Simulation device and method for inducing in-hole three-dimensional explosion load based on water entry slamming

Abstract

The invention provides a simulation device and method for inducing a three-dimensional explosion load in a hole based on water entry slamming, the simulation device comprises a prefabricated rock sample, a falling channel and a slamming block, the prefabricated rock sample is provided with a slamming hole, the slamming hole is vertically arranged and has a certain depth, the slamming hole is internally provided with liquid, the falling channel is vertically arranged and is arranged above the slamming hole, and the slamming block is arranged above the falling channel. A certain distance is formed between the bottom of the falling channel and the top of the slamming hole, the slamming block vertically falls into the slamming hole through the falling channel, the slamming block is aligned with the center of the slamming hole, and the slamming block does not make contact with the hole wall of the slamming hole. The slamming block falls into the slamming hole of the prefabricated rock sample through the falling channel, when a pressure load acting in a triangle-like mode is excited on the surface of liquid, pressure waves are transmitted downwards through the interior of the liquid and continuously spread in the radial direction of the hole, the prefabricated rock sample is cracked and damaged, the liquid is pressed into existing cracks, a certain fluid wedging rock breaking effect is generated, and rock breaking is achieved. Similarly, the wedge-in rock breaking effect of detonation gas in explosive explosion is equivalently realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of rock engineering blasting loading experimental simulation, and in particular relates to a simulation device and method for simulating three-dimensional explosion load in a hole based on water entry slamming. Background Art

[0002] As the main construction method for geotechnical engineering excavation and construction, the near-field blasting rock-breaking process and cracking mechanism of drilling and blasting method have always been an important basis for rock excavation, crushing and forming control. For example, the formation of surrounding rock blasting damage, the distribution of rock fragmentation, and the flatness of contour forming all rely on the clear revelation of the near-field cracking evolution law and rock-breaking mechanism of the blasthole. At present, the more mature blasting rock-breaking theories include the stress wave action theory, the blasting gas pressure action theory, and the theory of the combined action of the two. Among them, the theory of the combined action of the explosion stress wave and the blasting gas has been widely recognized because it can better explain the blasting rock-breaking process and rock-breaking zoning. This theory believes that the explosion shock wave induced by conventional blasting propagates outward from the explosion center, and the pressure peak can reach tens of megapascals or several thousand megapascals within a period of tens of microseconds to tens of milliseconds, and then continue to decay. The overall characteristics are high load peak, short duration, and fast decay rate. At the same time, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas detonated in the hole will also expand and wedge into the rock, further promoting rock cracking.

[0003] From the perspective of the actual impact range, the impact of explosion shock waves and explosion gas pressure on far-zone damage is limited, and the main impact is concentrated in the near-bore area. However, due to the high-risk characteristics of strong electromagnetic radiation, shock waves, and high-temperature gases generated by the explosion of explosives themselves, indoor experimental research on the near-zone of explosive detonation is subject to obvious safety constraints; at the same time, explosive blasting will also cause interference phenomena such as fire and smoke, resulting in poor visibility of experimental near-field images, large data discreteness, poor repeatability, and low controllability and reliability. In addition, factors such as large single-shot explosive usage, long cycles, and high organizational difficulty also limit the way to study the near-zone damage mechanism of explosions through a large number of on-site actual explosion experiments. Therefore, the development of a more effective, reliable, controllable, and safe near-zone explosion load test simulation technology has become a key technical problem in solving the research on the near-zone damage mechanism and effects of explosions.

[0004] Many scholars have conducted exploratory research on experimental simulation technology for the impact damage effect of explosion-prone media, involving impact, Hopkinson bar experiments, and the development of hydraulic servo drive instruments. To a certain extent, the excitation and loading of local rapid pressure loads have been achieved, but there are certain differences in applicability and simulation effects. Among them, the impact type is self-made and easy to use, and can better achieve local low-speed impact loading, but due to its limitations in mass, effective drop height, guide rail friction, etc., it is difficult to achieve effective simulation of higher impact energy and large-scale continuous distributed loads. The Hopkinson bar system has research advantages in the analysis of material crushing characteristics under high strain rate conditions, and the incident waveform has good controllability, which can achieve experimental simulation of larger impact energy, but it is limited in specimen size, type, and working space. The hydraulic / pneumatic explosion simulator can improve the impact test accuracy through the MTS system, and use multiple sets of drivers in parallel to achieve large-scale continuous distribution of quasi-explosion load loading, with high upper limits on impact energy and loading speed, and no size restrictions. In addition to this type of non-explosion method, other researchers have proposed methods such as inducing plane stress waves through mixed gas explosions and improving the propagation form of stress waves with the help of water bodies, which have also achieved equivalent simulation of blasting disturbances and improved optimization of loading effects. Overall, they still focus on the research on the damage effects and safety protection of a certain side boundary surface of a building material or structure when it is subjected to impact loads.

