Fine control device for simulating three-dimensional soil deformation of subsidence basin in coal mining subsidence area

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of simulation test devices, and particularly relates to a fine control device for simulating three-dimensional soil deformation of a subsidence basin in a coal mining subsidence area. A fine control device for simulating three-dimensional soil deformation of a subsidence basin in a coal mining subsidence area comprises an experimental box, a stress applying device and a control system, the experimental box is filled with soil, the control system controls the stress applying device to apply stress to the soil in the experimental box, and experimental data of the soil in the experimental box are monitored and recorded in real time. A plurality of mutually connected movable bottom plates are arranged in the middle of the stress applying device, a rotary movable part is connected to the lower part of each movable bottom plate, and stress is applied to the soil body in the experiment box body by adjusting the rotation angle of each movable bottom plate; the control system comprises an industrial control cabinet, an industrial control computer and control software. According to the invention, high-precision simulation of three-dimensional soil settlement deformation is realized through a multi-degree-of-freedom execution element and an accurate data feedback control system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of simulation test devices, in particular to a fine control device for simulating three-dimensional soil deformation in a sinking basin in a coal mining subsidence area. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous exploitation of coal resources, the problem of coal mining subsidence has become increasingly prominent. During the coal mining process, the supporting function of the stratum is destroyed, resulting in settlement and deformation of the underground soil and the surface. This settlement and deformation not only damages buried pipelines, surface buildings and infrastructure, but may also cause geological disasters and pose a major threat to the environment and safety. Therefore, studying the deformation characteristics of soil in coal mining subsidence areas has important scientific significance and engineering value.

[0003] At present, there are many methods for simulating and studying soil deformation caused by coal mining subsidence. However, most traditional methods focus on the research on two-dimensional planes, which is difficult to fully reflect the three-dimensional deformation characteristics in actual engineering. At the same time, the existing three-dimensional simulation devices also have many deficiencies in accuracy and control, and it is difficult to meet the needs of high-precision experimental research. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an experimental device that can finely control and simulate three-dimensional soil deformation in order to more accurately study the impact of coal mining subsidence on surface and underground structures. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and to provide a fine control device for simulating the three-dimensional soil deformation in the sinking basin of a coal mining subsidence area. Through multi-degree-of-freedom actuators and precise data feedback control systems, high-precision simulation of the three-dimensional soil settlement deformation is achieved, which is helpful for in-depth research on the interaction between soil and structure in the process of coal mining subsidence, and provides a scientific basis for related engineering design and disaster prevention and mitigation.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a fine control device for simulating the three-dimensional soil deformation of a sinking basin in a coal mining subsidence area, comprising an experimental box, a stress applying device and a control system. The stress applying device is located below the experimental box, and the control system controls the stress applying device to apply stress to the soil in the experimental box, and monitors and records the experimental data of the soil in the experimental box in real time.

[0006] Among them, the first part of the experimental box includes four sides, front, back, left and right, and each side is connected vertically and horizontally by vertical columns and horizontal bars. A panel is arranged between the interconnected columns and bars, and the experimental box is filled with soil.

[0007] Preferably, the enclosure is made of a transparent material, such as transparent acrylic. The crossbar is made of a channel steel beam, and the column is made of an I-beam, and the enclosure is clamped and connected through the slide grooves of the crossbar and the column.

[0008] Preferably, a diagonal brace is provided on the column, which is connected to the ground by tilting downward from the column. The diagonal brace is made of I-beam, and the column is connected to the diagonal brace by welding.

[0009] There are square holes on the webs of the columns, and each crossbar passes through the square holes of the webs of the columns, and then is welded around the box. The crossbars, columns and diagonal braces are used to prevent the enclosure from tipping outward due to excessive lateral pressure on the soil.

