Composite film with fireproof and heat-insulating functions

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite film with fireproof and heat-insulating functions. The composite film comprises a self-adhesive layer, a hierarchical pore structure heat-insulating layer and a protective layer, the self-adhesive layer is formed on the surface of the base material, the multi-stage pore structure heat insulation layer is formed on the surface of one side, far away from the base material, of the self-adhesive layer, the protective layer is formed on the surface of one side, far away from the base material, of the multi-stage pore structure heat insulation layer, and the multi-stage pore structure heat insulation layer can be freely switched between an open pore structure and a closed pore structure at different temperatures; when the temperature of the base material rises to exceed a set value or a fire disaster occurs, the self-adhesive layer automatically peels off to form an air layer, and high temperature or flame is blocked; a micro-nano hierarchical pore structure of the heat insulation layer is converted from an open pore structure to a closed pore structure, so that the hierarchical pore structure heat insulation layer material is automatically switched between the open pore structure and the closed pore structure along with temperature change, intelligent conversion from a heat dissipation function to a heat insulation function is realized, and the hierarchical pore structure heat insulation layer material and the protective layer act synergistically to obstruct temperature transfer and form a heat insulation function; the coating can be used for protecting the surfaces of metal, electronic products, batteries and other base materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of fireproof, flame-retardant, heat-insulating, insulating and intelligent thermal runaway management materials, and in particular to a fireproof and heat-insulating functional composite film. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing fire protection requirements for marine equipment, construction, petrochemicals, pipelines, etc., the miniaturization and micro-miniaturization of new energy equipment, energy storage equipment, and wearable devices, and the continuous and rapid heat release caused by overheating, collision, high temperature, fire, etc. during the use of equipment, thermal runaway safety issues such as damage to buildings and equipment, fire, explosion, and even threats to people's lives. If fireproof materials and thermal insulation materials are applied to the surface of different substrates, they can temporarily protect the combustible substrate, delay the fire and combustion of the substrate, and effectively reduce the temperature on the surface and inside of the building. It has broad application prospects in industrial, civil, military and other industries.

[0003] Patent CN202120498466.4 introduces a fireproof and heat-insulating assembly for a power battery, including a heat-insulating sleeve, a fire-resistant sleeve, and a heat-insulating coating layer, which has the advantages of good fireproof and heat-insulating effects. Patent CN202111431510.0 introduces a closed-cell aerogel microsphere and its preparation method, a heat-insulating coating and its preparation method, and a heat-insulating coating film, which achieves the technical effects of obtaining closed-cell hollow aerogel microspheres, reducing the influence of surface tension on pore size, improving compressive strength, and improving heat-insulating efficiency.

[0004] However, the thermal insulation film layer provided in the prior art is difficult to achieve functions such as rapid heat dissipation and heat insulation under different temperature environments. When the temperature is higher than room temperature and lower than the set temperature, the substrate needs to dissipate heat quickly; when the temperature continues to rise above the set temperature or a fire occurs, when the building or equipment has thermal runaway, the substrate surface needs to be timely fireproof and heat-insulated, while avoiding damage to adjacent buildings or equipment due to thermal runaway and protecting personnel safety. At present, there are few reports on related materials. The present invention intends to provide a composite film with such functions to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention relates to a fireproof and heat-insulating composite film with intelligent fireproof and heat-insulating functions. The composite film has intelligent fireproof and heat-insulating functions and is designed to solve the above problems existing in fire prevention, heat insulation and thermal runaway management. The composite film with three-layer structure and intelligent fireproof and heat-insulating functions is attached to the surface of metal, plastic, concrete, electronic products, batteries, precision equipment and other substrates by layer-by-layer film pasting, layer-by-layer spraying, layer-by-layer brushing, layer-by-layer roller coating, layer-by-layer shower coating and layer-by-layer dipping coating, so as to achieve the purpose of intelligent fireproof and heat-insulating functions and timely heat dissipation and heat insulation functions at a predetermined temperature.