[0005] From the above, it can be seen that the above simulation method has been widely used and studied in rock materials or model tests. It is mainly loaded in the form of plane stress waves and is limited to the study of scaled models and material properties. It is difficult to effectively characterize the cracking and fragmentation characteristics of the surrounding rock medium in the vicinity induced by the detonation of explosives in the hole of rock engineering drilling and blasting. In particular, the arc-shaped characteristics of the loading position of the hole wall and the three-dimensional axial propagation process in the hole will have a significant impact on the damage characteristics of the rock medium in the vicinity.

[0006] In view of the above problems, the development of an effective, reliable, controllable, safe and suitable experimental simulation technology for the vicinity of rock explosion cracking has become the key to solving the research on the cracking and crushing mechanism and effects of rock engineering. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a simulation device and method for three-dimensional explosion loads in a hole induced by water entry slamming. The slamming block falls into the slamming hole of a prefabricated rock sample through a falling channel, and a pressure load history of a triangular type of action is stimulated on the surface of the liquid. The pressure wave continuously propagates downward and along the hole radial direction through the liquid, causing the prefabricated rock sample to crack and be destroyed. The liquid is pressed into the existing cracks and fissures, producing a certain fluid wedge-in rock-breaking effect, which is also equivalent to realizing the wedge-in rock-breaking effect of the explosive gas in the explosion of explosives.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0009] The simulation device based on water impact-induced three-dimensional explosion load in the hole includes:

[0010] A prefabricated rock sample, wherein the prefabricated rock sample has a pounding hole, the pounding hole is vertically arranged and has a certain depth, and a liquid is arranged in the pounding hole;

[0011] A falling channel, wherein the falling channel is arranged vertically, the falling channel is arranged above the striking hole, the falling channel and the striking hole are arranged coaxially, and a certain distance is formed between the bottom of the falling channel and the top of the striking hole;

[0012] A banging block is vertically dropped into the banging hole through the falling channel, the banging block is aligned with the center of the banging hole and does not contact the hole wall of the banging hole, so that the prefabricated rock sample excites a banging pressure in a triangular shape entering the liquid on the top surface of the liquid, the banging pressure propagates outwardly relative to the banging hole and acts on the hole wall of the banging hole, and the banging pressure propagates axially downward to the hole bottom of the banging hole for reflection, and when the induced banging pressure load causes the prefabricated rock sample to crack, the liquid is squeezed into the prefabricated rock sample and produces a wedge-breaking effect on the rock.

[0013] Furthermore, the cross-sectional area of ​​the slamming block is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the slamming hole and the difference between the two is within a first threshold, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the slamming block is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the falling channel and the difference between the two is within a second threshold, so that the slamming block falls into the slamming hole through the falling channel, the slamming block is aligned with the centers of the falling channel and the slamming hole, and the slamming block does not contact the inner wall of the falling channel and the hole wall of the slamming hole.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes an acceleration mechanism, which is used to accelerate the slamming block so that the slamming block falls into the slamming hole through the falling channel at a certain speed.

[0015] Furthermore, the acceleration mechanism is a pressure tank, and the slamming block is detachably connected to the pressure tank via a clamping piece.

[0016] Furthermore, when the thickness of the prefabricated rock sample is greater than the prefabricated hole depth threshold, the slamming hole is a blind hole, and the prefabricated rock sample retains a certain depth of rock at the bottom of the slamming hole to seal the bottom of the hole and produce a buffering effect on the liquid;

[0017] When the thickness of the prefabricated rock sample is less than or equal to the prefabricated hole depth threshold, when the pounding hole is a through hole, a rigid support is arranged at the bottom of the pounding hole, the rigid support is arranged opposite to the bottom of the pounding hole, the rigid support part extends into the pounding hole and the extended part is basically in contact with the hole wall of the pounding hole, and the bottom of the pounding hole is sealed with sealant to seal the bottom of the hole and produce a buffering effect on the liquid.

[0018] Furthermore, it also includes a restraint mechanism, which includes a bracket, an upper support plate and a lower support plate, the upper support plate is provided with an upper through hole, the lower support plate is provided with a lower through hole, the upper support plate and the lower support plate are fixed to the bracket at a certain distance from top to bottom, and the falling channel is realized by method one or method two;

[0019] Mode 1: The restraining mechanism further includes a slide cylinder, which is disposed between the upper through hole and the lower through hole, one end of the slide cylinder is fixed to the upper support plate, and the other end of the slide cylinder is fixed to the lower support plate, so that the upper through hole, the slide cylinder and the lower through hole form a falling channel;

[0020] Method 2: The restraint mechanism also includes multiple guide rods, one end of the guide rod is fixed to the upper support plate, and the other end of the guide rod is fixed to the lower support plate. The multiple guide rods are distributed in a ring to form a virtual slide, so that the upper through hole, the virtual slide and the lower through hole form a falling channel.

