Direct sowing cultivation method for facility cardamine violifolia

Abstract

The invention discloses a direct seeding cultivation method for facility cardamine violifolia, and belongs to the technical field of cardamine violifolia planting. Comprising the following steps: (1) soil preparation, fertilization and ridging; (2) after the seeds are pretreated, the pretreated seeds are uniformly mixed with a seedling culture medium, the seed use amount is 40-60g per 667m < 2 >, and the use amount of the seedling culture medium is 200-250L; after broadcast sowing, covering a seedling substrate, laying a sprinkling irrigation belt, and covering a mulching film; (3) performing thinning, water and fertilizer management, temperature management and pest control in a seedling stage; 4, harvesting is started 50-60 days after the flowering phase. According to the direct sowing cultivation method of the cardamine violifolia, the cardamine violifolia seeds and the seedling raising substrate are mixed and then directly sown, the steps of seedling raising and transplanting are omitted, manpower resources are greatly saved, the planting cost is reduced, the germination rate is high, the yield is high, and a new cultivation method is provided for artificial cultivation of the cardamine violifolia.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of Cardamine violacea planting, in particular to a direct seeding cultivation method of Cardamine violacea in facilities. Background Art

[0002] Cardamine violeta, also known as tiger ear gold, is an annual or perennial herb of the genus Cardamine in the cruciferous family, with rich nutritional value and medicinal effects. Cardamine violeta contains a variety of nutrients required by the human body, such as protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, etc., and is a delicious wild vegetable resource in my country. In addition, Cardamine violeta is a recognized selenium hyperaccumulator crop. After being enriched with selenium, it has multiple effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, lowering blood lipids, and increasing immunity. It has a certain health care effect on preventing cardiovascular diseases, tumors, and cancer. Studies have shown that the selenium form in Cardamine violeta is mainly organic selenium, which is a high-quality selenoprotein raw material. It has great potential and market prospects in the fields of food, feed, medical care, and environment. However, it was found during the cultivation process that Cardamine violeta could not naturally complete its life history due to seed germination, climate of the cultivation site, cultivation management and other reasons, which greatly restricted the promotion and cultivation of Cardamine violeta.

[0003] Greenhouses are commonly used equipment in large-scale vegetable production. They can provide plants with a relatively stable temperature environment. At the same time, the rational use of greenhouse structures can maximize the use of natural light, promote plant growth, and effectively reduce or prevent the invasion of external pests and diseases, reduce the use of pesticides, and thus improve crop quality. The use of greenhouse facilities to raise seedlings of Cardamine violaceae has significant advantages over existing invention patents. Yang Tiejun (application publication number: CN117837447A), Fan Langsheng, etc. (application publication number: CN108738466A) cultivated Cardamine violaceae seedlings in seedling trays and transplanted them to large fields after growing leaves. Although this method can cultivate Cardamine violaceae seedlings, the seedling raising time before transplanting is long and requires transplanting in a different place, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Chen Yanhua et al. planted Cardamine violae by laying plastic film and sunshade net in the field (application publication number: CN111345202A). This measure can control the temperature under the film at 15-35°C, but the sunshade net and plastic film need to be replaced according to the ambient temperature, and the process is relatively cumbersome and labor-intensive. Exploring a cultivation method suitable for greenhouse Cardamine violae can increase seed germination rate, reduce pests and diseases, and improve the yield and quality of Cardamine violae, which has far-reaching significance for the protection of wild resources, cultivation, breeding and promotion of Cardamine violae. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a direct seeding cultivation method of Cardamine violacea in a facility to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is a direct seeding cultivation method of Cardamine violae in a facility, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Land preparation, fertilization and ridge making;

[0008] (2) After pretreatment, mix the seeds with the seedling medium and add 667m 2 The seed dosage is 40-60g, and the seedling medium dosage is 200-250L; after sowing, cover the seedling medium, lay the sprinkler belt, and cover the ground film;

[0009] (3) Thinning, water and fertilizer management, temperature management, and pest and disease control during the seedling stage;

[0010] (4) Harvesting begins 50 to 60 days after flowering.

