Electric cleaning, excavating and screening method and equipment for heavy metal polluted river sediment in mining area

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric cleaning, digging and screening method and equipment for heavy metal polluted river sediment in a mining area, and belongs to the technical field of heavy metal pollution treatment.The electric cleaning, digging and screening equipment is provided with a feeding box, a preliminary screening mechanism, a vibration screening mechanism and a screening moving mechanism, a screening base is arranged beside the feeding box, and the preliminary screening mechanism is arranged in the feeding box; the preliminary screening mechanism is detachably connected with the feeding box, the vibration screening mechanism is arranged on the screening base, the screening moving mechanism is arranged on the screening base, the screening moving mechanism is in sliding fit with the vibration screening mechanism, and the feeding box is in butt joint with the vibration screening mechanism. Caked and wrapped sandstones and stones in the bottom mud are continuously screwed and crushed and then screened, the screening efficiency can be improved, the resource recycling rate is increased, and the heavy metal removal effect is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of heavy metal pollution treatment, and in particular relates to an electric excavation and screening method and equipment for heavy metal polluted riverbed mud in mining areas. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing frequency of mining activities in mining areas, a large amount of waste residue and wastewater containing heavy metals enter nearby rivers through surface runoff and other means. These heavy metals continue to accumulate in the riverbed mud, causing serious environmental pollution. Traditional dredging and treatment methods are inefficient and cannot meet the needs of effective treatment of large amounts of contaminated sediment. For example, in some rivers around old mining areas, the content of heavy metals (such as lead, cadmium, mercury, etc.) in the sediment far exceeds environmental standards, posing a huge threat to the aquatic ecosystem and the health of surrounding residents.

[0003] The composition of the riverbed mud polluted by heavy metals in mining areas is complex, containing not only heavy metals, but also sediment of various particle sizes, ore fragments, organic debris, etc. This requires the cleaning and screening equipment to be able to adapt to the characteristics of such complex materials and achieve efficient and accurate cleaning and screening.

[0004] However, in the existing screening process of the bottom mud, the transported bottom mud will produce agglomeration, and the existing vibration screening mechanism is not effective in breaking up the agglomerated bottom mud, which will cause the sand and gravel in the agglomerated bottom mud to be wrapped and cannot be completely screened and vibrated out, affecting the subsequent treatment of the bottom mud. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiment of the present invention provides an electric excavation and screening method and equipment for heavy metal polluted riverbed mud in a mining area to solve the problems in the prior art.

[0006] The embodiment of the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an electric excavation and screening method for heavy metal-contaminated riverbed mud in a mining area, the screening method comprising the following steps:

[0007] It is equipped with a feed box, a preliminary screening mechanism, a vibrating screening mechanism and a screening moving mechanism.

[0008] The first step is to pour the bottom mud into the feed box, and screen the weeds or long debris in the bottom mud through the preliminary screening mechanism in the feed box. During the screening process, the two first vibration motors drive the feed box to vibrate and screen;

[0009] In the second step, the bottom mud is transported to the vibrating screening mechanism after preliminary screening. The vibrating screening mechanism can screen the sand and stones in the bottom mud, and the screened sand and stones are transported outward through the automatic conveyor belt below;

[0010] The third step is that during the screening process, the screening moving mechanism moves up and down on the vibrating screening mechanism to disperse and break up the agglomerated parts in the bottom mud, so that the sand and stones in the bottom mud can be completely screened out during the screening process;

[0011] The fourth step is that after the sludge is screened, the screened sludge can be discharged outward through the discharge plate.

[0012] Furthermore, a screening seat is provided on the side of the feed box, the preliminary screening mechanism is arranged in the feed box, the preliminary screening mechanism and the feed box are detachably connected, the vibrating screening mechanism is arranged on the screening seat, the screening movable mechanism is arranged on the screening seat, the screening movable mechanism and the vibrating screening mechanism are slidably matched, and the feed box and the vibrating screening mechanism are docked.

[0013] The present invention further crushes and crushes the sand and stones agglomerated and wrapped in the bottom mud and then screens them, which can improve the screening efficiency, increase the resource recovery rate, and enhance the heavy metal removal effect.

[0014] Furthermore, the preliminary screening mechanism includes a preliminary filtering fence plate, which is horizontally arranged and has four plug-in rods at the bottom. Four mounting seats are provided in the feed box, and the mounting seats are provided with plug-in holes that cooperate with the plug-in rods.

[0015] Furthermore, two symmetrically arranged first vibration motors are provided on the side walls of the feed box.