[0021] Furthermore, it also includes a bottom plate, which is fixed to the bracket and arranged below the lower support plate so that a storage space for accommodating the prefabricated rock sample is formed between the bottom plate and the lower support plate, and the prefabricated rock sample is fixed to the bottom plate.

[0022] Furthermore, the bracket is provided with a first vertical slide groove, a second slide groove and a third slide groove, and the upper support plate, the lower support plate and the bottom plate are slidably connected to the first slide groove, the second slide groove and the third slide groove respectively, and the upper support plate, the lower support plate and the bottom plate can be locked by a locking piece to form a horizontal displacement constraint and an adjustable vertical displacement constraint for the upper support plate, the lower support plate and the bottom plate.

[0023] Furthermore, the slamming hole, the slamming block and the falling channel are all cylindrical, the diameter of the falling channel is 0.5-5 mm lower than the diameter of the slamming hole, and the diameter of the slamming block is 0.5-5 mm lower than the diameter of the falling channel.

[0024] A method for simulating three-dimensional explosion load in a hole based on water impact induction, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0025] Step 1: Prefabricated rock samples are set, and percussion holes are drilled on the prefabricated rock samples. The percussion holes are arranged vertically and have a certain depth, and liquid is poured into the percussion holes;

[0026] Step 2: Set the slamming block so that the cross-sectional area of ​​the slamming block is smaller than a certain threshold of the cross-sectional area of ​​the slamming hole;

[0027] Step 3: Setting a falling channel, the falling channel is set vertically, the falling channel is set above the slamming hole, the falling channel and the slamming hole are coaxially set, and there is a certain distance between the bottom of the falling channel and the top of the slamming hole;

[0028] Step 4: Make the pounding block fall into the pounding hole through the falling channel, the pounding block is aligned with the center of the pounding hole and does not contact the hole wall of the pounding hole, so that the prefabricated rock sample excites a quasi-triangular pounding pressure entering the liquid on the top surface of the liquid, the pounding pressure propagates outward relative to the pounding hole diameter and acts on the hole wall of the pounding hole, and the pounding pressure propagates axially downward to the hole bottom of the pounding hole for reflection. When the induced pounding pressure load causes the prefabricated rock sample to crack, the liquid is squeezed into the prefabricated rock sample and produces a wedge-breaking rock effect.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0030] The present invention provides a simulation device and method for three-dimensional explosion load in a hole induced by water entry slamming, which can be widely used in experimental research on near-zone blasting cracking and damage in rock mass engineering. The present invention injects liquid into a hole of a prefabricated rock sample containing a slamming hole, and uses a slamming block with a cross-sectional area smaller than a certain threshold of the cross-sectional area of ​​the slamming hole to impact the top surface of the liquid under initial velocity conditions, firstly stimulating a triangular-shaped slamming pressure time-history load entering the liquid on the surface of the liquid, and the pressure wave continuously propagates downward through the liquid and along the diameter of the slamming hole, equivalently realizing the instantaneous generation of explosive blasting slamming pressure at the orifice of the slamming hole, acting on the hole wall of the slamming hole, and continuously propagating and attenuating along the depth direction of the hole axis of the slamming hole, and the pressure wave propagates to the bottom of the hole and is reflected to achieve a three-dimensional equivalent simulation of the slamming pressure in the hole. When the prefabricated rock sample is cracked and damaged, the liquid is pressed into the existing cracks and fissures, producing a certain fluid wedge-breaking rock effect, causing the liquid to rush into the cracks and fissures, and continue to expand and extend the cracks, which is also equivalent to the wedge-breaking rock effect of the explosive gas in the explosion.

[0031] In addition, the present invention can adjust the pressure peak and duration of the triangular impact load by controlling the impact speed and impact mass of the impact block, and does not produce negative effects such as radiation, fire, smoke, etc. during the experiment. It can realize the three-dimensional loading experiment simulation of the controllable blasting load while better matching and supporting the dynamic monitoring of near-zone impact rock breaking by existing high-speed photography technology. The present invention can overcome the limitations of indoor explosion impact test research on the high risk of explosives and the high cost and incompatibility of field tests, and can realize rock explosion impact test simulation safely, controllably and at low cost, with high promotion feasibility and broad application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a simulation device for 3D explosion load in a hole induced by water entry slamming in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a state in which a slamming block falls to a slamming hole through a falling channel in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of the slamming hole, the slamming block, the falling channel and the guide rod of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a slamming pressure test diagram of the slamming block slamming the liquid in the slamming hole to stimulate the liquid to enter;

[0037] Figure 5 It is an experimental effect diagram in a specific implementation mode of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 The present invention is a flow chart of a method for simulating three-dimensional explosion loads in a hole induced by water impact.

