Lycium barbarum harvesting method

Abstract

The invention provides a lycium barbarum harvesting method, and relates to the technical field of lycium barbarum harvesting. The method comprises the following two steps: S1, selecting and remaining 2-3 biennial branch bearing mother branches from each bearing branch group in a winter dormancy period of the Chinese wolfberry, and cutting back at 15-20 cm; s2, harvesting the Chinese wolfberry fruits in three batches in a fruit ripening period, respectively performing single-fruit picking after the fruits in the first batch and the second batch are ripe to obtain fresh Chinese wolfberry fruits, leaving the Chinese wolfberry fruits on the tree for 7-14 days after the fruits in the third batch are ripe, and cutting off fruiting branches with the Chinese wolfberry fruits at the positions with the fruits at the middle lower parts of the branches for harvesting. The harvesting efficiency of the method is 1.66 times that of traditional picking; and the harvesting cost of each kilogram of dried fruits is 12.0 yuan, which is 11.1% lower than that of traditional harvesting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of wolfberry harvesting, and in particular to a wolfberry harvesting method. Background Art

[0002] Wolfberry is an indefinite inflorescence. The traditional way of harvesting wolfberry is to harvest single fruit, harvesting the fruit in batches as they mature. The fruit should be harvested when it is 80% to 90% ripe during the fruit maturity period. It should be picked, handled and placed gently. The traditional method requires many picking times, a large amount of labor, high intensity of harvesting work and high labor costs. This has become a problem that needs to be solved urgently to restrict the development of the wolfberry industry.

[0003] Currently, handheld wolfberry picking machines or self-propelled wolfberry continuous harvesters have been developed, which can increase the harvesting efficiency by 3-20 times. However, handheld harvesters are highly dependent on humans and require high technical operation. Self-propelled wolfberry mechanical harvesters have not effectively solved the problems of clean picking rate and damage rate, resulting in traditional harvesting methods still being the main method in wolfberry production, and harvesting machinery and equipment have not yet been widely promoted in actual production. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for harvesting wolfberries, which can improve the harvesting efficiency and reduce the labor cost by combining single fruit picking with branch pruning harvesting, and at the same time can increase the total sugar and polysaccharide content in wolfberries.

[0005] The present invention provides a method for harvesting wolfberries, comprising the following steps: S1: During the winter dormancy period of wolfberry, select 2 to 3 two-year-old fruiting mother branches from each fruiting branch group and cut them short at 15 cm to 20 cm; S2: During the fruit ripening period, wolfberries are harvested in three batches. The first and second batches are harvested by picking single fruits after the fruits are ripe to obtain fresh wolfberries. The third batch is harvested by cutting the fruiting branches with wolfberry fruits at the lower middle part of the branches after the fruits are ripe.

[0006] Furthermore, the third batch of fruits described in the above step S2 are kept on the tree for 7-14 days after the fruits are ripe, and the third batch of fruits are ripe to 80%-90% ripe.

[0007] Furthermore, the picking interval between the first batch and the second batch in the above step S2 is 5-7 days; the picking interval between the third batch and the second batch is 14-21 days.

[0008] Furthermore, the above step S1 also includes the following operations: during the winter dormancy period of wolfberry, the messy branches and strong branches are cut off, specifically including pruning and thinning out the thin and weak branches, diseased and damaged branches, overcrowded branches and strong branches with strong growth potential in the crown. During the summer growth period, the new buds sprouting on the trunk, rhizome, main branch and side branch are budded, and the leggy fruiting branches on the fruiting mother branch are thinned out.

[0009] Furthermore, after the above step S2, the fresh wolfberry fruit and the fruiting branches with wolfberry fruit described in step S2 are soaked in a dewaxing and color-protecting mixed solution configured with sodium carbonate, sodium D-isoascorbate, and orange peel essential oil for 30 seconds, poured onto the fruit cups, naturally dried in the sun for 12-24 hours, and then quickly dried in a drying device.

