module; the DCDC circuit module is connected to the second relay group, the DCDC circuit module is respectively connected to the battery module and the component control module, and the battery module is connected to the component control module; If the fuel cell system is in the shutdown process, the first relay group is disconnected, the second relay group is closed, and the component control module controls the DCDC circuit module to work according to the power of the battery module.

3. The fuel cell system architecture according to claim 2, characterized in that: If the fuel cell system is in the shutdown process, the first relay group is disconnected, the second relay group is closed, and the component control module collects the current end voltage from the DCDC circuit module. When the current end voltage exceeds a preset voltage threshold or the current end voltage is lost, the DCDC circuit module is turned off.

4. The fuel cell system architecture according to claim 2, characterized in that: If the fuel cell system is in the shutdown process, the first relay group is disconnected, the second relay group is closed, and the component control module shuts down the DCDC circuit module when the DCDC circuit module fails or the battery module fails.

5. The fuel cell system architecture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell system comprises an energy supply circuit and a fuel cell stack module, the fuel cell stack and the energy supply circuit are connected, and the energy supply circuit and the load are connected; If the fuel cell system is in the startup operation process, the first relay group is closed, the second relay group is disconnected, and the fuel cell stack module supplies power to the load through the energy supply circuit.

6. A power supply system, characterized in that: Comprising a fuel cell system architecture as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a relay box, a vehicle low-voltage power supply unit and a fuel cell system controller connected to the fuel cell system architecture; the fuel cell system architecture comprises a pressure relief energy storage component and a fuel cell system accessory; wherein the vehicle low-voltage power supply unit is respectively connected to the fuel cell system controller and the relay box, the fuel cell system controller is respectively connected to the pressure relief energy storage component and the relay box, and the relay box is also respectively connected to the pressure relief energy storage component and the fuel cell system accessory; The fuel cell system controller controls the vehicle low-voltage power supply unit and / or the pressure relief energy storage component to supply power to the fuel cell system accessories by turning the relay box on and off.

7. The power supply system according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the low-voltage power supply state of the whole vehicle is normal, the fuel cell system controller controls the low-voltage power supply unit of the whole vehicle to supply power to the fuel cell system accessories.

8. The power supply system according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the low-voltage power supply state of the entire vehicle is abnormal, the fuel cell system controller controls the pressure relief energy storage component to supply power to the fuel cell system accessories.

9. The power supply system according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the SOC of the energy storage battery in the pressure relief energy storage assembly is higher than a preset SOC threshold, the fuel cell system controller controls the pressure relief energy storage assembly to supply power to the fuel cell system accessories.

10. The power supply system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fuel cell system controller is also used to control the vehicle low-voltage power supply unit and the pressure relief energy storage component to jointly supply power to the fuel cell system accessories.

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