Antenna device and terminal equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses an antenna device, and the antenna device comprises an antenna structure which is in an irregular shape with at least two edges and corners; the antenna structure is used for generating at least two resonant frequencies; the at least two resonant frequencies are used for the antenna device to receive and / or transmit signals on at least two frequency bands. The embodiment of the invention further provides terminal equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an antenna device and a terminal equipment. Background Art

[0002] The country vigorously promotes the new energy vehicle industry, and the in-vehicle communication system will develop in the direction of multiple services. However, most of the current systems are still limited to the daily functions of in-vehicle entertainment, positioning and navigation. With the advancement of the fifth generation mobile communication technology (5G) network, convenient new technology communications such as vehicle-to-vehicle communication, wireless local area network (WLAN), mobile Internet, and intelligent sensing equipment are also receiving more and more attention.

[0003] Antennas are an important part of the vehicle system for transmission and reception, and multi-band antenna devices are particularly important. Most of the current vehicle antennas are whip-shaped or fishtail fin antennas, which have problems such as single function, small signal coverage, and short transmission distance. Summary of the invention

[0004] Embodiments of the present application provide an antenna device and a terminal device.

[0005] The technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is implemented as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna device, the antenna device comprising:

[0007] An antenna structure, wherein the shape of the antenna structure is irregular and has at least two edges and corners; the antenna structure is used to generate at least two resonant frequencies; the at least two resonant frequencies are used for the antenna device to receive and / or transmit signals in at least two frequency bands.

[0008] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a terminal device, the terminal device comprising:

[0009] An antenna device, at least two communication modules and a radio frequency transceiver module;

[0010] The antenna device is connected to the at least two communication modules respectively through feeders, and the at least two communication modules are connected to the radio frequency transceiver module respectively;

[0011] The antenna device comprises an antenna structure, wherein the shape of the antenna structure is irregular and has at least two corners; there is a point in the shape of the antenna structure at an equal distance from each corner; the antenna structure is used to generate at least two resonant frequencies; the at least two resonant frequencies are used for the antenna device to receive and / or transmit signals in at least two frequency bands;

[0012] The at least two communication modules are used for transmitting the antenna device to receive and / or transmit signals;

[0013] The radio frequency transceiver module is used to control the at least two communication modules to transmit the signal, and control the antenna device to receive and / or transmit the signal.

[0014] In the antenna device provided in the embodiment of the present application, the shape of the antenna structure included in the antenna device is irregular and has at least two angular shapes, and at least two resonant frequencies are generated by using the antenna structure. The at least two resonant frequencies enable the antenna device to receive and / or transmit signals on at least two frequency bands. In this way, multiple resonant frequencies are generated by using the irregular antenna structure with at least two angular shapes, so that the antenna device can receive and / or transmit signals on multiple frequency bands. By receiving and / or transmitting signals on multiple frequency bands through the antenna device, the vehicle can perform different business communications on different frequency bands. At the same time, when the antenna device is in a resonant state, the antenna device receives and / or transmits signals on multiple frequency bands with a wide coverage range and a long transmission distance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a vehicle network provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0016] Figure 2A An antenna device provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0017] Figure 2B Schematic diagram 2 of an antenna device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 3A An antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0019] Figure 3B Figure 2 of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 4 Schematic diagram 3 of an antenna device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 5A An antenna device provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 4 ;

[0022] Figure 5B Schematic diagram 5 of an antenna device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 6 An antenna device provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 6 ;

[0024] Figure 7 An antenna device provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 7 ;

[0025] Figure 8 A structural diagram of a terminal device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Fig. 9 A diagram of a vehicle networking system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Fig.10 A simulation result provided for the embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0028] Fig.11 FIG2 is a simulation result provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Fig.12 FIG3 is a simulation result provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Fig.13 A diagram showing the position of the antenna device provided in an embodiment of the present application attached to a vehicle body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0032] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the relevant technologies of the embodiments of the present application are described below. The following related technologies can be arbitrarily combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application as optional solutions, and they all belong to the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0033] In addition, in the embodiments of the present application, "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used for a specific order or sequence.

[0034] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing the embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0035] Here, the professional terms involved in the embodiments of the present application are first explained.

[0036] Antenna gain: Antenna gain refers to the ratio of the radiated power density of an antenna in a certain direction to the radiated power density of a reference antenna (usually an ideal radiation point source) at the same input power. The parameters that represent antenna gain are dBd and dBi. Antenna gain is used to measure the ability of an antenna to send and receive signals in a specific direction. It is one of the most important parameters for selecting an antenna. Under the same conditions, the higher the gain, the longer the distance the radio wave propagates, and the better the antenna's transmission capability.

[0037] Reflection coefficient S11: refers to the square root of the ratio of the energy reflected by the antenna to the input energy. The smaller the reflection coefficient, the better the antenna transmission performance. The larger the reflection coefficient, the more signal energy emitted by the antenna is reflected back, and the worse the antenna transmission performance.

[0038] In the embodiments described below in the present application, the performance of the antenna will be evaluated based on two parameters: antenna gain and reflection coefficient S11. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application only select two of the parameters and are not limited to them. The embodiments of the present application may also select reverse propagation coefficient S12, input impedance, directivity and other parameters to evaluate the performance of the antenna. The embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the parameters.