[0016] Furthermore, the vibrating screening mechanism includes an inclined cylindrical screening mesh, two connecting rods and two second vibration motors, the two connecting rods are respectively arranged on the cylindrical screening mesh, and the two connecting rods are connected to the screening seat, and the two second vibration motors are respectively symmetrically arranged on the side walls of the cylindrical screening mesh.

[0017] Furthermore, a circular screening grid frame is provided at the middle position of the cylindrical screening mesh cylinder.

[0018] Furthermore, the screening mobile mechanism includes a mounting frame, a driving motor, a driving gear, a driving tooth plate and a movable plate frame, the mounting frame is arranged on the screening seat, the driving motor is located on the mounting frame, the driving gear is connected to the main shaft of the driving motor, the bottom of the driving tooth plate is connected to the movable plate frame, the driving tooth plate is slidably connected to the mounting frame, the driving tooth plate is meshed with the driving gear, and the movable plate frame is provided with two sliding rods that slide with the mounting frame, the movable plate frame is slidably connected to the cylindrical screening mesh, and the movable plate frame slides with the circular screening mesh frame.

[0019] In the present invention, the up and down movement of the cutting plates will break the agglomerated bottom mud, so that the stones or gravel wrapped in the bottom mud are exposed, which is convenient for the subsequent circular screening grid and cylindrical screening grid to screen the sand and gravel in the bottom mud. By breaking them, the originally wrapped sand and gravel can be dispersed, and the particle size is more in line with the requirements of the screening equipment, so that they can pass through the screen smoothly, thereby improving the screening throughput and speed.

[0020] Furthermore, one end of the movable plate frame is provided with a plurality of cutting plates arranged at equal intervals, the cutting plates are arranged obliquely with respect to the movable plate frame and the cutting plates extend out of the movable plate frame.

[0021] Furthermore, a horizontally arranged placement plate is provided below the other end of the movable plate frame, and a plurality of brush rods are provided on the placement plate.

[0022] The screening mobile mechanism in the present invention can not only break up the agglomerated bottom mud and separate the sand and stones wrapped in the agglomerated bottom mud during screening of the bottom mud, so as to screen the sand and stones and realize comprehensive screening of the bottom mud, but also can realize in the process of screening the bottom mud, by driving a number of brush rods to move up and down, so as to clean up the bottom mud blocked on the circular screening grid, so as to facilitate the subsequent screening of the bottom mud.

[0023] Furthermore, the screening seat is provided with an automatic conveyor belt located below the cylindrical screening mesh drum, and a discharge plate is provided at the discharge end of the cylindrical screening mesh drum.

[0024] At least one of the above technical solutions adopted in the embodiments of the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0025] First, when the present invention crushes the lumps in the conveyed bottom mud, the driving motor drives the driving gear to rotate on the driving tooth plate, which will drive the position of the movable plate frame to move up and down on the mounting frame through two sliding rods, and will drive the plurality of cutting plates on the movable plate frame to continuously move up and down on the circular screening grid frame. The movement of the plurality of cutting plates up and down will crush the agglomerated bottom mud, so that the stones or sand and gravel wrapped in the bottom mud are exposed, which is convenient for the subsequent circular screening grid frame and the cylindrical screening grid cylinder to screen the sand and gravel in the bottom mud. By crushing them, the originally wrapped sand and gravel and stones can be dispersed, and the particle size is more in line with the requirements of the screening equipment, so that they can pass through the screen smoothly, thereby improving the screening flux and speed; for some complex mixed particles, such as lumps formed by the mixture of ore fragments and sticky bottom mud, particles of different properties can be separated after crushing, which is more conducive to subsequent accurate screening according to particle size and properties; by crushing, heavy metals can be better exposed, which is convenient for subsequent treatment by chemical or physical methods.

[0026] Secondly, the screening mobile mechanism in the present invention can not only break up the agglomerated mud and separate the sand and stones wrapped in the agglomerated mud during the screening process, so as to screen the sand and stones and realize the comprehensive screening of the mud, but also can realize in the process of screening the mud, by driving a number of brush rods to move up and down, so as to clean up the mud blocked on the circular screening grid, so as to facilitate the subsequent screening of the mud. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 A top view of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the feed box and the preliminary screening mechanism in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the screening moving mechanism in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0033] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the movable plate frame in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural exploded view of the movable plate rack in the present invention;

