Reflection phase control electromagnetic structure based on curved surface conformal and design method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a curved surface conformal reflection phase control electromagnetic structure, which comprises a curved surface microstrip antenna radiator, an electromagnetic phase control material and a metal bottom plate, and is characterized in that the curved surface microstrip antenna radiator is of a curved surface back-to-back double-C-shaped ring radiation structure and comprises a printed board substrate and a printed circuit; the printed board substrate is a flexible medium and is used for bending the semicircle curvature; the printed circuit comprises two back-to-back C-shaped ring circuits and is used for realizing radiation of electromagnetic waves through interaction of electric fields; the electromagnetic phase control material comprises four metal sheets of the same specification, each metal sheet is provided with four L-shaped grooves and a square groove, the square groove is located in the middle of the metal sheet, and the four L-shaped grooves surround the square groove and are in central symmetry; and the metal bottom plate is a curved pure metal reflecting plate. By applying the electromagnetic structure, bidirectional radiation is superposed into unidirectional radiation in an equal-phase manner by controlling the radiator, and the low profile of the curved surface conformal antenna is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a reflection phase control electromagnetic structure based on curved surface conformality and a design method. Background Art

[0002] With the development trend of miniaturization and integration of electronic equipment, conformal and planar design of antennas are the hot topics in antenna design research. Especially in unmanned small platforms or missile-borne platforms, antennas need to meet multiple requirements such as planarization, conformal, and miniaturization. Therefore, studying planarized curved conformal structures to achieve miniaturized antenna design has very broad application value.

[0003] At present, the main methods for realizing antenna reflection phase control through special electromagnetic structures are: using periodic electromagnetic metamaterial units to realize transmission phase control. On the one hand, the mushroom-shaped planar metamaterial 8×8 periodic structure is used to realize the low-profile design of the antenna, reducing the antenna profile to 1 / 8 of the working frequency wavelength within a relative bandwidth of 20.5%; on the other hand, starting from the in-phase reflection mechanism and design method of the artificial magnetic conductor structure, a zigzag-line loaded mushroom-shaped 8×8 periodic AMC structure is designed to reduce the antenna profile height to 0.1 wavelength; on the other hand, a 6×6 dielectric patch structure is used to realize a low-profile design within a bandwidth of 44.7%, with a height of 0.12 times the center frequency wavelength. It can be seen that there are two problems to be solved in the current low-profile antenna design method: on the one hand, the current low-profile antenna needs to use a periodic structure to achieve phase control, and generally a period of at least 8×8 or 6×6 is required to achieve it. Such a periodic electromagnetic structure will be much larger than the size of the antenna body, resulting in overall miniaturization design difficulties; on the other hand, the current low-profile electromagnetic structures are all planar in form, and are not sufficiently compatible with the installation platform. Under conditions where curved or ring-shaped installations are required, the planar structure cannot meet current usage requirements.

[0004] In view of this, how to provide a reflection phase control electromagnetic structure to effectively solve the low-profile technology of curved conformal antennas has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present application provide a reflection phase control electromagnetic structure based on curved surface conformality and a design method of a reflection phase control electromagnetic structure based on curved surface conformality, which are used to solve the problem of low profile of existing curved surface conformal antennas.

[0006] In a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a reflection phase control electromagnetic structure based on curved surface conformality is provided, comprising: a curved surface microstrip antenna radiator, an electromagnetic phase control material and a metal base plate, wherein the curved surface microstrip antenna radiator is a double C-shaped ring radiation structure with back-to-back curved surfaces, comprising a printed circuit board substrate and a printed circuit, wherein the printed circuit board substrate is a flexible medium for bending a semicircular arc curvature; the printed circuit comprises two back-to-back C-shaped ring circuits for controlling the radiation of electromagnetic waves through the interaction of electric fields, and superimposing bidirectional radiation into unidirectional radiation;

[0007] The electromagnetic phase control material comprises four metal sheets of the same specifications, each of the metal sheets is provided with four L-shaped grooves and one square groove, the square groove is located in the middle of the metal sheet, and the four L-shaped grooves are symmetrical around the square groove;

[0008] The metal bottom plate is a curved pure metal reflective plate.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, the curved microstrip antenna radiator is in the form of a curved printed circuit board.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the printed circuit includes a first C-shaped ring circuit and a second C-shaped ring circuit, the first C-shaped ring circuit and the second C-shaped ring circuit are arranged back to back, wherein the first C-shaped ring circuit is a feeding ring directly connected to the coaxial cable; the second C-shaped ring circuit is a coupling ring.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the metal sheets are square arc-shaped structures, are placed in two rows and two columns at equal intervals, and are spaced apart from each other without any interconnection structure.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, the corners between the L-shaped grooves are outward and are arranged on each of the metal sheets in a centrally symmetrical and equidistant manner, wherein the corresponding lengths and widths of each of the L-shaped grooves are consistent.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the total cross-sectional height of the reflective phase control electromagnetic structure is less than 27 mm.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, the reflective phase control electromagnetic structure is a curved surface structure.

