Electronic load based on power factor adjustment
Through electronic load based on power factor adjustment, using phase-locked loop and fast Fourier transform technology, the problem of power instability in battery tests is solved, and stable and controllable test conditions and simulation of multiple load conditions is achieved, which improves the Accuracy and consistency of test results.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411382112.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-03
AI Technical Summary
During battery testing, existing electronic loads are difficult to maintain stable power, resulting in unstable test conditions, affecting the consistency and comparability of test results, and it is difficult to simulate various types of load conditions.
Using electronic loads based on power factor adjustment, by obtaining the frequency and phase information of the power grid, presetting multiple power factors and current strengths, using phase locked loop technology and fast Fourier transform, power electronic converters are adjusted in real time to simulate different types. load conditions ensure accurate adjustment of current phase.
Repeated testing under the same load conditions is realized, which improves the consistency and comparability of test results, can accurately simulate the load conditions of the battery in actual use, reduces the testing cost, and improves the accuracy and reliability of test results. .
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery testing, and more particularly to an electronic load based on power factor adjustment. Background Art
[0002] The battery industry has played an increasingly important role in the global energy transformation and development of new energy vehicles in recent years. With the increasing awareness of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and environmental protection around the world, new energy vehicles and their core components, power batteries, have received great attention and rapid development. The industry has many market demands and technological innovation has also developed rapidly.
[0003] Among the related industrial products of power batteries, electronic load, also known as electronic load in English, is an electronic component that can accurately detect load voltage and precisely adjust load current by controlling the internal power or conduction amount of transistors. It can simulate the load conditions under actual working conditions during battery debugging and testing. Electronic loads simulate different load conditions to evaluate their discharge characteristics and lifespan, helping to test and evaluate the stability, efficiency and reliability of batteries. The simulation process of electronic loads can help optimize battery design and improve battery performance to ensure that the battery can meet performance requirements in actual use. For battery manufacturers, these are crucial to the development and production of batteries.
[0004] During the battery testing process, if the electronic load can maintain the preset power, the test conditions become stable and controllable, which helps to repeat the test under the same load conditions, thereby improving the consistency and comparability of the test results. It can also accurately simulate the load conditions of the battery in actual use, such as the energy consumption of electric vehicles during driving, thereby ensuring that the test results are closer to actual usage scenarios. Summary of the invention
[0005] In order to achieve power stabilization in battery testing, the present invention provides an electronic load based on power factor adjustment.
[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
[0007] An electronic load based on power factor adjustment, the electronic load is connected to the test power grid,
[0008] The electronic load obtains the frequency and phase information of the actual voltage of the test grid.
[0009] The electronic load calculates the actual voltage phase angle of the test grid based on the frequency information and phase information.
[0010] The electronic load is pre-set to preset multiple preset power factors and their corresponding preset power factor angles and preset current strengths according to different requirements.
[0011] The electronic load calculates the target current intensity of the test grid based on the preset power factor angle, preset current intensity, and actual voltage phase angle.
[0012] The electronic load monitors the actual current intensity of the test grid and adjusts the built-in power electronic converter according to the target current intensity and the actual current intensity, so that the actual current intensity of the test grid approaches the target current intensity.
[0013] In the above-mentioned electronic load based on power factor adjustment, the electronic load samples the actual voltage signal of the test power grid through a voltage sensor and an analog-to-digital converter, and stores the collected actual voltage signal in the memory of the electronic load.
[0014] The electronic load performs fast Fourier transform on the stored actual voltage signal to obtain the frequency information of the actual voltage of the test grid.
[0015] The electronic load obtains the phase information of the actual voltage of the test grid through the phase-locked loop technology.
[0016] The above-mentioned electronic load based on power factor adjustment, the electronic load calculates the actual voltage phase angle of the test grid according to the frequency information and phase information. The calculation formula is:
[0017]
[0018] Among them, θ is the actual voltage phase angle of the test grid, e is the frequency information, and u is the phase information.