[0011] Furthermore, the method of land preparation and fertilization is: deep tillage the soil, every 667m 2 Apply 1000-1500kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 15-20kg of compound fertilizer; spread the fertilizer on the soil surface and till the soil 1-2 times;

[0012] The ridge height is 15-18 cm, the ridge width is 90 cm, and the ridge spacing is 60 cm.

[0013] Furthermore, the pretreatment method is: wrap the Cardamine violacea seeds with gauze, soak them in water at 26±2°C for 10 to 14 hours, wash them, drain them, and absorb excess water.

[0014] Further, the amount of the seedling substrate for covering a layer is 2 Cover the seedling medium with 800-850L;

[0015] The ground film covering comprises: laying a transparent plastic film, maintaining the humidity in the film at 80-90% before germination; and uncovering the ground film when 90% of the Cardamine violaceum seeds grow cotyledons.

[0016] Furthermore, the thinning method is as follows: the first thinning is started when the seedlings grow to 1 to 2 true leaves, the second thinning is started when the seedlings grow to 4 to 5 leaves, and the thinning is performed again 2 months after sowing; and 18,000 to 22,000 Cardamine violaceum plants are maintained per mu.

[0017] Furthermore, the method of water and fertilizer management is: 15 days after sowing, every 667m 2 Apply 1 kg of urea; then every 15 days, every 667m 2 Apply 2 kg of urea and 4 kg of compound fertilizer to the soil using a water-fertilizer integrated system;

[0018] Keep the soil moisture at 60-80%. When the temperature is above 25℃, irrigate every 5-7 days; when the temperature is 15-25℃, water every 15 days.

[0019] Furthermore, the temperature management method is: when the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds 30°C, open the breathable membranes on both sides of the greenhouse and cover the sunshade net; when the temperature in the greenhouse is lower than 5°C, close the breathable membranes on both sides of the greenhouse and close the sunshade net.

[0020] Furthermore, the pest control method is: when the temperature is higher than 25°C, spray 10% imidacloprid, 5% fipronil suspension or 10% chlorpyrifos low-toxic pesticide to control flea beetle pests;

[0021] Spray 1500 times diluted 1.8% Avidin + 2.5% Trifluthrin every 7 days to control small leafworms;

[0022] Spray 3000 times solution of 95% carbendazim to prevent and control gray mold and root rot, spray once every 7 to 10 days, and prevent and control twice in a row.

[0023] Furthermore, the method of harvesting starting 50 to 60 days after the flowering period is as follows: when the pod shell of the lowest part of the Cardamine violaceum turns from green to yellow, the grains are full, and the seed color changes from green to yellow or brown, it can be harvested, and the aboveground plants are harvested with a sickle, tied into small bundles and hung upside down in a ventilated and dry place, and threshed when the seeds are completely dry.

[0024] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0025] The invention provides a direct seeding cultivation method of Cardamine violaceae in a facility. Cardamine violaceae seeds are mixed with a seedling culture medium and then directly sown, thereby omitting the steps of seedling culture and transplanting, greatly saving human resources, reducing planting costs, achieving a germination rate of up to 90%, and achieving high yield, thereby providing a new cultivation method for artificial cultivation of Cardamine violaceae. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a picture taken 40 days after Cardamine violacea was sown.

[0028] Figure 2 The picture shows the plant 2 and a half months after sowing Cardamine violacea.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the flowering period of Cardamine violacea sowing in a facility. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing special embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value in any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0032] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0033] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present application description and examples are exemplary only.

[0034] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0035] The technical solutions described in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional solutions in the art, and the reagents or raw materials used, unless otherwise specified, are purchased from commercial channels or have been disclosed.

