Shooting auxiliary training method and system based on image data analysis

Abstract

The invention discloses a shooting aided training method and system based on image data analysis, and relates to the technical field of shooting aided training, and the main scheme is as follows: obtaining image data, motion state and strength data of an athlete in a shooting process, calculating parameters such as a shooting angle, a shooting speed, a vertical speed component and a hit rate, and obtaining a shooting training result; constructing a three-dimensional model of the shooting action; analyzing the standard deviation of each parameter and the heart rate influence coefficient, comparing with a preset threshold value to select different training methods, evaluating the influence of different training schemes on the hit rate, and displaying data comparison after training through a data feedback module; scientific and accurate shooting training assistance is provided for athletes, and the shooting technical level is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of basketball shooting assistance training, and in particular to a basketball shooting assistance training method and system based on image data analysis. Background Art

[0002] Traditional shooting training mainly relies on the subjective judgment of coaches and lacks scientific and accurate data support. On the one hand, it is difficult to quantify key indicators such as shooting angle and shooting speed, the error is large and it is impossible to give precise improvement directions. On the other hand, data collection is not systematic, and it is impossible to understand the performance changes at different stages and evaluate the effectiveness of training methods. It also ignores the individual differences of shooters, and it is difficult to meet personalized needs using a unified training model.

[0003] At present, some shooting training aids have many limitations. Some have single functions, only focus on one aspect of indicators, and cannot provide comprehensive feedback; the measurement accuracy is limited, and the data is inaccurate due to precision limitations or environmental interference, which misleads the training direction; there is a lack of real-time feedback and dynamic analysis, and it is impossible to make timely adjustments during training and it is difficult to track changing trends and formulate long-term plans. In addition, it is difficult to integrate with modern technology and cannot achieve intelligent and personalized training. Summary of the invention

[0004] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a shooting auxiliary training method and system based on image data analysis, which calculates the shooting angle, shooting speed, vertical speed component and hit rate through data extraction and three-dimensional reconstruction modules, thereby reducing the subjectivity of human judgment; comprehensively analyzes the shooting image data to provide players with a clear direction for improvement and targeted training suggestions; establishes a three-dimensional model of the shooting action to more intuitively display the shooting action and help players better understand and improve the technique; analyzes the relationship between heart rate and hit rate, incorporates physiological status into training considerations, and improves the comprehensiveness and scientificity of training; selects appropriate training methods for players through preset threshold comparison, and evaluates the effects of different training programs on hit rate to achieve personalized training.

[0006] (II) Technical solution

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a shooting auxiliary training method based on image data analysis, comprising:

[0008] Obtain the shooting data of the athlete during the shooting process in the current training cycle;

[0009] Calculate the basic shooting data based on the shooting data, and calculate the shooting angle θ based on the basic shooting data i , Shot speed v i, vertical velocity component vy i , and build a three-dimensional model of shooting action in combination with shooting data;

[0010] Based on the basic shooting data and shooting angle θ i , Shot speed v i and the vertical velocity component vy i Calculate the standard deviation of shooting angle before training σ θ , standard deviation of shooting speed before training σ v , standard deviation of vertical velocity component before training σ vy , hit rate HRe and heart rate influence coefficient r;

[0011] Preset threshold value collection; compare the corresponding threshold values ​​of the threshold value collection with the standard deviation σ of the shooting angle before training θ , standard deviation of shooting speed before training σ v , standard deviation of vertical velocity component before training σ vy Compare with the heart rate influence coefficient r and choose different training plans based on the evaluation results;

[0012] Determine the effectiveness of the results of different training programs;

[0013] Calculate the comprehensive score ZH before training and the comprehensive score XLH after training, and further calculate the improvement value CZ. Judge the status improvement effect based on the improvement value CZ, and form an effect display report based on various data before and after training.

[0014] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned shooting auxiliary training method based on image data analysis: the method for acquiring shooting image data 1 is:

[0015] Input the preset shooting area through the system interface and activate various sensors and camera arrays;

[0016] The image data and sensor data of the athletes are continuously monitored by sensors and cameras, and time synchronization and spatial alignment are performed to obtain shooting image data 1.

[0017] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned shooting auxiliary training method based on image data analysis: the method of constructing a three-dimensional model of the shooting action is:

[0018] Use convolutional neural network (CNN) to identify and extract the shooter's arm, wrist, and shooting action in the image data to obtain basic shooting data;

[0019] Calculate the shooting angle θ according to the basic shooting data i and shooting speed v i ;

[0020] According to the shooting angle θ iand shooting speed v i Calculate the vertical velocity component vy i ;

[0021] According to the shooting angle θ i and shooting speed v i Calculate the vertical velocity component vy i , combined with image data, a three-dimensional model of the shooting action is constructed.

[0022] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned shooting auxiliary training method based on image data analysis: calculating the shooting angle θ i The method is:

[0023] The basic shooting data at least includes the shooting arm coordinates (xb i ,yb i ) and shooting wrist coordinates (xw i , yw i );

[0024] According to the shooting arm coordinates (xb i ,yb i ) and shooting wrist coordinates (xw i , yw i ) Calculate the shooting angle θ i , the formula is as follows:

[0025] θ i =atan2(yw i -y bi ,xw i -x bi )

[0026] Among them, θ i is the angle between the shooting arm or wrist and the horizontal plane during the i-th shot, i is the sequence number of the shot, and the value is a positive integer, θ i The value range is The result is mapped to [-90°,90°] by adjusting the coordinate system.

[0027] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned shooting auxiliary training method based on image data analysis: calculating the hand speed v i The method is:

[0028] The basic shooting data also includes the coordinates of the shooting time point (xs i , ys i ), the coordinates of the end time point (xj i , yj i );

[0029] According to the coordinates of the shooting time point (xs i , ys i) and the end time point coordinates (xj i , yj i ) Calculate the hand speed v i , the formula is as follows:

[0030]

[0031] Among them, t is the interval between these two time points, and the shooting speed v i represents the shooting speed of the i-th shooting action, which is a positive integer;

[0032] Calculate the vertical velocity component vy i The formula used is as follows:

[0033] vy i =v i ·sin(θ i )

[0034] Among them, sin(θ i ) represents the proportional relationship between the vertical component and the total velocity; when θ i When it is 0°, sin(θ i )=0, indicating no vertical component; when θ i When it is 90°, sin(θ i )=1, indicating that the vertical component is equal to the total velocity, the vertical velocity component vy i Represents the vertical velocity component calculated for the i-th shooting action.

[0035] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned shooting auxiliary training method based on image data analysis: calculating the standard deviation σ of the shooting angle before training θ , standard deviation of shooting speed before training σ v , standard deviation of vertical velocity component before training σ vy , the method of calculating the hit rate HRe and heart rate influence coefficient r before training is:

[0036] The basic shooting data also includes the shooting angle θ a , Hit speed v a , vertical velocity component vy a ; Calculate the average shooting angle θ avg , average shot speed v avg and the average component value of vertical velocity vy avg ;

[0037] According to the shooting angle θ i , Shot speed v i , vertical velocity component vy i , the average shooting angle θ avg , average shot speed vavg and the average vertical velocity component value vy of the hit avg Calculate the standard deviation σ before shooting angle training respectively θ , the standard deviation σ before release speed training v , the standard deviation σ before vertical velocity component training vy ; The formulas are as follows respectively:

[0038]

[0039] The basic shooting data also includes the number of hits MZ and the total number of shots ZCS. Calculate the shooting hit rate HRe before training according to the number of hits MZ and the total number of shots ZCS. The formula is as follows:

[0040]

[0041] The basic shooting data also includes the heart rate value HR. Calculate the heart rate influence coefficient r according to the heart rate value HR and the shooting hit rate HRe. The formula is as follows:

[0042]

[0043] Among them, cov represents the covariance function, and its value range is (-∞, +∞), and std represents the standard deviation function, and its value range is [0, +∞).

[0044] In the preferred scheme of the above shooting assistance training method based on image data analysis: The method of selecting different training schemes is as follows:

[0045] The threshold set includes the standard deviation threshold JD of the shooting angle before training, the standard deviation threshold SD of the release speed before training, the standard deviation threshold CZS of the vertical velocity component before training, and the ideal interval range [L min , X max ;

[0046] When σ θ ≤JD, it is judged that there is no need to increase the training of the shooting angle;

[0047] When σ θ >JD, it is judged that the training of the shooting angle needs to be increased;

[0048] When σ v <SD, it is judged that there is no need to increase the training of the release speed;

[0049] When σ v >SD, it is judged that the training of the release speed needs to be increased;

[0050] When σ vy <CZS, it is judged that there is no need to increase the training of the vertical direction force;

[0051] When σ vy >CZS, it is judged that it is necessary to increase the vertical force training.

[0052] When L min ≤r≤X max When , it means that the relationship between heart rate and hit rate is within the ideal range, and there is no need to increase cardiopulmonary function training;

[0053] When <L min or r>X max When you are in the middle of a day, you need to increase your cardiopulmonary function training;

[0054] Different auxiliary training programs are selected according to the evaluation results, as follows:

[0055] When σ θ >JD, choose auxiliary training plan 1;

[0056] When σ v >SD, choose auxiliary training plan 2;

[0057] When σ vy >CZS, choose auxiliary training plan 3;

[0058] When <L min or r>X max When the training is completed, select auxiliary training plan 4;

[0059] When there are multiple items that do not meet the standards, select one of the auxiliary training plans as the improvement plan. When the standards are met, replace it with other auxiliary training plans until all items meet the standards.

