Formwork-free high-ductility concrete constructional column formwork and construction method

Abstract

The formwork-free high-ductility concrete constructional column formwork comprises a first high-ductility concrete prefabricated part and a second high-ductility concrete prefabricated part, the first high-ductility concrete prefabricated part and the second high-ductility concrete prefabricated part are arranged on the front side and the rear side of a constructional column correspondingly, and a first reserved hole and a second reserved hole are formed in the first high-ductility concrete prefabricated part and the second high-ductility concrete prefabricated part correspondingly; the fastening device comprises a first base plate, a second base plate, a fastening bolt, a split screw and a PVC sleeve, the PVC sleeve sequentially communicates with the first reserved hole and the second reserved hole, the two ends of the PVC sleeve are connected with the first base plate, the split screw penetrates through the first base plate and is arranged in the PVC sleeve, the split screw is connected with the fastening bolt, the second base plate is arranged between the fastening bolt and the first base plate, and the PVC sleeve is connected with the second base plate. The high-ductility concrete is adopted for manufacturing the prefabricated part, the fastening device is matched to serve as a constructional column formwork, the complex mounting and dismounting procedures of a traditional formwork are avoided, and the construction efficiency is improved; and meanwhile, the high-ductility concrete is used as a castable to prepare the constructional column, so that the shear bearing capacity of the wall body and the anti-seismic property of the brick masonry wall are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of building reinforcement construction, and more specifically, relates to a formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column template and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] Structural columns are a type of structural member used in buildings, mainly used to enhance the structural stability and earthquake resistance of buildings. Structural columns are usually set at the corners of walls, at the junction of inner and outer walls, and on both sides of larger openings (such as doors and windows). They are mainly used to enhance the stability of walls, improve earthquake resistance, and improve the integrity of the structure.

[0003] In the traditional construction of structural columns, there are problems such as difficult formwork, cumbersome process handover, long time consumption, high cost and inconvenient manual operation. These problems not only increase the cost of construction, but also lead to quality problems such as honeycomb, rough surface, leakage, and missing edges and corners in the pouring process of structural columns, which affects the construction efficiency of structural columns and the final project quality. Moreover, the traditional formwork process requires a lot of on-site manual operation, which is easy to cause inaccurate formwork due to differences in workers' technical levels, thus affecting the pouring quality of concrete. In addition, the installation and removal process of the formwork is complicated and time-consuming, which increases the construction period and delays the progress of the project.

[0004] Patent number: CN117108054A, named as an invention patent for a prefabricated assembled structural column template without formwork. The convex plate and the concave plate of the mold shell are connected by corresponding tenons and grooves. The convex plate and the concave plate of the mold shell have wire mesh inside as the structural column template. After the pouring of the structural column is completed, it is necessary to wait for the concrete strength to reach the standard before removing the mold shell and proceeding with the next step of structural column and masonry construction. The construction period is long, and the ordinary concrete used results in poor bonding performance and seismic resistance with the masonry.

[0005] Patent number: CN102936964A, title: An invention patent for a construction method of a high-ductility concrete embedded structural column. High-ductility fiber concrete is used for structural column formwork construction, but the construction method still uses the traditional formwork method, the construction process is complicated, and the construction efficiency is low.

[0006] Patent number: CN201512754U, title: An invention patent for a formwork-free construction method for structural columns. The masonry blocks of structural columns need to be constructed and formed in multiple times and cannot be poured in one go. The construction process is still relatively complicated and requires a lot of labor and material costs. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the problems of low construction process efficiency, high construction cost and poor seismic performance of the wall connected to the structural column and masonry in the existing structural column construction method, the present invention provides a formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column template and a construction method. Prefabricated components are made of high-ductility concrete and used as structural column templates in conjunction with fastening devices. The prefabricated components are both templates and parts of the structural columns. The problems of the traditional construction method in which the structural column project volume is small but the formwork consumes a lot of materials and labor, the workload of formwork on the construction site is reduced, the complicated installation and disassembly procedures of traditional formwork are avoided, and the construction efficiency is improved. At the same time, high-ductility concrete is used as a casting material to make structural columns, which improves the shear bearing capacity of the wall, avoids brittle failure, and improves the seismic performance of the brick masonry wall.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column template is provided, comprising a first high-ductility concrete precast component, a second high-ductility concrete precast component and a fastening device; wherein, The first high-ductility precast concrete component and the second high-ductility precast concrete component are respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the structural column, the first high-ductility precast concrete component is provided with a first reserved hole, and the second high-ductility precast concrete component is provided with a second reserved hole; The fastening device includes a first pad, a second pad, a fastening bolt, a tension screw and a PVC sleeve. The PVC sleeve is connected to the first reserved hole and the second reserved hole in sequence, and both ends are respectively connected to the first pad. The tension screw passes through the first pad and is arranged in the PVC sleeve. Both ends of the tension screw are connected to the fastening bolt. The second pad is arranged between the fastening bolt and the first pad.