[0036] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for direct seeding cultivation of Cardamine violae in a facility, comprising the following steps:

[0037] (1) Land preparation, fertilization and ridge making;

[0038] (2) After pretreatment, mix the seeds with the seedling medium and add 100% water per 667 m 2The seed dosage is 40-60g, and the seedling medium dosage is 200-250L; after sowing, cover the seedling medium, lay the sprinkler belt, and cover the ground film;

[0039] (3) Thinning, water and fertilizer management, temperature management, and pest and disease control during the seedling stage;

[0040] (4) Harvesting begins 50 to 60 days after flowering.

[0041] In some specific embodiments, the method of land preparation and fertilization is: deep tillage the soil, every 667m 2 Apply 1000-1500kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 15-20kg of compound fertilizer; spread the fertilizer on the soil surface and till the soil 1-2 times;

[0042] The ridge height is 15-18 cm, the ridge width is 90 cm, and the ridge spacing is 60 cm.

[0043] In some specific embodiments, the pretreatment method is: wrap the Cardamine viola seeds with gauze, soak them in water at 26±2°C for 10 to 14 hours, wash them, drain them, and absorb excess water.

[0044] In some specific embodiments, the amount of the seedling substrate used for covering a layer is 2 Cover the seedling medium with 800-850L;

[0045] The ground film covering comprises: laying a transparent plastic film, maintaining the humidity in the film at 80-90% before germination; and uncovering the ground film when 90% of the Cardamine violaceum seeds grow cotyledons.

[0046] In some specific implementation schemes, the thinning method is: the first thinning is started when the seedlings grow 1-2 true leaves, the second thinning is started when the seedlings have 4-5 leaves, and the thinning is performed again 2 months after sowing; 18,000 to 22,000 Cardamine violaceum plants per acre are maintained.

[0047] In some specific embodiments, the method of water and fertilizer management is: 15 days after sowing, every 667m 2 Apply 1 kg of urea; then every 15 days, every 667m 2 Apply 2 kg of urea and 4 kg of compound fertilizer to the soil using a water-fertilizer integrated system;

[0048] Keep the soil moisture at 60-80%. When the temperature is above 25℃, irrigate every 5-7 days; when the temperature is 15-25℃, water every 15 days.

[0049] In some specific implementation schemes, the temperature management method is: when the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds 30°C, open the greenhouse shade net; when the temperature in the greenhouse is lower than 5°C, close the breathable membranes on both sides of the greenhouse and close the greenhouse shade net.

[0050] In some specific embodiments, the pest control method is: when the temperature is higher than 25°C, spraying 10% imidacloprid, 5% fipronil suspension or 10% chlorpyrifos low-toxic pesticide to control flea beetle pests;

[0051] Spray 1500 times diluted 1.8% Avidin + 2.5% Trifluthrin every 7 days to control small leafworms;

[0052] Spray 3000 times solution of 95% carbendazim to prevent and control gray mold and root rot, spray once every 7 to 10 days, and prevent and control twice in a row.

[0053] In some specific embodiments, the method of harvesting starting 50 to 60 days after the flowering period is as follows: when the pod of the lowest part of the Cardamine violaceum turns from green to yellow, the grains are full, and the seed color changes from green to yellow or brown, it can be harvested, and the aboveground plants are harvested with a sickle, tied into small bundles and hung upside down in a ventilated and dry place, and the seeds are threshed when they are completely dry.

[0054] The embodiments of the present invention are carried out in Fengcheng area of ​​Yichun City, Jiangxi Province.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] 1. Seeding and seedling raising

[0057] 1.1 Seed pretreatment

[0058] Before sowing, wrap the seeds of Cardamine violacea with gauze, soak them in water at 26±2℃ for 12 hours, wash them with clean water, control the moisture, and wrap the seeds with dry gauze to absorb excess moisture.

[0059] 1.2 Land preparation and fertilization

[0060] Choose a field with good drainage and till the soil deeply every 667m 2 Apply 1200kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 15kg of compound fertilizer. Spread the fertilizer on the soil surface and tumble it twice with a rotary tiller. Use a greenhouse ridging machine with a ridge height of 18cm, a ridge width of 90cm, and a ridge spacing of 60cm. Water the soil thoroughly one day before sowing.