[0060] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned shooting auxiliary training method based on image data analysis, the specific method for determining the effectiveness of the results of different auxiliary training programs is as follows:

[0061] When auxiliary training scheme 1 is selected, the standard deviation of shooting angle after the first training cycle after auxiliary training, σX θ And the hit rate after training HReX, the standard deviation of the shooting angle after training σX θ The standard deviation of shooting angle before training σ θ Compare with the standard deviation threshold JD before shooting angle training; when JD<σX θ <σ θ , and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and there is room for improvement, and this training should be continued; when σX θ <JD<σ θWhen JD < σ, and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and meets the standard, and there is no need to continue this training; when JD < σ θ <σX θ , it is determined that this auxiliary training is invalid and the training content needs to be changed; and if the hit rate after training HReX ≤ the hit rate before training HRe, then this auxiliary training is invalid;

[0062] When auxiliary training scheme 2 is selected, the standard deviation of the shooting speed after the first training cycle after auxiliary training, σX v and the hit rate after training HReX, the standard deviation of the shooting speed after training σX v and the standard deviation of shooting speed before training σ v Compared with the standard deviation threshold SD before hand speed training; when SD<σX v <σ v , and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and there is room for improvement, and this training should be continued; when σX v <SD<σ v When SD < σ v <σX v , it is determined that this auxiliary training is invalid and the training content needs to be changed; and if the hit rate after training HReX ≤ the hit rate before training HRe, then this auxiliary training is invalid;

[0063] When auxiliary training scheme 3 is selected, the standard deviation σX of the vertical velocity component after the first training cycle after auxiliary training is calculated. vy And the hit rate after training HReX, the standard deviation of the vertical velocity component after training σX vy The standard deviation of the vertical velocity component before training σ vy Compare with the standard deviation threshold CZS of the vertical velocity component before training; when CZS<σX vy <σ vy , and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and there is room for improvement, and this training should be continued; when σX vy <CZS<σ vy , and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and meets the standard, and there is no need to continue this training; when CZS<σ vy <σX vy, it is determined that this auxiliary training is invalid and the training content needs to be changed; and if the hit rate after training HReX ≤ the hit rate before training HRe, then this auxiliary training is invalid;

[0064] When auxiliary training program 4 is selected, the heart rate influence coefficient rX and the hit rate HReX after training in the first training cycle after auxiliary training are calculated, and the heart rate influence coefficient rX after training is compared with the heart rate influence coefficient r before training and the ideal interval range [L min ,X max ] to compare; when X max <rX<r, and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and this training should be continued; when rX<X max <r, and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and meets the standard, and there is no need to continue this training; when r<rX<L min When r<L min <rX, and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is judged that the standard has been met and there is no need to continue this training; and if the hit rate HReX after training ≤ the hit rate HRe before training, this auxiliary training is invalid.

[0065] In the above preferred embodiment of the shooting auxiliary training method based on image data analysis, the method for judging the state improvement effect is:

[0066] The standard deviation σ before training according to the shooting angle θ , standard deviation of shooting speed before training σ v , standard deviation of vertical velocity component before training σ vy , heart rate influence coefficient r and pre-training hit rate HRe are used to calculate the pre-training comprehensive score ZH, based on the following formula:

[0067] ZH=w1×σ θ +w2×σ v +w3×σ vy +w4×r+w5×HRe

[0068] Among them, w1 is the standard deviation of shooting angle before training σ θ The weight coefficient ranges from 0.1 to 0.3, and w2 is the standard deviation of the shooting speed before training σ v The weight coefficient ranges from 0.2 to 0.4, and w3 is the standard deviation of the vertical velocity component before training σ vyThe weight coefficient, with a value range of 0.15 to 0.35, w4 is the weight coefficient of the heart rate influence coefficient r, with a value range of 0.05 to 0.2, w5 is the weight coefficient of the hit rate HRe before training, with a value range of 0.2 to 0.4, and w1 + w2 + w3 + w4 + w5 = 1;

[0069] According to the standard deviation σX after basketball angle training θ and the standard deviation σX after shooting speed training v and the standard deviation σX after vertical speed component training vy and the heart rate influence coefficient rX after training and the hit rate HReX after training, and calculate the comprehensive score XLH after training. The formula is:

[0070] XLH = z1×σX θ + z2×σX v + z3×σX vy + z4×rX + z5×HReX

[0071] where z1 is the weight coefficient of the standard deviation σX after shooting angle training θ with a value range of 0.1 to 0.3, z2 is the weight coefficient of the standard deviation σX after shooting speed training v with a value range of 0.2 to 0.4, z3 is the weight coefficient of the standard deviation σX after vertical speed component training vy with a value range of 0.15 to 0.35, z4 is the weight coefficient of the heart rate influence coefficient rX after training, with a value range of 0.05 to 0.2, z5 is the weight coefficient of the hit rate HReX after training, with a value range of 0.2 to 0.4, and z1 + z2 + z3 + z4 + z5 = 1;

[0072] Calculate the progress amplitude value CZ based on the comprehensive score ZH before training and the comprehensive score XLH after training. The formula is:

[0073] CZ = ZH - XLH

[0074] Set the improvement degree threshold set, which includes a small improvement T1, a medium improvement T2, and a large improvement T3;

[0075] When CZ ≤ T1, it is judged as a small improvement state;

[0076] When T1 < CZ ≤ T2, it is judged as a medium improvement state;

[0077] When T2 < CZ ≤ T3, it is judged as a large improvement state;

[0078] When CZ > T3, it is judged as an extremely large improvement state.

[0079] The present invention also discloses a shooting auxiliary training system based on image data analysis, comprising:

[0080] The image acquisition and data fusion module is used to obtain the shooting data of the athlete during the shooting process in the current training cycle;

[0081] The data extraction and 3D reconstruction module can calculate the basic shooting data based on the shooting data, and calculate the shooting angle θ based on the basic shooting data i , Shot speed v i , vertical velocity component vy i , and build a three-dimensional model of shooting action in combination with shooting data;

[0082] The first data analysis module is based on the basic shooting data and the shooting angle θ i , Shot speed v i and the vertical velocity component v yi Calculate the standard deviation of shooting angle before training σ θ , standard deviation of shooting speed before training σ v , standard deviation of vertical velocity component before training σ vy , hit rate HRe and heart rate influence coefficient r;

[0083] The first data comparison module is used to preset a threshold set; the corresponding thresholds of the threshold set are compared with the standard deviation σ of the shooting angle before training θ , standard deviation of shooting speed before training σ v , standard deviation of vertical velocity component before training σ vy Compare with the heart rate influence coefficient r and choose different training plans based on the evaluation results;

[0084] The second data analysis module is used to determine the effectiveness of the results of different training programs;

[0085] The data feedback module is used to calculate the pre-training comprehensive score ZH and the post-training comprehensive score XLH, and further calculate the improvement value CZ, judge the state improvement effect based on the improvement value CZ, and combine the data before and after training to form an effect display report.

[0086] (III) Beneficial effects

[0087] The present invention provides a shooting auxiliary training method and system based on image data analysis, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0088] (1) Through image data analysis and 3D model construction, the shooting parameters can be accurately measured to provide players with a scientific training basis and improve the accuracy of training;

[0089] (2) Based on the data comparison and analysis results, select appropriate training methods for players, conduct personalized training based on individual differences, and improve training results;

[0090] (3) Intuitive 3D model display and detailed data feedback help players better understand shooting movements, identify problems and make improvements in a timely manner, and effectively improve their shooting skills;

[0091] (4) Correlate physiological states such as heart rate with hit rate, comprehensively consider various factors in training, and improve the scientificity and comprehensiveness of training;

[0092] (5) Systematic data collection and analysis, as well as targeted selection of training methods, can reduce blind training and improve training efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0093] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the working steps of a shooting auxiliary training method based on image data analysis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0094] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0095] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a shooting auxiliary training method based on image data analysis, comprising the following steps:

[0096] Step 1: Obtain the shooting data of the athlete during the shooting process in the current training cycle;

[0097] Step one includes the following steps:

[0098] Step 101: Input a preset shooting area through the system interface. The preset shooting area includes: shooting areas at different positions outside the three-point line, which can be subdivided into bottom corner three-point area, 45-degree three-point area, arc top three-point area, etc.; mid-range shooting area, such as near the extended free throw line, the horns on both sides, etc.; close-range shooting area under the basket;

[0099] It should be noted that in practical applications, the shooting area needs to be set according to the actual basketball court and situation.

[0100] Step 102: Activate various sensors and cameras to monitor athlete image data and sensor data;

[0101] Step 103: Perform time synchronization and spatial alignment on the image data and the sensor data to obtain shooting image data 1;

[0102] Combined with the contents of step 101 to step 103: Through the above steps, the system can accurately capture and integrate the multi-dimensional data of athletes in the shooting training cycle, including image records of different shooting areas, detailed shooting technical parameters, angles, speeds, sports physiological states, heart rate and power output. This comprehensive data collection and synchronous alignment not only provides athletes and coaches with intuitive and accurate shooting performance feedback, but also deeply analyzes the relationship between shooting efficiency and sports state and power application, so as to formulate more scientific and personalized training plans. In addition, the detailed analysis of specific shooting areas helps to identify and optimize the technical shortcomings of athletes in specific positions, and further improve their overall shooting ability.