[0039] Among them, 1. prefabricated rock sample; 11. slamming hole; 111. measuring point at the axial depth in the slamming hole; 2. falling channel; 3. slamming block; 4. acceleration mechanism; 5. restraint mechanism; 51. bracket; 52. upper support plate; 521. upper through hole; 53. lower support plate; 531. lower through hole; 54. bottom plate; 55. guide rod; 6. liquid. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and the like are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", and the like may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] Embodiment 1 provides a simulation device based on water impact-induced three-dimensional explosion load in a hole, such as Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, it includes a prefabricated rock sample 1, a restraining mechanism 5 and a slamming block 3.

[0044] The prefabricated rock sample 1 has a pounding hole 11 , which is arranged vertically and has a certain depth. A liquid 6 is arranged in the pounding hole 11 .

[0045] The restraint mechanism 5 has a falling channel 2, which is arranged vertically to form a horizontal displacement constraint on the slamming block 3. The falling channel 2 is arranged above the slamming hole 11. The falling channel 2 and the slamming hole 11 are coaxially arranged, and there is a certain distance between the bottom of the falling channel 2 and the top of the slamming hole 11.

[0046] The slamming block 3 vertically falls into the slamming hole 11 through the falling channel 2, so that the prefabricated rock sample 1 excites a slamming pressure in a triangular shape on the top surface of the liquid 6 that enters the liquid 6. The slamming pressure propagates radially outward relative to the slamming hole 11 and acts on the hole wall of the slamming hole 11, and the slamming pressure propagates axially downward to the hole bottom of the slamming hole 11 to generate a reflection effect. When the induced slamming pressure load causes the prefabricated rock sample 1 to crack, the liquid 6 is squeezed into the prefabricated rock sample 1 and produces a wedge-breaking effect on the rock.

[0047] The simulation device based on water entry slamming induced three-dimensional explosion load in the hole provided in this embodiment can be widely used in the experimental study of near-zone blasting cracking and damage in rock engineering. The present invention injects liquid into the hole of the prefabricated rock sample 1 containing the slamming hole 11, and the slamming block 3 impacts the top surface of the liquid 6 under the initial velocity condition, firstly excites the slamming pressure time-history load of the liquid 6 in a triangular shape, and the pressure wave continuously propagates downward through the inside of the liquid 6 and along the pore diameter of the slamming hole 11, equivalently realizing the instantaneous generation of the explosive blasting slamming pressure at the orifice of the slamming hole 11, acting on the pore wall of the slamming hole 11, and continuously propagating and attenuating along the depth direction of the pore axis of the slamming hole 11, and the pressure wave propagates to the bottom of the hole and is reflected to achieve the three-dimensional equivalent simulation of the slamming pressure in the hole. When the prefabricated rock sample 1 is cracked and damaged, the liquid 6 is pressed into the existing cracks and fissures, producing a certain fluid wedge-in rock-breaking effect, causing the liquid 6 to rush into the cracks and fissures, and continue to expand and extend the cracks, which also equivalently realizes the wedge-in rock-breaking effect of the explosive gas in the explosion.

[0048] In addition, this embodiment can control the slamming speed and slamming mass of the slamming block 3 to adjust the peak value and duration of the slamming pressure of the triangular impact load, and does not produce negative effects such as radiation, fire, smoke, etc. during the experiment. It can better match and support the dynamic monitoring of near-zone impact rock breaking of existing high-speed photography technology while realizing the three-dimensional loading experiment simulation of controllable blasting load. The present invention can overcome the limitations of indoor explosion impact test research caused by the high risk of explosives and the high cost and incompatibility of field tests, and can realize rock explosion impact experiment simulation safely, controllably and at low cost, with high promotion feasibility and broad application prospects.

[0049] like Figure 4 As shown, it is a test diagram of the slamming pressure when the slamming block 3 slams the liquid 6 in the slamming hole 11 to stimulate the liquid to enter, and illustrates the measuring point 111 at the axial depth in the slamming hole.