[0039] Antenna is a device that can effectively radiate electromagnetic waves in a certain direction in space or effectively receive electromagnetic waves from a certain direction in space; the antenna is essentially a converter that converts the guided waves propagating on the transmission line into electromagnetic waves propagating in free space (converting electrons into photons), or performs the opposite conversion. A component used to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves in radio equipment. The radio frequency signal output by the radio transmitter is transmitted to the antenna through the feeder (radio frequency cable) and radiated in the form of electromagnetic waves. After the electromagnetic wave reaches the receiving point, it is received by the antenna and sent to the radio receiver through the feeder. Generally, antennas are reversible, that is, the same antenna can be used as both a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna. The basic characteristic parameters of the same antenna as a transmitter or receiver are the same.

[0040] With the development of antenna technology, antennas are used in a very wide range of fields, such as broadcasting, television, radio communications, radar, navigation, electronic countermeasures, remote sensing, radio astronomy, and vehicle networking.

[0041] At present, the development of smart cars has higher and higher requirements for vehicle antennas. Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 It is a variety of communication services for vehicles, including in-vehicle entertainment, WLAN, mobile Internet, positioning and navigation, vehicle-to-vehicle communication, intelligent sensor equipment, Bluetooth connection, etc. With the development of the future automotive Internet, the requirements for antenna devices will increase day by day. However, at present, most of the vehicle-mounted antennas are whip-shaped or fishtail fin antennas, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2A It is a whip antenna. Figure 2B It is a fishtail fin antenna. It can be seen that the structural design of these two antennas is single, which leads to the antenna only being able to receive or transmit signals in a single frequency band, and has problems such as small signal coverage, short transmission distance, weak anti-interference ability and high cost.

[0042] In order to solve the problems existing in the related art, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna device, wherein the antenna structure included in the antenna device is irregular in shape and has at least two angular shapes, and at least two resonant frequencies are generated by using the antenna structure, and the at least two resonant frequencies enable the antenna device to receive and / or transmit signals on at least two frequency bands. In this way, multiple resonant frequencies are generated by using the irregular antenna structure with at least two angular shapes, so that the antenna device can receive and / or transmit signals on multiple frequency bands. By receiving and / or transmitting signals on multiple frequency bands through the antenna device, the vehicle can perform different business communications on different frequency bands. At the same time, when the antenna device is in a resonant state, the antenna device receives and / or transmits signals on multiple frequency bands with a wide coverage range and a long transmission distance.

[0043] The antenna device provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to any device with networking function, such as smart cars, mobile phones, computers, smart watches, wearable devices, smart devices, smart home appliances, etc.

[0044] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0045] An embodiment of the present application provides an antenna device, which includes an antenna structure, wherein the shape of the antenna structure is irregular and has at least two edges and corners; the antenna structure is used to generate at least two resonant frequencies; the at least two resonant frequencies are used for the antenna device to receive and / or transmit signals in at least two frequency bands.

[0046] In the embodiments of the present application, irregular refers to a shape that cannot be defined or named, such as a rectangle, circle, triangle, parallelogram, regular polygon, etc., which are regular shapes, and a shape composed of several different regular shapes, which are irregular shapes.

[0047] An edge refers to the sharp angle formed by the intersection of two line segments, and the degree of the angle is greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees.

[0048] In the embodiment of the present application, an irregular shape with at least two corners refers to a shape with sharp corners composed of at least two regular shapes, such as shown in FIG. 3 . Figure 3A It is an irregular shape composed of two triangles. Figure 3B Any irregular shape composed of six triangles can be used as the antenna structure in the embodiments of the present application. It should be noted that Figure 3 is an example of two antenna structures provided in the embodiments of the present application, and is not a limitation. The embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the specific shape of the antenna structure.

[0049] In the embodiment of the present application, the shape of the antenna structure is irregular and has at least two sharp corners. The side length and the number of edges and corners of the shape can be arbitrary, and the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit this.

[0050] In the embodiments of the present application, the resonant frequency refers to the frequency of the electric quantity when the circuit resonates. The resonant frequency is also called the resonance frequency. The resonant frequency often has a frequency range, and the frequency range in which the resonance occurs. When the circuit is in resonance, the current in the circuit is the largest. The higher the frequency of the signal, the wider the available bandwidth, the larger the channel capacity, and the interference between channels can be reduced or avoided. Therefore, if the antenna is in a resonant state, the radiation of the antenna is stronger.

[0051] Resonance refers to the situation that in a circuit containing capacitors and inductors, if the capacitors and inductors are connected in parallel, it may occur in a very short period of time: the voltage of the capacitor gradually increases, while the current gradually decreases; at the same time, the current of the inductor gradually increases, while the voltage of the inductor gradually decreases. In another very short period of time, the voltage of the capacitor gradually decreases, while the current gradually increases; at the same time, the current of the inductor gradually decreases, while the voltage of the inductor gradually increases. The increase in voltage can reach a positive maximum value, and the decrease in voltage can also reach a negative maximum value. Similarly, the direction of the current will also change in the positive and negative directions during this process. At this time, we call it electrical oscillation in the circuit. The circuit oscillation phenomenon may gradually disappear, or it may continue to remain unchanged. When the oscillation continues, it is called equal amplitude oscillation, also known as resonance.