[0103] Step 2: Calculate the basic shooting data based on the shooting data, and calculate the shooting angle θ based on the basic shooting data i , Shot speed v i , vertical velocity component vy i , and build a three-dimensional model of shooting action in combination with shooting data;

[0104] Step 2 includes the following steps:

[0105] Step 201: using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to identify and extract the arm, wrist, and shooting action of the shooter in the image data to obtain basic shooting data;

[0106] Step 202: Calculate the shooting angle θ according to the basic shooting data i and shooting speed v i ; Specifically:

[0107] Step 2021: Calculate the shooting angle θ i The method is:

[0108] The basic shooting data at least includes the shooting arm coordinates (xb i ,yb i ) and shooting wrist coordinates (xw i , yw i );

[0109] According to the shooting arm coordinates (xb i ,yb i ) and shooting wrist coordinates (xw i , yw i ) Calculate the shooting angle θ i , the formula is as follows:

[0110] θ i =atan2(ywi -y bi ,xw i -x bi )

[0111] Among them, θ i is the angle between the shooting arm or wrist and the horizontal plane during the i-th shot. The value of i is 1, 2, ..., n, where n is the total number of shots and is a positive integer. θ i The value range is The result is mapped to [-90°,90°] by adjusting the coordinate system.

[0112] The principle of this formula is based on the characteristics of the inverse tangent function atan2. The mathematical function atan2 receives two parameters, the difference in the ordinate of one point relative to another point on the plane (yw i -y bi ) and the horizontal coordinate difference (xw i -x bi ), according to (yw i -y bi ) and (xw i -x bi ) is used to calculate the angle between the shooting arm or wrist and the horizontal plane. The angle between the shooting arm or wrist and the horizontal plane is the angle of the vector connecting the two points from the positive direction of the axis counterclockwise. The angle calculated by this formula can represent the shooting angle of the shooter when shooting.

[0113] Step 2022: Calculate the hand speed v i The method is:

[0114] The basic shooting data also includes the coordinates of the shooting time point (xs i , ys i ), the coordinates of the end time point (xj i , yj i );

[0115] According to the coordinates of the shooting time point (xs i , ys i ) and the coordinates of the end time point (xj i , yj i ) Calculate the hand speed v i , the formula is as follows:

[0116]

[0117] Where t is the interval between these two time points. i represents the shooting speed of the i-th shooting action;

[0118] The principle of this formula represents the average speed of an object moving from one position to another within a period of time t. The average speed is calculated by measuring the position change of the shooting time point and the ending time point in the video frame. By analyzing the shooting speed, we can understand the shooting strength, rhythm, coordination of movements and other aspects, providing a basis for improving shooting techniques.

[0119] Step 203: The formula for calculating the vertical velocity component vy is as follows:

[0120] vy i =v i ·sin(θ i )

[0121] Among them, sin(θ i ) represents the proportional relationship between the vertical component and the total velocity; when θ i When it is 0°, sin(θ i )=0, indicating no vertical component; when θ i When it is 90°, sin(θ i )=1, indicating that the vertical component is equal to the total velocity; the vertical velocity component vy i represents the vertical velocity component calculated for the i-th shooting action;

[0122] It should be noted that the shooting speed v i is the total velocity of the basketball when it leaves the hand, which includes the vertical component vy that makes the basketball fly upward i ;

[0123] The principle of this formula is to calculate the component of the velocity in the vertical direction according to the total velocity of the object and the angle between the moving direction and the horizontal direction; in this embodiment, the vertical velocity component is used to analyze the vertical movement of the basketball during the shooting process. For example, a higher vertical velocity component means a higher shooting height, which helps the basketball pass the defender or fall into the basket. By monitoring the changes in the vertical velocity component, the shooter's force generation method and the stability of the technical action can be evaluated, providing specific indicators and directions for improving shooting techniques.

[0124] Step 204: According to the shooting angle θ i and shooting speed v i Calculate the vertical velocity component vy i , combined with image data, a three-dimensional model of the shooting action is constructed.

[0125] Combined with the contents of step 201 to step 204: by using a convolutional neural network to identify and extract the shooter's arm, wrist and shooting action in the image data, basic shooting data including the shooting arm coordinates, shooting wrist coordinates, shooting time point coordinates and end time point coordinates are obtained, providing an accurate data basis for subsequent analysis; the shooting angle, shooting speed and vertical speed component are calculated according to a specific formula, and these parameters can comprehensively reflect the key characteristics of the shooting action. For example, the shooting angle can measure the accuracy of the direction of the shot, the shooting speed helps to analyze the strength and rhythm of the shot, and the vertical speed component has an important influence on the flight height and trajectory of the basketball. By constructing a three-dimensional model of the shooting action, the dynamic characteristics of the shooting action can be intuitively displayed, so that athletes and coaches can deeply understand the details of the shooting technique and more easily identify potential technical problems; combined with the hit rate data, the system not only provides a detailed shooting performance evaluation, but also evaluates the training effect, providing athletes with instant feedback, which helps to formulate targeted training plans and promote the continuous improvement and enhancement of shooting skills.

[0126] Step 3: Based on the basic shooting data and shooting angle θ i , Shot speed v i and the vertical velocity component vy i Calculate the standard deviation of shooting angle before training σ θ , standard deviation of shooting speed before training σ v , standard deviation of vertical velocity component before training σ vy , hit rate HRe and heart rate influence coefficient r before training;

[0127] Step three includes the following steps:

[0128] Step 301: Calculate the standard deviation σ of the shooting angle before training θ , standard deviation of shooting speed before training σ v , standard deviation of vertical velocity component before training σ vy , the method of calculating the hit rate HRe and heart rate influence coefficient r before training is:

[0129] Step 3011: The basic shooting data also includes the shooting angle θ a , Hit speed v a , vertical velocity component vy a ; Calculate the average shooting angle θ avg , average shot speed v avg and the average component value of vertical velocity vy avg ;

[0130] The formulas used are as follows:

[0131]

[0132] Among them, θ a is the shooting angle when the ath shot is successful, a is the sequence number of the successful shot, which takes values ​​of 1, 2, 3...y, and y is the total number of shots, which takes values ​​of positive integers; v a is the shooting speed when the ath shot is successful; vy a is the vertical velocity component when the a-th shot is successful;

[0133] Step 3012: According to the shooting angle θ i , Shot speed v i , vertical velocity component vy i , the average shooting angle θ avg , average shot speed v avg and the average component value of vertical velocity vy avg Calculate the standard deviation of shooting angle before training σ θ , standard deviation of shooting speed before training σ v , standard deviation of vertical velocity component before training σ vy ;

[0134] Calculate the standard deviation of shooting angle before training σ θ The formula is as follows:

[0135]

[0136] Among them, θ i is the angle between the shooting arm or wrist and the horizontal plane during the i-th shot, i is the sequence number of the shot; σ θ is the standard deviation of the shooting angle before training, which reflects the fluctuation of the shooting angle in a series of shots. A small standard deviation indicates that the shooting angle is relatively stable; if the standard deviation is large, it means that the shooting angle changes greatly and the shooting stability is poor;

[0137] Calculate the standard deviation of hand speed before training σ v The formula is as follows:

[0138]

[0139] Among them, v i represents the shooting speed of the i-th shooting action, which is a positive integer; σ v is the standard deviation of the shooting speed before training, which reflects the fluctuation of the shooting speed in a series of shots. A small standard deviation indicates that the shooting speed is relatively stable, while a large standard deviation indicates that the shooting speed varies greatly and has poor stability.

[0140] Calculate the standard deviation σ of the vertical velocity component before training vy The formula is as follows:

[0141]

[0142] Among them, vy i is the vertical velocity component calculated for the i-th shooting action, and its value is a positive integer; σ vy It is the standard deviation of the vertical velocity component before training, reflecting the fluctuation of the vertical velocity component in a series of shots. A small standard deviation indicates that the vertical velocity component is relatively stable, while a large standard deviation indicates that the vertical velocity component changes greatly and has poor stability.

[0143] Step 3013: Calculate the heart rate influence coefficient r according to the heart rate value HR and the hit rate HRe, based on the following formula:

[0144]

[0145] Among them, cov represents the covariance function, cov(HR,HRe) represents the covariance calculation of the heart rate value HR and the hit rate HRe, and the value range is (-∞,+∞), std represents the standard deviation function, and represents the standard deviation calculation of the value HR and the hit rate HRe, and the value range is [0,+∞);

[0146] It should be noted that the covariance in this formula measures the degree and direction of the linear relationship between the heart rate value HR and the hit rate HRe; when the covariance is positive, it means that the heart rate value and the hit rate have a positive correlation in the trend of change, that is, the hit rate may also tend to increase when the heart rate increases; when the covariance is negative, it indicates that the two are negatively correlated, and the hit rate may decrease when the heart rate increases; the value of the covariance reflects the strength of the linear relationship between the two variables. The larger the value, the stronger the linear relationship; the smaller the value, the weaker the linear relationship.

[0147] The standard deviation std(HR) reflects the fluctuation of heart rate in different shooting situations. A small standard deviation indicates that the heart rate is relatively stable and does not change much; a large standard deviation indicates that the heart rate changes greatly in different shooting situations.

[0148] The standard deviation std(HRe) reflects the fluctuation of the hit rate at different shooting situations. A small standard deviation indicates that the hit rate is relatively stable with small changes; a large standard deviation indicates that the hit rate fluctuates greatly.