[0006] The present application provides a fireproof and heat-insulating functional composite film, comprising a self-adhesive layer, a multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer and a protective layer; the self-adhesive layer is formed on the surface of the substrate, the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer is formed on the surface of the self-adhesive layer away from the substrate, and the protective layer is formed on the surface of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer away from the substrate; the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer can freely switch between an open-pore structure and a closed-pore structure at different temperatures to change the thermal conductivity of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer.

[0007] Furthermore, the self-adhesive layer, the multi-level porous structure heat-insulating layer and the protective layer are arranged in sequence.

[0008] Furthermore, the multi-level pore structure heat insulation layer is a pore structure with a multi-level micron-nano open pore structure.

[0009] In some embodiments, the multi-level micron-nano open pore structure is formed disorderly in the thermal insulation layer.

[0010] In some embodiments, the pore size of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer is 1nm-100μm;

[0011] Furthermore, the pore size of the multi-level pore structure heat insulation layer is 1nm-100μm.

[0012] Furthermore, it is defined that the multi-level porous structure heat insulation layer contains at least two sizes of porous structures, below 100 nm and above 1 μm.

[0013] Furthermore, the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer can switch freely between an open-pore structure and a closed-pore structure at different temperatures.

[0014] In some embodiments, under a certain ambient temperature, the thermal conductivity of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer can be reduced from greater than 0.2 W / (mk) to less than 0.035 W / (mk) to achieve the thermal insulation function.

[0015] Furthermore, when the temperature of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer is lower than 120°C, the multi-level porous structure in the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer is an open-pore structure; when the temperature is higher than 120°C or a fire occurs, the open-pore structure of the multi-level porous structure in the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer can be converted into a closed-pore structure, so that the thermal conductivity of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer is reduced from greater than 0.1W / (mk) to less than 0.035W / (mk).

[0016] Furthermore, it is defined that the surface of the protective layer is a super-hydrophobic structure, and the water contact angle between the surface and the air is greater than 150°.

[0017] In some embodiments, when the temperature of the substrate rises above a set value or a fire occurs, the self-adhesive layer automatically peels off to form an air layer between the self-adhesive layer and the substrate.

[0018] In more detail, when the temperature of the substrate rises above the set value or a fire occurs, the self-adhesive layer automatically peels off and forms an air layer between the substrate to block high temperature or flames; the micro-nano multilevel pore structure of the multilevel pore structure thermal insulation layer is converted from an open-pore structure to a closed-pore structure, and the thermal conductivity is reduced from more than 0.1W / (mk) to less than 0.035W / (mk), which works synergistically with the protective layer to block temperature transfer and form a thermal insulation effect. The composite film realizes the transformation from heat dissipation function to thermal insulation function.

[0019] The composite film with intelligent fireproof and heat-insulating functions of the present invention can be firmly attached to the surface of metal, non-metal, plastic, polymer resin, concrete, silicon chip, paper and composite material on both the front and back sides of the self-adhesive layer.

[0020] The composite membrane with intelligent fireproof and heat-insulating functions described in the present invention has a heat-insulating layer with a micron-nano multilevel pore structure with a pore size of 1nm-100μm, and the multilevel pore structure is an open-pore structure, containing at least two sizes of multilevel pore structures below 100nm and above 1μm. When the temperature rises above the set value or a fire occurs, the micro-nano open-pore structure can be converted into a closed-pore structure to achieve free switching between the open-pore structure and the closed-pore structure, and the thermal conductivity is reduced from greater than 0.1W / (mk) to less than 0.035W / (mk), and the composite membrane realizes the transformation from heat dissipation function to heat insulation function.

[0021] The fireproof and heat-insulating composite film of the present invention has a water contact angle of the protective layer on the air contact surface greater than 150°, and can form an air film with corrosive media including water vapor, oxygen, metal ions, and non-metal ions.

[0022] The composite film with intelligent fireproof and heat-insulating functions described in the present invention and the protective film can be obtained by one or more construction methods including layer-by-layer film pasting, layer-by-layer spraying, layer-by-layer brushing, layer-by-layer roller coating, layer-by-layer shower coating, and layer-by-layer dipping.