[0009] Preferably, two first reserved holes are sequentially provided on the first high-ductility concrete precast component along the vertical direction, the distance between the two first reserved holes is less than or equal to 500 mm, and the distance between the first reserved hole located at the bottom and the bottom of the first high-ductility concrete precast component is less than or equal to 200 mm; and two second reserved holes are sequentially provided on the second high-ductility concrete precast component along the vertical direction, the distance between the two second reserved holes is less than or equal to 500 mm, and the distance between the second reserved hole located at the bottom and the bottom of the second high-ductility concrete precast component is less than or equal to 200 mm.

[0010] Preferably, the thickness of the first high-ductility precast concrete component is greater than the thickness of the second high-ductility precast concrete component, and the first high-ductility precast concrete component and the second high-ductility precast concrete component are both made of HDC-1 high-ductility concrete.

[0011] Preferably, the thickness of the first high-ductility precast concrete component is in the range of 40-50 mm, and the thickness of the second high-ductility precast concrete component is in the range of 20-30 mm.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes prefabricated dowel bars and a structural column reinforcement cage, wherein the structural column reinforcement cage is arranged on the first high-ductility concrete prefabricated component, and the prefabricated dowel bars are cooperatively connected with the structural column reinforcement cage.

[0013] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for constructing a formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column is provided, which is implemented by using any of the formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column templates, and specifically comprises the following steps: S1. Setting tooth-shaped grooves: The masonry on both sides of the structural column is built normally, and tooth-shaped grooves are left at the junction of the wall so that the structural column and the wall made later can be tightly connected; S2. Adjust the prefabricated dowel bars: Use a steel bar wrench to straighten and adjust the prefabricated dowel bars embedded in the masonry on both sides of the structural column, and put stirrups on the prefabricated dowel bars according to the design requirements; S3, installing formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column templates: according to the actual construction height, multiple formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column templates are installed in sequence in the vertical direction so that the structural column steel cage is tied to the prefabricated dowel bars; S4. Casting high-ductility concrete to form a structural column: using the same high-ductility concrete as the first high-ductility concrete precast component and the second high-ductility concrete precast component as a casting material on the top of the formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column formwork to cast therein and form the structural column; S5. Remove the fastening devices and treat the surface of the structural column: After the concrete reaches the solidification standard, remove the fastening devices and treat the surface of the structural column.

[0014] Preferably, S3 specifically includes the following steps: S3-1, installing the first high-ductility concrete precast component according to the actual size of the structural column to be manufactured, and tying the precast dowel bars to the structural column steel cage bars on the first high-ductility concrete precast component; S3-2, install a second high-ductility concrete precast component on the other side of the structural column; S3-3. Pass the PVC sleeve through the first reserved hole and the second reserved hole in sequence, insert the tension screw into the PVC sleeve, and sequentially put on the first pad, the second pad and the fastening bolts on both sides of the tension screw, and tighten the fastening bolts to complete the fixation of the fastening device.

[0015] Preferably, S5 specifically includes the following steps: S5-1. After the concrete reaches the specified construction strength, remove the fastening device: remove the fastening bolts, the second pad, the first pad, the tension screw and the PVC sleeve in sequence; S5-2, after the PVC casings in the first reserved hole and the second reserved hole are chiseled out, the openings of the first reserved hole and the second reserved hole are polished and smoothed, the openings are moistened with water, and then blocked with high-ductility concrete; S5-3. After the high-ductility concrete has finally set, grind the excess high-ductility concrete at the opening to make it smooth and moist, and rub the surface of the opening with dry cement until the color of the high-ductility concrete at the opening is consistent with that of the structural column.