[0052] In the embodiment of the present application, the resonant frequency is generated by the process of mutual conversion between electric current and electromagnetic waves, that is, the electromagnetic effect. Since the shape of the antenna structure is irregular, the distribution of current in various places may be uneven. Therefore, the irregular antenna structure will produce multiple resonant frequencies.

[0053] In the embodiments of the present application, the frequency band refers to the frequency range in which the antenna operates. Each resonant frequency corresponds to an operating frequency band, and multiple resonant frequencies correspond to multiple operating frequency bands. When the antenna device generates multiple resonant frequencies, the antenna can receive and / or transmit signals on multiple operating frequency bands. For example, the Global Positioning System (GPS), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), 5G and WLAN communication systems need to operate on different frequency bands. It should be noted that when the antenna is in a resonant state, the antenna has the strongest radiation and the strongest ability to receive and / or transmit signals. An irregular antenna device with at least two angular shapes can generate at least two resonant frequencies to obtain a multi-band multifunctional antenna, so that the antenna device can receive and / or transmit signals on multiple frequency bands.

[0054] In the antenna device provided in the embodiment of the present application, the shape of the antenna structure included in the antenna device is irregular and has at least two angular shapes, and at least two resonant frequencies are generated by using the antenna structure. The at least two resonant frequencies enable the antenna device to receive and / or transmit signals on at least two frequency bands. In this way, multiple resonant frequencies are generated by using the irregular antenna structure with at least two angular shapes, so that the antenna device can receive and / or transmit signals on multiple frequency bands. By receiving and / or transmitting signals on multiple frequency bands through the antenna device, the vehicle can perform different business communications on different frequency bands. At the same time, when the antenna device is in a resonant state, the antenna device receives and / or transmits signals on multiple frequency bands with a wide coverage range and a long transmission distance.

[0055] In the embodiment of the present application, the antenna structure can be a structure composed of a flat metal sheet such as copper, iron, aluminum, silver or other metals, or other materials with conductive properties can be selected. The antenna structure can select a material with good conductive properties and low reflection. The embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the material of the antenna.

[0056] In the embodiment of the present application, the number of the at least two resonant frequencies depends on the number of the at least two corners in the antenna structure.

[0057] In the embodiment of the present application, when the current distribution in the antenna structure is uneven, different resonant frequencies will be generated due to the electromagnetic effect. When the shape of the antenna structure is more irregular, the current distribution is more uneven, and it is easier to generate multiple resonances. In other words, the more edges and corners the antenna structure has and the more irregular the shape is, the easier it is to generate multiple resonances and obtain multiple resonant frequencies. The more edges and corners the antenna structure has, the more resonant frequencies it generates, and the fewer edges and corners the antenna structure has, the fewer resonant frequencies it generates.

[0058] In an embodiment of the present application, the number of resonant frequencies is determined by the number of corners in the antenna structure, thereby determining the number of operating frequency bands of the antenna. In this way, the number of operating frequency bands of the antenna can be determined by changing the number of corners in the antenna structure, so that the antenna can operate only on the required frequency band according to actual needs, thereby avoiding unnecessary frequency bands interfering with the antenna's reception and / or transmission of signals on the required frequency band.

[0059] In an embodiment of the present application, the size of the center frequency of each of the at least two resonant frequencies is related to the distance from the center point of the antenna structure to each corner; the distance from the center point of the antenna structure to each corner is equal, wherein, as the size of the center frequency of each resonant frequency changes with the distance, the interval between any two adjacent center frequencies remains unchanged.

[0060] In the embodiment of the present application, the center point of the antenna structure refers to a point where each corner is equidistant from the center point, such as Figure 3A The distances from the midpoint of the base to the two corners are equal, and the midpoint of the base is Figure 3A The center point of the antenna structure, Figure 3B The distances from the middle point of the hexagonal star to the six corners are equal, and the middle point is Figure 3B The center point of the antenna structure.

[0061] In the embodiment of the present application, the resonant frequency is also called the resonance frequency, which has a frequency range, the frequency range in which resonance occurs, and the center frequency refers to the frequency corresponding to the strongest point of resonance.

[0062] In the embodiment of the present application, after the antenna structure generates at least two resonant frequencies, each of the at least two resonant frequencies has a strongest frequency point, namely, a center frequency. There is a certain difference between the magnitudes of every two adjacent center frequencies, that is, there is a gap between every two adjacent center frequencies.

[0063] In an embodiment of the present application, the size of the center frequency of each of the at least two resonant frequencies is related to the distance from the center point of the antenna structure to each corner. When the distance from the center to each corner changes, the size of the center frequency of each resonant frequency will also change accordingly, and the center frequency of each of the at least two resonant frequencies will uniformly decrease or increase, ensuring that during the change of the center frequency of each resonant frequency, the interval between the center frequencies of any two adjacent resonant frequencies remains unchanged.