[0149] Combined with the content of step three: By counting the shooting angles, shooting speeds and vertical speed components during the training cycle and calculating the corresponding average values, key reference data is provided for subsequent analysis. Using a specific formula to calculate the pre-training standard deviation of the shooting angles, shooting speeds and vertical speed components can accurately quantify the fluctuations of these parameters in a series of shots, thereby clearly reflecting the stability of the shot. A smaller standard deviation means that the corresponding parameter is relatively stable, which helps to improve the accuracy and predictability of the shot; a larger standard deviation indicates that the parameter needs to be adjusted and trained to improve stability. The heart rate influence coefficient is calculated based on the heart rate value and the hit rate. By combining the covariance function and the standard deviation function, the degree and direction of the linear relationship between heart rate and hit rate are deeply analyzed, providing a more comprehensive perspective for training. Understanding the relationship between heart rate and hit rate can help athletes better adjust their own status. For example, when the heart rate is too high, which may lead to a decrease in hit rate, appropriate measures can be taken, such as adjusting the training intensity and psychological counseling. These calculations and analyses provide a scientific basis for developing personalized shooting training plans, which helps to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of shooting training, thereby promoting the continuous improvement of athletes' shooting skills.

[0150] Step 4: Preset a threshold set; compare the corresponding thresholds of the threshold set with the standard deviation of the shooting angle before training σ θ , standard deviation of shooting speed before training σ v , standard deviation of vertical velocity component before training σ vy Compare with the heart rate influence coefficient r and choose different training plans based on the evaluation results;

[0151] The specific steps of step 4 are:

[0152] Step 401: The method of selecting different training programs is as follows:

[0153] The threshold set includes the standard deviation threshold JD of the shooting angle before training, the standard deviation threshold SD of the shooting speed before training, the standard deviation threshold CZS of the vertical velocity component before training and the ideal interval range [L min ,X max ];

[0154] Step 4011: Preset the standard deviation threshold JD of the shooting angle before training;

[0155] When σ θ When ≤JD, it is judged that no additional shooting angle training is needed; this means that the current shooting angle is relatively stable and no additional training specifically for the shooting angle is needed;

[0156] When σ θWhen JD, it is determined that training on shooting angle needs to be increased; it indicates that the stability of the shooting angle is poor and auxiliary training programs are needed to improve the stability of the shooting angle.

[0157] Step 4012: Preset the standard deviation threshold SD before the release speed training;

[0158] When σ v < SD, it is determined that training on release speed does not need to be increased; it indicates that the current release speed has good stability and no additional training for release speed is required;

[0159] When σ v > SD, it is determined that training on release speed needs to be increased; it indicates that the current release speed has poor stability and auxiliary training programs are needed to improve the stability of the release speed;

[0160] Step 4013: Preset the standard deviation threshold CZS before the vertical speed component training;

[0161] When σ vy < CZS, it is determined that training on vertical force application does not need to be increased; it indicates that the current vertical speed component has good stability and no special training for vertical force application is required;

[0162] When σ vy > CZS, it is determined that training on vertical force application needs to be increased; it indicates that the vertical speed component has poor stability and auxiliary training programs are needed to improve the stability of vertical force application.

[0163] Step 4014: Preset the ideal interval range [L min , X max ;

[0164] When L min ≤ r ≤ X max It indicates that the relationship between heart rate and hit rate is within the ideal interval range; no training on cardiopulmonary function needs to be increased;

[0165] When r < L min or r > X max It is necessary to increase the training on cardiopulmonary function;

[0166] When r > X max It indicates that the positive correlation between heart rate and hit rate is too strong. For example, it may be that the athlete is too nervous or fatigued, resulting in a high heart rate and affecting the shooting hit rate. Consider adjusting the training intensity, increasing the rest time, or providing psychological counseling to relieve the nervousness;

[0167] Further analyze the reasons for the high heart rate, such as by checking whether the training plan is too heavy or whether external pressure and other factors affect the athlete's mental state;

[0168] When <L min When the heart rate is too low, it indicates that the relationship between heart rate and hit rate is weak. You should consider adjusting your training methods, such as adding some targeted physical training or psychological training, to improve the correlation between heart rate and hit rate.

[0169] Step 402: Select different auxiliary training programs according to the evaluation results, as follows:

[0170] When σ θ >JD, choose auxiliary training plan 1;

[0171] The first auxiliary training program is to train the shooting angle, for example, to improve the stability and accuracy of the shooting angle through specific training methods. Specifically:

[0172] Spot shooting practice:

[0173] Set up multiple fixed shooting points, such as the free throw line, 45-degree angles on both sides, etc. Perform a large number of repetitive shooting exercises at each point to familiarize your body with the feeling of shooting angles at specific positions.

[0174] During practice, focus on keeping the shooting angle consistent for each shot. You can set a marker in front of the shooting point as an aiming point to help determine the shooting angle.

[0175] Record the hits of each shot and the deviation of the shooting angle for subsequent analysis and improvement.

[0176] Fixed-point shooting at different distances, gradually increasing the shooting distance, challenging you to maintain a stable shooting angle at a longer distance.

[0177] Start from a short distance, such as the three-meter line, and then gradually increase to a longer distance near the midfield line. At different distances, feel the impact of arm force and body posture on the shooting angle and make adjustments.

[0178] With the help of auxiliary tools:

[0179] Use the shooting angle corrector. When practicing, install the corrector on a basketball and practice shooting. Through the restrictions of the corrector, you can force yourself to form the correct shooting angle and gradually develop good shooting habits. As practice progresses, you can gradually reduce your dependence on the corrector and improve your ability to control the shooting angle.

[0180] Use a laser sight installed on a basketball stand or other fixed location to emit a laser line as a reference for the shooting angle. When shooting, adjust your body posture and shooting angle so that the flight trajectory of the basketball coincides with the laser line. This way you can intuitively see whether your shooting angle is accurate and make timely adjustments.

[0181] Simulate game situation exercises:

[0182] Conduct competitive shooting drills and have a teammate interfere defensively to simulate actual game situations.

[0183] When there is defensive pressure, the stability of the shooting angle is more tested. Try to maintain the correct shooting angle under different defensive intensities to improve your adaptability in the game.

[0184] Some game rules can be set, such as limiting the shooting time, conducting score competitions, etc., to increase the fun and practicality of the practice.

[0185] Perform moving catch-and-shoot drills to simulate shooting immediately after catching the pass during a game.

[0186] During the exercise, teammates randomly pass the ball to the practitioner, who then quickly adjusts his body posture and shooting angle to shoot after receiving the ball while moving. This exercise can improve the ability to grasp the shooting angle in dynamic situations.

[0187] When σ v >SD, choose auxiliary training plan 2;

[0188] Auxiliary training program 2 focuses on improving the stability of shooting speed, such as improving shooting speed through strength training, skill practice and other methods. Specifically:

[0189] Upper body strength training:

[0190] Dumbbell Curl: Hold dumbbells with both hands and do curls to exercise the biceps. This can be done in groups, 8-12 times per group, and 3-4 groups.

[0191] Push-ups: Not only can you exercise your chest and deltoid muscles, but you can also strengthen your arms and shoulders. You can start with standard push-ups and gradually increase the difficulty, such as narrow-grip push-ups, one-handed push-ups, etc. Do 2-3 sets each time, 10-15 reps per set.

[0192] Pull-ups: Exercise your back and arms. If you can't do a standard pull-up at first, you can use auxiliary equipment or elastic bands to assist. Try to do each set to exhaustion, and do 2-3 sets.

[0193] Core strength training:

[0194] Plank support: Strengthen the core muscles of the abdomen and waist to provide stable support for the shot. Maintain the plank position for 30-60 seconds per set, and perform 3-4 sets.

[0195] Side plank: Exercise the side abdominal muscles. Hold each side for 30-45 seconds, and do 2-3 sets.

[0196] Supine Leg Raise: Lie on the ground, straighten your legs and slowly lift them to 90 degrees to the ground, then slowly lower them. Perform 10-15 times per set, and perform 3-4 sets.

[0197] Quick-release drill: Set a fixed shooting point and shoot quickly and continuously in a short period of time. For example, shoot as many shots as possible in 30 seconds, focusing on the speed of the shot rather than the hit rate. Through repeated practice, improve the reaction speed of the arm and wrist.

[0198] Play a timed shooting competition, set a time limit with your teammates or yourself, and see who can shoot more shots within the specified time. This can make practice more interesting and competitive, while also improving your shooting speed.

[0199] Rhythm training: Practice shooting while listening to music, choose music with a brisk rhythm, and shoot according to the rhythm of the music. For example, shoot when the music is repeated, cultivate a sense of rhythm in shooting, and thus improve the stability of shooting speed.

[0200] Use a metronome to set a suitable rhythm and practice shooting to the beat. Gradually increase the speed of the metronome and challenge yourself to maintain a steady shooting speed at a faster rhythm.

[0201] Simulate game situation practice: Conduct confrontational quick shot practice, find a teammate to interfere with defense, and simulate the actual situation in the game. Under the pressure of defense, make the shooting action as soon as possible to improve the speed and stability of the shot in a tense environment.

[0202] Set some game rules, such as completing a certain number of shots within a specified time, or conduct shooting practice in specific situations, such as shooting immediately after catching the ball, to increase the practicality of the practice.