[0010] The fruit maturity described in the above step S2 refers to the maturity of the fruit to 80%-90%, specifically refers to the maturity when the fruit color appears orange-red, the fruit body begins to soften, and the fruit stem begins to loosen.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. Pruning the two-year-old fruiting mother branches during the winter dormancy period can make the fruiting branches all the fruiting branches of the current year, which is beneficial to the germination and growth of the fruiting branches of the current year, making the fruiting period consistent and reducing the picking batches.

[0012] 2. During the fruit ripening period, the first and second batches are harvested by traditional single fruit when the fruit is ripe, and the third batch is left on the tree for 7-14 days after the fruit is ripe, and the fruit-bearing branches are cut off with pruning shears at the lower part of the branches where there are fruits. By combining this method of picking two batches of single fruits with branch pruning, the wolfberry dried fruit has bright color and high commercial value; the harvesting efficiency is 1.66 times that of traditional picking; the harvesting cost per kilogram of dried fruit is 12.0 yuan, which is 11.1% lower than traditional picking.

[0013] 3. After the first and second batches of fruits are picked, the third batch of picking is to cut off the fruit-bearing branches with wolfberry fruits at the fruit-bearing part of the lower middle part of the branches. Pruning at this part can promote autumn branches, laying the foundation for the increase of autumn fruit yield. At the same time, the above autumn branches are pruned as the two-year-old fruit-bearing mother branches during the winter dormancy period of the second year, and continue to promote the growth and fruiting of the fruit-bearing branches of the current year. Through such a cycle of pruning and management, the wolfberry tree can continue to maintain a vigorous growth trend and stable output. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0015] Figure 1 This is the effect of delayed harvesting on single fruit weight in different batches; Figure 2 This is the effect of delayed harvesting on the longitudinal diameter of fruits in different batches; Figure 3This is the effect of delayed harvesting time on the transverse diameter of fruits in different batches; Figure 4 This is a graph showing the effect of delayed harvesting on the total sugar content of fruits in different batches; Figure 5 This is a graph showing the effect of delayed harvesting on the polysaccharide content of fruits in different batches. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Example 1: Effect of delayed harvesting on fruit quality Time: June 2021 Location: Tianjingshan Base of Ningxia Zhongning Zhongqi Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd. Test material: 8-year-old Ningqi No. 7 Select 8-year-old Ningqi No. 7, and prune and thin out weak branches, diseased and damaged branches, overcrowded branches, and strong branches with strong growth potential in the crown during the winter dormancy period, so that the main branches are evenly distributed alternately on the trunk, and 2 to 3 two-year-old fruiting mother branches are selected from each fruiting branch group and cut short at 15 to 20 cm. During the summer growing season, buds are removed from the trunk, rhizome, main branches, and side branches, and the fruiting branches promoted on the fruiting mother branches are slowly released, and the leggy fruiting branches are thinned out.

[0018] During the fruit maturity period, single fruits are harvested in three batches according to the maturity of the fruits. Each batch is divided into three groups, namely the "normal mature fruit" group, the "mature fruit extended by 7 days" group, and the "mature fruit extended by 14 days" group. Among them, the "normal mature fruit" group means that the fruit is harvested when it reaches 8-9 mature; the "mature fruit extended by 7 days" group means that the fruit is harvested 7 days later after it reaches 8-9 mature; the "mature fruit extended by 14 days" group means that the fruit is harvested 14 days later after it reaches 8-9 mature.

[0019] As shown in Table 1 and Figure 1-5 As shown in the figure, the single fruit weight and transverse diameter of different batches of fruits gradually increased with the delay of harvesting period. Only the longitudinal diameter of the third batch increased significantly with the delay of harvesting period, and there was no obvious change pattern in the longitudinal diameter of the first and second batches of fruits. As the harvesting period of the third batch of fruits was delayed, the single fruit weight increased by 19.44%-28.41%, the longitudinal diameter increased by 15.60%-33.30%, and the transverse diameter increased by 3.76%-6.11%.