[0010] The second part of the stress applying device includes a fixed bottom plate, a movable bottom plate and a rotating movable part. The fixed bottom plate is arranged at the lower part of the enclosure of the experimental box, and the four sides of the fixed bottom plate are respectively connected to the four sides of the experimental box; a plurality of mutually connected movable bottom plates are arranged in the middle of the fixed bottom plate, and the adjacent movable bottom plates are connected by springs. A rotating movable part is connected under each movable bottom plate, and the stress applying device applies stress to the soil in the experimental box by adjusting the rotation angle of each movable bottom plate.

[0011] Preferably, the movable bottom plate is a regular hexagonal structure, and a plurality of movable bottom plates are arranged in a honeycomb shape, which has more degrees of freedom in different directions compared to linear rectangular and square bottom plates.

[0012] Preferably, each movable bottom plate has a hole in the side wall, and adjacent movable bottom plates are connected by U-shaped wire springs, which provide additional elastic support and adjustment capabilities while controlling the settlement of the movable bottom plates. The deflection angle of the movable bottom plates can also be adjusted by the springs to achieve the tilt of the movable bottom plates within a certain range, so that the movable bottom plates can better fit the three-dimensional settlement deformation curve.

[0013] More preferably, the distance between adjacent movable bottom plates is greater than the thickness of the movable bottom plates, so as to prevent the two movable bottom plates from getting stuck and being unable to move further due to different deflection angles and misalignment of the movable bottom plates.

[0014] Preferably, the rotating movable part includes a servo controller, the top of the servo controller is connected to a universal ball joint through a fixed flange, and the universal ball joint is connected to the bottom of the movable bottom plate. The top of the servo controller adopts a multi-degree-of-freedom actuator universal ball joint, which can realize the deflection of each regular hexagonal movable bottom plate in multiple directions and specific angles, so that the overall regular hexagonal movable bottom plate fits the actual settlement and displacement of the three-dimensional sinking basin.

[0015] The control system of the third part includes an industrial control cabinet, an industrial control computer and control software. The industrial control computer runs the control software. The rotating movable parts at the bottom of the movable base plate are electrically connected to the components in the industrial control cabinet. The industrial control cabinet is electrically connected to the industrial control computer. The components in the industrial control cabinet receive instructions from the industrial control computer and control the activities of the rotating movable parts of the movable base plate according to the instructions. The control software adjusts the working parameters of the stress applying device according to real-time data, and displays and records the experimental data of the soil in the experimental box in real time.

[0016] The control system adjusts the working parameters of the deformation application device according to the real-time data to achieve fine control of soil deformation. The control software supports multiple control modes, including displacement control, force control and strain control, to meet different experimental requirements, and displays the displacement value, contour line and soil pressure of the bottom soil in real time. The control software can also display and record experimental data in real time, and automatically generate tables and graphs. The industrial control cabinet is installed on one side of the experimental box, providing power and signal interfaces, and is electrically connected to the servo controller and industrial computer.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The control system can more accurately simulate soil deformation in three-dimensional space and better reflect actual working conditions than two-dimensional systems. The accuracy of the servo controller reaches 0.01mm, and the simulation accuracy is higher. Through the servo controller and digital control system, the lifting and rotation of the movable base plate can be finely controlled to accurately simulate the actual settlement of the three-dimensional stratum soil.

[0018] 2. The regular hexagonal movable bottom plate and spring design enable the system to flexibly adapt to different settlement curves and deformation requirements. The seamless connection between the movable bottom plates and the flexible material covering on the movable bottom plates avoid sudden changes in soil deformation, improve the authenticity and accuracy of the simulation, and have good integrity and continuity.

[0019] 3. The system adopts modular design, which is easy to assemble and disassemble, reducing the experimental cost and operation difficulty. The overall structure is composed of assembled components, and some structures are made of steel. The design is simple and improves assembly efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Side view of Figure 3 for Figure 1 Bottom view of Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the servo controller and the movable base plate in the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the spring and the movable bottom plate in the present invention; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the dimensions of the movable base plate.