[0064] In the embodiments of the present application, different resonant frequencies correspond to different frequency bands. When the shape of the antenna structure produces at least two resonant frequencies and the number of resonant frequencies is determined, the center frequency of each resonant frequency is changed by changing the distance from the center point to each corner, thereby ensuring that the antenna is always at the center frequency with the strongest resonance, so that the antenna has the best performance in receiving and / or transmitting signals in multiple frequency bands.

[0065] In an embodiment of the present application, the irregular shape with at least two corners includes: a hexagonal star shape, and the hexagonal star shape is used to generate four resonant frequencies.

[0066] In the embodiment of the present application, the shape of the antenna structure is irregular and has at least two edges and corners, but for the multi-band functional antenna obtained by the specific shape of the antenna structure, it is necessary to simulate the antenna performance results through the High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) simulation software.

[0067] In the embodiments of this application, reference Figure 3B The shape of the antenna structure is designed into a hexagonal star shape. The hexagonal star-shaped antenna is simulated by HFSS simulation software to obtain four resonant frequencies, and the center frequencies of the four resonant frequencies are 1.16GHZ, 2.41GHZ, 3.54GHZ, and 5.17GHZ respectively.

[0068] In an embodiment of the present application, the hexagonal star-shaped antenna structure can generate four resonant frequencies. By exciting the four resonant frequencies, the antenna can operate on four frequency bands. GPS wireless communication services can be performed on the first frequency band, Wi-Fi wireless communication services can be performed on the second frequency band, 5G wireless communication services can be performed on the third frequency band, and WLAN wireless communication services can be performed on the fourth frequency band.

[0069] In the embodiment of the present application, the hexagonal star-shaped antenna structure generates four resonant frequencies to obtain a four-band antenna, so that the antenna can perform four wireless communication services, namely GPS, Wi-Fi, 5G, and WLAN, in the first frequency band 0.94-1.2 GHZ, the second frequency band 2.23-2.43 GHZ, the third frequency band 3.58-3.74 GHZ, and the fourth frequency band 4.93-5.29 GHZ, respectively, without interfering with each other. An irregular antenna structure with at least two edges is designed according to the needs of the vehicle to obtain a multi-band antenna, which enables the vehicle to perform multiple communication services without interfering with each other.

[0070] It should be noted here that, for better understanding, a hexagonal star-shaped antenna structure is used for detailed explanation in the following embodiments, but the antenna structure is not limited.

[0071] In an embodiment of the present application, the antenna device further includes: a feeding structure;

[0072] Any corner of the antenna structure is connected to the first end of the feeding structure, and the second end of the feeding structure is connected to the power supply circuit;

[0073] The feeding structure is used to input a feeding voltage to the antenna device based on the power supply circuit.

[0074] In the embodiments of this application, reference Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 is a connection structure between the antenna structure 1 and the feeding structure 2, Figure 4 The lower corners of the hexagonal star-shaped antenna structure 1 are connected to the feeding structure 2 , wherein the distance from the midpoint of the hexagonal star-shaped antenna structure to each corner is r, and the length of the feeding structure is d.

[0075] In the embodiment of the present application, feeding refers to supplying electrical energy and power. The feeding structure is essentially a microstrip antenna, which is connected to a feeder in a power supply circuit. A feeder refers to a connecting line that can transmit the signal power emitted by a transmitter to the input end of a transmitting antenna with minimal loss, or transmit the signal received by an antenna to the input end of a receiver with minimal loss. The wireless signal received or emitted by the antenna device is transmitted in the feeder.

[0076] In the embodiment of the present application, the feeding structure may use an edge feeding excitation method, an embedded feeding excitation method, or any excitation method such as a 1 / 4 impedance transformation segment excitation method. The embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the excitation method used by the feeding structure.

[0077] In the embodiment of the present application, the power supply circuit refers to a circuit that provides voltage to the antenna. The antenna requires the interaction between current and electromagnetic waves to produce electromagnetic effects and obtain harmonic frequencies. Therefore, the microstrip antenna in the feeding structure is connected to the power supply circuit through a feeder line, so that the power supply circuit inputs a feeding voltage to the antenna device, so that the antenna device can better reflect the radio frequency from the feeder line in the form of electromagnetic waves.

[0078] In an embodiment of the present application, the antenna device further includes: a circuit board;

[0079] The at least two corners of the antenna structure are located on the same surface; and a plane formed by the feeding structure and the at least two corners is located on the first surface of the circuit board.

[0080] In the embodiment of the present application, referring to FIG5 , the circuit board 3 in FIG5 is a three-dimensional structure having an X-axis, a Y-axis, and a Z-axis. Figure 5AIt is a top view of the connection structure of the circuit board 3, the antenna structure 1, and the feeding structure 2. All the edges and corners of the antenna structure 1 are located on the same surface. The plane formed by all the edges and corners of the antenna structure 1 and the feeding structure 2 are located on the first surface of the circuit board 3. The first surface is the upper surface of the circuit board 3, wherein the side lengths of the first surface of the circuit board are a and b. Figure 5B is a side view of the connection structure between the circuit board 3, the antenna structure 1, and the feeding structure 2. The thickness of the circuit board is h. Figure 5B The shaded parts in the figure are antenna structure 1 and feeding structure 2. Figure 5B The side where the shaded portion is located corresponds to the first surface of the circuit board 3 .