[0061] 1.3 Sowing period

[0062] Start sowing when the temperature is 28-30℃ from late September to October.

[0063] 1.4 Seedling cultivation

[0064] Choose a seedling medium with good water absorption and strong air permeability, mix the pre-treated Cardamine violacea seeds with the seedling medium, and add 100% water every 667m. 2 The amount of seeds used is 40-60g, and the amount of substrate used is 200-250L. Spread the mixed substrate and seeds evenly on the soil surface, and then cover with a thin layer of seedling substrate. 2 Cover with 800-850L of seedling medium. Lay out sprinkler belts, 2 per ridge, and start sprinkler irrigation after sowing until the seedling medium and soil are moist.

[0065] After sowing the seeds of Cardamine violacea, cover them with a layer of white mulch, compact them all around, and keep the humidity inside the mulch at 80-90%. When the temperature inside the greenhouse is higher than 30℃, open the sunshade net on the top of the greenhouse. After 5 days, the seeds of Cardamine violacea will gradually grow cotyledons. Arch up the white mulch, water them in time according to the soil conditions, and keep the humidity inside the mulch. After 10 days, 90% of the seeds of Cardamine violacea will grow cotyledons, and the white mulch can be uncovered.

[0066] 1.5 Seedling management

[0067] When the seedlings grow to 1-2 true leaves, start the first thinning, and when they grow to 4-5 leaves, start the second thinning, and remove diseased, weak, mixed and overcrowded seedlings. 2 Apply 1 kg of urea; then every 15 days, every 667m 2 Apply 2 kg of urea and 4 kg of compound fertilizer into the soil using an integrated water-fertilizer system.

[0068] 2 Field management

[0069] 2.1 Water and fertilizer management

[0070] Keep the soil moisture at 60-80%, and irrigate according to the soil moisture. When the temperature is above 25℃, use small amounts and multiple irrigations, irrigating every 5-7 days; when the temperature is 15-25℃, water once every 15 days.

[0071] 2.2 Temperature control

[0072] From September to November and from March to June, the air permeable membranes on both sides of the greenhouse are kept open. When the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds 30°C, open the greenhouse shade net in time to reduce the temperature in the greenhouse to 25-30°C. From December to February, the temperature drops. When the temperature in the greenhouse is below 5°C, the air permeable membranes on both sides of the greenhouse need to be closed in time, and the shade net should be closed.

[0073] 2.3 Thinning

[0074] Thinning should be carried out again 2 months after sowing to remove diseased, weak, mixed and overcrowded seedlings, and maintain about 20,000 Cardamine per acre.

[0075] 3. Pest and disease control

[0076] 3.1 Principles of prevention and treatment

[0077] Prevention is the main approach, and prevention and treatment should be combined. Strengthen greenhouse management to prevent flooding during the rainy season, and improve ventilation during high temperature and high humidity.

[0078] 3.2 Pest control

[0079] When the temperature is above 25℃, flea beetle infestation is prone to occur. Spray 10% imidacloprid, 5% fipronil suspension or 10% cypermethrin low-toxic pesticide for prevention and control. If there are still flea beetle infestations, spray again every 7 days. After bolting, small leafworm infestation is prone to occur. Spray 1500 times of 1.8% abamectin + 2.5% trifluthrin mixture during the peak hatching period of larvae, once every 7 days.

[0080] 3.3 Disease prevention

[0081] Gray mold and root rot are prone to occur in high temperature and high humidity environments. Spray 3000 times solution of 95% carbendazim at the early stage of the disease, and do it once every 7 to 10 days depending on the condition of the disease, for two consecutive preventions and treatments.