[0050] In this embodiment, in order to better simulate the effect of the slamming block 3 impacting the prefabricated rock sample 1 through the liquid 6, so as to equivalently achieve the effect of explosive blasting impacting the prefabricated rock sample 1, the liquid 6 is set to water, which is relatively cheap. When the prefabricated rock sample 1 is cracked and damaged, the liquid 6 is pressed into the existing cracks and fissures, producing a certain fluid wedge-breaking rock effect.

[0051] In this embodiment, in order to better simulate the impact effect, the vertical direction is the vertical direction. The slamming hole 11 and the falling channel 2 are both arranged along the vertical direction.

[0052] It also includes an acceleration mechanism 4, which is used to accelerate the slamming block 3 so that the slamming block 3 falls into the slamming hole 11 through the falling channel 2 at a certain speed.

[0053] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the acceleration mechanism 4 is a pressure tank, and the slamming block 3 is detachably connected to the pressure tank through a clamping piece. When the pressure tank applies a certain impact force to the slamming block 3, the slamming block 3 overcomes the clamping force of the clamping piece, thereby increasing the acceleration of the slamming block 3 and achieving a higher initial velocity.

[0054] The initial velocity of the slamming block 3 can be achieved by free fall under the action of gravity. When the required speed is large and the experimental space is limited, the acceleration of the slamming block 3 can be increased by configuring a pressure tank to achieve a higher initial velocity.

[0055] The mass, slamming speed, and contact area of ​​the slamming block 3 with the liquid 6 will affect the peak value and duration of the pressure load time history induced by the slamming block 3 in the liquid 6. The mass of the slamming block 3 can be achieved by lengthening the height of the slamming block 3, the slamming speed can be achieved by increasing the free fall height or the pressure of the pressure tank, and the contact area with the liquid 6 involves the change of the aperture of the slamming hole 11 and the cross-sectional size of the slamming block 3. The size of the falling channel 2 can be changed. When different contact areas with the liquid 6 need to be studied, the slamming block 3 with the required cross-sectional size and the prefabricated rock sample 1 with the slamming hole 11 with the required cross-sectional size can be replaced.

[0056] In this embodiment, the prefabricated rock sample 1 is the rock to be simulated, and the blasting hole 11 is cylindrical, simulating the actual round hole blasting of rock.

[0057] In this embodiment, a prefabricated rock sample 1 is prepared, and the dimensions of the prefabricated rock sample 1 are length×width×thickness=1×w×h1, the diameter of the pounding hole 11 is d1, and the depth is h2, and h2 is less than or equal to h1.

[0058] In this embodiment, the slamming block 3 is a cylinder with a mass of m and a diameter of d2. The diameter of the slamming block 3 is slightly smaller than the diameter of the slamming hole 11. The slamming block 3 is placed in a guiding alignment device and aligned with the center of the inner hole of the rock sample to ensure that when the slamming block 3 falls vertically, it impacts and squeezes the center of the top surface of the liquid 6 without locally colliding with the hole wall of the slamming block 3. When the slamming block 3 falls vertically and contacts the top surface of the liquid 6, the slamming speed is v. The slamming pressure Pt of the liquid 6 is first stimulated on the top surface of the liquid 6. The slamming pressure propagates radially outward and acts on the hole wall, and propagates axially downward to the bottom of the hole for reflection. When the induced slamming pressure load causes the prefabricated rock sample 1 to crack, the liquid 6 is squeezed into the rock, forming a further wedging and rock-breaking effect, thereby realizing the equivalent loading of the three-dimensional slamming pressure in the hole and the liquid wedging and rock-breaking simulation as a whole.

[0059] In this embodiment, the prefabricated rock sample 1 needs to keep air flowing freely at the opening of the slamming hole 11. When the slamming block 3 falls rapidly, the top surface of the liquid 6 is in an unclosed state, which weakens the buffering effect of the air cushion layer on the top surface of the liquid 6. The bottom of the hole of the slamming block 3 should be in a closed state to ensure that the liquid 6 in the hole of the slamming block 3 does not flow out or squeeze out from the bottom of the hole. This can be achieved in the following two ways:

[0060] When the thickness of the prefabricated rock sample 1 is greater than the prefabricated hole depth threshold, the slamming hole 11 can be a blind hole. When the slamming hole 11 is a blind hole, the prefabricated rock sample 1 retains a certain depth of rock effect at the bottom of the slamming hole 11 to seal the hole bottom and produce a buffering effect on the liquid 6.

[0061] When the thickness of the prefabricated rock sample 1 is less than or equal to the prefabricated hole depth threshold, when the pounding hole 11 is a through hole, a rigid support is arranged at the bottom of the pounding hole 11, the rigid support is arranged opposite to the bottom of the pounding hole 11, the rigid support part extends into the pounding hole 11 and the extended part is basically in contact with the hole wall of the pounding hole 11, and the bottom of the pounding hole 11 is sealed with sealant to seal the bottom of the hole and produce a buffering effect on the liquid 6.