[0019] The above-mentioned electronic load based on power factor adjustment,
[0020] When the demand electronic load is a resistive load, the preset power factor is set to 1, and the current waveform of the electronic load is parallel to the voltage wave of the electronic load on the time axis;
[0021] When the required electronic load is a capacitive load, the preset power factor is set to be less than 1, and the current waveform of the electronic load is ahead of the voltage waveform of the electronic load on the time axis;
[0022] When the required electronic load is an inductive load, the preset power factor is set to be less than 1, and the current waveform of the electronic load lags behind the voltage waveform of the electronic load on the time axis.
[0023] For the above-mentioned electronic load based on power factor adjustment, the calculation formula of the preset power factor and the corresponding preset power factor angle is:
[0024] φ=arccos(T),
[0025] Wherein, φ is the preset power factor angle, and T is the preset power factor.
[0026] The above-mentioned electronic load based on power factor adjustment, the electronic load calculates the target current intensity of the test grid according to the preset power factor angle, the preset current intensity, and the actual voltage phase angle. The calculation formula is:
[0027] i=I m ·cos(θ+φ),
[0028] Where i is the target current intensity of the test grid, I m is the preset current intensity, θ is the actual voltage phase angle of the test grid, and φ is the preset power factor angle.
[0029] In the above-mentioned electronic load based on power factor adjustment, the electronic load obtains an error parameter according to the target current intensity and the actual current intensity, and obtains the control signal of the electronic load at this time, so that the error parameter at this time and the electronic load control signal at this time form a one-to-one mapping relationship, and in order to reduce the value of the error parameter, the control signal is adjusted through the PID control formula.
[0030] In the above-mentioned electronic load based on power factor adjustment, the electronic load obtains an error parameter according to the target current intensity and the actual current intensity, and obtains the control signal of the electronic load at this time, so that the error parameter at this time and the electronic load control signal at this time form a one-to-one mapping relationship, and in order to reduce the value of the error parameter, the control signal is adjusted through the PR control formula.
[0031] The above-mentioned electronic load based on power factor adjustment includes:
[0032] Input interface unit, connected to the power supply or battery to be tested, and introduces the power output;
[0033] Power electronic converters adjust input current according to set load characteristics to simulate different load conditions;
[0034] The control and adjustment unit adjusts the working state of the power electronic converter in real time according to the set load characteristics to ensure that the actual load meets the set value.
[0035] Furthermore, the electronic load also includes any one or more of the following components:
[0036] Display and operation interface, which provides an interface for users to interact with the electronic load and is used to set the characteristics of the electronic load and display the status of the electronic load;
[0037] Cooling and heat dissipation system to ensure that the internal temperature of the electronic load is not too high to avoid overheating damage;
[0038] Protect the circuit to prevent abnormal conditions and protect the electronic load from damage;
[0039] A storage unit stores externally acquired data and internally calculated data.
[0040] The present invention according to the above scheme has the beneficial effect that:
[0041] 1. The electronic load of the present invention is adjusted based on a preset power factor, so it can maintain the preset power, making the test conditions stable and controllable, which helps to repeat the test under the same load conditions, thereby improving the consistency and comparability of the test results. And the stable power test conditions can accurately simulate the load conditions of the battery in actual use, such as the energy consumption of electric vehicles when driving, thereby ensuring that the test results are closer to the actual use scenario.
[0042] 2. The adjustment of the electronic load of the present invention is based on the power factor itself, so it can simulate various types of load conditions, such as inductive load, capacitive load and pure resistive load, and can test multiple load conditions on the same device. This flexibility makes the electronic load a multi-functional tool that is suitable for a variety of testing needs while reducing testing costs.
[0043] 3. The electronic load of the present invention directly performs phase synchronization and frequency tracking on the test grid voltage, ensuring accurate adjustment of the current phase during the test process, so as to better simulate the load conditions under actual working conditions and improve the accuracy and reliability of the test results. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0044] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.
[0045] An electronic load based on power factor adjustment, the electronic load is connected to the test power grid,
[0046] The electronic load obtains the frequency and phase information of the actual voltage of the test grid.
[0047] The electronic load calculates the actual voltage phase angle of the test grid based on the frequency information and phase information.
[0048] The electronic load is pre-set to preset multiple preset power factors and their corresponding preset power factor angles and preset current strengths according to different requirements.