[0020] The total sugar content of different batches of fruits gradually increased with the delay of harvesting period. Only the third batch of fruits had a significant increase in polysaccharide content with the delay of harvesting period, which was 11.05%-31.36% higher than that of normal mature fruits. There was no obvious change trend in the first and second batches of fruits. Table 1: Effect of delayed harvesting on the quality of wolfberry fruit in different batches

[0021] Example 2: Effects of different harvesting methods on wolfberry quality, harvesting efficiency and harvesting cost Time: June 2021 Location: Tianjingshan Base of Ningxia Zhongning Zhongqi Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd. Test material: 8-year-old Ningqi No. 7 The fruits on the one-year-old fruiting branches of the mature tree 'Ningqi No. 7' were used as test samples. During the winter dormancy period, the weak branches, diseased branches, overcrowded branches and strong branches with strong growth potential in the crown were pruned to make the main branches evenly distributed on the trunk. 2-3 two-year-old fruiting mother branches were selected from each fruiting branch group and cut short at 15-20 cm. During the summer growing season, the buds on the trunk, rhizome, main branches and side branches were removed, the fruiting branches stimulated on the fruiting mother branches were slowly released, and the leggy fruiting branches were thinned out. During the fruit ripening period, the experiment was divided into four groups according to the harvesting method: traditional harvesting, one-cut harvesting, one-pick and one-cut harvesting, and two-pick and one-cut harvesting. The traditional harvesting group refers to picking single fruits in batches, for a total of 4 times; the one-cut harvesting group refers to picking the first batch of fruits by pruning after they mature and remain on the tree for 21 days, for a total of 1 time; the one-pick and one-cut harvesting group refers to picking single fruits in the first batch, and harvesting the second batch of fruits by pruning after they mature and remain on the tree for 14 days, for a total of 2 times; the two-pick and one-cut harvesting group refers to picking single fruits in the first and second batches, and harvesting the third batch of fruits by pruning after they mature and remain on the tree for 7 days, for a total of 3 times.

[0022] The results are shown in Table 2. In terms of fruit size, the length of the wolfberry dried fruit harvested with one cut and one pick and one cut were 15.40 mm and 15.75 mm, respectively, and the width were 7.04 mm and 7.06 mm, respectively, which were higher than those of the traditional harvest and the two picks and one cut. In terms of fruit color characteristic values, the L values ​​(indicating brightness, black has the lowest brightness and white has the highest brightness) of the traditional harvest and the two picks and one cut were 24.07 and 25.08, respectively; the A values ​​(indicating the color index from red to green, red is positive and green is negative) were 28.13 and 28.25, respectively; the B values ​​(indicating the color index from blue to yellow, blue is negative and yellow is positive) were 23.73 and 23.17, respectively; and the C values ​​(indicating color saturation, the larger the c value, the higher the color brightness) were 36.84 and 36.56, respectively, which were higher than those of the one cut harvest and one pick and one cut. The h value (indicates the chromaticity angle, which is the color angle between 0° and 360°, 0°-90° is red, orange and yellow, 90°-180° is yellow, yellow-green and green, 180°-270° is green, cyan and blue, 270°-360° is blue, purple, magenta and red) was 40.21° and 39.45° respectively, which is slightly lower than the one-cut harvest and one-pick and one-cut harvest, indicating that the color is redder than the one-cut harvest and one-pick and one-cut harvest. The above results show that the dried fruits harvested by traditional harvesting and two-pick and one-cut harvest have bright colors and high commercial value.

[0023] Table 2: Color characteristic values ​​of wolfberry dried fruit harvested in different ways

[0024] As shown in Table 3, the work efficiency of harvesting dried fruits within one hour is compared. The dried fruit yield of traditional batch picking of single fruit in one hour is 0.283-0.864kg, with an average yield of 0.705kg, while the dried fruit yield of pruning in one hour is 1.358-2.574kg, with an average yield of 1.170-2.574kg. The average work efficiency of harvesting with two picks and one pruning is about 1.66 times that of traditional picking.