[0021] Figure numerals: 1. enclosure; 2. column; 3. cross bar; 4. diagonal brace; 5. servo controller; 6. movable base plate; 7. fixed base plate; 8. industrial control cabinet; 9. spring; 10. fixed flange; 11. universal ball joint; 12. industrial computer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the structure of the present invention.

[0023] Embodiment 1: Figure 1-3 As shown, a fine control device for simulating the three-dimensional soil deformation of a sinking basin in a coal mining subsidence area includes three parts: an experimental box, a stress applying device and a control system. The stress applying device is located below the experimental box. The control system controls the stress applying device to apply stress to the soil in the experimental box, and monitors and records the experimental data of the soil in the experimental box in real time.

[0024] Among them, the first part of the experimental box includes four sides, front, back, left and right, and each side is connected vertically and horizontally by vertical columns 2 and horizontal cross bars 3. A panel 1 is arranged between the interconnected columns 2 and cross bars 3, and the experimental box is filled with soil.

[0025] The enclosure 1 is made of transparent material, such as transparent acrylic. The crossbar 3 is a channel steel beam, and the column 2 is an I-beam. The enclosure 1 is clamped and connected through the crossbar 3 and the slide groove of the column 2. The column 2 is also provided with a diagonal brace 4 that is inclined downward from the column 2 and connected to the ground. The diagonal brace 4 is made of I-beam, and the column 2 is connected to the diagonal brace 4 by welding.

[0026] A square hole is opened on the web of the column 2, and each cross bar 3 passes through the square hole of the web of the column 2 and then surrounds the box body by welding. The cross bar 3, the column 2 and the diagonal brace 4 are used to prevent the enclosure 1 from tipping outward due to excessive lateral pressure of the soil.

[0027] In order to facilitate filling soil into the experimental box, a climbing frame can be provided on one side outside the experimental box.

[0028] The stress applying device comprises a fixed bottom plate 7, a movable bottom plate 6 and a rotating movable part. The fixed bottom plate 7 is arranged at the lower part of the enclosure 1 of the experimental box, and the four sides of the fixed bottom plate 7 are respectively connected to the four sides of the experimental box; a plurality of mutually connected movable bottom plates 6 are arranged in the middle of the fixed bottom plate 7, and the adjacent movable bottom plates 6 are connected by springs 9, and a rotating movable part is connected under each movable bottom plate 6. The stress applying device applies stress to the soil in the experimental box by adjusting the rotation angle of each movable bottom plate 6.

[0029] The fixed bottom plate 7 is lifted to a certain height by a crane or a suspension crane, and a plurality of piers are placed under the fixed bottom plate 7 to fix it at a specific height. The movable bottom plate 6 is lifted to the same height by the servo controller 5, and then the servo controller 5 is controlled to rise and fall by the control system, thereby simulating the three-dimensional surface subsidence caused by coal mining subsidence.

[0030] The movable bottom plate 6 is a regular hexagonal structure, and a plurality of movable bottom plates 6 are arranged in a honeycomb shape, which can realize deformation simulation with three degrees of freedom in three directions. Compared with the traditional two-dimensional simulation method, it can better reflect the three-dimensional surface deformation characteristics in actual coal mining projects. The universal ball joint 11 at the bottom of the movable bottom plate 6 can control the swing in the front and rear and left and right directions, thereby realizing multi-degree-of-freedom directional rotation.

[0031] The side wall of each movable bottom plate 6 is opened, and adjacent movable bottom plates 6 are connected by U-shaped wire springs, which provide additional elastic support and adjustment capabilities while controlling the settlement of the movable bottom plate 6. The deflection angle of the movable bottom plate 6 can also be adjusted by the spring 9 to achieve the inclination of the bottom plate within a certain range, so that the bottom plate can better fit the three-dimensional settlement deformation curve. The distance between adjacent movable bottom plates 6 is greater than the thickness of the movable bottom plates 6, which can prevent the two bottom plates from being stuck and unable to move further due to different deflection angles and misalignment of the bottom plates.