[0049] The electronic load calculates the target current intensity of the test grid based on the preset power factor angle, preset current intensity, and actual voltage phase angle.
[0050] The electronic load monitors the actual current intensity of the test grid and adjusts the built-in power electronic converter according to the target current intensity and the actual current intensity, so that the actual current intensity of the test grid approaches the target current intensity.
[0051] The phase synchronization signal provided by the phase-locked loop technology is an important basis for the dynamic adjustment of the power factor angle. With the help of the phase-locked loop, the electronic load can accurately know the phase information of the grid voltage, and adjust the current phase on this basis to ensure that the phase difference between the output current and the grid voltage meets the preset power factor value. Without phase synchronization, the change in the current phase angle cannot be accurately calculated, and accurate power factor adjustment cannot be achieved.
[0052] In phase-locked loop technology, the frequency detection algorithm continuously monitors the changes in grid frequency and feeds this information back to the control system, so that when the grid frequency changes, the phase-locked loop can adjust its internal parameters in time to maintain phase synchronization with the grid voltage. This dynamic frequency tracking mechanism ensures that even when the grid frequency fluctuates, the electronic load can update parameters in real time to maintain phase synchronization, providing a reliable reference for adjusting the power factor angle.
[0053] The combination of phase synchronization and frequency tracking ensures that the electronic load can accurately control the phase of the output current, so that no matter how the grid conditions change, the electronic load can maintain accurate adjustment of the current phase. Based on the dynamic adjustment technology of the power factor angle of phase synchronization and frequency tracking, the electronic load can simulate various types of load conditions in different test scenarios. Whether it is an inductive load, a capacitive load or a purely resistive load, the electronic load can achieve stable power factor control by adjusting the current phase.
[0054] The electronic load samples the actual voltage signal of the test grid through a voltage sensor and an analog-to-digital converter, and stores the collected actual voltage signal in the memory of the electronic load.
[0055] The electronic load performs fast Fourier transform on the stored actual voltage signal to obtain the frequency information of the actual voltage of the test grid.
[0056] The electronic load obtains the phase information of the actual voltage of the test grid through the phase-locked loop technology.
[0057] Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is an efficient algorithm for calculating Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). DFT is a technique for converting signals from the time domain or space domain to the frequency domain, and FFT is a fast method for calculating DFT. Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) can be defined as the transformation of an N-point sequence x[n] into another N-point sequence X[k], and its mathematical expression is: Among them, j is the narrative unit n is the time index and k is the frequency index.
[0058] The electronic load converts the time domain signal into the frequency domain signal through the fast Fourier transform (FFT). In this process, FFT converts the voltage waveform in the time domain into a set of complex coefficients, which represent the amplitude and phase of different frequency components in the signal. The voltage signal in the time domain may contain multiple frequency components. Through FFT, we can decompose this composite signal into its individual frequency components. Each frequency component corresponds to a discrete point in the FFT output. The amplitude of the point represents the energy of the frequency component, and the phase represents the phase offset of the component relative to the reference point.
[0059] When we input the voltage signal into FFT, we will get a spectrum containing multiple complex elements. These complex elements correspond to different frequency components of the signal. By analyzing the amplitude of these complex elements, we can determine which frequency components dominate the signal. Usually, the main frequency of the grid voltage signal is the most obvious component, so as to obtain the frequency information of the actual voltage in the test grid.
[0060] Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) is a widely used electronic control circuit, which is mainly used to maintain a fixed phase relationship between the output signal and the input reference signal. The phase-locked loop usually includes a phase detector, a loop filter and a voltage-controlled oscillator. Among them, the phase detector is used to compare the phase difference between the input signal (i.e., the grid voltage signal) and the signal generated by the local oscillator (Local Oscillator, LO). The phase detector outputs an error signal, which reflects the phase difference between the input signal and the local oscillator signal; the loop filter is used to smooth the error signal output by the phase detector, filter out high-frequency noise, and only retain useful low-frequency components. The output of the loop filter is a control signal, which is used to adjust the frequency of the local oscillator; the voltage-controlled oscillator is an oscillator that can change its output frequency according to the input voltage. The output frequency of the VCO changes with the control signal output by the loop filter, so that the signal frequency output by the VCO is synchronized with the input signal frequency.
