High-efficiency dripping seedling raising method for cotton

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of cotton cultivation, and provides an efficient cotton dripping seedling raising method which comprises the following steps: step 1, variety selection and seed preparation; step 2, land preparation; step 3, preparation before sowing; step 4, sowing operation; 5, drip seedling emergence and seedling stage management; 6, middle and later period field management; step 7, harvesting and post-processing. Good growth and high yield of cotton can be guaranteed by selecting a high-quality high-yield variety adapting to the local environment and improving the soil structure; advanced sowing machinery and technology are adopted, so that uniform sowing and reasonable covering of seeds are ensured, and the emergence rate and the seedling quality are improved; water dripping and fertilization are reasonably arranged according to cotton growth requirements, so that water and nutrient supply balance is ensured, and healthy growth is promoted; through regular monitoring and adoption of various prevention and control measures, occurrence and diffusion of diseases and pests are effectively controlled, and the method is of great significance to improvement of the overall level of the southern Xinjiang cotton planting industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of cotton cultivation, and in particular relates to a method for efficiently raising cotton seedlings with dripping water. Background Art

[0002] The general steps of cotton cultivation include site selection and preparation, sowing and density, field management, etc. Although cotton planting technology is quite mature, there are still some shortcomings and challenges: 1) Backward planting technology: Many farmers engaged in cotton planting have low cultural level, rely on traditional experience, and lack modern agricultural technology knowledge, which leads to the gradual backwardness of cultivation technology. 2) Inadequate management: Due to the lack of scientific knowledge, the management of cotton planting is not in place, especially in the sowing, seedling and maturity stages, which affects the yield and quality. 3) Insufficient attention to pest and disease control: Some farmers are not aware of the prevention of pests and diseases, and fail to prevent and take effective measures in time, resulting in serious losses. 4) High labor intensity: Traditional cultivation methods are labor-intensive and time-consuming, and the general shortage of labor makes labor one of the main factors restricting cotton cultivation. For this reason, a method for efficient cotton drip seedling cultivation is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a cotton efficient dripping seedling raising method, aiming to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A method for efficiently raising cotton seedlings by dripping water comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Variety selection and seed preparation;

[0007] Step 2: Land consolidation;

[0008] Step 3: Preparation before sowing;

[0009] Step 4: sowing operation;

[0010] Step 5: Dripping water for seedling emergence and seedling management;

[0011] Step 6: Mid- to late-stage field management;

[0012] Step 7: Harvest and post-processing.

[0013] Furthermore, the step 1 comprises:

[0014] Variety selection: Choose early- to mid-maturing upland cotton varieties with a growth period of 125 to 135 days;

[0015] Seed preparation: requirements include healthy seed rate ≥95%, germination rate ≥90%, moisture content ≤12%, purity ≥95%, cleanliness ≥98%, residual acid ≤0.15%, and broken seed rate ≤3%.

[0016] Furthermore, the step 2 comprises:

[0017] land preparation;

[0018] Ploughing: Use a rotary five-share plow for ploughing; Ploughing should be done within 6 hours before sowing or 2-3 days before sowing, depending on the soil moisture conditions; the ploughing depth should be 28-30 cm, and the width of the field headline should be 9-15 m;

[0019] Land preparation: Use diversion type soil leveling frame for land preparation.

[0020] Furthermore, the step 3 comprises:

[0021] Chemical control before sowing: Use a self-propelled, hanging or towed mechanical sprayer to spray 33% pendimethalin at 160-180 ml / mu, diluted with 40-60 kg / mu of water;

[0022] Raking: After spraying the herbicide, use a diversion-type leveling soil frame + spike-toothed harrow + cage soil breaker + ring-type roller + harrow to carry out the operation.