[0015] In a second aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a design method for a reflective phase control electromagnetic structure based on a curved surface conformal is provided, comprising:

[0016] The electromagnetic waves are bidirectionally radiated into space through a curved microstrip antenna radiator, wherein the electromagnetic waves radiated by the curved microstrip antenna radiator include an upwardly radiated uplink electromagnetic wave corresponding to a first C-shaped ring circuit of the printed circuit and a downwardly radiated downlink electromagnetic wave corresponding to a second C-shaped ring circuit;

[0017] Phase-modulating the uplink electromagnetic wave by an electromagnetic phase control material to obtain a reflected electromagnetic wave;

[0018] By superimposing the uplink electromagnetic wave and the reflected electromagnetic wave, the bidirectional radiation is superimposed into unidirectional radiation, thereby obtaining a reflection phase control electromagnetic structure based on the commonality of the curved surface.

[0019] The present application provides a reflection phase control electromagnetic structure based on curved surface conformality, comprising: a curved microstrip antenna radiator, an electromagnetic phase control material and a metal base plate, wherein the curved microstrip antenna radiator is a double C-shaped ring radiation structure with back-to-back curved surfaces, comprising a printed circuit board substrate and a printed circuit, wherein the printed circuit board substrate is a flexible medium for bending a semicircular arc curvature; the printed circuit comprises two back-to-back C-shaped ring circuits for realizing electromagnetic wave radiation through the interaction of electric fields; the electromagnetic phase control material comprises four metal sheets of the same specifications, each of the metal sheets is respectively provided with four L-shaped grooves and one square groove, the square groove is located in the middle of the metal sheet, and the four L-shaped grooves are centrally symmetrical around the square groove; the metal base plate is a curved pure metal reflector.

[0020] The application of the curved surface conformal reflection phase control electromagnetic structure provided in the embodiment of the present application effectively solves the low profile problem of the curved surface conformal antenna. The device consists of back-to-back C-shaped ring microstrip radiators, four pieces of electromagnetic phase control materials with L-shaped grooves and square grooves, and a metal curved bottom plate. The electromagnetic structure controls the phase of the electromagnetic waves radiated bidirectionally by the radiator, superimposes the bidirectional radiation into unidirectional radiation and achieves high efficiency. The antenna achieves a relative bandwidth of 25% within the operating frequency band, and the overall profile height of the device is 1 / 10 of the wavelength of the operating frequency.

[0021] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, which can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification, and in order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present application. Also, the same reference symbols are used throughout the accompanying drawings to represent the same components. In the accompanying drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic side view of a reflective phase control electromagnetic structure based on curved surface conformality provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic top view of a reflective phase control electromagnetic structure based on curved surface conformality provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a curved microstrip antenna radiator in a curved surface conformal reflection phase control electromagnetic structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electromagnetic phase control material in a reflective phase control electromagnetic structure based on curved surface conformality provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of simulation results of the variation of voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) with frequency in a reflection phase control electromagnetic structure based on curved surface conformal provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 6 Azimuth plane of simulation results of far-field radiation patterns of a reflection phase-controlled electromagnetic structure based on a curved surface conformal at 0.96, 1.092, and 1.224 GHz provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 7 The far-field radiation pattern simulation results of a reflection phase control electromagnetic structure based on a curved surface conformal at 0.96, 1.092, and 1.224 GHz are provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 8 A schematic flow chart of a design method for a reflective phase-controlled electromagnetic structure based on curved surface conformality provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Among them, there are curved microstrip antenna radiator-1, electromagnetic phase control material-2, metal base plate-3, printed circuit board substrate-11, printed circuit board-12, metal sheet-21, L-shaped slot-22, and square slot-23. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0033] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 A schematic side view of a reflective phase control electromagnetic structure based on curved surface conformality provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2A schematic top view of a reflective phase control electromagnetic structure based on curved surface conformality provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the curved surface conformal based reflection phase control electromagnetic structure comprises: a curved surface microstrip antenna radiator 1, an electromagnetic phase control material 2 and a metal base plate 3.

[0034] The curved microstrip antenna radiator 1 is a double C-shaped ring radiation structure with back-to-back curved surfaces, including a printed circuit board substrate 11 and a printed circuit 12. The printed circuit board substrate 11 is a flexible medium with a certain physical ductility and can be bent into a semicircular arc with a diameter of 139 mm; the printed circuit 12 includes two back-to-back C-shaped ring circuits, which are used to control the radiation of electromagnetic waves through the interaction of electric fields, and superimpose bidirectional radiation into unidirectional radiation. Figure 3 , Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a curved microstrip antenna radiator in a curved surface conformal reflection phase controlled electromagnetic structure provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0035] In the embodiment of the present application, the curved microstrip antenna radiator is in the form of a curved printed circuit board.