[0035] Reference numerals

[0036] Feed box 1, mounting seat 11, plug-in hole 12, first vibration motor 13, preliminary screening mechanism 2, preliminary filtering fence plate 21, plug-in rod 22, vibration screening mechanism 3, cylindrical screening mesh cylinder 31, connecting rod 32, second vibration motor 33, circular screening grid frame 34, screening moving mechanism 4, mounting frame 41, driving motor 42, driving gear 43, driving gear plate 44, moving plate frame 45, sliding rod 46, cutting plate 47, placing plate 48, brush rod 49, screening seat 5, automatic conveyor belt 51, discharge plate 52. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the specific embodiments of the present invention and the corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] The technical solutions provided by various embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0039] Reference Figures 1 to 7 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electric excavation and screening method for heavy metal-contaminated riverbed mud in a mining area, and the screening method comprises the following steps:

[0040] It is provided with a feed box 1, a preliminary screening mechanism 2, a vibrating screening mechanism 3 and a screening moving mechanism 4.

[0041] In the first step, the bottom mud is poured into the feed box 1, and the weeds or long debris in the bottom mud are screened by the preliminary screening mechanism 2 in the feed box 1. During the screening process, the two first vibration motors 13 drive the feed box 1 to vibrate and screen;

[0042] In the second step, the bottom mud is transported to the vibration screening mechanism 3 after preliminary screening. The vibration screening mechanism 3 can screen the sand and stones in the bottom mud, and the screened sand and stones are transported outward through the automatic conveyor belt 51 below;

[0043] In the third step, during the screening process, the screening moving mechanism 4 moves up and down on the vibrating screening mechanism 3 to disperse and break up the agglomerated parts in the bottom mud, so that the sand and stones in the bottom mud can be completely screened out during the screening process;

[0044] In the fourth step, after the sludge is screened, the screened sludge can be discharged to the outside through the discharge plate 52.

[0045] In this preferred embodiment, a screening seat 5 is provided on the side of the feed box 1, the preliminary screening mechanism 2 is arranged in the feed box 1, the preliminary screening mechanism 2 and the feed box 1 are detachably connected, the vibrating screening mechanism 3 is arranged on the screening seat 5, the screening moving mechanism 4 is arranged on the screening seat 5, the screening moving mechanism 4 and the vibrating screening mechanism 3 are slidably matched, and the feed box 1 and the vibrating screening mechanism 3 are docked.

[0046] It should be noted that, during the screening process of the bottom mud in the present invention, the bottom mud is in a dry state, which is convenient for screening out the stones and sand in the bottom.

[0047] In this preferred embodiment, the preliminary screening mechanism 2 includes a preliminary filtering fence plate 21, which is horizontally arranged and has four plug-in rods 22 at the bottom. Four mounting seats 11 are arranged in the feed box 1, and the mounting seats 11 are provided with plug-in holes 12 that are plugged in with the plug-in rods 22. Two symmetrically arranged first vibration motors 13 are provided on the side walls of the feed box 1.

[0048] The bottom mud is transported to the feed box 1, and the bottom mud in the feed box 1 is preliminarily screened by the first vibration motor 13, and the large and long branches or debris in the bottom mud are intercepted by the preliminary filtering fence plate 21. Under the vibration of the two first vibration motors 13, the bottom mud will fall from the preliminary filtering fence plate 21 and be transported to the cylindrical screening net 31;

[0049] When the primary filter fence plate 21 is not in use, the primary filter fence plate 21 can be pulled out from the corresponding four plug holes 12 on the mounting seats 11 through the four plug rods 22, and the debris filtered out of the primary filter fence plate 21 can be cleaned, and various debris attached thereto can be conveniently removed. Compared with cleaning in situ, this method can remove debris more thoroughly.

[0050] In this preferred embodiment, the vibrating screening mechanism 3 includes an inclined cylindrical screening mesh 31, two connecting rods 32 and two second vibration motors 33, the two connecting rods 32 are respectively arranged on the cylindrical screening mesh 31, and the two connecting rods 32 are connected to the screening seat 5, and the two second vibration motors 33 are respectively symmetrically arranged on the side walls of the cylindrical screening mesh 31.

[0051] After the bottom mud is initially filtered through the feed box 1 and transported to the cylindrical screening mesh 31, the two second vibration motors 33 can drive the cylindrical screening mesh 31 to shake and vibrate, thereby screening the bottom mud and screening out the stones or sand in the bottom mud to the automatic conveyor belt 51.

[0052] In this preferred embodiment, a circular screening grid frame 34 is provided at the middle position of the cylindrical screening mesh drum 31 .