[0081] In the embodiment of the present application, the circuit board refers to a printed circuit board (PCB). The substrate material of the circuit board needs to achieve high-speed and high-frequency performance. Circuit boards of different materials have an inductive coefficient. The lower the inductive coefficient, the faster the signal propagates. Different substrate materials have different inductive coefficients and different conductive properties.

[0082] In the embodiment of the present application, the antenna device also includes a circuit board, which is essentially a dielectric substrate and is the supporting and fixing part of the antenna. The main function of the dielectric substrate is to provide a stable platform so that the antenna can maintain the correct position and direction. The material and performance of the dielectric substrate have an important influence on the performance of the antenna.

[0083] In the embodiments of the present application, the circuit board is generally a very thin substrate, and the first surface of the circuit board refers to the surface with the largest area in the circuit board. For example, when the circuit board is a rectangular parallelepiped or a cube, the surface where the largest rectangle is located is the first surface.

[0084] In the application embodiment, the first surface of the circuit board can be rectangular, circular, or any other polygonal shape. The embodiment of the application does not specifically limit the shape of the first surface of the circuit board.

[0085] In the embodiment of the present application, by placing the plane formed by all the edges and corners of the antenna structure and the feeding structure on the same surface, a good platform is provided for the antenna, so that the antenna maintains the correct position and direction, thereby ensuring that the antenna device can better work in the set direction and ensuring the directional accuracy of the antenna device receiving and / or transmitting signals.

[0086] In the embodiments of the present application, the circuit board should have the following characteristics: low loss. The material of the circuit board should have the characteristic of low loss to minimize signal attenuation and distortion and improve the transmission efficiency and quality of the antenna; high stability. The material of the circuit board should have the characteristic of high stability to ensure that the performance and quality of the antenna will not be affected by environmental changes; good mechanical properties: The material of the circuit board should have good mechanical properties to ensure the stability and reliability of the antenna. Here, the material of the circuit board provided in the embodiments of the present application includes but is not limited to materials with low loss, high stability and good mechanical properties. The embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the material of the circuit board.

[0087] In an embodiment of the present application, the circuit board is a flexible circuit board, wherein the flexible circuit board does not affect the performance of the antenna device in transmitting and / or receiving signals when in a bent state.

[0088] In the embodiments of the present application, a flexible printed circuit board refers to a relatively soft printed circuit board that will deform under the action of an external force. In practical applications, the printed circuit board is bent according to actual conditions without affecting the performance of the antenna device in receiving and / or transmitting signals.

[0089] In the embodiment of the present application, the board material of the flexible circuit board used can be Rogers RT / duriod5880. The extremely low dielectric constant of Rogers RT / duriod5880 laminate is uniform in different panels and constant in a wide frequency range. It is easy to cut, shear and machine. The dielectric constant of Rogers RT / duriod5880 is ε=2.2, θ=0.0009, which has good conductivity and can be bent at will. It solves the defect that traditional antennas cannot conform to the shape, and can be installed conformally with the car body, which improves the beauty of the car box layout while ensuring performance.

[0090] In the embodiment of the present application, by using a flexible printed circuit board, the circuit board is bent according to actual needs, so that it can fit perfectly with the vehicle without affecting the working performance of the antenna device, thereby improving the appearance of the vehicle and ensuring performance.

[0091] In the embodiment of the present application, the antenna device further includes: a grounding structure;

[0092] The grounding structure, the antenna structure, and the feeding structure are located on the first surface of the circuit board, and the grounding structure is located at any position on the first surface except the antenna structure and the feeding structure;

[0093] The grounding structure is used to suppress interference noise that affects the reception and / or transmission of signals by the antenna device.

[0094] In the embodiment of the present application, the grounding structure is generally a thin sheet. Figure 6 , Figure 6 It is a connection structure diagram of the grounding structure 4 and the circuit board 3, the antenna structure 1, and the feeding structure 2. The grounding structure 4 and the antenna structure 1 and the feeding structure 2 are located on the first surface of the circuit board 3. The grounding structure 4 is located at any position on the first surface except the antenna structure 1 and the feeding structure 2, wherein the side length of the grounding structure 4 is c.

[0095] In the embodiments of the present application, Figure 6 The position, quantity and shape of the grounding structure are only one embodiment and are not intended to be limiting.

[0096] In the embodiment of the present application, the grounding structure refers to the signal ground line of the circuit, which is not necessarily connected to the earth and will not generate a resonant frequency. The grounding structure has a shielding effect. When the grounding structure is well grounded, it will be a good shielding layer in the RF antenna. When using RF, if you do not want to be radiated by RF in a certain direction, you can use the grounding structure to shield the RF in a certain direction.

[0097] In an embodiment of the present application, the grounding structure includes at least one subunit;

[0098] Each of the at least one subunit includes a region with a hollowed-out shape as a groove.

[0099] In the embodiments of this application, reference Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 The middle grounding structure 4 includes at least one subunit 41 , and the subunit 41 includes a region 411 with a hollow shape as a groove.