[0023] The fireproof and heat-insulating functional composite film of the present invention has the characteristics of fire prevention, flame retardancy, heat insulation, insulation, and intelligent thermal runaway management, and can be used for the protection and preservation of the surface of substrates such as metals, plastics, concrete, electronic products, batteries, and equipment.

[0024] The composite film involved in the present invention has intelligent fireproof and heat-insulating functions. By constructing a multi-layer structure with composite functions, multifunctional conversion under different environmental conditions is realized, that is: when the ambient temperature is higher than the room temperature and lower than the set temperature, the auxiliary substrate quickly dissipates heat; when the temperature continues to rise and exceeds the set temperature or a fire occurs, the substrate is given fireproof and heat-insulating functions to avoid thermal runaway of buildings or precision equipment, while avoiding damage to adjacent buildings or equipment due to thermal runaway and protecting personnel safety. The ingenious design of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer in this application can realize the automatic switching of the thermal insulation layer material between the open-pore structure and the closed-pore structure as the temperature changes. The composite film realizes the intelligent transformation from the heat dissipation function to the heat insulation function, and provides a guarantee for the base material to perform safe and efficient performance under different environmental conditions. The self-adhesive layer serves as a connecting layer between the base material and the thermal insulation layer and the functional protection layer. The double-sided self-adhesive property makes the multi-layer structure easy to realize. The protective layer provides additional functions for the base material. Under the premise of safety and effectiveness, the protective layer has a super-hydrophobic structure on the surface of the base material, which gives the base material surface a hydrophobic function. At the same time, with the help of the air film formed between the protective layer and the corrosive medium, the service life of the base material can be further extended. Compared with the existing technology, it has unexpected technical effects and significant progress. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work, among which:

[0026] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the partial internal structure of a fireproof and heat-insulating composite film provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the partial internal structure of the composite membrane with fireproof and heat-insulating functions after the external temperature rises above the set temperature or a fire occurs;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a fireproof and heat-insulating functional composite membrane with a multi-level pore structure provided by the present invention, wherein the heat-insulating layer has a multi-level pore structure;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a fireproof and heat-insulating composite film formed on a battery surface provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram showing that the surface of a fireproof and heat-insulating composite film provided by the present invention has super-hydrophobic properties;

[0031] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of a fireproof and heat-insulating composite film provided by the present invention after being sprayed with a high-temperature flame;

[0032] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram for comparing test data results of a fireproof and heat-insulating functional composite film provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, a fireproof heat-insulating functional composite film comprises a self-adhesive layer (2), a multi-level porous structure heat-insulating layer (3) and a protective layer (4); the self-adhesive layer (2) is formed on the surface of a substrate (1), the multi-level porous structure heat-insulating layer (3) is formed on the surface of the self-adhesive layer (2) away from the substrate (1), and the protective layer (4) is formed on the surface of the multi-level porous structure heat-insulating layer (3) away from the substrate (1); the multi-level porous structure heat-insulating layer can freely switch between an open-pore structure and a closed-pore structure at different temperatures to change the thermal conductivity of the multi-level porous structure heat-insulating layer.

[0035] Furthermore, the self-adhesive layer (2), the multi-level porous structure heat insulation layer (3) and the protective layer (4) are arranged in sequence.

[0036] like Figure 4 As shown, the fireproof and heat-insulating composite film provided by the present invention is formed on the surface of the battery. Figure 4 Middle left picture: The self-adhesive layer and the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer are coated. The surface of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer has a multi-level porous structure to change the thermal conductivity of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer; Figure 4 Middle right picture: The structure of the coated self-adhesive layer, multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer and protective layer.

[0037] Furthermore, the multi-level pore structure heat insulation layer (3) is a pore structure with a multi-level micron-nano open pore structure. The multi-level micron-nano open pore structure is formed in the heat insulation layer in a disordered manner.