[0053] The circular screening grid 34 can block the agglomerated bottom mud so as to break the agglomerated bottom mud. After breaking, the circular screening grid 34 can also be used to screen the bottom mud.

[0054] In this preferred embodiment, the screening mobile mechanism 4 includes a mounting frame 41, a driving motor 42, a driving gear 43, a driving tooth plate 44 and a moving plate frame 45. The mounting frame 41 is arranged on the screening seat 5, the driving motor 42 is located on the mounting frame 41, the driving gear 43 is connected to the main shaft of the driving motor 42, the bottom of the driving tooth plate 44 is connected to the moving plate frame 45, the driving tooth plate 44 is slidably connected to the mounting frame 41, the driving tooth plate 44 is meshed with the driving gear 43, and the moving plate frame 45 is provided with two sliding rods 46 that slide with the mounting frame 41, the moving plate frame 45 is slidably connected to the cylindrical screening mesh cylinder 31, and the moving plate frame 45 slides with the circular screening mesh frame 34; one end of the moving plate frame 45 is provided with a plurality of cutting plates 47 arranged at equal intervals, the cutting plates 47 are inclined to the moving plate frame 45 and the cutting plates 47 extend outside the moving plate frame 45.

[0055] When the lumps in the conveyed bottom mud are broken, the driving motor 42 drives the driving gear 43 to rotate on the driving tooth plate 44, which will drive the position of the movable plate frame 45 to move up and down on the mounting frame 41 through two sliding rods 46, which will drive the several cutting plates 47 on the movable plate frame 45 to move up and down continuously on the circular screening grid frame 34. The several cutting plates 47 move up and down to break the lumped bottom mud, so that the stones or sand and gravel wrapped in the bottom mud are exposed, which is convenient for the subsequent circular screening grid frame 34 and the cylindrical screening grid drum 31. Screening of sand and gravel in the sediment can disperse the originally wrapped sand and gravel by crushing them, so that the particle size is more in line with the requirements of the screening equipment, so that they can pass through the screen smoothly, improving the screening flux and speed; for some complex mixed particles, such as agglomerates formed by a mixture of ore fragments and sticky sediment, particles of different properties can be separated after crushing, which is more conducive to subsequent precise screening according to particle size and properties; heavy metals can be better exposed by crushing, which is convenient for subsequent treatment by chemical or physical methods.

[0056] In this preferred embodiment, a horizontally arranged placement plate 48 is provided below the other end of the movable plate frame 45 , and a plurality of brush rods 49 are provided on the placement plate 48 .

[0057] During the screening process, when the movable plate frame 45 moves up and down on the cylindrical screening mesh 31, it can drive the brush rods 49 on the placement plate 48 to move up and down on the circular screening mesh frame 34, thereby cleaning the blockage of the mesh holes of the circular screening mesh frame 34 for the screening of the bottom mud.

[0058] The screening mobile mechanism 4 in the present invention can not only break up the agglomerated bottom mud and separate the sand and stones wrapped in the agglomerated bottom mud during the screening process, so as to screen the sand and stones and realize the comprehensive screening of the bottom mud, but also can realize in the process of screening the bottom mud, by driving a number of brush rods 49 to move up and down, so as to clean up the bottom mud blocked on the circular screening grid 34, so as to facilitate the subsequent screening of the bottom mud.

[0059] In this preferred embodiment, the screening seat 5 is provided with an automatic conveyor belt 51 below the cylindrical screening mesh drum 31 , and a discharge plate 52 is provided at the discharge end of the cylindrical screening mesh drum 31 .

[0060] The sieved stones and gravel will fall onto the automatic conveyor belt 51, and the automatic conveyor belt 51 can convey and discharge the gravel and stones sieved by the cylindrical screening mesh drum 31; the discharge plate 52 can discharge the sieved bottom mud to the outside.

[0061] The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electric excavation and screening method for heavy metal-contaminated riverbed mud in mining areas, characterized in that: The screening method comprises the following steps: A feed box (1), a preliminary screening mechanism (2), a vibration screening mechanism (3) and a screening moving mechanism (4) are provided. The first step is to pour the bottom mud into a feed box (1), and screen the weeds or long debris in the bottom mud through the operation of a preliminary screening mechanism (2) in the feed box (1). During the screening process, two first vibration motors (13) are operated to drive the feed box (1) to vibrate and screen; In the second step, the bottom mud is transported to the vibrating screening mechanism (3) after preliminary screening. The vibrating screening mechanism (3) can screen the sand and stones in the bottom mud, and the screened sand and stones are transported outward through the automatic conveyor belt (51) below; In the third step, during the screening process, the screening moving mechanism (4) moves up and down on the vibrating screening mechanism (3) to disperse and break up the agglomerated parts in the bottom mud, so that the sand and stones in the bottom mud can be completely screened out during the screening process; In the fourth step, after the sludge is screened, the screened sludge can be discharged to the outside through the discharge plate (52).