[0023] Further, the step 4 comprises:

[0024] Determine the sowing date: sow seeds when the ground temperature 5 cm below the film reaches 12°C for 3 consecutive days;

[0025] Select sowing machinery: Use a cotton seeder with a rear-mounted seed drill;

[0026] Ensure the quality of film laying: select thickened ground film with a thickness of 0.015 mm and a width of 2.05 meters;

[0027] Plant spacing configuration: including one film six rows mode and one film three rows mode;

[0028] Ensure the quality of sowing: use Beidou navigation for operations, with a sowing depth of 1.5 to 2 cm; use side soil sealing method; sowing amount: 1.6 to 1.8 kg / mu for one film and six rows, 1.1 to 1.2 kg / mu for one film and three rows, single-grain rate ≥95%, hole rate and misalignment rate ≤3%.

[0029] Further, the step 5 comprises:

[0030] Dripping water for germination: Drip water for germination within 48 hours after sowing, drip water twice, the first time drip water 10-15 cubic meters per mu, 3-5 days later, the second time drip water 10-15 cubic meters per mu, the total drip water volume is about 20-30 cubic meters per mu, with the seed hole moist as the standard; apply 1-2 kg / mu of humic acid fertilizer or biological fertilizer or acid fertilizer with the drip water;

[0031] Seedling management: including drip fertilization, soil sealing to conserve moisture, chemical regulation and disease and pest control.

[0032] Further, the step 6 comprises:

[0033] Bud management: including drip fertilization, chemical regulation and pest and disease control;

[0034] Management during the flowering and boll period: including drip fertilization, timely topping, chemical regulation, pest and disease control, and foliar fertilization;

[0035] Management during the boll opening period: includes dripping water and chemical defoliation.

[0036] Furthermore, in step 7, cotton is harvested when its leaf removal rate is ≥90% and its boll opening rate is ≥95%. The picking quality requirements are that the clean cotton rate is ≤93%, the total loss rate is ≤5%, the impurity rate of the harvested seed cotton is ≤10%, and the moisture regain of the seed cotton is ≤12%.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] The present invention can ensure the good growth and high yield of cotton by selecting high-quality and high-yield varieties adapted to the local environment and improving the soil structure; adopt advanced sowing machinery and technology to ensure uniform sowing and reasonable coverage of seeds, improve the emergence rate and seedling quality; reasonably arrange dripping and fertilization according to the growth needs of cotton, ensure balanced supply of water and nutrients, and promote healthy growth; through regular monitoring and taking a variety of prevention and control measures, effectively control the occurrence and spread of pests and diseases, which is of great significance to improving the overall level of cotton planting in southern Xinjiang. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0040] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0041] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for efficiently raising cotton seedlings with dripping water, which is applicable to cotton-growing areas in southern Xinjiang, and comprises the following steps:

[0042] Step 1: Variety selection and seed preparation;

[0043] Step 2: Land consolidation;

[0044] Step 3: Preparation before sowing;

[0045] Step 4: sowing operation;

[0046] Step 5: Dripping water for seedling emergence and seedling management;

[0047] Step 6: Mid- to late-stage field management;

[0048] Step 7: Harvest and post-processing.

[0049] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step 1 comprises:

[0050] Variety selection: Choose early-mid-maturing, high-quality, high-yield upland cotton varieties suitable for planting in this area, with a growth period of 125 to 135 days. It is recommended to choose varieties recommended by local agricultural authorities. Quality requirements: fiber length ≥ 30.0 mm, fiber strength ≥ 30.0 cN.tex -1 , Micronaire value is between 3.7 and 4.9. Fusarium wilt index ≤ 10.0, Verticillium wilt index ≤ 35.0;

[0051] Seed preparation: Commercial seeds coated with seed coating agents are required to have full and uniform grains. After processing and selection, the healthy seed rate is ≥95%, the germination rate is ≥90%, the moisture content is ≤12%, the purity is ≥95%, the clarity is ≥98%, the residual acid is ≤0.15%, and the broken seed rate is ≤3%.