[0038] The pore size of the multi-level pore structure thermal insulation layer is 1nm-100μm. Figure 3 As shown, the fireproof and heat-insulating functional composite membrane multi-level porous structure heat insulation layer has a multi-level porous structure, showing a micron-nano multi-level porous structure with a pore size of 50nm-10μm.

[0039] Furthermore, it is defined that the multi-level porous structure heat insulation layer contains at least two sizes of porous structures below 100 nm and above 1 μm.

[0040] The multi-level porous structure heat insulation layer (3) can freely switch between an open-pore structure and a closed-pore structure at different temperatures. For example, when the ambient temperature is higher than 100° C. or 120° C., the thermal conductivity of the multi-level porous structure heat insulation layer (3) can be reduced from greater than 0.2 W / (mk) to less than 0.035 W / (mk), thereby achieving a heat insulation function.

[0041] In more detail, when the temperature is lower than 120°C, the multilevel pore structure in the multilevel pore structure heat insulation layer (3) is an open-pore structure; when the temperature is higher than 120°C or a fire occurs, the open-pore structure in the multilevel pore structure heat insulation layer (3) can be converted into a closed-pore structure, that is, Figure 2 The open pore structure (6) of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer shown in the figure reduces the thermal conductivity of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer (3) from more than 0.1 W / (mk) to less than 0.035 W / (mk).

[0042] Furthermore, the water contact angle of the protective layer (4) in contact with the air is greater than 150°. When the temperature of the substrate rises to a value exceeding a set value or a fire occurs, such as greater than 120°C, 150°C, etc., which is much higher than the ambient temperature, the self-adhesive layer automatically peels off, and an air layer is formed between the protective layer (4) and the substrate. Figure 2 as shown to achieve thermal insulation.

[0043] exist Figure 5 Schematic diagram showing that the surface of the fireproof and heat-insulating composite film provided by the present invention has super-hydrophobic properties, and its water contact angle is 151.3°;

[0044] In more detail, it is further described in the following examples.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] An organic silicon self-adhesive material is selected and firmly attached to a lithium battery aluminum alloy shell substrate (1) by a film-sticking method to prepare a self-adhesive layer (2), which is formed on the surface of the substrate (1); the self-adhesive layer is a polymer or a composite. Then, a mixture of silicon-aluminum-titanium composite oxide and an inorganic phosphate-silicate adhesive having a porous structure is attached to the outside of the self-adhesive layer (2) by a spraying process, and a multi-level pore structure heat insulation layer (3) having a micron-nano open pore structure is formed on the surface of the self-adhesive layer (2) away from the substrate (1), wherein the micron pore size is 5-10 μm and the nano pore size is 5-50 nm.

[0047] The water-based super-hydrophobic coating is attached to the outer side of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer (3) by a brush coating process to form a protective layer (4), that is, the protective layer (4) is formed on the surface of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer (3) away from the substrate (1).

[0048] The self-adhesive layer (2), the multi-level porous structure heat insulation layer (3) and the protective layer (4) are sequentially arranged on the surface of the substrate (1).

[0049] It is further defined that the water contact angle of the prepared protective layer (4) in contact with air is greater than 150°, exemplarily 151.3°, 152.6°, etc., and an air film can be formed between the protective layer (4) and the corrosive media including water vapor, oxygen, metal ions, and non-metal ions.

[0050] The prepared composite film has intelligent fireproof and heat-insulating functions and can be used as a heat-insulating film between power battery cells.

[0051] In more detail, the multi-level porous structure heat insulation layer (3) proposed in the present application has a multi-level micron-nano multi-level porous structure, such as Figure 3 As shown; a multi-level micron-nano open pore structure is formed disorderly in the thermal insulation layer; the multi-level pore structure thermal insulation layer (3) is a phase change structure, and the structure changes with temperature. When the temperature is lower than 120°C, the multi-level pore structure is an open pore structure with heat dissipation function; when the temperature is higher than 120°C or a fire occurs, the open pore structure of the micron-nano multi-level pore structure can be converted into a closed pore structure. Figure 2 The open pore structure (6) of the multi-level pore structure heat insulation layer shown in the figure reduces the thermal conductivity from more than 0.1W / (mk) to less than 0.035W / (mk), thus achieving the heat insulation function, so that the composite film can achieve the transformation from heat dissipation function to heat insulation function.