2. The electric excavation and screening equipment for heavy metal-contaminated riverbed mud in mining areas according to claim 1 is characterized by: A screening seat (5) is provided on the side of the feed box (1), and the preliminary screening mechanism (2) is arranged inside the feed box (1); The preliminary screening mechanism (2) is detachably connected to the feed box (1); The vibrating screening mechanism (3) is arranged on a screening seat (5), the screening moving mechanism (4) is arranged on the screening seat (5), and the screening moving mechanism (4) and the vibrating screening mechanism (3) are slidably matched; The feed box (1) and the vibration screening mechanism (3) are butt-jointed.

3. The electric excavation and screening equipment for heavy metal-contaminated riverbed mud in mining areas according to claim 1 is characterized by: The preliminary screening mechanism (2) comprises a preliminary filtering fence plate (21), the preliminary filtering fence plate (21) is arranged horizontally, and four plug-in rods (22) are arranged at the bottom of the preliminary filtering fence plate (21); Four mounting seats (11) are arranged in the feed box (1), and the mounting seats (11) are provided with plug holes (12) which are plugged and matched with the plug rods (22).

4. The electric excavation and screening equipment for heavy metal-contaminated riverbed mud in mining areas according to claim 3 is characterized by: Two symmetrically arranged first vibration motors (13) are provided on the side wall of the feed box (1).

5. The electric excavation and screening equipment for heavy metal-contaminated riverbed mud in mining areas according to claim 1 is characterized by: The vibrating screening mechanism (3) comprises a cylindrical screening mesh cylinder (31) arranged in an inclined manner, two connecting rods (32) and two second vibrating motors (33); The two connecting rods (32) are respectively arranged on the cylindrical screening mesh cylinder (31), and the two connecting rods (32) are connected to the screening seat (5); The two second vibration motors (33) are symmetrically arranged on the side walls of the cylindrical screening mesh cylinder (31).

6. The electric excavation and screening equipment for heavy metal-contaminated riverbed mud in mining areas according to claim 5 is characterized by: A circular screening mesh frame (34) is provided at the middle position of the cylindrical screening mesh cylinder (31).

7. The electric excavation and screening equipment for heavy metal-contaminated riverbed mud in mining areas according to claim 6 is characterized by: The screening moving mechanism (4) comprises a mounting frame (41), a driving motor (42), a driving gear (43), a driving gear plate (44) and a moving plate frame (45); The mounting frame (41) is arranged on the screening seat (5), the driving motor (42) is located on the mounting frame (41), the driving gear (43) is connected to the main shaft of the driving motor (42), and the bottom of the driving gear plate (44) is connected to the moving plate frame (45); The driving toothed plate (44) is slidably connected to the mounting frame (41), and the driving toothed plate (44) is meshed with the driving gear (43); The movable plate frame (45) is provided with two sliding rods (46) which are slidably matched with the mounting frame (41); the movable plate frame (45) is slidably connected to the cylindrical screening mesh cylinder (31), and the movable plate frame (45) is slidably matched with the circular screening mesh frame (34).

8. The electric excavation and screening equipment for heavy metal-contaminated riverbed mud in mining areas according to claim 7 is characterized by: One end of the movable plate frame (45) is provided with a plurality of cutting plates (47) arranged at equal intervals. The cutting plates (47) are arranged obliquely with respect to the movable plate frame (45) and the cutting plates (47) extend outside the movable plate frame (45).

9. The electric excavation and screening equipment for heavy metal-contaminated riverbed mud in mining areas according to claim 8, characterized in that: A horizontally arranged placement plate (48) is provided below the other end of the movable plate frame (45), and a plurality of brush rods (49) are provided on the placement plate (48).

10. The electric excavation and screening equipment for heavy metal-contaminated riverbed mud in mining areas according to claim 5, characterized in that: The screening seat (5) is provided with an automatic conveyor belt (51) located below the cylindrical screening mesh drum (31), and a discharge plate (52) is provided at the discharge end of the cylindrical screening mesh drum (31).

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