[0061] When the phase-locked loop receives an input signal, the output frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator may be inconsistent with the frequency of the input signal. The phase detector detects the phase difference and adjusts the frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator through the loop filter. As the output frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator gradually approaches the input signal frequency, the phase difference detected by the phase detector decreases. When the output frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator is consistent with the input signal frequency, the error signal output by the phase detector tends to zero, and the loop enters the locked state. In the locked state, the output signal of the voltage-controlled oscillator maintains a fixed phase relationship with the input signal, and the loop filter can provide sufficient bandwidth to track the frequency changes of the input signal, thereby maintaining the locked state. When the phase-locked loop successfully locks the input signal, it can not only synchronize the output frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator with the input signal frequency, but also maintain a fixed phase relationship. The signal output by the voltage-controlled oscillator maintains a fixed phase difference with the input signal (i.e., the actual voltage signal of the test grid), which can be reflected by the output signal of the phase detector. By observing the phase difference between the output signal of the voltage-controlled oscillator and the input signal, the phase information of the grid voltage signal can be determined.
[0062] The electronic load calculates the actual voltage phase angle of the test grid based on the frequency information and phase information.
[0063]
[0064] Among them, θ is the actual voltage phase angle of the test grid, e is the frequency information, and u is the phase information.
[0065] In the AC system, frequency information and phase information represent the projection of the actual voltage of the test grid in two mutually perpendicular directions. If we regard the grid voltage as a rotating vector, the position of this vector at any time can be represented by its horizontal component (frequency information) and vertical component (phase information). The phase difference between frequency information and phase information is 90 degrees.
[0066] When the demand electronic load is a resistive load, the preset power factor is set to 1, and the current waveform of the electronic load is parallel to the voltage wave of the electronic load on the time axis;
[0067] When the required electronic load is a capacitive load, the preset power factor is set to be less than 1, and the current waveform of the electronic load is ahead of the voltage waveform of the electronic load on the time axis;
[0068] When the required electronic load is an inductive load, the preset power factor is set to be less than 1, and the current waveform of the electronic load lags behind the voltage waveform of the electronic load on the time axis.
[0069] Resistive load means that the load contains only resistance elements, without the influence of capacitance or inductance. In a pure resistance load, the current and voltage are completely in phase, that is, the current waveform changes synchronously with the voltage waveform. In this case, all input electrical energy is converted into heat energy or other forms of energy, there is no reactive power (that is, there is no process of energy storage and release in the magnetic or electric field), so the power factor is 1.
[0070] Capacitive load refers to a load that contains capacitive elements. In a capacitive load, when the voltage rises, the capacitor begins to charge and the current will flow into the capacitor in advance; when the voltage drops, the capacitor begins to discharge and the current will continue to flow out of the capacitor. Therefore, the current waveform will lead the voltage waveform by a certain angle. Since the capacitor stores and releases charge during the charging and discharging process, this part of the energy is not actually consumed, but exists in the circuit in the form of reactive power, so the total power factor will be less than 1.
[0071] Inductive load means that the load contains inductive elements. In an inductive load, when the current changes, the inductor will generate a back electromotive force (EMF), which hinders the change of current. Therefore, the current waveform will lag behind the voltage waveform by a certain angle. Since the inductor stores magnetic energy when the current changes, this part of energy is not actually consumed, but exists in the circuit in the form of reactive power, so the total power factor will be less than 1.
[0072] The calculation formula of the preset power factor and the corresponding preset power factor angle is:
[0073] φ=arccos(T),
[0074] Wherein, φ is the preset power factor angle, and T is the preset power factor.
[0075] The power factor is the ratio of actual active power (P) to apparent power (S), that is,
[0076] Assume a voltage of
[0077] A current is
[0078] Active power P is the average value of the product of voltage and current, which is
[0079] After substituting the voltage and current, we get
[0080]
[0081] After simplification, we get
[0082]
[0083] Because the average value of active power in one cycle is 0, that is, Conclusion
[0084]
[0085] Finally get
[0086] P=V m I m ·cos(φ).