[0100] Exemplarily, the groove-shaped area may be in the shape of a barbell, the sides of the two rectangles of the barbell-shaped groove are e and g, and the sides of the rectangle of the middle connecting portion are w and g-2f.

[0101] In the embodiment of this application, Figure 7 The number, shape and position of the neutron units are just one implementation method and are not specifically limited thereto.

[0102] In an embodiment of the present application, the surface with the largest area of ​​the grounding structure is bonded to the surface of the circuit board. The grounding structure includes at least one sub-unit, and each sub-unit includes an area with a hollow shape in the middle as a groove. It can be understood that a groove shape is dug in the middle area of ​​each sub-unit of the grounding structure, and this groove shape penetrates the grounding structure but does not pass through the circuit board.

[0103] In an embodiment of the present application, a groove is dug in the middle area of ​​each sub-unit in the grounding structure so that the electromagnetic field generates eddy currents in the grounding structure to act as a shield, thereby obtaining out-of-bandwidth suppression performance, suppressing external interference noise in the mid- and high-frequency bands, and preventing interference noise from affecting the performance of the antenna device in receiving and / or transmitting signals, thereby solving the problem of weak anti-interference ability of traditional antennas.

[0104] In the embodiment of the present application, the shape of the middle groove can be a barbell shape, referring to Figure 7 The blank part in the middle grounding structure 4 and the conductors in the grounding structure will weaken the electrostatic coupling between the conductors. Therefore, the grounding structure has a shielding effect and can suppress the interference noise generated by external medium and high frequencies.

[0105] In the embodiment of the present application, the hollow shape in the middle of the subunit can be a groove of any shape, in addition to a barbell-shaped groove, it can also be a circular groove. The embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the shape of the groove.

[0106] In the embodiment of the present application, the at least one subunit includes: a first subunit and a second subunit;

[0107] The first subunit and the second subunit are respectively located at two sides of the feeding structure.

[0108] In the embodiment of the present application, at least one subunit includes a first subunit and a second subunit, that is, the grounding structure includes the first subunit and the second subunit, and the first subunit and the second subunit are respectively located on both sides of the feeding structure.

[0109] In an embodiment of the present application, by placing the first subunit and the second subunit on both sides of the feeding structure respectively, the grounding structure can better obtain out-of-bandwidth suppression performance, suppress external interference noise in the mid- and high-frequency bands, and prevent the interference noise from affecting the performance of the antenna device receiving and / or transmitting signals.

[0110] In the embodiment of the present application, the first subunit and the second subunit are symmetrical with the feeding structure as the center axis.

[0111] In the embodiment of the present application, the first subunit and the second subunit are symmetrical with the feeding structure as the center axis.

[0112] In the embodiments of this application, reference Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 The neutron unit 41 includes a first subunit and a second subunit. The first subunit and the second subunit are respectively located on two sides of the feeding structure 2 and are symmetrical with the feeding structure 2 as the center axis.

[0113] In an embodiment of the present application, the first subunit and the second unit are symmetrically located on both sides of the feeder structure, so that the grounding structure can suppress interference noise in all directions in an all-round and balanced manner, prevent part of the interference noise from being missed, and thus affect the antenna device receiving and / or transmitting signals on multiple frequency bands.

[0114] Exemplary, reference Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 The complete antenna device provided by the embodiment of the present application includes an antenna structure 1. The antenna structure 1 is in the shape of a hexagonal star. The plane formed by the six corners is located on the circuit board 3. The distance from the center point of the hexagonal star to each corner is r. Figure 7 The rectangle with side lengths a and b is a flexible circuit board, and the thickness of the flexible circuit board is h. One of the corners of the hexagonal star is connected to the feed structure 2. The plane formed by the antenna structure 1 and the feed structure 2 are located on the flexible circuit board 3. The length of the feed structure 2 is d. The two shaded rectangles are ground structures 4, which are located on both sides of the feed structure 2 and are symmetrical with the feed structure 2 as the center axis. The blank part in the middle of the shaded rectangle is a barbell-shaped groove, as shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown, the side lengths of the two rectangles of the barbell-shaped groove are e and g, and the side lengths of the rectangle of the middle connecting part are w and g-2f.

[0115] In the embodiments of this application, reference Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 A terminal device, comprising: an antenna device 801, at least two communication modules 802 and a radio frequency transceiver module 803;

[0116] The antenna device 801 is connected to the at least two communication modules 802 respectively through feeders, and the at least two communication modules 802 are connected to the radio frequency transceiver module 803 respectively;

[0117] The antenna device 801 comprises an antenna structure, wherein the shape of the antenna structure is irregular and has at least two corners; the shape of the antenna structure has a point at which the distances to each corner are equal; the antenna structure is used to generate at least two resonant frequencies; the at least two resonant frequencies are used for the antenna device to receive and / or transmit signals in at least two frequency bands;

[0118] The at least two communication modules 802 are used for transmitting the antenna device to receive and / or transmit signals;

[0119] The radio frequency transceiver module 803 is used to control the at least two communication modules to transmit the signal, and control the antenna device to receive and / or transmit the signal.

[0120] Next, an embodiment of the present application provides an application of an antenna device in a practical scenario.