[0052] In another embodiment, it can be defined that when the temperature is higher than 120°C or a fire occurs, the open-pore structure (3) of the micron-nano multi-level pore structure can be converted into a closed-pore structure (6), and the thermal conductivity is reduced from greater than 0.2W / (mk) to less than 0.035W / (mk), thereby achieving a heat insulation function. This allows the composite film to achieve a transition from a heat dissipation function to a heat insulation function.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] A self-adhesive layer (2) formed by a composite of silicate, phosphate, and epoxy-phenolic resin is attached to the surface of a steel structure substrate (1). An organic-inorganic composite nanomaterial composed of zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, and polyacrylate is formed into a heat-insulating layer (3) having a micron-nanometer multi-level pore structure, and is attached to the outside of the self-adhesive layer (2) by a brush coating process.

[0055] Specifically, the micropore size is 10-100 μm, and the nanopore size is 20-100 nm. Further, a fluorocarbon resin coating is attached to the outer side of the heat insulation layer with a micron-nanometer multi-level pore structure by a layer-by-layer brushing process to form a protective layer (4).

[0056] The water contact angle of the prepared protective layer (4) with the air contact surface is greater than 150°, exemplarily 151.3°, 152.6°, etc., and can form an air film with corrosive media including water vapor, oxygen, metal ions, and non-metal ions. The prepared intelligent fireproof and heat-insulating composite film can be applied to building exterior walls, oil and gas pipelines, central heating pipelines, and maintenance devices.

[0057] The multi-level pore structure heat insulation layer (3) is a pore structure with a multi-level micron-nano open pore structure. The multi-level micron-nano open pore structure is formed disorderly in the heat insulation layer. The micron-nano multi-level pore structure of the multi-level pore structure heat insulation layer (3) undergoes structural transformation as the temperature changes. The composite multi-level pore structure formed by zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, and polyacrylate includes micron-nano pores, thereby making the multi-level micron-nano open pore structure disorderly formed in the heat insulation layer, forming a multi-layer phase change structure. When the temperature is lower than 180°C, the multi-level pore structure is an open pore structure with heat dissipation function; when the temperature is higher than 180°C or a fire occurs, the open pore structure (3) of the micro-nano multi-level pore structure can be converted into a closed pore structure (6), and the thermal conductivity is reduced from more than 0.2W / (mk) to less than 0.035W / (mk), realizing the heat insulation function. The composite film realizes the transformation from heat dissipation function to heat insulation function.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] The epoxy-polyacrylate self-adhesive layer (2) is attached to the surface of the PP plastic substrate (1). The organic-inorganic composite self-adhesive material composed of nano iron oxide, nano carbon material, nano silicon dioxide, nano cerium oxide, polyurethane resin, and silicone resin, which forms a material with a micron-nano multi-level pore structure, is attached to the outside of the self-adhesive layer (2) to form a heat insulation layer (3) with a micron-nano multi-level pore structure, wherein the micron pore size is 1-10 μm and the nano pore size is 5-60 nm.

[0060] Furthermore, the organic silicon-inorganic silicon super hydrophobic self-adhesive material is attached to the outer side of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer by bonding, that is, formed on the surface of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer (3) away from the substrate (1), forming a functional protective layer (4).

[0061] In each embodiment, the self-adhesive layer (2), the multi-level porous structure heat insulation layer (3) and the protective layer (4) are arranged in sequence.

[0062] The water contact angle of the prepared protective layer and the air contact surface is greater than 150°, exemplarily 151.3°, 152.6°, etc., and can form an air film with corrosive media including water vapor, oxygen, metal ions, and non-metal ions. The prepared intelligent fireproof and heat-insulating composite film can be applied to electronic devices, intelligent wearable devices, and heat-insulating films on the surface of plastic films. The micro-nano multi-level pore structure of the heat-insulating layer (3) undergoes structural transformation as the temperature changes.