[0032] like Figure 6 As shown, the movable bottom plate 6 is spliced ​​and designed according to the actual size of the three-dimensional sinking basin, and the movable bottom plate 6 can seamlessly cover the entire simulation area to form a continuous and stable settlement area. The regular hexagonal geometry ensures that the bottom plates can be tightly combined without obvious gaps, thereby providing a uniform force-bearing surface to prevent the soil from sliding or deforming suddenly due to the gap between the bottom plates. Part of the outermost bottom plate is cut off to fit the three-dimensional sinking basin more perfectly, and a certain area of ​​non-sinking area is left.

[0033] like Figure 3-4 As shown, the rotating movable part includes a servo controller 5, the top of the servo controller 5 is connected to a universal ball joint 11 through a fixed flange 10, and the universal ball joint 11 is connected to the bottom of the movable bottom plate 6. The top of the servo controller 5 adopts a multi-degree-of-freedom actuator universal ball joint 11, which can realize the deflection of each regular hexagonal movable bottom plate 6 in multiple directions and specific angles, so that the overall regular hexagonal movable bottom plate 6 fits the actual settlement and displacement of the three-dimensional sinking basin.

[0034] like Figure 5 As shown, a modular design is adopted, the movable base plate 6 and the spring 9 are connected by bolts, and the movable base plate 6 and the servo controller 5 are connected by bolts, which is convenient for quick disassembly and assembly, increases the flexibility and applicability of the experimental device, and the size and shape of the base plate can be adjusted according to the experimental requirements.

[0035] The servo controller 5 is used to accurately control the soil displacement at the bottom of the model, and achieves high precision and coordination of three-dimensional soil deformation through a specific form of manipulation. The effective output force of the servo controller 5 is not less than 10KN, the rated speed is 20m / s, the control accuracy is 0.01mm, and it has an anti-rotation mechanism and a brake function inside, which can maintain pressure and a specific displacement state for a long time.

[0036] The servo controller 5 is connected to the movable bottom plate 6 through a fixing flange 10 and fixed by bolts. This design is convenient for disassembly and quick assembly, and the size of the movable bottom plate 6 and the servo controller 5 can be adjusted according to the requirements of the experiment.

[0037] The control system includes an industrial control cabinet 8, an industrial control computer 12 and control software. The industrial control computer 12 runs the control software. The rotating movable parts at the bottom of the movable base plate 6 are electrically connected to the components in the industrial control cabinet 8; the industrial control cabinet 8 is electrically connected to the industrial control computer 12, and the components in the industrial control cabinet 8 receive instructions from the industrial control computer 12, and control the activities of the rotating movable parts of the movable base plate 6 according to the instructions; the control software adjusts the working parameters of the stress applying device according to real-time data, and displays and records the experimental data of the soil in the experimental box in real time.

[0038] The control system adjusts the working parameters of the deformation applying device according to the real-time data to achieve fine control of soil deformation. The control software supports multiple control modes, including displacement control, force control and strain control, to meet different experimental requirements, and displays the displacement value, contour line and soil pressure of the bottom soil in real time. The control software can also display and record experimental data in real time, and automatically generate tables and graphs. The industrial control cabinet 8 is installed on one side of the experimental box, provides power and signal interfaces, and is electrically connected to the servo controller 5 and the industrial control computer 12.

[0039] The control system can monitor soil deformation in real time, display the displacement value, contour line and soil pressure of the bottom soil, and dynamically adjust the working parameters of the deformation application device according to the real-time monitoring data to ensure the accuracy of the simulation results. The software system supports multiple control modes, including displacement control, force control and strain control, which can meet different experimental needs, and can display and record experimental data in real time, automatically generate tables and graphs, and facilitate later test data analysis.

[0040] The specific installation and implementation steps of the device described in the present invention are as follows: 1. Install the external support device. First, use bolts to fix the base to the ground. On the basis of the base, install multiple vertical piers supporting the fixed plate and the horizontal support plate supporting the movable plate by bolts to enhance the stability and load-bearing capacity of the platform. After installing the external steel structure skeleton, install the climbing frame for auxiliary filling to facilitate filling and operators to enter the experimental box for operation and maintenance.