[0121] The embodiment of the present application designs a miniaturized flexible quad-band antenna for use in the Internet of Vehicles communication system, which is used in the Internet of Vehicles system built into the car. The car computer has a built-in set of mature RF transceiver front-ends, including short-range and cellular RF modules, and the feeder is connected to the new antenna of this design. In daily use of the car computer (navigation, Internet access, watching videos, etc.), the car computer system controls the operation of the corresponding modules of the RF front end, and the antenna of this design acts as the eyes and ears to transmit and receive to achieve the above functions. Fig. 9 The vehicle networking system shown includes a vehicle central control system, which performs cellular communication, WIFI communication, hotspot sharing, GPS navigation and other services through a network connection. When the car performs communication services, the vehicle central control system controls the radio frequency transceiver to receive / transmit signals to the corresponding communication modules such as WIFI / GPS communication modules, cellular communication modules, etc. The communication module transmits signals to the antenna device through a feeder, and the antenna device sends signals to the base station, or the antenna device receives signals sent by the base station.

[0122] In this application scenario, the antenna device is Figure 7 As shown, a hexagonal star-shaped antenna structure is attached to the flexible circuit board, one corner of the antenna structure is connected to the feeding structure, the feeding structure is connected to the feeder line in the power supply circuit, there are symmetrical metal sheets on both sides of the feeding structure, and two barbell-shaped grooves are dug out in the middle of the two metal sheets.

[0123] The hexagonal star antenna structure in the embodiment of the present application obtains four resonant modes based on the multimode effect. It can be understood that the four resonant modes will have four resonant frequencies. The microstrip feeding method is used to obtain four working frequency bands. The four resonant frequencies obtained by HFSS two-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software are 1.2GHZ, 2.4GHZ, 3.5GHZ, and 5.2GHZ, respectively. The gains at the four frequencies are 4.70dBi, 5.72dBi, 2.07dBi, and 3.60dBi, respectively. Gain refers to the maximum transmission capacity of the antenna. The greater the gain, the better the performance. It can be seen that the four gains can meet the needs of high-quality communication. Fig.10 As shown, Fig.10 The S11 diagram of the four frequency bands obtained by HFSS simulation software. S11 refers to the reflection coefficient of the antenna. The smaller the reflection coefficient, the greater the radiation of the antenna and the better the performance. Fig.10 The horizontal axis is the frequency, and the vertical axis is the S11 reflection coefficient. Fig.10There are 4 center frequencies of resonant frequencies, m1 is 1.42GHZ, m2 is 2.45GHZ, m3 is 3.60GHZ, and m4 is 5.20GHZ, and the corresponding reflection coefficients are -24.98dbm, -19.75dbm, -27.88dbm, and -30.07dbm, respectively. At the four frequencies of m1, m2, m3, and m4, the reflection coefficients are relatively small. It can be seen from the simulation software that the antenna structure designed in the embodiment of the present application can meet the needs of high-quality communication, with a small reflection coefficient and strong transmission capability.

[0124] refer to Fig.11 As shown, Fig.11 To select the antenna omnidirectional gain diagram working in the N78 working frequency band in the 5G standalone network (StandAlone, SA), Fig.11 The GainTotal on the left represents the gain in dB. From the gain data, we can see that the best gain is 6.6070e+000dB and the worst is -8.4313e+001. Fig.11 The graph on the right side of the middle is approximately spherical. The closer the graph is to a sphere, the greater the gain of the antenna in all directions, and the better the working performance of the antenna in all directions.

[0125] In the antenna device provided in the embodiment of the present application, the ground layer is designed to be a defective ground structure, that is, a barbell-shaped groove is dug in the middle of the metal ground, and the barbell-shaped groove is simulated by the Advanced Design System (ADS) to obtain the performance of suppressing the high stop band, and by continuously adjusting the side length of the barbell shape, a high stop band suppression model with the best performance is obtained, which is then placed in the antenna design to achieve the effect of suppressing out-of-band noise.

[0126] In the embodiment of the present application, the high-stop band suppression model is placed after the antenna device, and the out-of-band noise suppression level is obtained by HFSS two-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software. Fig.12 As shown: Fig.12 The horizontal axis is the frequency, and the vertical axis is the reflection coefficient S11. Fig.12 Among them, m1 is 1.42GHZ, m2 is 2.45GHZ, m3 is 3.60GHZ, m4 is 5.20GHZ, and m5 is 7.72GHZ. The corresponding reflection coefficients at the five frequencies are -35.3605dbm, -20.4357dbm, -21.8807dbm, -18.7241dbm, and -4.3151dbm. Fig.12It can be seen that in the frequency band of 5.8GHZ-10GHZ and above, high-order frequency suppression is generated, and the reflection coefficient S11 meets the suppression of more than -5dbm, which can effectively reduce the interference of meteorological observation radars and personal LAN and other communication systems along the driving line to its communication, and ensure the communication quality of the entire locomotive system.