[0036] In an embodiment of the present application, the printed circuit includes a first C-shaped ring circuit and a second C-shaped ring circuit, and the first C-shaped ring circuit and the second C-shaped ring circuit are arranged back to back, wherein the first C-shaped ring circuit is a feeding ring, which is directly connected to the coaxial cable; the second C-shaped ring circuit is a coupling ring, and the two rings realize the radiation of electromagnetic waves through the interaction of electric fields.

[0037] The electromagnetic phase control material 2 includes four metal sheets 21 of the same specifications, each of which is provided with four L-shaped grooves 22 and one square groove 23. The square groove 23 is located in the middle of the metal sheet, and the four L-shaped grooves 22 are symmetrical around the square groove 23.

[0038] In the embodiment of the present application, the metal sheet 21 is a square arc structure, which is placed in two rows and two columns at equal intervals, and there is no interconnection structure between them. The metal sheet is a square arc structure with a thickness of 0.5 mm, and the thickness of the metal sheet 21 is between 0.25 mm and 0.75 mm. The entire electromagnetic phase control material includes four identical metal sheets, and the gap interval between the four metal sheets is 9.1 mm, and the gap interval is between 8 mm and 10 mm. The four metal sheets are spaced apart from each other without an interconnection structure. See Figure 4 , Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic phase control material in a reflective phase control electromagnetic structure based on curved surface conformality provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0039] In the embodiment of the present application, the L-shaped groove 22 has a corner that turns outward and is symmetrically arranged on each of the metal sheets at equal intervals, wherein the corresponding length and width of each L-shaped groove 22 are consistent, the spacing between each L-shaped groove is 36 mm, and the spacing range is between 30 mm and 40 mm. The total length of the L-shaped groove is 28 mm and the length range is between 25 mm and 30 mm. The lengths of the two ends are symmetrical, the width of the L-shaped groove is 3 mm, and the width range is between 2.5 mm and 3.5 mm. The size of the square groove is 16 mm×16 mm, and it is located in the middle of the metal sheet.

[0040] The metal bottom plate 3 is a curved pure metal reflector.

[0041] See also Figure 5 , Figure 5 A schematic diagram of simulation results of the variation of voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) with frequency in a reflection phase control electromagnetic structure based on curved surface conformal provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0042] Figure 6 The azimuth plane of the far-field radiation pattern simulation results of a reflective phase control electromagnetic structure based on a curved surface conformal at 0.96, 1.092, and 1.224 GHz provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 As shown, this figure is the cross-sectional radiation pattern of the spherical coordinate system with three frequencies (0.9 GHz, 1.1 GHz, 1.224 GHz) and theta = 90.

[0043] Figure 7 The far-field radiation pattern simulation results of a reflective phase control electromagnetic structure based on a curved surface conformal at 0.96, 1.092, and 1.224 GHz are provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 As shown, this figure is the cross-sectional radiation pattern of the spherical coordinate system with three frequencies (0.9 GHz, 1.1 GHz, 1.224 GHz) and theta = 90.

[0044] In the embodiment of the present application, the total cross-sectional height of the reflective phase control electromagnetic structure is 27 mm or less than 27 mm, which is 1 / 10 of the wavelength of the antenna's operating center frequency of 1.092 GHz.

[0045] In the embodiment of the present application, the reflective phase control electromagnetic structure is a curved structure with a curvature of 0.0144 mm. -1 , the curvature range is 0~0.2mm -1 between.

[0046] The application of the curved surface conformal reflection phase control electromagnetic structure provided in the embodiment of the present application effectively solves the low profile problem of the curved surface conformal antenna. The device consists of back-to-back C-shaped ring microstrip radiators, four pieces of electromagnetic phase control materials with L-shaped grooves and square grooves, and a metal curved bottom plate. The electromagnetic structure controls the phase of the electromagnetic waves radiated bidirectionally by the radiator, superimposes the bidirectional radiation into unidirectional radiation and achieves high efficiency. The antenna achieves a relative bandwidth of 25% within the operating frequency band, and the overall profile height of the device is 1 / 10 of the wavelength of the operating frequency.