[0203] Wrist and finger strength training: Use a handgrip to practice and strengthen the fingers and wrists. You can do it in groups, each group holding the handgrip for 10-15 contractions, and do 3-4 groups.

[0204] Do finger push-ups, use your fingers to support your body to do push-ups, and exercise the strength and stability of your fingers. Do 2-3 sets each time, 5-8 reps per set.

[0205] Perform wrist rotation exercises, holding light dumbbells or other objects, and rotate your wrists clockwise and counterclockwise, 10-15 times per set, and perform 3-4 sets.

[0206] When σ vy >CZS, choose auxiliary training plan 3;

[0207] Auxiliary training program three focuses on improving the stability of vertical force, such as enhancing the stability of vertical velocity components through lower limb strength training, jumping exercises, etc. Specifically:

[0208] Squat: Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart, squat slowly, keep your knees below your toes, and stand up slowly after your thighs are parallel to the ground. You can use a barbell to increase the load, and do 3-4 sets, 8-12 times each.

[0209] Single-leg squat: Stand on one leg and slowly squat down, leaving the other leg hanging in the air. This movement requires higher balance and lower limb strength. You can start by holding the wall with both hands, and gradually transition to completing it independently. Perform 2-3 sets on each side, 5-8 times per set.

[0210] Deadlift: Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart, bend over and hold the barbell, slowly lift the barbell until your body is upright. Keep your back straight and avoid bending over. You can choose the right weight according to your ability, and do 3-4 sets, 6-10 times each.

[0211] Single-leg deadlift: Stand on one leg, bend over and hold a dumbbell or other weight, and slowly lift it up until your body is upright. Perform 2-3 sets on each side, 8-10 times per set.

[0212] Squat jump: Squat first, then quickly jump up with force. Keep stable when landing, with knees slightly bent to cushion the impact. Perform 3-4 sets, 8-12 times each.

[0213] Jumping box exercise: Choose jumping boxes of different heights and practice jumping from low to high. Push the ground with both feet and jump onto the jumping box, keeping your body balanced. Perform 2-3 sets at each height, 5-8 times per set.

[0214] Yoga ball balance exercise: Sit on a yoga ball, keep your body balanced, and do some simple movements, such as lifting one foot, stretching your arms, etc. You can gradually increase the difficulty and complexity of the movements. Each exercise lasts 2 to 3 minutes.

[0215] Simulate the shooting and jumping action: Without a basketball, repeatedly perform the shooting and jumping action, focusing on the force of the lower limbs and the vertical push. Pay attention to maintaining the stability and continuity of the action, and perform 3-4 sets, 10-15 times each set.

[0216] Combine basketball with jumping and shooting exercises: Perform close-range jumping and shooting at the basket to feel the combination of lower limb force and shooting action. Gradually increase the shooting distance to improve the stability and accuracy of vertical force. Perform 10-15 shots per exercise.

[0217] When <L min or r>X max When the training is completed, select auxiliary training plan 4;

[0218] Auxiliary training program 4 is a comprehensive training program, or training for other aspects, such as psychological training, tactical training, etc. Specifically:

[0219] Stair sprints: Find a flight of stairs and sprint quickly. After running up the stairs, walk slowly down the stairs to recover, and then repeat multiple sets. The number and speed of sprints can be gradually increased according to the athlete's ability. Stair sprints can exercise leg strength and cardiopulmonary function, while also improving the body's coordination and balance.

[0220] Stress coping training: Simulate stressful situations in competitions and conduct training. For example, complete tasks within a limited time, train in a noisy environment, etc., to improve athletes' ability to cope with stress. Learn some stress coping techniques, such as deep breathing, muscle relaxation, positive thinking, etc. When facing stress, use these techniques in a timely manner to stay calm and focused.

[0221] Team tactical drills: For team sports, team tactical drills can be conducted. Simulate various tactical situations in the game with teammates to improve team coordination and tacit understanding. In tactical drills, focus on communication and collaboration, adjust tactical strategies in a timely manner, and improve the ability to deal with different situations.

[0222] Individual tactical training: Individual tactical training is conducted based on the position and characteristics of the athlete. For example, basketball players can practice tactical movements such as breakthroughs, shooting, and passing to improve their tactical execution capabilities in the game. Game videos are analyzed to identify the shortcomings of individual athletes in tactical execution and conduct targeted training and improvement.

[0223] When there are multiple items that do not meet the standards, select one of the auxiliary training plans as the improvement plan. When the standards are met, replace it with other auxiliary training plans until all items meet the standards.

[0224] When there are multiple non-standard items, select one of the auxiliary training programs as the improvement program. The purpose is to avoid overloading the athlete with too much training at the same time, and to focus on solving one major problem first. When one item meets the standard, switch to other auxiliary training programs until all items meet the standard; gradually improve the athlete's shooting performance to ensure that all aspects are fully trained and improved.

[0225] Combined with the contents of step 401 to step 402: by presetting the standard deviation thresholds of the shooting angle, the shooting speed, the vertical speed component, and the ideal range of the heart rate influence coefficient, the performance of the athlete on each key indicator can be accurately evaluated. When the indicators are in different threshold ranges, appropriate auxiliary training programs can be selected in a targeted manner, such as the training program 1 for the shooting angle can improve its stability and accuracy, the program 2 improves the shooting speed stability, the program 3 enhances the vertical force stability, and the program 4 conducts comprehensive or other specific training when the relationship between the heart rate and the hit rate is not in the ideal range. When there are multiple non-standard situations, select an auxiliary training program to focus on solving the main problems, and then change the program after reaching the standard, which not only avoids the athlete's excessive burden, but also gradually improves the shooting performance, ensuring that all aspects are fully trained and improved. Provides a personalized training path for athletes, helps to improve the scientificity, pertinence and effectiveness of training, and enables athletes to more efficiently improve their shooting skills and overall performance.

[0226] Step 5: Obtain the second shooting data after auxiliary training, and evaluate the results of different training programs to determine their effectiveness;

[0227] The specific steps of step five are:

[0228] Step 501: The specific method for determining the effectiveness of the results of different auxiliary training programs is as follows:

[0229] When auxiliary training scheme 1 is selected, the standard deviation of shooting angle after the first training cycle after auxiliary training, σX θ And the hit rate after training HReX, the standard deviation of the shooting angle after training σX θ The standard deviation of shooting angle before training σ θ Compare with the standard deviation threshold JD before shooting angle training; when JD<σX θ <σ θ , and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and there is room for improvement, and this training should be continued; when σX θ <JD<σ θ When JD < σ, and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and meets the standard, and there is no need to continue this training; when JD < σ θ <σX θ , it is determined that this auxiliary training is invalid and the training content needs to be changed; and if the hit rate after training HReX ≤ the hit rate before training HRe, then this auxiliary training is invalid;

[0230] When the standard deviation threshold JD before shooting angle training is less than the standard deviation σX after shooting angle training θ<Standard deviation of shooting angle before trainingσ θ , and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and there is room for improvement, so this training should be continued. It means that through this auxiliary training for shooting angles, the stability of the shooting angle has improved, but there is still room for improvement, and the hit rate has also been improved, so it is necessary to continue this training to further optimize the shooting angle;

[0231] When the standard deviation σX after shooting angle training θ < Standard deviation threshold of shooting angle before training JD < Standard deviation of shooting angle before training σ θ When the post-training hit rate HReX is greater than the pre-training hit rate HRe, the auxiliary training is considered effective and meets the standard, and there is no need to continue this training. This means that the shooting angle stability has reached a good level and the hit rate has also improved, indicating that the training has achieved the expected effect and no special training for shooting angles is required;

[0232] When the standard deviation σX after shooting angle training θ > Standard deviation of shooting angle before training σ θ When the standard deviation threshold before shooting angle training is greater than JD, the auxiliary training is considered invalid and the training content needs to be changed. This indicates that the auxiliary training has not improved the shooting angle stability and may even make the situation worse, so the training plan needs to be adjusted;

[0233] If the hit rate after training HReX ≤ the hit rate before training HRe, regardless of the standard deviation of the shooting angle after training, the auxiliary training is considered invalid. This means that even if the stability of the shooting angle has changed, the hit rate has not improved, indicating that the overall training effect is not good.

[0234] It should be noted that the standard deviation σX after shooting angle training is calculated θ The principle and method of calculating the standard deviation of shooting angle before training σ θ The principle and method of calculation of the hit rate HReX after training are the same as those of the hit rate HRe before training.

[0235] Step 502: The specific method for determining the effectiveness of the result of the auxiliary training scheme 2 is:

[0236] When auxiliary training scheme 2 is selected, the standard deviation of the shooting speed after the first training cycle after auxiliary training, σX v and the hit rate after training HReX, the standard deviation of the shooting speed after training σX v and the standard deviation of shooting speed before training σ v Compared with the standard deviation threshold SD before hand speed training; when SD<σXv <σ v , and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and there is room for improvement, and this training should be continued; when σX v <SD<σ v When SD < σ v <σX v , it is determined that this auxiliary training is invalid and the training content needs to be changed; and if the hit rate after training HReX ≤ the hit rate before training HRe, then this auxiliary training is invalid;

[0237] When the standard deviation threshold SD before hand speed training is less than the standard deviation σX after hand speed training v <Standard deviation of shooting speed before trainingσ v When the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and there is room for improvement, so this training should be continued. This means that the stability of the shooting speed has improved but still needs to be further improved, and the hit rate has also improved, so this training should be continued to optimize the shooting speed;

[0238] When the standard deviation σX after hand speed training v < Standard deviation threshold SD of hand speed before training < Standard deviation σ of hand speed before training v When the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and meets the standard, and there is no need to continue this training. This means that the stability of the shooting speed has reached a good level and the hit rate has also increased. The special training for shooting speed can be stopped;

[0239] When the standard deviation threshold SD of the hand speed before training is less than the standard deviation σ of the hand speed before training v <Standard deviation of shooting speed after training σX v , the auxiliary training is considered invalid and the training content needs to be changed. This indicates that the auxiliary training has failed to improve the stability of the shooting speed and the training plan needs to be adjusted;

[0240] If the hit rate after training HReX ≤ the hit rate before training HRe, then this auxiliary training is invalid, which means that the training did not improve the hit rate and the overall training effect is not good.