[0016] Preferably, an intelligent monitoring and adjustment system is also provided, and the intelligent monitoring and adjustment system includes a sensor integration unit, a data acquisition unit, a central processing unit, a user interface, an automatic adjustment unit, a wireless communication unit and an alarm unit, wherein: The sensor integration unit is arranged on the structural column and the masonry on both sides of the structural column, and is connected to the data acquisition unit. The sensor integration unit includes a strain sensor, a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor; The data acquisition unit is connected to the central processing unit and is used to collect data from the sensor integrated unit and transmit it to the central processing unit; The central processing unit is connected to the user interface, the automatic adjustment module and the alarm unit, and is used to process and analyze the sensor data and send instructions to the designated module; The user interface is used to display the construction status in real time; One end of the automatic adjustment unit is connected to the central processing unit, and the other end is connected to the construction equipment, and is used to control the state and working progress of the construction equipment; The wireless communication unit is used for data transmission between devices in the system; The alarm unit is used to monitor abnormal conditions during the construction process and send out alarms to alert construction workers.

[0017] Preferably, the automatic adjustment unit specifically includes the following steps: (1) Data reception and analysis: The wireless communication unit receives data from the sensor integration unit and the data acquisition unit, and the central processing unit performs real-time analysis to evaluate whether the current construction status meets the preset standards. (2) Decision making and sending: The central processing unit makes decisions based on the preset results using the neural network algorithm and fuzzy logic control algorithm, and sends the decisions to the automatic adjustment unit through the wireless communication unit; (3) Parameter adjustment and feedback: After receiving the instructions, the automatic adjustment unit adjusts the operating parameters of the construction equipment and continuously monitors the operating status of the equipment through an adaptive control algorithm to ensure that the construction process is stable in the optimal state.

[0018] In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: 1. The formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column formwork and construction method of the present invention, by using high-ductility concrete to make prefabricated components and cooperating with fastening devices as structural column formwork, can reduce the workload of formwork on the construction site, avoid the complicated installation and disassembly procedures of traditional formwork, simplify the construction procedures, shorten the construction period, and improve construction efficiency.

[0019] 2. The present invention uses high-ductility concrete as a casting material to make structural columns. Based on the mechanical property advantages of high-ductility concrete and its good bonding performance with brick masonry, it solves the problems of poor bonding performance between ordinary concrete and masonry and low seismic resistance, and improves the shear bearing capacity and seismic resistance of the wall. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the formwork for the formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural columns of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fastening device of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first high-ductility concrete precast component of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second high-ductility concrete prefabricated component of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the connection between the structural column and the fastening device of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a top view of the connection between the structural column and the fastening device of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the structural column and the masonry on both sides of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 Flow chart of the construction method of the formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column formwork of the present invention In the figure: 1. first high-ductility concrete precast component; 1-1. first reserved hole; 2. second high-ductility concrete precast component; 2-1. second reserved hole; 3. fastening device; 3-1. first pad; 3-2. second pad; 3-3. fastening bolt; 3-4. tension screw; 3-5. PVC sleeve; 4. masonry on both sides of structural column; 5. precast dowel rod; 6. structural column; 7. junction between structural column and masonry; 8. structural column reinforcement cage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0029] Depend on Figures 1 to 7 As shown, a formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column formwork of the present invention comprises a first high-ductility concrete precast component 1, a second high-ductility concrete precast component 2 and a fastening device; wherein, The first high-ductility precast concrete component 1 and the second high-ductility precast concrete component 2 are respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the structural column 6, the first high-ductility precast concrete component 1 is provided with a first reserved hole 1-1, the second high-ductility precast concrete component 2 is provided with a second reserved hole 2-1, and the thickness of the first high-ductility precast concrete component 1 is greater than the thickness of the second high-ductility precast concrete component 2; The fastening device includes a first pad 3-1, a second pad 3-2, a fastening bolt 3-3, a tension screw 3-4 and a PVC sleeve 3-5. The PVC sleeve 3-5 is connected to the first reserved hole 1-1 and the second reserved hole 2-1 in sequence, and both ends are respectively connected to the first pad 3-1. The tension screw 3-4 passes through the first pad 3-1 and is arranged in the PVC sleeve 3-5. Both ends of the tension screw 3-4 are connected to the fastening bolt 3-3. The second pad 3-2 is arranged between the fastening bolt 3-3 and the first pad 3-1.