[0063] The multi-level pore structure heat insulation layer has a micron-nano multi-level pore structure with a pore size of 1nm-100μm. The multi-level pore structure is an open-pore structure, and contains at least two multi-level pore structures of less than 100nm and more than 1μm. When the temperature rises above the set value or a fire occurs, this micro-nano open-pore structure can be converted into a closed-pore structure. When the temperature is below 100°C, the multi-level pore structure is an open-pore structure with a heat dissipation function; when the temperature is above 100°C or a fire occurs, the open-pore structure (3) of the micro-nano multi-level pore structure can be converted into a closed-pore structure (6), such as Figure 2 In the structure shown, the thermal conductivity is reduced from more than 0.1W / (mk) to less than 0.035W / (mk), achieving the heat insulation function. The composite film achieves the transition from heat dissipation function to heat insulation function.

[0064] Figure 6 It shows that the fireproof and heat-insulating functional composite film provided by the present invention has no cracking or falling off after being sprayed with a high-temperature flame, and has stable heat-insulating performance.

[0065] Further, combined with Figure 7 In the embodiment, the temperature of the back plate after flame spraying a 1 mm thick fireproof and heat-insulating composite film is the same thickness as the control sample, which is not provided with a fireproof and heat-insulating composite film. Figure 7 Curve 1 is the test result of Example 1, Curve 2 is the test result of Example 2, and Curve 3 is the test result of Example 3. It can be seen from the test that the composite film with fireproof and heat-insulating functions provided by the present invention has a better heat-insulating temperature, can better isolate the ambient temperature, and achieve the purpose of fireproof and heat-insulating. Therefore, the present invention has significant progress and substantial characteristics.

[0066] When the temperature of the substrate rises above the set value or a fire occurs, the self-adhesive layer automatically peels off, and an air layer is formed between the substrate to block the high temperature or flame; the micro-nano multi-level pore structure of the multi-level pore structure heat insulation layer is converted from an open-pore structure to a closed-pore structure, and the thermal conductivity is reduced from greater than 0.1W / (mk) to less than 0.035W / (mk), and it cooperates with the protective layer to block temperature transfer and form a heat insulation effect, so that the composite film realizes the transformation from heat dissipation function to heat insulation function. Alternatively, the thermal conductivity of the multi-level pore structure heat insulation layer (3) is reduced from greater than 0.2W / (mk) to less than 0.035W / (mk), thereby realizing the heat insulation function.

[0067] The composite membrane with intelligent fireproof and heat-insulating functions described in the present invention has a heat-insulating layer with a micron-nano multilevel pore structure with a pore size of 1nm-100μm, and the multilevel pore structure is an open-pore structure, containing at least two sizes of multilevel pore structures below 100nm and above 1μm. When the temperature rises above the set value or a fire occurs, the micro-nano open-pore structure can be converted into a closed-pore structure to achieve free switching between the open-pore structure and the closed-pore structure, and the thermal conductivity is reduced from greater than 0.1W / (mk) to less than 0.035W / (mk), and the composite membrane realizes the transformation from heat dissipation function to heat insulation function.

[0068] The fireproof and heat-insulating composite film of the present invention has a water contact angle of the protective layer on the air contact surface greater than 150°, and can form an air film with corrosive media including water vapor, oxygen, metal ions, and non-metal ions.

[0069] The composite film with intelligent fireproof and heat-insulating functions described in the present invention and the protective film can be obtained by one or more construction methods including layer-by-layer film pasting, layer-by-layer spraying, layer-by-layer brushing, layer-by-layer roller coating, layer-by-layer shower coating, and layer-by-layer dipping.