[0241] It should be noted that the standard deviation σX after hand speed training is calculated v The principle and method of calculating the standard deviation σ of hand speed before training vThe principle and method of calculation of the hit rate HReX after training are the same as those of the hit rate HRe before training.

[0242] Step 503: The specific method for determining the effectiveness of the results of the auxiliary training program 3 is as follows:

[0243] When auxiliary training scheme 3 is selected, the standard deviation σX of the vertical velocity component after the first training cycle after auxiliary training is calculated. vy And the hit rate after training HReX, the standard deviation of the vertical velocity component after training σX vy The standard deviation of the vertical velocity component before training σ vy Compare with the standard deviation threshold CZS of the vertical velocity component before training; when CZS<σX vy <σ vy , and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and there is room for improvement, and this training should be continued; when σX vy <CZS<σ vy , and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and meets the standard, and there is no need to continue this training; when CZS<σ vy <σX vy , it is determined that this auxiliary training is invalid and the training content needs to be changed; and if the hit rate after training HReX ≤ the hit rate before training HRe, then this auxiliary training is invalid;

[0244] When the standard deviation threshold CZS of the vertical velocity component before training is less than the standard deviation σX of the vertical velocity component after training vy When the vertical velocity component is less than the standard deviation before training, and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and there is room for improvement, so this training should be continued. This means that this training has improved the stability of the vertical velocity component to a certain extent, but it can still be improved, and the hit rate has also increased, so continue this training.

[0245] When the standard deviation of the vertical velocity component is trained σX vy <Vertical velocity component standard deviation threshold before training CZS <Vertical velocity component standard deviation before training σ vy When the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and meets the standard, and there is no need to continue this training. This means that the stability of the vertical velocity component is good and the hit rate is also improved. The special training for the vertical velocity component can be stopped.

[0246] When the vertical velocity component standard deviation threshold CZS before training is less than the vertical velocity component standard deviation σ before training vy<Standard deviation of vertical velocity component after trainingσX vy , it is determined that this auxiliary training is invalid and the training content needs to be changed. This means that the training did not improve the stability of the vertical velocity component and the program needs to be adjusted.

[0247] If the hit rate after training HReX ≤ the hit rate before training HRe, then this auxiliary training is invalid, which means that the training did not improve the hit rate and the overall training effect is not good.

[0248] It should be noted that the standard deviation σX of the vertical velocity component after training is calculated vy The principle and method of calculating the standard deviation σ of the vertical velocity component before training vy The principle and method of calculation of the hit rate HReX after training are the same as those of the hit rate HRe before training.

[0249] Step 504: The specific method for determining the effectiveness of the results of the auxiliary training program 4 is as follows:

[0250] When auxiliary training program 4 is selected, the heart rate influence coefficient rX and the hit rate HReX after training in the first training cycle after auxiliary training are calculated, and the heart rate influence coefficient rX after training is compared with the heart rate influence coefficient r before training and the ideal interval range [L min ,X max ] to compare; when X max <rX<r, and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and this training should be continued; when rX<X max <r, and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and meets the standard, and there is no need to continue this training; when r <rX<L min When r<L min <rX, and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is judged that the standard has been met and there is no need to continue this training; and if the hit rate HReX after training ≤ the hit rate HRe before training, the auxiliary training is invalid.

[0251] When the upper limit of the ideal interval X max When the heart rate influence coefficient rX after training is less than the heart rate influence coefficient r before training, and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and this training should be continued. This means that this training has improved the relationship between heart rate and hit rate, but there is still room for improvement, and the hit rate has also increased, so continue this training.

[0252] When the heart rate influence coefficient rX after training is less than the upper limit of the ideal interval Xmax When the heart rate influence coefficient r before training is less than the hit rate HReX after training, and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and meets the standard, and there is no need to continue this training. This means that the relationship between heart rate and hit rate is in a good state at this time, and the hit rate has also increased. This comprehensive or other training can be stopped.

[0253] When the heart rate influence coefficient before training r<the heart rate influence coefficient after training rX<the lower limit of the ideal interval L min When the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and this training should be continued; it means that this training has improved the relationship between heart rate and hit rate but there is still room for improvement, and the hit rate has also increased, so continue this training.

[0254] When the heart rate influence coefficient r before training is less than the lower limit of the ideal interval L min When the heart rate influence coefficient after training is less than rX, the auxiliary training is judged to be invalid and the training content needs to be changed. This indicates that the training has not improved the relationship between heart rate and hit rate, and the plan needs to be adjusted.

[0255] If the hit rate after training HReX ≤ the hit rate before training HRe, then this auxiliary training is invalid, which means that the training did not improve the hit rate and the overall training effect is not good.

[0256] It should be noted that the principle and method for calculating the heart rate influence coefficient rX are the same as those for the heart rate influence coefficient r before training; the principle and calculation method for the hit rate HReX after training are the same as those for the hit rate HRe before training.

[0257] It should be noted that the shooting angle standard deviation threshold JD, the shooting speed standard deviation threshold SD, the vertical speed component standard deviation threshold CZS and the ideal interval range [L min ,X max ] is set as follows:

[0258] By conducting statistical analysis on the historical shooting data of a large number of shooters of different levels, we can understand the distribution of shooting angles, shooting speeds, and vertical speed components in different situations, and preliminarily determine the corresponding thresholds and intervals based on typical values ​​or common intervals. Professional basketball coaches, athletes, and sports science experts, with their rich experience and in-depth understanding of shooting techniques, give reasonable suggestions based on the requirements of athletes of different levels, the intensity of the game, and training goals. For example, high-level professional athletes may require higher accuracy and stability, so the threshold will be set relatively low. Referring to the research results of sports physiology, considering the relationship between heart rate and sports performance, combined with the observation of the relationship between heart rate and shooting accuracy of different athletes in actual training and competition, the ideal interval range of the heart rate influence coefficient is determined, and individual differences are fully considered, and appropriate adjustments are made for athletes who are prone to tension or have good psychological qualities.

[0259] Combined with the contents of steps 501 to 504: for auxiliary training programs one to four, the shooting angle, shooting speed, vertical speed component and heart rate influence coefficient are analyzed respectively. By statistically analyzing the relevant data after auxiliary training and comparing it with the data before training and the preset threshold, the effectiveness of each program can be accurately judged. When it is judged to be effective and there is room for improvement, the corresponding training can be continued to further optimize the shooting performance; if the standard is met, there is no need to continue the training to avoid overtraining; when it is judged to be invalid, the training content can be changed in time to avoid the continuous waste of time and energy of invalid training. At the same time, a comprehensive judgment is made in combination with the hit rate to ensure that the training program really helps to improve the shooting hit rate. This meticulous effectiveness judgment method makes the training more scientific, accurate and efficient, and can adjust the training program in time according to the actual situation to maximize the athlete's shooting technique level and overall performance.

[0260] Step 6: Calculate the pre-training comprehensive score ZH and the post-training comprehensive score XLH, and further calculate the improvement value CZ. Determine the state improvement effect based on the improvement value CZ, and combine the data before and after training to form an effect display report.

[0261] The specific steps of step six are:

[0262] Step 601: The method for determining the status improvement effect is:

[0263] The standard deviation σ before training according to the shooting angle θ , standard deviation of shooting speed before training σ v , standard deviation of vertical velocity component before training σ vy , heart rate influence coefficient r and pre-training hit rate HRe are used to calculate the pre-training comprehensive score ZH, based on the following formula:

[0264] ZH=w1×σ θ +w2×σv +w3×σ vy +w4×r+w5×HRe

[0265] Where w1 is the standard deviation of the shooting angle before training σ θ The weight coefficient ranges from 0.1 to 0.3, and w2 is the standard deviation of the shooting speed before training σ v The weight coefficient ranges from 0.2 to 0.4, and w3 is the standard deviation of the vertical velocity component before training σ vy The weight coefficient of is in the range of 0.15 to 0.35, w4 is the weight coefficient of the heart rate influence coefficient r, in the range of 0.05 to 0.2, w5 is the weight coefficient of the hit rate HRe before training, in the range of 0.2 to 0.4, and w1+w2+w3+w4+w5=1;

[0266] This formula combines the five factors of pre-training standard deviation of shooting angle, pre-training standard deviation of shooting speed, pre-training standard deviation of vertical speed component, heart rate influence coefficient and pre-training hit rate through weighted summation to form a single pre-training stability evaluation coefficient, which reflects the pre-training shooting performance level;

[0267] The weight coefficient can be adjusted according to the actual situation, and the degree of influence of each parameter on shooting performance can be determined through expert experience, data analysis and other methods, so as to determine the appropriate weight. For example, if the stability of the shooting angle is considered to be very important to the shooting performance, a higher weight can be given to the standard deviation of the shooting angle before training; if the heart rate influence coefficient is relatively small, a lower weight can be given.