[0030] The first high-ductility precast concrete component 1 is made of HDC-1 high-ductility concrete, and two first reserved holes 1-1 are arranged in sequence along the vertical direction. The distance between the two first reserved holes 1-1 is less than or equal to 500mm, and the distance between the first reserved hole 1-1 located at the bottom and the bottom of the first high-ductility precast concrete component 1 is less than or equal to 200mm. The thickness range of the first high-ductility precast concrete component 1 is 40-50mm.

[0031] The second high-ductility precast concrete component 2 is made of HDC-1 high-ductility concrete. Two second reserved holes 2-1 are arranged in sequence along the vertical direction on the second high-ductility precast concrete component 2. The distance between the two second reserved holes 2-1 is less than or equal to 500mm. The distance between the second reserved hole 2-1 located at the bottom and the bottom of the second high-ductility precast concrete component 2 is less than or equal to 200mm. The thickness range of the second high-ductility precast concrete component 2 is 20-30mm.

[0032] It also includes prefabricated dowel bars 5 and a structural column reinforcement cage 8. The structural column reinforcement cage 8 is arranged on the first high-ductility concrete prefabricated component 1, and the prefabricated dowel bars 5 are cooperatively connected with the structural column reinforcement cage 8.

[0033] HDC-1 high ductility concrete is a fiber-reinforced composite material based on the principle of micromechanics design. It is made of cement, quartz sand, etc. as the matrix by adding fiber materials and improving the strength of the substrate. The compressive strength can reach more than 60MPa, and the ultimate tensile strain can reach more than 100 times that of ordinary concrete. It has high ductility, high toughness, high durability, high strength, good crack control ability, and excellent seismic performance.

[0034] Depend on Figure 8 As shown, a formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column construction method is implemented using the above-mentioned formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column template, and specifically includes the following steps: S1. Setting tooth joints: The masonry 4 on both sides of the structural column is normally built. According to the position of the structural column 6, tooth joints are alternately set on both sides of the masonry, and tooth joints are reserved at the junction of the wall, so that the structural column 6 and the wall made later can be tightly connected. The tooth joint is a masonry method for the joints of the brick wall: when the masonry cannot be built at the same time, the tooth joint is generally reserved at the junction to maintain the integrity and stability of the masonry. It is often used in the connection between the structural column and the wall, and refers to the protruding part of the structural column; S2. Adjust the prefabricated dowel bars 5: Use a steel bar wrench to straighten and adjust the prefabricated dowel bars 5 embedded in the masonry 4 on both sides of the structural column, ensure that the prefabricated dowel bars 5 are vertical and maintain a certain spacing, and put stirrups on the prefabricated dowel bars 5 according to the design requirements; S3, installing formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column templates: according to the actual construction height, multiple formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column templates are installed in sequence in the vertical direction, so that the structural column reinforcement cage 8 is tied with the prefabricated dowel bars 5, specifically including the following steps: S3-1, installing the first high-ductility precast concrete component 1 according to the actual size of the structural column 6 to be manufactured, and tying the precast dowel bars 5 to the structural column steel cage 8 on the first high-ductility precast concrete component 1; S3-2, installing a second high-ductility prefabricated concrete component 2 on the other side of the structural column 6; S3-3, insert the PVC sleeve 3-5 through the first reserved hole 1-1 and the second reserved hole 2-1 in sequence, insert the tension screw 3-4 into the PVC sleeve 3-5, ensure that the tension screw 3-4 can penetrate the first high-ductility concrete precast component 1 at both ends, and insert the first pad 3-1, the second pad 3-2 and the fastening bolt 3-3 on both sides of the tension screw 3-4 in sequence, and use an electric wrench to tighten the fastening bolt 3-3 to complete the fixation of the fastening device.