[0127] In the embodiment of the present application, after the antenna design is completed and the designed antenna is simulated and verified to have good working performance, the antenna is attached to the car shell and the electromagnetic simulation software FEKO is used to perform a communication performance simulation test of the entire locomotive system. Fig.13 As shown, Fig.13 The antenna is attached to a specific location on the vehicle body - the roof. The antenna can be attached to any location on the vehicle body, but in real life, the antenna is placed on the roof of the vehicle to receive and / or transmit signals best. The circuit board uses Rogers flexible special board, which can be bent under the action of external force without affecting the performance of the antenna receiving and / or transmitting signals. At the same time, it can fit the vehicle body well to achieve a perfect appearance and avoid the protruding antenna from the vehicle body from appearing abrupt.

[0128] The antenna device provided in the embodiment of the present application is relatively small. Compared with the traditional fishtail fin antenna, an irregular and angular shape structure can be designed to enable the antenna to work in multiple frequency bands and realize multiple communication services. By designing the ground layer in the antenna device as a defective ground structure, external interference noise in the medium and high frequency bands can be suppressed, strong anti-interference is achieved, and the influence on the antenna receiving and / or transmitting signals is avoided, thereby ensuring the communication quality of the Internet of Vehicles. By using a flexible circuit board material, the antenna can be easily attached and installed, and can be conformal to the vehicle body without affecting the appearance.

[0129] The antenna device provided in the embodiment of the present application has an irregular antenna structure with at least two edges and corners. The antenna structure is used to generate multiple resonant frequencies, and a quad-band antenna is obtained through a microstrip feeding method. Signals can be received and / or transmitted on four frequency bands without interfering with each other. Only one antenna is needed to perform four communication services, thereby solving the problem of high antenna costs.

[0130] Based on this, the flexible multi-band antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application has a high application value in the automotive Internet industry. At present, relatively speaking, there is no flexible antenna used in automotive vehicle communications. As long as the current mature transceiver front end is combined and built to form a complete vehicle communication system, it will have great potential.

[0131] It should be understood that "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" mentioned throughout the specification means that specific features, structures or characteristics related to the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" appearing throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, these specific features, structures or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner. It should be understood that in various embodiments of the present application, the size of the sequence number of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application. The above-mentioned sequence numbers of the embodiments of the present application are only for description and do not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0132] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0133] The above is only an implementation method of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An antenna device, characterized in that: include: The antenna device comprises: an antenna structure, which is irregular in shape and has at least two corners; the antenna structure is used to generate at least two resonant frequencies; the at least two resonant frequencies are used for the antenna device to receive and / or transmit signals in at least two frequency bands.

2. The antenna device according to claim 1, characterized in that The number of the at least two resonant frequencies depends on the number of the at least two corners in the antenna structure.

3. The antenna device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The size of the center frequency of each of the at least two resonant frequencies is related to the distance from the center point of the antenna structure to each corner; the distance from the center point of the antenna structure to each corner is equal, wherein the size of the center frequency of each resonant frequency changes with the distance, and the interval between any two adjacent center frequencies remains unchanged.

4. The antenna device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The irregular shape with at least two corners includes a hexagonal star shape, and the hexagonal star shape is used to generate four resonant frequencies.

5. The antenna device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The antenna device further comprises: a feeding structure; Any corner of the antenna structure is connected to the first end of the feeding structure, and the second end of the feeding structure is connected to the power supply circuit; The feeding structure is used to input a feeding voltage to the antenna device based on the power supply circuit.

6. The antenna device according to claim 5, characterized in that The antenna device further includes: a circuit board; The at least two corners of the antenna structure are located on the same surface; and a plane formed by the feeding structure and the at least two corners is located on the first surface of the circuit board.

7. The antenna device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The antenna device further includes: a grounding structure; The grounding structure, the antenna structure, and the feeding structure are located on the first surface of the circuit board, and the grounding structure is located at any position on the first surface except the antenna structure and the feeding structure; The grounding structure is used to suppress interference noise that affects the reception and / or transmission of signals by the antenna device.

8. The antenna device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The grounding structure includes at least one subunit; Each of the at least one subunit includes a region with a hollowed-out shape as a groove.

9. The antenna device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The at least one subunit comprises: a first subunit and a second subunit; The first subunit and the second subunit are respectively located at two sides of the feeding structure. 10 . The antenna device according to claim 9 , wherein the first subunit and the second subunit are symmetrical with respect to the feeding structure as a center axis.

11. The antenna device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The circuit board is a flexible circuit board, wherein the flexible circuit board does not affect the performance of the antenna device in transmitting and / or receiving signals when in a bent state.

12. A terminal device, characterized in that: The terminal device comprises: an antenna device, at least two communication modules and a radio frequency transceiver module; The antenna device is connected to the at least two communication modules respectively through feeders, and the at least two communication modules are connected to the radio frequency transceiver module respectively; The antenna device comprises an antenna structure, wherein the shape of the antenna structure is irregular and has at least two corners; there is a point in the shape of the antenna structure at an equal distance from each corner; the antenna structure is used to generate at least two resonant frequencies; the at least two resonant frequencies are used for the antenna device to receive and / or transmit signals in at least two frequency bands; The at least two communication modules are used for transmitting the antenna device to receive and / or transmit signals; The radio frequency transceiver module is used to control the at least two communication modules to transmit the signal, and control the antenna device to receive and / or transmit the signal.

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