[0025] Table 3: Labor efficiency of each batch of harvesting by different harvesting methods (kg / h)

[0026] As shown in Table 4, the yield of dried fruit from traditional batch picking of single fruit is 146.13 kg / 667 m 2 , the dry fruit yield of the three pruning harvesting methods (114.31-137.47 kg / 667m 2) is 5.9%-21.8% lower than traditional picking. Among them, the yield of two pickings and one cutting is only 8.66kg lower than that of traditional picking, with the smallest yield loss. However, the traditional picking has a high yield per mu of dried fruit, and its picking cost is also the highest, with a harvesting cost of 13.5 yuan per kilogram of dried fruit. The yield of two pickings and one cutting is second only to the yield of traditional picking, and the harvesting cost per kilogram of dried fruit is 12.0 yuan, which is 11.1% lower than traditional picking.

[0027] Table 4: Harvesting costs of different harvesting methods

[0028] Note: When calculating the picking cost, traditional single fruit picking is based on 3.0 yuan / kg of fresh fruit, and branch pruning picking is based on 150 yuan / day, with 10 hours of work per day.

[0029] Example 3: Application of wolfberry branch shearing harvesting mode to different varieties Time: June 2022 Experimental materials: The new wolfberry varieties 14-104 and 14-87 planted in 2018 were used as test materials.

[0030] New wolfberry varieties 14-104 and 14-87 were selected. Weak branches, diseased branches, overcrowded branches and strong branches with strong growth potential were pruned and thinned out in the crown during the winter dormancy period, so that the main branches were evenly distributed alternately on the trunk. 2 to 3 two-year-old fruiting mother branches were selected from each fruiting branch group and cut short at 15 to 20 cm. During the summer growing season, buds were removed from the trunk, rhizome, main branches and side branches. The fruiting branches stimulated on the fruiting mother branches were slowly released, and the leggy fruiting branches were thinned out. Traditional harvesting and two-pick and one-cut modes were used for harvesting. The two-pick and one-cut harvesting group refers to: the first and second batches of single fruits are picked, and the third batch of fruits are harvested by branch pruning after the fruits mature and stay on the tree for 14 days.

[0031] The effects of different harvesting modes on the yield of different strains are shown in Table 5. The yields of 14-87 and 14-104 using two-pick and one-cut methods were basically the same as those using traditional picking methods. The yield of two-pick and one-cut methods was 38.4%-46.0% higher than that of traditional picking methods.

[0032] Table 5 Lycium barbarum yields under different harvesting modes

[0033] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0034] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention without departing from the principles and purpose of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0035] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for harvesting wolfberries, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: During the winter dormancy period of wolfberry, select 2 to 3 two-year-old fruiting mother branches from each fruiting branch group and cut them short at 15 cm to 20 cm; S2: During the fruit ripening period, wolfberries are harvested in three batches. The first and second batches are harvested by picking single fruits after the fruits are ripe to obtain fresh wolfberries. The third batch is harvested by cutting the fruiting branches with wolfberry fruits at the lower middle part of the branches after the fruits are ripe.

2. The method for harvesting wolfberries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fruit ripening described in step S2 is that the fruit is ripe to 80% to 90% ripeness.

3. The method for harvesting wolfberries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third batch described in step S2 is left on the tree for 7 to 14 days after the fruits are 80% to 90% ripe.

4. The method for harvesting wolfberries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The picking interval between the first batch and the second batch in step S2 is 5-7 days; the picking interval between the third batch and the second batch is 14-21 days.

5. The method for harvesting wolfberries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps also include the following steps: During the winter dormancy period of wolfberry, prune and thin out the weak branches, diseased branches, overcrowded branches and strong branches with strong growth potential in the crown. During the summer growing season, remove the new buds on the trunk, rhizome, main branches and side branches, and thin out the leggy fruiting branches on the fruiting mother branches.

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