[0035] S4. Casting of high-ductility concrete to form structural column 6: On top of the formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column formwork, use the same high-ductility concrete as the first high-ductility concrete precast component 1 and the second high-ductility concrete precast component 2 as the pouring material to cast into it and form the structural column 6. During the casting process, the high-ductility concrete must be vibrated to make it dense to ensure that the concrete fills every gap. At the junction of the masonry 4 and the structural column 6 on both sides of the structural column, use high-ductility concrete to make a 1-2 cm layer of plaster in the area. Based on the good bonding performance between the high-ductility concrete and the brick masonry, the strength and seismic resistance of the surface of the processing area can be further enhanced.

[0036] S5, removing the fastening device and treating the surface of the structural column 6: after the concrete reaches the solidification standard and strength, the fastening device is removed and the surface of the structural column 6 is treated, which specifically includes the following steps: S5-1. After the concrete reaches the specified construction strength, usually about 24 hours, remove the fastening device: remove the fastening bolt 3-3, the second pad 3-2, the first pad 3-1, the tension screw 3-4 and the PVC sleeve 3-5 in sequence; S5-2, after the PVC sleeves 3-5 in the first reserved hole 1-1 and the second reserved hole 2-1 are chiseled out, the openings of the first reserved hole 1-1 and the second reserved hole 2-1 are polished and smoothed, the openings are moistened with water, and then blocked with high-ductility concrete; S5-3. After the high-ductility concrete has finally set, grind and moisten the excess high-ductility concrete at the opening to make it smooth and moist, which will help the newly poured concrete to better combine with the original structure. Rub the surface of the opening with dry cement until the color of the high-ductility concrete at the opening is consistent with that of the structural column 6 to ensure a beautiful surface.

[0037] An intelligent monitoring and adjustment system is also provided, which includes a sensor integration unit, a data acquisition unit, a central processing unit, a user interface, an automatic adjustment unit, a wireless communication unit and an alarm unit, wherein the sensor integration unit is arranged on the structural column 6 and the masonry 4 on both sides of the structural column, and is connected to the data acquisition unit, and the sensor integration unit includes a strain sensor, a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor. The strain sensor is arranged at a key position of the structural column 6, such as the top, middle or bottom, for monitoring the stress condition of the structural column 6; the displacement sensor is arranged at the top and bottom of the structural column 6 for monitoring the vertical displacement of the structural column 6; the pressure sensor is arranged at the position where the concrete contacts the formwork for monitoring the pressure of the concrete; the temperature sensor is installed inside and on the surface of the concrete for monitoring the curing temperature of the concrete.

[0038] The data acquisition unit is installed near the sensor integration unit and connected to the central processing unit to collect data from the sensor integration unit and transmit it to the central processing unit. The central processing unit is connected to the user interface, automatic adjustment module and alarm unit. The central processing unit is the control center or cloud server at the construction site, which is used to process and analyze sensor data and send instructions to the designated module.

[0039] The user interface is a display screen located in the control room of the construction site, which is used to display the construction status in real time.

[0040] One end of the automatic adjustment unit is connected to the central processing unit, and the other end is connected to the construction equipment, which includes a concrete pouring machine and maintenance equipment. The automatic adjustment unit is used to control the state and working progress of the construction equipment. The automatic adjustment unit specifically includes the following steps: (1) Data reception and analysis: The wireless communication unit receives data from the sensor integration unit and the data acquisition unit, and the central processing unit performs real-time analysis to evaluate whether the current construction status meets the preset standards. (2) Decision making and sending: The central processing unit makes decisions based on the preset results using the neural network algorithm and fuzzy logic control algorithm, and sends the decisions to the automatic adjustment unit through the wireless communication unit; (3) Parameter adjustment and feedback: After receiving instructions, the automatic adjustment unit adjusts the operating parameters of the construction equipment, such as concrete pouring speed and curing temperature, and continuously monitors the equipment operating status through an adaptive control algorithm to ensure that the construction process is stable in the optimal state.