[0041] 2. Install the experimental box part, fix the enclosure 1 on the column 2, and use the crossbar 3 and the diagonal brace 4 for welding reinforcement to ensure the stability of the entire frame structure. Open a 50mm diameter round hole on the enclosure 1 to facilitate the subsequent burial of PVC pipes and carry out pipe-soil interaction tests in coal mining subsidence areas.

[0042] 3. Install the stress application device, install the servo controller 5 on the bottom of the device through the fixed flange 10, and connect it to the industrial control cabinet 8 of the three-dimensional soil settlement deformation control system through cables to ensure the transmission of control signals. Then fix the movable bottom plate 6 to the servo controller 5 through the universal ball joint 11 and bolts. The specific operation is: first, fix the fixed flange 10 to the top of the servo controller 5, and then connect the fixed flange 10 to the universal ball joint 11 through bolts. Finally, fix the top of the universal ball joint 11 and the movable bottom plate 6 to ensure that the movable bottom plate can swing at a specific angle to achieve overall deflection.

[0043] 4. The fixed bottom plate 7 is fixed to the surrounding columns 2 and cross bars 3 through the slide grooves, and the movable bottom plates 6 are connected by springs 9 to ensure that the spacing between the movable bottom plates 6 is greater than the thickness of the bottom plates to prevent the two bottom plates from getting stuck and unable to move further due to different deflection angles and misalignment of the bottom plates.

[0044] 5. After installing the servo controller 5, lift the fixed bottom plate 7 to the initial position by crane or suspension crane, and then place multiple pier support columns at the bottom to fix it and prevent it from moving up and down. After the movable bottom plate 6 is lifted to the same initial position by the servo controller 5, fill the test box with soil and conduct preliminary stroke and force output tests. The servo controller 5 controls the rise and fall of each movable bottom plate 6 according to the three-dimensional soil settlement control curve input by the control system, and finally simulates the three-dimensional surface deformation of the preset sinking basin.

[0045] 6. The displacement and force loading parameters of the servo controller 5 are adjusted by the control system to simulate the three-dimensional deformation of the soil during the actual settlement process. The control system has high-precision displacement and force control capabilities and can respond to soil deformation in real time. The control software is used to monitor the soil deformation in real time, display the displacement value, contour line and soil pressure of the bottom soil, and dynamically adjust the working parameters of the deformation application device according to the real-time monitoring data.

[0046] Obviously, in order to prevent the soil filled in the test box from leaking out from the gap of the movable bottom plate 6, a layer of flexible plastic cloth can be laid on the bottom of the test box.

[0047] Obviously, a number of parameter monitoring devices, such as sensors, should be installed inside the experimental box to monitor various parameters of the soil and transmit them back to the control system to facilitate analysis and adjustment by the control system.

[0048] like Figure 6 As shown, the movable bottom plate 6 is arranged in a honeycomb shape, the diagonal distance and the opposite side distance of the movable bottom plate 6 are both 440 mm, the bottom plate thickness is 25 mm, the bottom plate gap is 30 mm, and the spacing between the movable bottom plates 6 is greater than the thickness of the bottom plate to prevent the two bottom plates from getting stuck and unable to move further due to different deflection angles and misalignment of the bottom plates.

[0049] Generally, we design the test box to be 4m (length) × 2m (width) × 1.5m (height), with the internal soil weighing 20 tons and the middle soil settlement area being 3m (length) × 1m (width). A 0.5m non-sinking area is left on each side of the length direction of the box, and a 0.25m non-sinking area is left on each side of the width direction of the box.

[0050] The servo controller 5 has an effective stroke greater than 300 mm, an output force greater than 10 KN, a rated speed greater than 20 m / s, and a control accuracy of 0.01 mm.