[0062] In this embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, in order to make the slamming block 3 fall completely vertically and better realize the three-dimensional loading experiment simulation of the controllable blasting load, the cross-sectional area of ​​the slamming block 3 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the slamming hole 11 and the difference between the two is within a first threshold value, the cross-sectional area of ​​the slamming block 3 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the falling channel 2 and the difference between the two is within a second threshold value, so that the slamming block 3 falls into the slamming hole 11 through the falling channel 2, the slamming block 3 is aligned with the centers of the falling channel 2 and the slamming hole 11 and the slamming block 3 does not contact the inner wall of the falling channel 2 and the wall of the slamming hole 11, so as to prevent the vertical falling of the slamming block 3 from being affected, so that the slamming block 3 falls completely vertically.

[0063] In this embodiment, if the first threshold and the second threshold are too large, the slamming block 3 will shake left and right, and it cannot be guaranteed that the slamming block 3 falls in the vertical direction; if the first threshold and the second threshold are too small, friction will be generated on the slamming block 3, which will also affect the vertical fall. Therefore, the range of the first threshold is 0.5-5mm, and the range of the second threshold is 0.5-5mm.

[0064] In this embodiment, Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, the restraint mechanism 5 includes a bracket 51, an upper support plate 52 and a lower support plate 53. The upper support plate 52 is provided with an upper through hole 521, and the lower support plate 53 is provided with a lower through hole 531. The upper support plate 52 and the lower support plate 53 are fixed to the bracket 51 at a certain distance above and below, and the falling channel 2 is realized by method one or method two.

[0065] Method 1: The restraint mechanism 5 also includes a slide cylinder, which is arranged between the upper through hole 521 and the lower through hole 531, one end of the slide cylinder is fixed to the upper support plate 52, and the other end of the slide cylinder is fixed to the lower support plate 53, so that the upper through hole 521, the slide cylinder and the lower through hole 531 form a falling channel 2.

[0066] Method 2: The restraint mechanism 5 also includes a plurality of guide rods 55, one end of the guide rod 55 is fixed to the upper support plate 52, and the other end of the guide rod 55 is fixed to the lower support plate 53, and the plurality of guide rods 55 are distributed in a ring to form a virtual slideway, so that the upper through hole 521, the virtual slideway and the lower through hole 531 form a falling channel 2.

[0067] In this embodiment, by changing the position where the guide rod 55 or the slide cylinder is fixed to the upper support plate 52 and the lower support plate 53, the size of the prefabricated rock sample 1 and the size of the slamming hole 11 are changed, and the size of the upper through hole 521 on the upper support plate 52 and the lower through hole 531 on the lower support plate 53 are changed to adapt to the simulation test of the slamming blocks 3 of different sizes.

[0068] In this embodiment, a bottom plate 54 is further included. The bottom plate 54 is fixed to the bracket 51 and is disposed below the lower support plate 53 so that a receiving space for receiving the prefabricated rock sample 1 is formed between the bottom plate 54 and the lower support plate 53 . The prefabricated rock sample 1 is fixed to the bottom plate 54 .

[0069] The bracket 51 is provided with a first vertical slide groove, a second vertical slide groove, and a third vertical slide groove, and the upper support plate 52, the lower support plate 53, and the bottom plate 54 move in the first vertical slide groove, the second vertical slide groove, and the third vertical slide groove, respectively, so as to form a horizontal displacement constraint for the upper support plate 52, the lower support plate 53, and the bottom plate 54, and a constraint setting in which the vertical displacement is adjustable. Specifically, the first vertical slide groove, the second vertical slide groove, and the third vertical slide groove can be connected in sequence to increase the sliding space of the upper support plate 52, the lower support plate 53, and the bottom plate 54 in the vertical direction.

[0070] In the specific implementation of this embodiment, the bracket 51 is formed by multiple support rods, each of which is provided with a slide rail, which forms a first slide groove, a second slide groove and a third slide groove connected in sequence, and the support plate, the lower support plate 53 and the bottom plate 54 are all provided with sliders that can move on the slide rails.