[0041] The wireless communication unit is used for data transmission between devices in the system to ensure flexibility and real-time performance.

[0042] The alarm unit is used to monitor abnormal conditions during the construction process and send out alarms to alert construction workers.

[0043] The intelligent monitoring and adjustment system can ensure the quality and safety during the construction of high-ductility concrete structural columns, improve construction efficiency and intelligence level, and save labor costs.

[0044] The present invention discloses a formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column template and construction method. Prefabricated components are made of high-ductility concrete and used as structural column templates in combination with fastening devices. The prefabricated components are both templates and parts of structural columns. The problems of traditional construction methods in which the amount of structural column engineering is small but the formwork consumes a lot of materials and labor, the workload of formwork on the construction site is reduced, the complicated installation and disassembly procedures of traditional formwork are avoided, and the construction efficiency is improved. At the same time, high-ductility concrete is used as a pouring material to make structural columns, the shear bearing capacity of the wall is improved, brittle failure is avoided, and the seismic performance of the brick masonry wall is improved.

[0045] It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column formwork, characterized in that: It comprises a first high-ductility prefabricated concrete component (1), a second high-ductility prefabricated concrete component (2) and a fastening device; wherein: The first high-ductility precast concrete component (1) and the second high-ductility precast concrete component (2) are respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the structural column (6); the first high-ductility precast concrete component (1) is provided with a first reserved hole (1-1), and the second high-ductility precast concrete component (2) is provided with a second reserved hole (2-1); The fastening device comprises a first pad (3-1), a second pad (3-2), a fastening bolt (3-3), a tension screw (3-4) and a PVC sleeve (3-5); the PVC sleeve (3-5) is connected to the first reserved hole (1-1) and the second reserved hole (2-1) in sequence, and the two ends are respectively connected to the first pad (3-1); the tension screw (3-4) passes through the first pad (3-1) and is arranged in the PVC sleeve (3-5); the two ends of the tension screw (3-4) are connected to the fastening bolt (3-3); and the second pad (3-2) is arranged between the fastening bolt (3-3) and the first pad (3-1).

2. The formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first high-ductility concrete precast component (1) is provided with two first reserved holes (1-1) in sequence along the vertical direction, the distance between the two first reserved holes (1-1) is less than or equal to 500 mm, and the distance between the first reserved hole (1-1) located at the bottom and the bottom of the first high-ductility concrete precast component (1) is less than or equal to 200 mm; the second high-ductility concrete precast component (2) is provided with two second reserved holes (2-1) in sequence along the vertical direction, the distance between the two second reserved holes (2-1) is less than or equal to 500 mm, and the distance between the second reserved hole (2-1) located at the bottom and the bottom of the second high-ductility concrete precast component (2) is less than or equal to 200 mm.

3. The formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column formwork according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thickness of the first high-ductility precast concrete component (1) is greater than the thickness of the second high-ductility precast concrete component (2), and the first high-ductility precast concrete component (1) and the second high-ductility precast concrete component (2) are both made of HDC-1 high-ductility concrete.

4. The formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column formwork according to claim 3, characterized in that: The thickness of the first high-ductility prefabricated concrete component (1) is in the range of 40-50 mm, and the thickness of the second high-ductility prefabricated concrete component (2) is in the range of 20-30 mm.

5. A formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column formwork according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: It also comprises prefabricated dowel bars (5) and a structural column reinforcement cage (8), wherein the structural column reinforcement cage (8) is arranged on the first high-ductility concrete prefabricated component (1), and the prefabricated dowel bars (5) are cooperatively connected to the structural column reinforcement cage (8).