[0051] The three-dimensional soil settlement control curve preferably selects the three-dimensional trigonometric function curve and the three-dimensional probability integral curve as the three-dimensional soil deformation curve of the sinking basin.

[0052] The movable bottom plate 6 is made of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy or polycarbonate (PC) engineering plastic material to ensure that it has sufficient strength and durability. A sufficient number of fixed bottom plates 7 are reserved around the movable bottom plate 6 as a non-goaf area to prevent the edge effect generated during the experiment from affecting the experimental results.

[0053] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fine control device for simulating the three-dimensional soil deformation of a subsidence basin in a coal mining subsidence area, characterized in that: It includes an experimental box, a stress applying device and a control system. The stress applying device is located below the experimental box. The control system controls the stress applying device to apply stress to the soil in the experimental box, and monitors and records the experimental data of the soil in the experimental box in real time. The experimental box includes four sides, front, back, left and right, and each side is formed by vertical columns and horizontal bars connected vertically and horizontally, and a panel is arranged between the interconnected columns and bars, and the experimental box is filled with soil; The stress applying device comprises a fixed bottom plate, which is arranged at the lower part of the enclosure of the experimental box, and the four sides of the fixed bottom plate are respectively connected to the four sides of the experimental box; a plurality of mutually connected movable bottom plates are arranged in the middle of the fixed bottom plate, the movable bottom plates are connected by springs, and a rotating movable part is connected under each movable bottom plate, and the stress applying device applies stress to the soil in the experimental box by adjusting the rotation angle of each movable bottom plate; The control system includes an industrial control cabinet, an industrial control computer and control software. The industrial control computer runs the control software. The rotating movable parts at the bottom of the movable base plate are electrically connected to the components in the industrial control cabinet. The industrial control cabinet is electrically connected to the industrial control computer. The components in the industrial control cabinet receive instructions from the industrial control computer and control the activities of the rotating movable parts of the movable base plate according to the instructions. The control software adjusts the working parameters of the stress applying device according to real-time data, and displays and records the experimental data of the soil in the experimental box in real time.

2. According to claim 1, a fine control device for simulating three-dimensional soil deformation in a subsidence basin in a coal mining subsidence area is characterized by: The columns are also provided with diagonal braces which are inclined downward from the columns and connected to the ground.

3. The precise control device for simulating three-dimensional soil deformation in a subsidence basin in a coal mining subsidence area according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The crossbar is made of channel steel beams, the columns are made of I-beams, and the enclosure is clamped and connected through the sliding grooves of the crossbar and the columns.

4. The precise control device for simulating three-dimensional soil deformation in a subsidence basin in a coal mining subsidence area according to claim 1 is characterized by: The movable bottom plate is a regular hexagonal structure, and a plurality of movable bottom plates are arranged in a honeycomb shape.

5. The precise control device for simulating three-dimensional soil deformation in a subsidence basin in a coal mining subsidence area according to claim 4 is characterized by: The side wall of each movable bottom plate is opened, and the springs between adjacent movable bottom plates adopt U-shaped wire springs.

6. The precise control device for simulating three-dimensional soil deformation in a subsidence basin in a coal mining subsidence area according to claim 1 is characterized by: The rotating movable part comprises a servo controller, the top of the servo controller is connected to a universal ball joint via a fixed flange, and the universal ball joint is connected to the bottom of the movable bottom plate.

7. The precise control device for simulating three-dimensional soil deformation in a subsidence basin in a coal mining subsidence area according to claim 1 is characterized by: The industrial control cabinet is installed on one side of the experimental box, providing power supply and signal interface, and the industrial control cabinet is electrically connected to the servo controller and the industrial control computer.

8. The precise control device for simulating three-dimensional soil deformation in a subsidence basin in a coal mining subsidence area according to claim 5 is characterized by: The distance between adjacent movable bottom plates is greater than the thickness of the movable bottom plates.

9. The precise control device for simulating three-dimensional soil deformation in a subsidence basin in a coal mining subsidence area according to claim 1 is characterized by: The enclosure is made of transparent material.

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