[0268] Standard deviation after training σX θ , standard deviation of shooting speed after training σX v , standard deviation of vertical velocity component after training σX vy , the heart rate influence coefficient rX after training and the hit rate HReX after training, and calculate the comprehensive score XLH after training, based on the formula:

[0269] XLH=z1×σX θ +z2×σX v +z3×σX vy +z4×rX+z5×HReX

[0270] Among them, z1 is the standard deviation of the shooting angle after training σX θ The weight coefficient ranges from 0.1 to 0.3, and z2 is the standard deviation of the shooting speed after training σX v The weight coefficient ranges from 0.2 to 0.4, and z3 is the standard deviation of the vertical velocity component after training σX vyThe weight coefficient z1 has a value range of 0.15 to 0.35, z4 is the weight coefficient of the heart rate influence coefficient rX after training, with a value range of 0.05 to 0.2, z5 is the weight coefficient of the hit rate HReX after training, with a value range of 0.2 to 0.4, and z1 + z2 + z3 + z4 + z5 = 1;

[0271] Step 602: Calculate the progress value CZ based on the pre-training comprehensive score ZH and the post-training comprehensive score XLH. The formula used is:

[0272] CZ = ZH - XLH

[0273] This formula obtains the progress value by calculating the difference between the post-training comprehensive score and the pre-training comprehensive score, reflecting the improvement degree of the shooting performance after training.

[0274] Set a set of improvement degree thresholds, which includes small improvement T1, medium improvement T2, large improvement T3, and significant improvement T4;

[0275] When CZ ≤ T1, it is judged as a small improvement state; indicating that the improvement after training is relatively small, and it may be necessary to further consolidate the training results or find other aspects that can be improved;

[0276] When T1 < CZ ≤ T2, it is judged as a medium improvement state; indicating that there is a certain degree of improvement after training, but there is still room for further improvement;

[0277] When T2 < CZ ≤ T3, it is judged as a large improvement state; indicating that the improvement after training is relatively obvious, but it can still be further improved.

[0278] When CZ > T1, it is judged as a significant improvement state; indicating that the improvement after training is very significant and reaches a relatively high level.

[0279] By setting a set of improvement degree thresholds, the progress amplitude after training can be quantitatively evaluated, helping coaches and athletes understand the training effect and the degree of improvement. According to different improvement states, corresponding subsequent training plans can be formulated to further improve the shooting performance.

[0280] For example, if it is judged as a small improvement state, it is possible to analyze which aspects are still lacking and adjust the training plan to strengthen the training in these aspects; if it is a significant improvement state, it is possible to consider challenging higher-difficulty training goals or maintaining the existing training intensity to consolidate the improvement results.

[0281] Combined with the contents of step 601 to step 602: the comprehensive score ZH before training and the comprehensive score XLH after training are calculated by specific formulas, and multiple key factors such as shooting angle, shooting speed, standard deviation of vertical speed component, heart rate influence coefficient and hit rate are comprehensively considered, which can comprehensively and objectively reflect the shooting performance level before and after training. The flexible setting of weight coefficients allows adjustment according to actual conditions, such as determining the degree of influence of each parameter on shooting performance through expert experience and data analysis, so as to make the evaluation more accurate and in line with actual conditions. Calculating the improvement amplitude value CZ and setting the improvement degree threshold set can quantitatively evaluate the improvement after training, helping coaches and athletes to clearly understand the training effect and improvement degree. According to different improvement states, corresponding follow-up training plans are formulated. When the improvement is small, the shortcomings can be analyzed in a targeted manner and the plan can be adjusted to strengthen the training. When the improvement is large, higher difficulty goals can be challenged or the intensity can be maintained to consolidate the results, which realizes the personalization and scientificization of training, helps to continuously improve the shooting performance, and provides a clear direction and effective feedback mechanism for the training of athletes.

[0282] On the other hand, the present invention also discloses a shooting auxiliary training system based on image data analysis, comprising:

[0283] The image acquisition and data fusion module is used to obtain the shooting data of the athlete during the shooting process in the current training cycle;

[0284] The data extraction and 3D reconstruction module can calculate the basic shooting data based on the shooting data, and calculate the shooting angle θ based on the basic shooting data i , Shot speed v i , vertical velocity component vy i , and build a three-dimensional model of shooting action in combination with shooting data;

[0285] The first data analysis module is based on the basic shooting data and the shooting angle θ i , Shot speed v i and the vertical velocity component v yi Calculate the standard deviation of shooting angle before training σ θ , standard deviation of shooting speed before training σ v , standard deviation of vertical velocity component before training σ vy , hit rate HRe and heart rate influence coefficient r;

[0286] The first data comparison module is used to preset a threshold set; the corresponding thresholds of the threshold set are compared with the standard deviation σ of the shooting angle before training θ , standard deviation of shooting speed before training σ v , standard deviation of vertical velocity component before training σ vy Compare with the heart rate influence coefficient r and choose different training plans based on the evaluation results;

[0287] The second data analysis module is used to obtain shooting data after auxiliary training and evaluate the results of different training programs to determine their effectiveness;

[0288] The data feedback module is used to calculate the pre-training comprehensive score ZH and the post-training comprehensive score XLH, and further calculate the improvement value CZ, judge the state improvement effect based on the improvement value CZ, and combine the data before and after training to form an effect display report.

[0289] The above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. A person of ordinary skill in the art may appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in electronic hardware or in combination with computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0290] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0291] The above description is only a specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A shooting auxiliary training method based on image data analysis, characterized in that: Including: Obtain the shooting data of the athlete during the current training cycle in the shooting process; Calculate the basic shooting data based on the shooting data, and calculate the shooting angle θ based on the basic shooting data i , Shot speed v i , vertical velocity component vy i , and build a three-dimensional model of shooting action in combination with shooting data; Based on the basic shooting data and shooting angle θ i , Shot speed v i and the vertical velocity component vy i Calculate the standard deviation of shooting angle before training σ θ , standard deviation of shooting speed before training σ v , standard deviation of vertical velocity component before training σ vy , hit rate HRe and heart rate influence coefficient r before training; Preset threshold value collection; compare the corresponding threshold values ​​of the threshold value collection with the standard deviation σ of the shooting angle before training θ , standard deviation of shooting speed before training σ v , standard deviation of vertical velocity component before training σ vy Compare with the heart rate influence coefficient r and choose different training plans based on the evaluation results; Judge the effectiveness of the results of different training programs; Calculate the comprehensive score ZH before training and the comprehensive score XLH after training, and further calculate the progress amplitude value CZ. Based on the progress amplitude value CZ, judge the state improvement effect, and form an effect display report by combining the data before and after training.

2. The shooting auxiliary training method based on image data analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for obtaining the shooting image data one is as follows: Input the preset shooting area through the system interface and activate various sensors and camera arrays; Continuously monitor the athlete's image data and sensor data through the sensors and cameras, perform time synchronization and spatial alignment to obtain the shooting image data one.

3. The shooting auxiliary training method based on image data analysis according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method for constructing the three-dimensional model of the shooting action is as follows: Use the convolutional neural network CNN to identify and extract the shooter's arm, wrist and shooting action in the image data to obtain the basic shooting data; Calculate the shooting angle θ according to the basic shooting data i and shooting speed v i ; According to the shooting angle θ i and shooting speed v i Calculate the vertical velocity component vy i ; According to the shooting angle θ i and shooting speed v i Calculate the vertical velocity component vy i , combined with image data, a three-dimensional model of the shooting action is constructed.

4. The shooting auxiliary training method based on image data analysis according to claim 3, characterized in that: Calculate the shooting angle θ i The method is: The basic shooting data at least includes the shooting arm coordinates (xb i , yb i ) and shooting wrist coordinates (xw i , yw i ); According to the shooting arm coordinates (xb i , yb i ) and shooting wrist coordinates (xw i , yw i ) Calculate the shooting angle θ i , the formula is as follows: θ i =here2(yw i -y bi ,xw i -x bi ) Among them, θ i is the angle between the shooting arm or wrist and the horizontal plane during the i-th shot, i is the sequence number of the shot, and the value is a positive integer, θ i The value range is The result is mapped to [-90°,90°] by adjusting the coordinate system.

5. The shooting auxiliary training method based on image data analysis according to claim 4, characterized in that: Calculate the hand speed v i The method is: The basic shooting data also includes the coordinates of the shooting time point (xs i , ys i ), the coordinates of the end time point (xj i , yj i ); According to the coordinates of the shooting time point (xs i , ys i ) and the end time point coordinates (xj i , yj i ) Calculate the hand speed v i , the formula is as follows: Among them, t is the interval between these two time points, and the shooting speed v i represents the shooting speed of the i-th shooting action, which is a positive integer; Calculate the vertical velocity component vy i The formula is as follows: vy i =v i ·sin(θ i ) Among them, sin(θ i ) represents the proportional relationship between the vertical component and the total velocity; when θ i When it is 0°, sin(θ i )=0, indicating no vertical component; when θ i When it is 90°, sin(θ i )=1, indicating that the vertical component is equal to the total velocity, the vertical velocity component vy i Represents the vertical velocity component calculated for the i-th shooting action.