6. A method for constructing a formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column, which is implemented by using the formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column template according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Setting tooth-shaped grooves: The masonry (4) on both sides of the structural column is built normally, and tooth-shaped grooves are left at the junction of the wall so that the structural column (6) and the wall that will be made later can be tightly connected; S2. Adjust the prefabricated dowel bars (5): use a steel bar wrench to straighten and adjust the prefabricated dowel bars (5) embedded in the masonry (4) on both sides of the structural column, and put stirrups on the prefabricated dowel bars (5) according to the design requirements; S3, installing formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column templates: according to the actual construction height, sequentially installing a plurality of formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column templates in the vertical direction, so that the structural column reinforcement cage (8) is tied to the prefabricated dowel bars (5); S4, pouring high-ductility concrete to form a structural column (6): using the same high-ductility concrete as the first high-ductility concrete prefabricated component (1) and the second high-ductility concrete prefabricated component (2) as a pouring material at the top of the formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column formwork to pour into the structure column (6); S5. Removing the fastening device and treating the surface of the structural column (6): After the concrete reaches the solidification standard, the fastening device is removed and the surface of the structural column (6) is treated.

7. A formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The S3 specifically includes the following steps: S3-1, installing the first high-ductility concrete prefabricated component (1) according to the actual size of the structural column (6) to be manufactured, and tying the prefabricated dowel bars (5) to the structural column steel cage (8) on the first high-ductility concrete prefabricated component (1); S3-2, installing a second high-ductility prefabricated concrete component (2) on the other side of the structural column (6); S3-3, insert the PVC sleeve (3-5) through the first reserved hole (1-1) and the second reserved hole (2-1) in sequence, insert the tension screw (3-4) into the PVC sleeve (3-5), and insert the first pad (3-1), the second pad (3-2) and the fastening bolt (3-3) on both sides of the tension screw (3-4) in sequence, and tighten the fastening bolt (3-3) to complete the fixing of the fastening device.

8. The method for constructing a formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column according to claim 6, characterized in that: The S5 specifically includes the following steps: S5-1. After the concrete reaches the specified construction strength, remove the fastening device: remove the fastening bolts (3-3), the second pad (3-2), the first pad (3-1), the tension screw (3-4) and the PVC sleeve (3-5) in sequence; S5-2, after the PVC sleeves (3-5) in the first reserved hole (1-1) and the second reserved hole (2-1) are chiseled out, the openings of the first reserved hole (1-1) and the second reserved hole (2-1) are polished and smoothed, the openings are moistened with water, and the openings are blocked with high-ductility concrete; S5-3. After the high-ductility concrete has finally set, grind the excess high-ductility concrete at the opening to make it smooth and moist, and rub the surface of the opening with dry cement until the color of the high-ductility concrete at the opening is consistent with that of the structural column (6).

9. A method for constructing formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural columns according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that: An intelligent monitoring and adjustment system is also provided, which includes a sensor integration unit, a data acquisition unit, a central processing unit, a user interface, an automatic adjustment unit, a wireless communication unit and an alarm unit, wherein: The sensor integration unit is arranged on the structural column (6) and the masonry (4) on both sides of the structural column, and is connected to the data acquisition unit, wherein the sensor integration unit comprises a strain sensor, a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor; The data acquisition unit is connected to the central processing unit and is used to collect data from the sensor integrated unit and transmit it to the central processing unit; The central processing unit is connected to the user interface, the automatic adjustment module and the alarm unit, and is used to process and analyze the sensor data and send instructions to the designated module; The user interface is used to display the construction status in real time; One end of the automatic adjustment unit is connected to the central processing unit, and the other end is connected to the construction equipment, and is used to control the state and working progress of the construction equipment; The wireless communication unit is used for data transmission between devices in the system; The alarm unit is used to monitor abnormal conditions during the construction process and send out alarms to alert construction workers.

10. A formwork-free high-ductility concrete structural column construction method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The automatic adjustment unit specifically comprises the following steps: (1) Data reception and analysis: The wireless communication unit receives data from the sensor integration unit and the data acquisition unit, and the central processing unit performs real-time analysis to evaluate whether the current construction status meets the preset standards. (2) Decision making and sending: The central processing unit makes decisions based on the preset results using the neural network algorithm and fuzzy logic control algorithm, and sends the decisions to the automatic adjustment unit through the wireless communication unit; (3) Parameter adjustment and feedback: After receiving the instructions, the automatic adjustment unit adjusts the operating parameters of the construction equipment and continuously monitors the operating status of the equipment through an adaptive control algorithm to ensure that the construction process is stable in the optimal state.

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