[0082] 4Seed harvesting and storage

[0083] 4.1 Harvest

[0084] Generally, it starts to bloom in March of the following year, and the pods mature in May and June. Usually, it starts to be harvested 50 to 60 days after the flowering period. The maturity time of different ramets is inconsistent, and it is harvested in three times. Observe that the pod shell of a pod at the bottom of the cardamine changes from green to yellow, and the grains are full. When the seed color changes from green to yellow or brown, it indicates that the grains of this ramet are ripe and can be harvested. Use a sickle to harvest the aboveground plants, tie them into small bundles and hang them upside down in a ventilated and dry place. When the seeds are completely dry, thresh them.

[0085] 4.2 Storage

[0086] Screen the harvested seeds to remove immature seeds and impurities. Store the seeds in a dry, ventilated, cool environment, avoiding high temperatures and direct sunlight.

[0087] Comparative Example 1

[0088] The only difference from Example 1 is:

[0089] 1.4 Seedling cultivation

[0090] Choose a seedling medium with good water absorption and strong air permeability, mix the pre-treated Cardamine violacea seeds with the seedling medium, and add 100% water every 667 m 2The amount of seeds used is 40-60g, and the amount of substrate used is 200-250L. Sow the mixed substrate and seeds evenly into the furrows on the ridge surface, and then cover with a thin layer of seedling substrate. 2 Cover with 400-500L of seedling medium. Lay out sprinkler belts, 2 per ridge, and start sprinkler irrigation after sowing until the seedling medium and soil are moist.

[0091] After sowing the seeds of Cardamine violacea, cover them with a layer of white mulch, compact them all around, and keep the humidity inside the mulch at 80-90%. When the temperature inside the greenhouse is higher than 30℃, open the breathable films on both sides of the greenhouse in time and cover the top of the greenhouse with a sunshade net. After 5 days, the seeds of Cardamine violacea will gradually grow cotyledons. Arch up the white mulch film, water them in time according to the soil conditions, and keep the humidity inside the mulch film. After 10 days, 90% of the seeds of Cardamine violacea will grow cotyledons, and the white mulch film can be uncovered.

[0092] The remaining steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0093] Comparative Example 2

[0094] The only difference from Example 1 is:

[0095] 1.4 Seedling cultivation

[0096] Choose a seedling medium with good water absorption and strong air permeability, mix the pre-treated Cardamine violacea seeds with the seedling medium, and add 100% water every 667 m 2 The amount of seeds used is 40-60g, and the amount of substrate used is 200-250L. Sow the mixed substrate and seeds evenly into the holes opened on the ridge surface, and then cover with a thin layer of seedling substrate. 2 Cover with 300-400L of seedling medium. Lay out sprinkler belts, 2 per ridge, and start sprinkler irrigation after sowing until the seedling medium and soil are moist.

[0097] After sowing the seeds of Cardamine violacea, cover them with a layer of white mulch, compact them all around, and keep the humidity inside the mulch at 80-90%. When the temperature inside the greenhouse is higher than 30℃, open the breathable films on both sides of the greenhouse in time and cover the top of the greenhouse with a sunshade net. After 5 days, the seeds of Cardamine violacea will gradually grow cotyledons. Arch up the white mulch film, water them in time according to the soil conditions, and keep the humidity inside the mulch film. After 10 days, 90% of the seeds of Cardamine violacea will grow cotyledons, and the white mulch film can be uncovered.

[0098] The remaining steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0099] Effect example

[0100] By setting different cultivation methods (broadcasting, hole sowing, and row sowing), measuring the average yield per mu, and calculating the seed cost and labor cost per mu, the most economical and efficient cultivation method of Cardamine violacea was determined.

[0101] 1. Direct seeding: There are three planting methods: broadcasting, row seeding and hole seeding. The yield of Cardamine violae under different direct seeding methods is shown in Table 1.

[0102] Table 1 Yield of Cardamine violacea under different direct seeding methods

[0103]

[0104] Note: The underground fibrous roots of Cardamine violae are attached to a lot of soil, and manual cleaning is slow, so only the fresh weight of the aboveground part is measured.