6. The shooting auxiliary training method based on image data analysis according to claim 5, characterized in that: Calculate the standard deviation of shooting angle before training σ θ , standard deviation of shooting speed before training σ v , standard deviation of vertical velocity component before training σ vy , the method of calculating the hit rate HRe and heart rate influence coefficient r before training is: The basic shooting data also includes the shooting angle θ a , Hit speed v a , vertical velocity component vy a ; Calculate the average shooting angle θ avg , average shot speed v avg and the average component value of vertical velocity vy avg ; According to the shooting angle θ i , Shot speed v i , vertical velocity component vy i , the average shooting angle θ avg , average shot speed v avg and the average component value of vertical velocity vy avg Calculate the standard deviation of shooting angle before training σ θ , standard deviation of shooting speed before training σ v , standard deviation of vertical velocity component before training σ vy The formulas are as follows: The basic shooting data also includes the number of hits MZ and the total number of shots ZCS. Calculate the shooting hit rate HRe before training according to the number of hits MZ and the total number of shots ZCS. The formula is as follows: The basic shooting data also includes the heart rate value HR. Calculate the heart rate influence coefficient r according to the heart rate value HR and the shooting hit rate HRe. The formula is as follows: Where, cov represents the covariance function, and the value range is (-∞, +∞), std represents the standard deviation function, and the value range is [0, +∞).

7. The shooting auxiliary training method based on image data analysis according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method for selecting different training programs is as follows: The threshold set includes the standard deviation threshold JD of the shooting angle before training, the standard deviation threshold SD of the shooting speed before training, the standard deviation threshold CZS of the vertical velocity component before training and the ideal interval range [L min ,X max ]; When σ θ When ≤JD, it is judged that there is no need to increase the shooting angle training; When σ θ >JD, it is judged that training to increase shooting angle is needed; When σ v <SD, it is determined that training to increase the shooting speed is not required; When σ v >SD, it is judged that training to increase the speed of the shot is needed; When σ vy <is less than CZS, it is determined that no training for increasing vertical force is required; When σ vy >CZS, it is judged that it is necessary to increase the vertical force training. When L min ≤r≤X max When , it means that the relationship between heart rate and hit rate is within the ideal range, and there is no need to increase cardiopulmonary function training; When <L min or r>X max When you are in the middle of a day, you need to increase your cardiopulmonary function training; Select different auxiliary training programs according to the evaluation results, specifically as follows: When σ θ >JD, choose auxiliary training plan 1; When σ v >SD, choose auxiliary training plan 2; When σ vy >CZS, choose auxiliary training plan 3; When <L min or r>X max When the training is completed, select auxiliary training plan 4; When there are multiple non-compliances, select one of the auxiliary training programs as the improvement program. When the standard is met, replace it with other auxiliary training programs until all items meet the standard.

8. The shooting auxiliary training method based on image data analysis according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific method for judging the effectiveness of the results of different auxiliary training programs is as follows: When auxiliary training scheme 1 is selected, the standard deviation of shooting angle after the first training cycle after auxiliary training, σX θ And the hit rate after training HReX, the standard deviation of the shooting angle after training σX θ The standard deviation of shooting angle before training σ θ Compare with the standard deviation threshold JD before shooting angle training; when JD<σX θ <σ θ , and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and there is room for improvement, and this training should be continued; when σX θ <JD<σ θ When JD < σ, and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and meets the standard, and there is no need to continue this training; when JD < σ θ <σX θ , it is determined that this auxiliary training is invalid and the training content needs to be changed; and if the hit rate after training HReX ≤ the hit rate before training HRe, then this auxiliary training is invalid; When auxiliary training scheme 2 is selected, the standard deviation of the shooting speed after the first training cycle after auxiliary training, σX v and the hit rate after training HReX, the standard deviation of the shooting speed after training σX v and the standard deviation of shooting speed before training σ v Compared with the standard deviation threshold SD before hand speed training; when SD<σX v <σ v , and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and there is room for improvement, and this training should be continued; when σX v <SD<σ v When SD < σ v <σX v , it is determined that this auxiliary training is invalid and the training content needs to be changed; and if the hit rate after training HReX ≤ the hit rate before training HRe, then this auxiliary training is invalid; When auxiliary training scheme 3 is selected, the standard deviation σX of the vertical velocity component after the first training cycle after auxiliary training is calculated. vy And the hit rate after training HReX, the standard deviation of the vertical velocity component after training σX vy The standard deviation of the vertical velocity component before training σ vy Compare with the standard deviation threshold CZS of the vertical velocity component before training; when CZS<σX vy <σ vy , and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and there is room for improvement, and this training should be continued; when σX vy <CZS<σ vy , and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and meets the standard, and there is no need to continue this training; when CZS<σ vy <σX vy , it is determined that this auxiliary training is invalid and the training content needs to be changed; and if the hit rate after training HReX ≤ the hit rate before training HRe, then this auxiliary training is invalid; When auxiliary training program 4 is selected, the heart rate influence coefficient rX and the hit rate HReX after training in the first training cycle after auxiliary training are calculated, and the heart rate influence coefficient rX after training is compared with the heart rate influence coefficient r before training and the ideal interval range [L min ,X max ] to compare; when X max <rX<r, and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and this training should be continued; when rX<X max <r, and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is determined that this auxiliary training is effective and meets the standard, and there is no need to continue this training; when r <rX<L min When r<L min <rX, and the hit rate HReX after training is greater than the hit rate HRe before training, it is judged that the standard has been met and there is no need to continue this training; and if the hit rate HReX after training ≤ the hit rate HRe before training, the auxiliary training is invalid.

9. The shooting auxiliary training method based on image data analysis according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method for judging the state improvement effect is as follows: The standard deviation σ before training according to the shooting angle θ , standard deviation of shooting speed before training σ v , standard deviation of vertical velocity component before training σ vy , heart rate influence coefficient r and pre-training hit rate HRe are used to calculate the pre-training comprehensive score ZH, based on the following formula: ZH=w1×σ θ +w2×σ v +w3×σ vy +w4×r+w5×HRe Where w1 is the standard deviation of the shooting angle before training σ θ The weight coefficient ranges from 0.1 to 0.3, and w2 is the standard deviation of the shooting speed before training σ v The weight coefficient ranges from 0.2 to 0.4, and w3 is the standard deviation of the vertical velocity component before training σ vy The weight coefficient of is in the range of 0.15 to 0.35, w4 is the weight coefficient of the heart rate influence coefficient r, in the range of 0.05 to 0.2, w5 is the weight coefficient of the hit rate HRe before training, in the range of 0.2 to 0.4, and w1+w2+w3+w4+w5=1; The standard deviation σX after training according to the shooting angle θ , standard deviation of shooting speed after training σX v , standard deviation of vertical velocity component after training σX vy , the heart rate influence coefficient rX after training and the hit rate HReX after training, and calculate the comprehensive score XLH after training, based on the formula: XLH=z1×σX θ +z2×σX v +z3×σX vy +z4×rX+z5×HReX Among them, z1 is the standard deviation of the shooting angle after training σX θ The weight coefficient ranges from 0.1 to 0.3, and z2 is the standard deviation of the shooting speed after training σX v The weight coefficient ranges from 0.2 to 0.4, and z3 is the standard deviation of the vertical velocity component after training σX vy The weight coefficient of is in the range of 0.15 to 0.35, z4 is the weight coefficient of the heart rate influence coefficient rX after training, in the range of 0.05 to 0.2, z5 is the weight coefficient of the hit rate HReX after training, in the range of 0.2 to 0.4, and z1+z2+z3+z4+z5=1; Calculate the progress amplitude value CZ according to the comprehensive score ZH before training and the comprehensive score XLH after training. The formula is: CZ = ZH - XLH Set the improvement degree threshold set, and the improvement degree threshold set includes small amplitude improvement T1, medium amplitude improvement T2, and large amplitude improvement T3; When CZ ≤ T1, it is judged as a small amplitude improvement state; When T1 < CZ ≤ T2, it is judged as a medium amplitude improvement state; When T2 < CZ ≤ T3, it is judged as a large amplitude improvement state; When CZ > T3, it is judged as an ultra-large amplitude improvement state.

10. A shooting auxiliary training system based on image data analysis, characterized in that: Including: An image acquisition and data fusion module, used to obtain the shooting data of the athlete during the current training cycle in the shooting process; The data extraction and 3D reconstruction module can calculate the basic shooting data based on the shooting data, and calculate the shooting angle θ based on the basic shooting data i , Shot speed v i , vertical velocity component vy i , and build a three-dimensional model of shooting action in combination with shooting data; The first data analysis module is based on the basic shooting data and the shooting angle θ i , Shot speed v i and the vertical velocity component v yi Calculate the standard deviation of shooting angle before training σ θ , standard deviation of shooting speed before training σ v , standard deviation of vertical velocity component before training σ vy , hit rate HRe and heart rate influence coefficient r; The first data comparison module is used to preset a threshold set; the corresponding thresholds of the threshold set are compared with the standard deviation σ of the shooting angle before training θ , standard deviation of shooting speed before training σ v , standard deviation of vertical velocity component before training σ vy Compare with the heart rate influence coefficient r and choose different training plans based on the evaluation results; A second data analysis module, used to judge the effectiveness of the results of different training programs; A data feedback module, used to calculate the comprehensive score ZH before training and the comprehensive score XLH after training, and further calculate the progress amplitude value CZ. Based on the progress amplitude value CZ, judge the state improvement effect, and form an effect display report by combining the data before and after training.

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