[0071] The falling channel 2 formed by the slide or multiple guide rods 55 allows the slamming block 3 to impact through. The falling channel 2 and the slamming hole 11 are coaxially arranged. The falling channel 2 formed by the slide or multiple guide rods 55 is aligned, in contact with and fixed to the pneumatic pressure port of the pressure tank. When the slamming block 3 starts to fall freely or is started at a certain speed by the pneumatic device, the slamming block 3 will accelerate downward in the falling channel 2 formed by the slide or multiple guide rods 55. The diameter of the falling channel 2 formed by the slide or multiple guide rods 55 is 0.5-5mm lower than the diameter of the liquid 6 below. At the same time, the diameter of the slamming block 3 is 0.5-5mm lower than the falling channel 2 formed by the slide or multiple guide rods 55, ensuring that the impact object in the falling channel 2 formed by the slide or multiple guide rods 55 directly hits the top surface of the liquid 6 without colliding with the hole wall of the slamming hole 11. At the same time, the impact uncoupling coefficient is limited to ensure the integrity of the pressure curve.

[0072] Specifically, in the specific implementation of this embodiment, a prefabricated rock sample 1 is prepared, the length×width×thickness is 600mm×600mm×1000mm, the diameter of the slamming hole 11 is 100mm, and the depth is 60mm. The mass of the slamming block 3 is 3kg, and the diameter of the slamming block 3 is 96mm. Figure 5 As shown, it is an experimental effect diagram in a specific embodiment of the present invention. When the slamming block 3 falls vertically and contacts the top surface of the liquid 6, the slamming speed is 20m / s, so that the slamming pressure is generated from the hole mouth and acts and propagates into the hole and around the hole, and the rock cracks uniformly into cracks along the radial direction, achieving the experimental simulation effect of near-zone impact fracturing.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] Embodiment 2 provides a method for simulating three-dimensional explosion loads in a hole based on water impact, such as Figure 6 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0075] Step 1: a prefabricated rock sample 1 is provided, and a slamming hole 11 is drilled on the prefabricated rock sample 1, the slamming hole 11 is vertically arranged and has a certain depth, and a liquid 6 is poured into the slamming hole 11;

[0076] Step 2: Setting the slamming block 3 so that the cross-sectional area of ​​the slamming block 3 is smaller than a certain threshold of the cross-sectional area of ​​the slamming hole 11;

[0077] Step 3: Setting a falling channel 2, the falling channel 2 is set vertically, the falling channel 2 is set above the slamming hole 11, the falling channel 2 and the slamming hole 11 are coaxially arranged, and there is a certain distance between the bottom of the falling channel 2 and the top of the slamming hole 11;

[0078] Step 4: Make the slamming block 3 fall into the slamming hole 11 through the falling channel 2, the slamming block 3 is aligned with the center of the slamming hole 11 and the slamming block 3 does not contact the hole wall of the slamming hole 11, so that the prefabricated rock sample 1 excites a quasi-triangular slamming pressure on the top surface of the liquid 6 that enters the liquid 6, the slamming pressure propagates radially outward relative to the slamming hole 11 and acts on the hole wall of the slamming hole 11, and the slamming pressure propagates axially downward to the bottom of the slamming hole 11 to generate a reflection effect, when the induced slamming pressure load causes the prefabricated rock sample 1 to crack, the liquid 6 is squeezed into the prefabricated rock sample 1 and produces a wedge-breaking effect on the rock.

[0079] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A simulation device based on water impact-induced three-dimensional explosion load in a hole, characterized in that: include: A prefabricated rock sample, wherein the prefabricated rock sample has a pounding hole, the pounding hole is vertically arranged and has a certain depth, and a liquid is arranged in the pounding hole; A falling channel, wherein the falling channel is arranged vertically, the falling channel is arranged above the striking hole, the falling channel and the striking hole are arranged coaxially, and a certain distance is formed between the bottom of the falling channel and the top of the striking hole; A banging block is vertically dropped into the banging hole through the falling channel, the banging block is aligned with the center of the banging hole and does not contact the hole wall of the banging hole, so that the prefabricated rock sample excites a banging pressure in a triangular shape entering the liquid on the top surface of the liquid, the banging pressure propagates outwardly relative to the banging hole and acts on the hole wall of the banging hole, and the banging pressure propagates axially downward to the hole bottom of the banging hole for reflection, and when the induced banging pressure load causes the prefabricated rock sample to crack, the liquid is squeezed into the prefabricated rock sample and produces a wedge-breaking effect on the rock.

2. The simulation device for three-dimensional explosion load in a hole induced by water entry slamming according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cross-sectional area of ​​the slamming block is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the slamming hole and the difference between the two is within a first threshold value, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the slamming block is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the falling channel and the difference between the two is within a second threshold value, so that the slamming block falls into the slamming hole through the falling channel, and the slamming block is aligned with the centers of the falling channel and the slamming hole and the slamming block does not contact the inner wall of the falling channel and the hole wall of the slamming hole.