[0087] The apparent power (S) is the modulus of the product of voltage and current, that is, S = V m I m , so we can get
[0088]
[0089] Finally get
[0090] φ=arccos(T).
[0091] The electronic load calculates the target current intensity of the test grid according to the preset power factor angle, preset current intensity, and actual voltage phase angle.
[0092] i=I m ·cos(θ+φ),
[0093] Where i is the target current intensity of the test grid, I m is the preset current intensity, θ is the actual voltage phase angle of the test grid, and φ is the preset power factor angle.
[0094] Assume that in an alternating current, the voltage is
[0095]
[0096] The current is
[0097] According to the above derivation, we can get
[0098]
[0099] Substituting the above formula into the alternating current
[0100]
[0101] The actual voltage phase angle is combined with the preset power factor angle to obtain
[0102] i=I m ·cos(θ+φ).
[0103] The electronic load obtains an error parameter according to the target current intensity and the actual current intensity, and obtains the control signal of the electronic load at this time, so that the error parameter at this time and the electronic load control signal at this time form a one-to-one mapping relationship, and in order to reduce the value of the error parameter, the control signal is adjusted through the PID control formula.
[0104] Specifically, the PID controller is a commonly used closed-loop control algorithm that adjusts the control signal through three parts: proportional (P), integral (I) and differential (D). The PID control formula is:
[0105]
[0106] Where, u(t) is the control signal of the electronic load,
[0107] K p is the proportional gain,
[0108] K i is the integral gain,
[0109] K d is the differential gain,
[0110] e(t) is an error parameter, that is, e(t)=i(t)-i1(t), i(t) is the target current intensity of the test grid, and i1(t) is the actual current intensity of the test grid.
[0111] After calculation by the PID control formula, the pre-adjusted control signal of the electronic load is obtained, and the PWM signal of the power electronic converter of the electronic load is adjusted accordingly, thereby changing the actual current intensity of the test grid. After continuous adjustment, the actual current intensity of the test grid gradually approaches the target current intensity of the test grid.
[0112] The electronic load obtains an error parameter according to the target current intensity and the actual current intensity, and obtains a control signal of the electronic load at this time, so that the error parameter at this time forms a one-to-one mapping relationship with the electronic load control signal at this time, and in order to reduce the value of the error parameter, the control signal is adjusted through the PR control formula.
[0113] Specifically, PR control (Proportional Resonant Control) is a control algorithm specifically used for AC systems and is suitable for situations where high-precision current control is required. The PR controller can provide high steady-state accuracy and is highly robust to changes in grid frequency. The PR control formula is
[0114]
[0115] Where, u(t) is the control signal of the electronic load,
[0116] K p is the proportional gain,
[0117] K r is the resonant gain,
[0118] is the natural frequency,
[0119] is the damping ratio,
[0120] s is the complex frequency domain variable in Laplace transform,
[0121] e(t) is an error parameter, that is, e(t)=i(t)-i1(t), i(t) is the target current intensity of the test grid, and i1(t) is the actual current intensity of the test grid.
[0122] After calculation by the PR control formula, the pre-adjusted control signal of the electronic load is obtained, and the PWM signal of the power electronic converter of the electronic load is adjusted accordingly, thereby changing the actual current intensity of the test grid. After continuous adjustment, the actual current intensity of the test grid gradually approaches the target current intensity of the test grid.
[0123] In this embodiment, the electronic load includes:
[0124] Input interface unit, connected to the power supply or battery to be tested, and introduces the power output;
[0125] Power electronic converters adjust input current according to set load characteristics to simulate different load conditions;
[0126] The control and adjustment unit adjusts the working state of the power electronic converter in real time according to the set load characteristics to ensure that the actual load meets the set value.
[0127] The electronic load also includes any one or more of the following components:
[0128] Display and operation interface, which provides an interface for users to interact with the electronic load and is used to set the characteristics of the electronic load and display the status of the electronic load;
[0129] Cooling and heat dissipation system to ensure that the internal temperature of the electronic load is not too high to avoid overheating damage;
[0130] Protect the circuit to prevent abnormal conditions and protect the electronic load from damage;
[0131] A storage unit stores externally acquired data and internally calculated data.