[0105] The results showed that the yield per mu of broadcasting and row sowing was not much different, but the yield of hole sowing was significantly lower than that of broadcasting and row sowing. Broadcasting saves more labor than row sowing, so broadcasting is a suitable direct sowing method.

[0106] Example 1 of the present invention Cardamine violaefolia was sown 40 days later. Figure 1 As shown, the seedling raising process is simple, the seedling raising cost is low and the plants emerge in an even manner.

[0107] Example 1 of the present invention: 2 and a half months after Cardamine violacea was sown Figure 2 As shown, the plants grew well and had a high survival rate.

[0108] Embodiment 1 of the present invention Cardamine violacea flowering period as follows Figure 3 As shown, the plants grow vigorously, the biomass of each plant is large, and the yield is high.

[0109] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technical users in the relevant field, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made on the basis of the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A direct seeding cultivation method for Cardamine violae in a facility, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Land preparation, fertilization and ridge making; (2) After pretreatment, mix the seeds with the seedling medium and add 100% water per 667 m 2 The seed dosage is 40-60g, and the seedling medium dosage is 200-250L; after sowing, cover the seedling medium, lay the sprinkler belt, and cover the ground film; (3) Thinning, water and fertilizer management, temperature management, and pest and disease control during the seedling stage; (4) Harvesting begins 50 to 60 days after flowering.

2. The direct seeding cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of land preparation and fertilization is: deep tillage the soil, every 667m 2 Apply 1000-1500kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 15-20kg of compound fertilizer; spread the fertilizer on the soil surface and till the soil 1-2 times; The ridge height is 15-18 cm, the ridge width is 90 cm, and the ridge spacing is 60 cm.

3. The direct seeding cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pretreatment method comprises: wrapping Cardamine violaceum seeds with gauze, soaking them in water at 26±2°C for 10-14 hours, washing them, draining them and absorbing excess water.

4. The direct seeding cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of the seedling substrate for covering a layer is 667m 2 Cover the seedling medium with 800-850L; The ground film covering comprises: laying a transparent plastic film, maintaining the humidity in the film at 80-90% before germination; and uncovering the ground film when 90% of the Cardamine violaceum seeds grow cotyledons.

5. The direct seeding cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thinning method is as follows: the first thinning is started when the seedlings grow to 1-2 true leaves, the second thinning is started when the seedlings grow to 4-5 leaves, and the thinning is performed again 2 months after sowing; and 18,000-22,000 Cardamine violaceum plants are maintained per mu.

6. The direct seeding cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of water and fertilizer management is: 15 days after sowing, every 667m 2 Apply 1 kg of urea; then every 15 days, every 667m 2 Apply 2 kg of urea and 4 kg of compound fertilizer to the soil using a water-fertilizer integrated system; Keep the soil moisture at 60-80%. When the temperature is above 25℃, irrigate every 5-7 days; when the temperature is 15-25℃, water every 15 days.

7. The direct seeding cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature management method is: when the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds 30°C, the breathable membranes on both sides of the greenhouse are opened and the sunshade net is covered; when the temperature in the greenhouse is lower than 5°C, the breathable membranes on both sides of the greenhouse are closed and the sunshade net is closed.

8. The direct seeding cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pest control method is: when the temperature is higher than 25°C, spraying 10% imidacloprid, 5% fipronil suspension or 10% chlorpyrifos low-toxic pesticide to control flea beetle pests; Spray 1500 times diluted 1.8% Avidin + 2.5% Trifluthrin every 7 days to control small leafworms; Spray 3000 times solution of 95% carbendazim to prevent and control gray mold and root rot, spray once every 7 to 10 days, and prevent and control twice in a row.

9. The direct seeding cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for harvesting starting 50 to 60 days after the flowering period is as follows: when the pod shell of a lower silique of Cardamine violacea turns from green to yellow, the grains are full, and the seed color changes from green to yellow or brown, the plants above ground can be harvested using a sickle, bundled into small bundles and hung upside down in a ventilated and dry place, and threshed when the seeds are completely dry.

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