[0047] The entire curved surface conformal reflection phase control electromagnetic structure device radiates electromagnetic waves bidirectionally into space during operation by the curved microstrip antenna radiator. The electromagnetic waves radiated from the lower part are phase modulated by the electromagnetic phase control material to convert the 180° phase of the electromagnetic waves to a 0° phase. The electromagnetic waves are superimposed in the same direction with the electromagnetic waves radiated from the upper part, which can achieve the effect of efficiently superimposing bidirectional radiation in a single direction. Compared with traditional antennas, the cross-section is reduced by 60% under the same radiation effect.

[0048] See also Figure 8 , Figure 8 A schematic flow chart of a design method for a reflective phase control electromagnetic structure based on a surface conformal structure provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 As shown, the specific steps include the following steps.

[0049] Step S801: bidirectionally radiate electromagnetic waves into space through a curved microstrip antenna radiator, wherein the electromagnetic waves radiated by the curved microstrip antenna radiator include an upwardly radiated uplink electromagnetic wave corresponding to a first C-shaped ring circuit of the printed circuit and a downwardly radiated downlink electromagnetic wave corresponding to a second C-shaped ring circuit.

[0050] Step S802: Phase modulating the uplink electromagnetic wave through an electromagnetic phase control material to obtain a reflected electromagnetic wave.

[0051] Step S803: by superimposing the uplink electromagnetic wave and the reflected electromagnetic wave, the bidirectional radiation is superimposed into a unidirectional radiation, and a reflection phase control electromagnetic structure based on the commonality of the surface is obtained.

[0052] It should be noted that the above is a description of a specific embodiment of the present specification. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recorded in the claims can be performed in an order different from that in the embodiments and still achieve the desired results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require the specific order or continuous order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also be aware that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily required by the embodiments of the present specification.

[0053] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0054] The preferred embodiments of this specification disclosed above are only used to help explain this specification. The optional embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to only the specific implementation methods described. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of the embodiments of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the embodiments of this specification, so that technicians in the relevant technical field can well understand and use this specification. This specification is only limited by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A reflective phase control electromagnetic structure based on curved surface conformality, characterized in that: include: Curved microstrip antenna radiator, electromagnetic phase control material and metal base plate, wherein: The curved microstrip antenna radiator is a double C-shaped ring radiation structure with back-to-back curved surfaces, including a printed circuit board substrate and a printed circuit. The printed circuit board substrate is a flexible medium used to bend the semicircular arc curvature; the printed circuit includes two back-to-back C-shaped ring circuits, which are used to control the radiation of electromagnetic waves through the interaction of electric fields, and superimpose bidirectional radiation into unidirectional radiation. The electromagnetic phase control material comprises four metal sheets of the same specifications, each of the metal sheets is provided with four L-shaped grooves and one square groove, the square groove is located in the middle of the metal sheet, and the four L-shaped grooves are symmetrical around the square groove; The metal bottom plate is a curved pure metal reflective plate.

2. The reflective phase control electromagnetic structure based on curved surface conformality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curved microstrip antenna radiator is in the form of a curved printed circuit board.

3. The reflective phase control electromagnetic structure based on curved surface conformality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The printed circuit includes a first C-shaped ring circuit and a second C-shaped ring circuit, wherein the first C-shaped ring circuit and the second C-shaped ring circuit are arranged back to back, wherein the first C-shaped ring circuit is a feeding ring directly connected to the coaxial cable; and the second C-shaped ring circuit is a coupling ring.

4. The reflective phase control electromagnetic structure based on curved surface conformality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal sheets are of a square arc-shaped structure, and are placed in two rows and two columns at equal intervals, and are spaced apart from each other without any interconnection structure.

5. The reflective phase control electromagnetic structure based on curved surface conformality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The L-shaped grooves have corners facing outwards and are arranged on each of the metal sheets in a centrally symmetrical manner and at equal intervals, wherein the corresponding lengths and widths of each of the L-shaped grooves are consistent.

6. The reflective phase control electromagnetic structure based on curved surface conformality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total cross-sectional height of the reflection phase control electromagnetic structure is less than 27 mm.

7. The reflective phase control electromagnetic structure based on curved surface conformality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reflective phase control electromagnetic structure is a curved surface structure.

8. A design method for a reflective phase control electromagnetic structure based on curved surface conformality according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: The electromagnetic waves are bidirectionally radiated into space through a curved microstrip antenna radiator, wherein the electromagnetic waves radiated by the curved microstrip antenna radiator include an upwardly radiated uplink electromagnetic wave corresponding to a first C-shaped ring circuit of the printed circuit and a downwardly radiated downlink electromagnetic wave corresponding to a second C-shaped ring circuit; Phase-modulating the uplink electromagnetic wave by an electromagnetic phase control material to obtain a reflected electromagnetic wave; By superimposing the uplink electromagnetic wave and the reflected electromagnetic wave, the bidirectional radiation is superimposed into unidirectional radiation, thereby obtaining a reflection phase control electromagnetic structure based on the commonality of the curved surface.

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