[0052] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step 2 comprises:

[0053] Land preparation: Choose flat land with good soil structure and light salinity, and make preparations for ploughing such as crushing cotton stalks and recovering residual film. For low-tidal land, crushing cotton stalks and removing film can be done before winter; for sandy soil with poor water retention, crushing cotton stalks and removing film is not suitable in winter, and the operation should be carried out in March of the following year;

[0054] Ploughing: Use a rotary five-share plow for plowing; Ploughing requirements: Ploughing at the right time. For cotton fields with poor soil moisture (the soil does not clump when held by hand), plowing should be done within 6 hours before sowing; for cotton fields with good soil moisture (the soil clumps when held by hand), plowing should be done 2 to 3 days before sowing. The plowing depth is 28 to 30 cm and should be uniform. The width of the field rise and fall line is 9 to 15 meters. The ground stubble and base fertilizer are deeply turned into the soil and covered tightly; there is no heavy plowing or missed plowing, and the field edges are neat and tidy, to the edges and corners; after plowing, the surface and ditch bottom are flat, the soil is loose, and there are no obvious ridges or furrows;

[0055] Land preparation: Use a diversion-type soil leveling frame for land preparation, and use a tractor with more than 220 horsepower. Land preparation requirements: First, diagonally level the land twice, and then harrow the land diagonally twice after the soil is sealed to ensure that the upper part is hollow and the lower part is solid. For cotton fields with poor soil moisture, level the land immediately after plowing. For cotton fields with good soil moisture, determine the best time to level the land based on the soil moisture after plowing. After leveling, the surface of the land is flat, the soil is fine, and the upper part is hollow and the lower part is solid. The ends and edges of the land are neat, from edge to corner. The quality of the land leveling meets the standards of "solid, flat, broken, clean, and neat", highlighting the word "solid".

[0056] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step 3 includes:

[0057] Pre-sowing chemical control: Use a self-propelled, hanging or towed mechanical sprayer to spray the pesticide. The preparation of the pesticide must be strictly configured according to the secondary dilution method, spray 33% pendimethalin, 160-180 ml / mu, and add 40-60 kg / mu of water for spraying. Make sure that the spray is not heavy and leaks, and spray to the end and the edge; and do not spray herbicides on rainy days or when the wind speed is greater than level 3. Keep away from water sources when dispensing the medicine to prevent contamination of drinking water sources and accidental ingestion by livestock and poultry. When dispensing the medicine, rinse the herbicide packaging 3 times, pour it into the medicine tank for direct use, and classify the herbicide packaging waste and return it to the company nearby for centralized treatment. It must not be discarded at will. After application, clean the spray machinery thoroughly 2-3 times;

[0058] Harrowing: After spraying herbicides, use a diversion-type soil leveling frame + spike-toothed harrow + cage soil breaker + ring-type pressure device + harrow to operate. Generally, two operations are performed at a diagonal angle of 45 degrees to achieve a sowing state with a hollow top and a solid bottom. After harrowing, the land meets the standards of "flat, even, loose, broken, and clean", and the soil surface is "hollow".

[0059] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step 4 comprises:

[0060] Determine the sowing date: Sow at the right time. When the ground temperature 5 cm below the film reaches 12°C for 3 consecutive days, sow the seeds. The best sowing date is generally from April 2 to 10, and the water for germination should be dripped before April 12.

[0061] Select sowing machinery: Use a special cotton seeder for "dry sowing and wet out", with the seed drill placed at the back, so that the film is laid first and the soil is covered before sowing, to avoid misalignment; the duckbill of the seed drill is a small cross-shaped pointed beak with a length of 3 cm;

[0062] Ensure the quality of film laying: select thickened ground film with a thickness of 0.015 mm and a width of 2.05 meters; the film laying should meet the five standards of "strict, flat, straight, tight and solid", and the ground film should have a large and flat lighting surface;

[0063] Plant row spacing configuration: including one film six rows mode (adopting one film six rows, one film three tubes mode, row spacing configuration "63 + 13" cm, drip irrigation tapes are laid in the middle of narrow rows, and the convex surface of the drip irrigation tape maze faces upwards) and one film three rows mode (adopting one film three rows, one film three tubes mode, row spacing configuration 76 cm equal row spacing);

[0064] Ensure the quality of sowing: Use Beidou navigation for operations, the sowing depth should be 1.5 to 2 cm, and the depth should be consistent; use side soil sealing method, it is better not to bury the seed holes; the sowing amount is 1.6 to 1.8 kg / mu for one film and six rows, 1.1 to 1.2 kg / mu for one film and three rows, the single-grain rate is ≥95%, the hole rate and misalignment rate are ≤3%.