[0132] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. An electronic load based on power factor adjustment, characterized in that: The electronic load is connected to the test grid. The electronic load obtains the frequency and phase information of the actual voltage of the test grid. The electronic load calculates the actual voltage phase angle of the test grid based on the frequency information and phase information. The electronic load is pre-set to preset multiple preset power factors and their corresponding preset power factor angles and preset current strengths according to different requirements. The electronic load calculates the target current intensity of the test grid based on the preset power factor angle, preset current intensity, and actual voltage phase angle. The electronic load monitors the actual current intensity of the test grid and adjusts the built-in power electronic converter according to the target current intensity and the actual current intensity, so that the actual current intensity of the test grid approaches the target current intensity.
2. According to the electronic load based on power factor adjustment as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: The electronic load samples the actual voltage signal of the test grid through a voltage sensor and an analog-to-digital converter, and stores the collected actual voltage signal in the memory of the electronic load. The electronic load performs fast Fourier transform on the stored actual voltage signal to obtain the frequency information of the actual voltage of the test grid. The electronic load obtains the phase information of the actual voltage of the test grid through the phase-locked loop technology.
3. The electronic load based on power factor adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electronic load calculates the actual voltage phase angle of the test grid based on the frequency information and phase information. and Among them, θ is the actual voltage phase angle of the test grid, e is the frequency information, and u is the phase information.
4. The electronic load based on power factor adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the demand electronic load is a resistive load, the preset power factor is set to 1, and the current waveform of the electronic load is parallel to the voltage wave of the electronic load on the time axis; When the required electronic load is a capacitive load, the preset power factor is set to be less than 1, and the current waveform of the electronic load is ahead of the voltage waveform of the electronic load on the time axis; When the required electronic load is an inductive load, the preset power factor is set to be less than 1, and the current waveform of the electronic load lags behind the voltage waveform of the electronic load on the time axis.
5. The electronic load based on power factor adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the preset power factor and the corresponding preset power factor angle is φ=arccos(T), Wherein, φ is the preset power factor angle, and T is the preset power factor.
6. The electronic load based on power factor adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electronic load calculates the target current intensity of the test grid according to the preset power factor angle, preset current intensity, and actual voltage phase angle. i=I m ·cos(θ+φ), Where i is the target current intensity of the test grid, I m is the preset current intensity, θ is the actual voltage phase angle of the test grid, and φ is the preset power factor angle.
7. The electronic load based on power factor adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electronic load obtains an error parameter according to the target current intensity and the actual current intensity, and obtains the control signal of the electronic load at this time, so that the error parameter at this time and the electronic load control signal at this time form a one-to-one mapping relationship, and in order to reduce the value of the error parameter, the control signal is adjusted through the PID control formula.
8. The electronic load based on power factor adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electronic load obtains an error parameter according to the target current intensity and the actual current intensity, and obtains a control signal of the electronic load at this time, so that the error parameter at this time forms a one-to-one mapping relationship with the electronic load control signal at this time, and in order to reduce the value of the error parameter, the control signal is adjusted through the PR control formula.
9. The electronic load based on power factor adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Electronic loads include: Input interface unit, connected to the power supply or battery to be tested, and introduces the power output; Power electronic converters adjust input current according to set load characteristics to simulate different load conditions; The control and adjustment unit adjusts the working state of the power electronic converter in real time according to the set load characteristics to ensure that the actual load meets the set value.
10. The electronic load based on power factor adjustment according to claim 9, characterized in that: The electronic load also includes any one or more of the following components: Display and operation interface, which provides an interface for users to interact with the electronic load and is used to set the characteristics of the electronic load and display the status of the electronic load; Cooling and heat dissipation system to ensure that the internal temperature of the electronic load is not too high to avoid overheating damage; Protect the circuit to prevent abnormal conditions and protect the electronic load from damage; A storage unit stores externally acquired data and internally calculated data.