[0070] The fireproof and heat-insulating functional composite film of the present invention has the characteristics of fire prevention, flame retardancy, heat insulation, insulation, and intelligent thermal runaway management, and can be used for the protection and preservation of the surface of substrates such as metals, plastics, concrete, electronic products, batteries, and equipment.

[0071] The composite film involved in the present invention has intelligent fireproof and heat-insulating functions. By constructing a multi-layer structure with composite functions, multifunctional conversion under different environmental conditions is realized, that is, when the ambient temperature is higher than room temperature and lower than the set temperature, the auxiliary substrate quickly dissipates heat; when the temperature continues to rise and exceeds the set temperature or a fire occurs, the substrate is given fireproof and heat-insulating functions to avoid thermal runaway of buildings or precision equipment, and at the same time avoid damage to adjacent buildings or equipment due to thermal runaway and protect personnel safety. The ingenious design of the multi-level pore structure heat-insulating layer in the present application can realize the automatic switching of the heat-insulating layer material between the open-pore structure and the closed-pore structure as the temperature changes, and the composite film realizes the intelligent transformation from heat dissipation function to heat-insulating function; it provides a guarantee for the base material to play a safe and efficient performance under different environmental conditions. The self-adhesive layer is used as a connecting layer between the base material and the heat-insulating layer and the functional protective layer. The multi-layer structure is easy to realize through the double-sided self-adhesive characteristics. The protective layer provides additional functions for the base material. Under the premise of safety and effectiveness, the surface of the protective layer is super-hydrophobic, and the hydrophobic function is given to the surface of the base material. At the same time, with the help of the air film formed between the corrosive medium, the service life of the base material can be further extended.

[0072] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the present invention. Any technical solutions obtained by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fireproof and heat-insulating composite film, characterized in that: It comprises a self-adhesive layer, a multi-level porous structure heat-insulating layer and a protective layer; the self-adhesive layer is formed on the surface of a substrate, the multi-level porous structure heat-insulating layer is formed on the surface of the self-adhesive layer away from the substrate, and the protective layer is formed on the surface of the multi-level porous structure heat-insulating layer away from the substrate; The multi-level pore structure heat insulation layer can be freely switched between an open-pore structure and a closed-pore structure at different temperatures to change the thermal conductivity of the multi-level pore structure heat insulation layer.

2. A fireproof and heat-insulating functional composite film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-level pore structure heat insulation layer is a pore structure with a multi-level micron-nano open pore structure.

3. A fireproof and heat-insulating composite film according to claim 2, characterized in that: The multi-level micron-nano open pore structure is formed disorderly in the heat insulation layer.

4. A fireproof and heat-insulating composite film according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The pore size of the multi-level pore structure heat insulation layer is 1nm-100μm.

5. The fireproof and heat-insulating composite film according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the multi-level micron-nano open pore structure, the micron pore size is 1-100 μm, and the nano pore size is 5-100 nm.

6. A fireproof and heat-insulating composite film according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The multi-level porous structure heat insulation layer contains at least two types of porous structures, one with a size of less than 100 nm and one with a size of more than 1 μm.

7. A fireproof and heat-insulating composite film according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Under a certain ambient temperature, the thermal conductivity of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer can be reduced from greater than 0.2 W / (mk) to less than 0.035 W / (mk) to achieve thermal insulation.

8. The fireproof and heat-insulating composite film according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the temperature of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer is lower than 120°C, the multi-level porous structure in the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer is an open-pore structure; when the temperature is higher than 120°C or a fire occurs, the open-pore structure of the multi-level porous structure in the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer can be converted into a closed-pore structure, so that the thermal conductivity of the multi-level porous structure thermal insulation layer is reduced from greater than 0.1W / (mk) to less than 0.035W / (mk).

9. A fireproof and heat-insulating composite film according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The surface of the protective layer is a super hydrophobic structure, and the water contact angle between the surface and the air is greater than 150°.

10. A fireproof and heat-insulating composite film according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When the temperature of the substrate rises above a set value or a fire occurs, the self-adhesive layer automatically peels off, and an air layer is formed between the self-adhesive layer and the substrate.

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