[0065] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step 5 comprises:

[0066] Dripping water for germination: Drip water for germination within 48 hours after sowing, and determine the dripping amount according to the soil texture. Generally, drip water twice, with 10-15 cubic meters per mu for the first time, and 10-15 cubic meters per mu for the second time after 3-5 days. The total dripping amount is about 20-30 cubic meters per mu, with the standard being that the seed hole is wet. For heavy saline-alkali and easily compacted soils, 1-2 kg / mu of humic acid fertilizers, biological bacterial fertilizers, or acidic fertilizers can be applied with water drops;

[0067] Seedling management: The main goal is to ensure that the seedlings are uniform, strong, and free of pests and diseases, and strive to achieve a field emergence rate of 87-90%. Specifically include:

[0068] 1) Drip fertilization: Some cotton fields need to be watered in time according to the soil moisture conditions, with a drip rate of 15 to 20 cubic meters per mu. 1 to 2 kilograms per mu of water-soluble nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer can be applied with the dripping water.

[0069] 2) Covering the soil to conserve moisture: The moisture in the cotton field is easily lost, and the salt is easy to move upward and accumulate. In the 2-3 leaf stage, it is timely to use a twisting cage or a drum-type covering machine to seal the holes to conserve moisture and prevent weeds in the film. The thickness of the covering soil is 1.5 to 2 cm, which is preferably not to crush the seedlings.

[0070] 3) Chemical regulation;

[0071] 31) Chemical regulation: Dry-seeding and wet-emerging cotton fields have vigorous growth due to moisture creation. Chemical regulation is carried out in the seedling stage to encourage the root system to grow deeply. In the cotyledon stage, 1.5-2.0 g / mu of DCP is sprayed in combination with thrips control.

[0072] 32) Cotyledon-2 leaf stage: Two leaves are flat, i.e. the internodes of the main stem are short and thick, the two true leaves and the cotyledons are roughly on the same plane, and the leaf color is light green. Use 1.0-2.0 g of mepiquat per mu.

[0073] 33) 4-5 leaf stage: Four leaves are horizontal, the plant is short and fat, the plant height is 5-7 cm, and the daily growth of the main stem is 0.3-0.4 cm. Use 1.5-2.0 g of DCP per mu.

[0074] 4) Pest and disease control;

[0075] 41) Diseases: Focus on preventing and controlling damping-off disease, root rot, etc., adopt early and middle tillage, and spray foliar fertilizers in the seedling stage to promote root growth and strengthen seedlings, and enhance disease resistance.

[0076] 42) Pests: Focus on the prevention and control of thrips and aphids. When the cotyledons are flattened (showing rows), spray 1 to 2 times with imidacloprid or acetamiprid wettable powder (strictly follow the recommended dosage on the pesticide label, the same below) to effectively prevent and control the damage of thrips to cotton seedlings. The prevention and control of aphids and red spiders should be investigated early, and the central aphid and central mite strains should be "surrounded and circled". When aphids spread, choose acetamiprid or imidacloprid, high-efficiency flucythrinate, etc. When red spiders occur, use avermectin, special acaricides, etc., and rotate spraying 2 to 3 times in time, with an interval of 3 to 5 days, and require "early treatment and small treatment". For the prevention and control of cotton bollworms, strengthen agricultural prevention and control measures, adhere to systematic investigation and monitoring, strengthen light trapping and sex attractant trapping, reduce the overwintering base number, and control the occurrence of one generation.

[0077] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step 6 includes:

[0078] 1) Bud management, with the main goals of ensuring the steady growth of cotton, more buds, early flowering, and building a good yield framework. Specifically include:

[0079] 11) Drip fertilization: Based on whether the cotton is in drought phase, the technology of drip fertilizer is used, one fertilizer for one water, and the amount and type of drip fertilizer should be determined according to the fertilizer requirements of cotton at each stage of growth and development. It is recommended to drip water at an appropriate time, with a drip volume of 20-25 cubic meters per mu, 3 kg of urea per mu + 3-4 kg of acidic high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer per mu; the second drip fertilization is carried out 6-7 days later, with a drip volume of 20-25 cubic meters per mu, 4 kg of urea per mu + 4-5 kg ​​of high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer per mu.