3. The simulation device for three-dimensional explosion load in a hole induced by water entry slamming according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes an acceleration mechanism, which is used to accelerate the slamming block so that the slamming block falls into the slamming hole through the falling channel at a certain speed.

4. The simulation device for three-dimensional explosion load in a hole induced by water entry slamming according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The acceleration mechanism is a pressure tank, and the slamming block is detachably connected to the pressure tank through a clamping piece.

5. The device for simulating three-dimensional explosion load in a hole induced by water entry slamming according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When the thickness of the prefabricated rock sample is greater than the prefabricated hole depth threshold, the slamming hole is a blind hole, and the prefabricated rock sample retains a certain depth of rock at the bottom of the slamming hole to seal the bottom of the hole and produce a buffering effect on the liquid; When the thickness of the prefabricated rock sample is less than or equal to the prefabricated hole depth threshold, when the pounding hole is a through hole, a rigid support is arranged at the bottom of the pounding hole, the rigid support is arranged opposite to the bottom of the pounding hole, the rigid support part extends into the pounding hole and the extended part is basically in contact with the hole wall of the pounding hole, and the bottom of the pounding hole is sealed with sealant to seal the bottom of the hole and produce a buffering effect on the liquid.

6. The device for simulating three-dimensional explosion load in a hole induced by water entry slamming according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a restraint mechanism, the restraint mechanism includes a bracket, an upper support plate and a lower support plate, the upper support plate is provided with an upper through hole, the lower support plate is provided with a lower through hole, the upper support plate and the lower support plate are fixed to the bracket at a certain distance from top to bottom, and the falling channel is realized by method one or method two; Mode 1: The restraining mechanism further includes a slide cylinder, which is disposed between the upper through hole and the lower through hole, one end of the slide cylinder is fixed to the upper support plate, and the other end of the slide cylinder is fixed to the lower support plate, so that the upper through hole, the slide cylinder and the lower through hole form a falling channel; Method 2: The restraint mechanism also includes multiple guide rods, one end of the guide rod is fixed to the upper support plate, and the other end of the guide rod is fixed to the lower support plate. The multiple guide rods are distributed in a ring to form a virtual slide, so that the upper through hole, the virtual slide and the lower through hole form a falling channel.

7. The device for simulating three-dimensional explosion load in a hole induced by water entry slamming according to claim 6 is characterized in that: It also includes a bottom plate, which is fixed to the bracket and arranged below the lower support plate, so that a receiving space for receiving the prefabricated rock sample is formed between the bottom plate and the lower support plate, and the prefabricated rock sample is fixed to the bottom plate.

8. The simulation device for three-dimensional explosion load in a hole induced by water entry slamming according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The bracket is provided with a first vertical slide groove, a second slide groove and a third vertical slide groove, and the upper support plate, the lower support plate and the bottom plate are slidably connected to the first slide groove, the second slide groove and the third slide groove respectively, and the upper support plate, the lower support plate and the bottom plate can be locked by a locking piece to form a horizontal displacement constraint and an adjustable vertical displacement constraint for the upper support plate, the lower support plate and the bottom plate.

9. The device for simulating three-dimensional explosion load in a hole induced by water entry slamming according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The slamming hole, the slamming block and the falling channel are all cylindrical, the diameter of the falling channel is 0.5-5mm lower than the diameter of the slamming hole, and the diameter of the slamming block is 0.5-5mm lower than the diameter of the falling channel.

10. A method for simulating three-dimensional explosion loads in a hole induced by water impact, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Prefabricated rock samples are set, and percussion holes are drilled on the prefabricated rock samples. The percussion holes are arranged vertically and have a certain depth, and liquid is poured into the percussion holes; Step 2: Set the slamming block so that the cross-sectional area of ​​the slamming block is smaller than a certain threshold of the cross-sectional area of ​​the slamming hole; Step 3: Setting a falling channel, the falling channel is set vertically, the falling channel is set above the slamming hole, the falling channel and the slamming hole are coaxially set, and there is a certain distance between the bottom of the falling channel and the top of the slamming hole; Step 4: Make the pounding block fall into the pounding hole through the falling channel, the pounding block is aligned with the center of the pounding hole and does not contact the hole wall of the pounding hole, so that the prefabricated rock sample excites a quasi-triangular pounding pressure entering the liquid on the top surface of the liquid, the pounding pressure propagates outward relative to the pounding hole diameter and acts on the hole wall of the pounding hole, and the pounding pressure propagates axially downward to the hole bottom of the pounding hole for reflection, when the induced pounding pressure load causes the prefabricated rock sample to crack, the liquid is squeezed into the prefabricated rock sample and produces a wedge-breaking effect on the rock.

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