[0080] 12) Chemical regulation: Rational regulation should be carried out according to the daily growth of the main stem of cotton. For cotton fields with a trend of vigorous growth and a daily growth of more than 1.8 cm, 1.5 to 2 grams per mu of cypermethrin should be used.

[0081] 13) Pest and disease control: During this period, we should focus on controlling cotton aphids and blind bugs;

[0082] Cotton aphid control: Carry out field-wide control according to the occurrence of cotton aphids. The number of inverted trifoliate aphids reaches 250-300, the leaf curling rate reaches more than 10%, and the field benefit-harm ratio is less than 1:500. Choose a special pesticide that is safe for natural enemies for chemical control. Apply the pesticide in both directions and use a large amount of water, with a water consumption of 50-60 liters per mu. Use matrine, dinotefuran, pymetrozine, thiamethoxam, flonicamid, diprofen, pyriproxyfen, and dinotefuran alternately, and add avermectin each time to control cotton spider mites.

[0083] 2) Management during the flowering and boll period, with the main goals of preventing boll shedding, excessive boll formation, large boll formation, boll rot, and premature aging. Specifically include:

[0084] 21) Fertilization by dripping: Apply nitrogen fertilizer in an appropriate amount during the flowering and bolling period, apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and spray boron fertilizers. Drip 25-30 cubic meters per mu each time, with a drip interval of 6-7 days, and no longer than 8 days. In hot weather, the drip frequency or drip time should be increased. Apply 3-4 kg of urea per mu with dripping each time, and apply 3-5 kg ​​of high-phosphorus and high-potassium fertilizers per mu with dripping each time from the initial flowering period to the peak flowering period, and 4-5 kg ​​of high-phosphorus and high-potassium fertilizers per mu with dripping each time from the peak flowering period to the peak bolling period.

[0085] 22) Timely topping: follow the principle of "branches arrive at different times, and times arrive at different branches", adopt manual topping, advocate early topping, and start topping when the average number of effective branches per plant in the field is more than 8. It is required to top one leaf and one heart. The topping date is June 25th to July 5th. Repeat topping should be done one week after manual topping, and the missed topping rate should be ≤2%.

[0086] 23) Chemical regulation: Chemical control is applied twice after topping. The first time is 5 to 7 days after topping with 5 to 8 g / mu of DCP, which has obvious effects on increasing the inner bolls, improving the boll setting rate and reducing the shedding of buds and bolls. The second time is when the first node of the top fruit branches blooms and the fruit branches extend more than 5 cm, using 8 to 10 g / mu of DCP to control the rapid growth of the upper fruit branches, reduce ineffective flower buds and superfluous buds, prevent them from shedding, produce larger bolls and increase the boll weight.

[0087] 24) Pest and disease control: During the flowering and boll stage, focus on controlling thrips, cotton spider mites and preventing boll rot;

[0088] 241) Thrips: Reduce the insect population in the early stage. Spray imidacloprid or acetamiprid in the morning during the flowering period for unified prevention and control.

[0089] 242) Cotton spider mites: When the rate of cotton spider mites reaches 5-10%, use avermectin, clofentezine, pyridaben, fenpropathrin, spiroclofen and other pesticides for prevention and treatment. When the outbreak is serious, the dosage can be increased as appropriate. Use avermectin suspension + clofentezine, pyridaben or avermectin·etoxazole for prevention and treatment. Use avermectin + clofentezine, avermectin·etoxazole for prevention and treatment during the general outbreak period, and pay attention to alternating the use of drugs. Use 60-80 kg of liquid per mu and spray evenly.

[0090] 243) Cotton bollworm: During the peak period of the first generation of cotton bollworm (mid-June to early July), place poplar branches (60-90 branches / hm2) in the cotton field. 2 ), and kill moths in time in the early morning. When the second generation of eggs reaches the control index (60 eggs / 100 plants), timely use drugs to treat them. The biological agents used for the control of cotton bollworms include NPV, hexaflumuron, thioflumuron, chloranil, emamectin benzoate, avermectin, plant-based drugs, and molting hormone inhibitors.

[0091] 244) Blind stink bugs: Use chlorflucythrinate / acetamiprid water dispersible granules or chlorflucythrinate spray for unified control.

[0092] 25) Disease: To prevent and control bell disease around July 15, use wettable powder of mancozeb and carbendazim, spray once every 7 to 10 days, and spray 2 to 3 times in a row.

[0093] 26) Foliar fertilization: In order to improve the activity of cotton pollen and photosynthesis, enhance the stress resistance of cotton, maintain boll weight and improve cotton quality, micro-fertilizers can be applied in combination with chemical regulation during the flowering and boll formation period. Spray the leaves 1 to 2 times, spraying 150 g / mu of urea + 150 g / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 80 g / mu of boron fertilizer.

[0094] 3) Management during the boll opening period, with the goal of promoting early maturity, preventing premature aging or late maturity, and improving fiber quality. Specifically include:

[0095] 31) Watering: Watering during the boll opening period can increase the boll weight and increase soil moisture for next spring sowing. The watering rate is about 50 cubic meters per mu. It is recommended to stop watering at the end of August.

[0096] 32) Chemical defoliation: Defoliation and ripening technology is an important measure to achieve one-time mechanical picking, reduce the amount of impurities in machine-picked cotton, and improve work efficiency. Its effect is directly related to the choice of pesticide, spraying dosage and application time.

[0097] 321) Selection and dosage of defoliants;

[0098] Defoliant selection: Choose defoliant products with good effects in year-round use produced by regular manufacturers, such as: 540 g / L Thidiazuron·Diuron suspension (Totulong, Cotton Sea, etc.), 81% Thidiazuron·Diuron water dispersible granules (Retolong). The number of times of use is determined according to the growth of cotton, climatic conditions, planting patterns, etc. The principle is: it is recommended to spray once for cotton fields with low density and early maturity; it is recommended to spray twice for cotton fields with strong growth, late-maturing varieties, and high density, with an interval of 5 to 7 days between the two times.

[0099] Usage: (1) 81% Thidiazuron, Diuron water dispersible granules: the first dosage is 20g / mu of Retoron + 20ml / mu of special adjuvant + 70-100ml / mu of ethephon; the second dosage is 10g / mu of Retoron + 10ml / mu of special adjuvant. (2) 540g / L Thidiazuron, Diuron suspension: the first dosage is 13-15ml / mu + 1:4 adjuvant + 70-100ml / mu of ethephon, the second dosage is 10-12ml / mu + 1:4 adjuvant.

[0100] 322) Application time: The higher the temperature, the better the defoliation effect after spraying. Spray when the 7-day average temperature is >20℃ and the lowest temperature at night is >12℃. If it rains within 24 hours after spraying, re-spray. The best time to spray is in the morning or evening. The amount of liquid medicine should be large (30 kg / mu) to ensure that the spray is even and thorough. Generally, the use of defoliants should be completed before September 15, and the natural boll opening rate of cotton fields should be ≥30%.

[0101] 323) Pesticide application machinery: Use a suspended boom-type spraying machinery with an operating speed of 4 to 5 kilometers per hour.

[0102] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step 7 includes:

[0103] 1) Harvesting conditions;

[0104] Cotton is harvested when the leaf removal rate is ≥90% and the boll opening rate is ≥95%, usually on September 25th.

[0105] Thoroughly remove weeds and obstacles, and there should be no drifting residual film and drip irrigation tape in the cotton field. The pits in the cotton field must be filled, compacted and marked to prevent the cotton picker from falling into the pits and damaging the machine.

[0106] Before harvesting, workers must first pick out 15 meters of the edge of the cotton field at both ends, cut off the cotton stalks, and the height of the remaining cotton stalks must not be higher than the ground. The plastic film must be picked up and cleared out of the field.

[0107] 2) Mechanical harvesting;

[0108] When the leaf removal rate reaches over 90% and the boll opening rate reaches over 95%, mechanical harvesting can be carried out in a timely manner.

[0109] When the moisture regain of cotton is greater than 12%, harvesting should not continue. The picking time depends on the moisture content of the cotton seeds in the cotton field. If it does not meet the requirements, relevant adjustments should be made.

[0110] 3) Picking quality: clean picking rate ≤ 93%, total loss rate ≤ 5% (including hanging loss < 1.8%, leftover cotton < 1.5%, and dropped cotton < 1.7%), impurity content of harvested seed cotton ≤ 10%, and moisture regain (moisture content) of seed cotton ≤ 12%.

[0111] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. These will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent.

Claims

1. A method for efficiently raising cotton seedlings by dripping water, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Variety selection and seed preparation; Step 2: Land consolidation; Step 3: Preparation before sowing; Step 4: sowing operation; Step 5: Dripping water for seedling emergence and seedling management; Step 6: Mid- to late-stage field management; Step 7: Harvest and post-processing.

2. The method for raising cotton seedlings by dripping water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 1 comprises: Variety selection: Choose early- to mid-maturing upland cotton varieties with a growth period of 125 to 135 days; Seed preparation: requirements include healthy seed rate ≥95%, germination rate ≥90%, moisture content ≤12%, purity ≥95%, cleanliness ≥98%, residual acid ≤0.15%, and broken seed rate ≤3%.

3. The method for raising cotton seedlings by dripping water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 2 comprises: land preparation; Ploughing: Use a rotary five-share plow for ploughing; Ploughing should be done within 6 hours before sowing or 2-3 days before sowing, depending on the soil moisture conditions; the ploughing depth should be 28-30 cm, and the width of the field headline should be 9-15 m; Land preparation: Use diversion type soil leveling frame for land preparation.

4. The method for raising cotton seedlings by dripping water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 3 comprises: Chemical control before sowing: Use a self-propelled, hanging or towed mechanical sprayer to spray 33% pendimethalin at 160-180 ml / mu, diluted with 40-60 kg / mu of water; Raking: After spraying the herbicide, use a diversion-type leveling soil frame + spike-tooth harrow + cage soil breaker + ring roller + harrow to carry out the operation.

5. The method for raising cotton seedlings by dripping water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 4 comprises: Determine the sowing date: sow seeds when the ground temperature 5 cm below the film reaches 12°C for 3 consecutive days; Select sowing machinery: Use a cotton seeder with a rear-mounted seed drill; Ensure the quality of film laying: select thickened ground film with a thickness of 0.015 mm and a width of 2.05 meters; Plant spacing configuration: including one film six rows mode and one film three rows mode; Ensure the quality of sowing: use Beidou navigation for operations, with a sowing depth of 1.5 to 2 cm; use side soil sealing method; sowing amount: 1.6 to 1.8 kg / mu for one film and six rows, 1.1 to 1.2 kg / mu for one film and three rows, single-grain rate ≥95%, hole rate and misalignment rate ≤3%.

6. The method for raising cotton seedlings by dripping water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 5 comprises: Dripping water for germination: Drip water for germination within 48 hours after sowing, drip water twice, the first time drip water 10-15 cubic meters per mu, 3-5 days later, the second time drip water 10-15 cubic meters per mu, the total drip water volume is about 20-30 cubic meters per mu, with the seed hole moist as the standard; apply 1-2 kg / mu of humic acid fertilizer or biological fertilizer or acid fertilizer with the drip water; Seedling management: including drip fertilization, soil sealing to conserve moisture, chemical regulation and disease and pest control.

7. The method for raising cotton seedlings by dripping water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 6 comprises: Bud management: including drip fertilization, chemical regulation and pest and disease control; Management during the flowering and boll period: including drip fertilization, timely topping, chemical regulation, pest and disease control, and foliar fertilization; Management during the boll opening period: includes dripping water and chemical defoliation.

8. The method for raising cotton seedlings by dripping water according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 7, cotton is harvested when the defoliation rate is ≥90% and the cotton boll opening rate is ≥95%. The picking quality requirements are that the clean cotton rate is ≤93%, the total loss rate is ≤5%, the impurity rate of the harvested seed cotton is ≤10%, and the moisture regain of the seed cotton is ≤12%.