Nutrient bacterial fertilizer and application thereof in continuous cropping orchard planting

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a nutritional bacterial fertilizer and application thereof in continuous cropping orchard planting. The nutritional bacterial fertilizer provided by the invention comprises a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphorus fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer, an organic fertilizer, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma harzianum, and the organic fertilizer can improve the content of organic matters in soil; probiotic fungi (trichoderma harzianum) and probiotic bacteria (bacillus subtilis) are cooperatively applied, so that the absorption of mineral nutrition by the root system of the fruit tree can be promoted, and pathogenic fungi are prevented from infecting the root system of the fruit tree; meanwhile, antibiotic substances capable of inhibiting growth of bacteria, viruses, fungi and pathogens can be generated, and the effect of killing harmful microorganisms in soil is achieved; on the basis of optimizing the proportion of a conventional nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium formula, the calcium nutrition proportion is added, the formula is scientific and accurate, the main problems of serious physiological diseases, quality reduction and the like of apple fruits are solved, the utilization rate of tree body nutrients is remarkably increased, and the fruit quality is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a nutrient bacterial fertilizer and application thereof in continuous cropping orchard planting. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the fruit tree industry has developed rapidly, with accelerated renewal and replacement, and old orchards have been constantly cleared and renewed. However, fruit trees in almost every region are facing the threat of replanting disease, which has caused great economic losses to fruit farmers. Replanting disease, also known as replanting disease and continuous cropping disorder, refers to the phenomenon that the same type of fruit trees are repeatedly planted on the same piece of land, and the growth of subsequent fruit trees is inhibited, resulting in low fruit yield and poor quality. How to solve the replanting disease has become a top priority.

[0003] The disease of continuous cropping is not caused by a single factor, but the result of multiple factors. The traditional cultivation mode, nutrition formula and fertilization method are no longer suitable for the development of modern fruit industry. The development of a special fertilizer suitable for continuous cropping orchards will be of great significance to improve and enhance the quality of orchard soil, solve soil nutrition barriers, reduce the accumulation of toxic substances in the soil, and improve the healthy growth level of trees. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a nutrient fertilizer and its application in continuous cropping orchard planting, so as to solve the problems of fruit tree replanting obstacles such as deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties, weak tree growth, reduced fruit quality, serious pest and disease damage caused by soil nutrient imbalance, accumulation of toxic substances, changes in soil microbial communities, reduced soil enzyme activity, etc. in continuous cropping orchards, improve the soil in continuous cropping orchards, solve continuous cropping diseases in orchards and reduce physiological diseases of fruits.

[0005] The invention provides a nutrient bacterial fertilizer, comprising nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potash fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, organic fertilizer, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum;

[0006] The organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is ≥45wt.%, and the total amount of N, P2O5 and K2O is ≥5.0wt.%;

[0007] The independent viable count of the Bacillus subtilis is ≥ 40 billion CFU / g;

[0008] The independent viable count of Trichoderma harzianum is ≥ 40 billion CFU / g;

[0009] The masses of the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and calcium fertilizer are respectively calculated as the masses of N, P2O5, K2O and CaO; the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and calcium fertilizer is 1.2:1.0:0.5:0.9.

[0010] Preferably, the organic fertilizer is sheep manure.

[0011] The present invention also provides the application of the nutrient bacterial fertilizer described in the above technical solution in continuous orchard planting.

[0012] Preferably, the continuous orchard planting includes one or more of improving the continuous orchard soil, solving the continuous orchard disease and reducing the physiological diseases of the fruit.

[0013] Preferably, the fruit physiological diseases include water core disease and / or bitter pit disease;

[0014] The solution to orchard continuous cropping disease includes improving the yield and / or quality of fruit trees in continuous cropping orchards;

[0015] The improving of soil in a continuously cropped orchard comprises one or more of increasing the mineral nutrient content of soil in a continuously cropped orchard, increasing the enzyme activity of soil in a continuously cropped orchard, increasing the carbon and nitrogen content of soil microbial biomass in a continuously cropped orchard, and increasing the biodiversity of soil in a continuously cropped orchard.

[0016] Preferably, the mineral nutrition includes one or more of organic matter, total nitrogen, total potassium, alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium;

[0017] The quality detection indicators include one or more of fruit firmness, titratable acid, vitamin C, soluble sugar, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, N / Ca value, P / Ca value, K / Ca value and calcium.

[0018] Preferably, the continuous cropping orchard is a continuous cropping apple orchard.

[0019] Preferably, the continuous cropping orchard includes a continuous cropping dwarf rootstock orchard or a continuous cropping tall rootstock orchard.

[0020] The present invention also provides a method for fertilizing a continuous dwarf stock apple orchard based on the nutrient fertilizer described in the technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0021] 360kg~415kg / 667m 2 Organic fertilizer, 600g~800g / 667m 2 Bacillus subtilis, 600g~800g / 667m 2 Trichoderma harzianum, 12.0kg / 667m 2 Nitrogen fertilizer, 10.0kg / 667m 2 Phosphate fertilizer, 5.0kg / 667m 2 Potash fertilizer and 9.0kg / 667m 2 Calcium fertilizer is applied to the continuous dwarf rootstock apple orchard;

[0022] The Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are applied 15 to 30 days before the fruit matures;

[0023] The nitrogen fertilizer is applied in three periods: 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer is applied 7 to 10 days before flowering, 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer is applied during the young fruit expansion period, and 20% of the total nitrogen fertilizer is applied before the fruit matures;

[0024] The potassium fertilizer is applied in three periods: 20% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer is applied 7 to 10 days before flowering, 40% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer is applied during the young fruit expansion period, and 40% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer is applied before the fruit matures;

[0025] The calcium fertilizer is applied in three periods: 20% of the total calcium fertilizer is applied 7 to 10 days before flowering, 50% of the total calcium fertilizer is applied during the young fruit expansion period, and 30% of the total calcium fertilizer is applied before the fruit matures.

[0026] The present invention also provides a method for fertilizing a continuous-cropping apple orchard based on the nutrient fertilizer described in the technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0027] 5 kg / plant organic fertilizer, 5.0 g to 6.5 g / plant Bacillus subtilis, 5.0 g to 6.5 g / plant Trichoderma harzianum, 0.22 kg / plant nitrogen fertilizer, 0.18 kg / plant phosphorus fertilizer, 0.09 kg / plant potassium fertilizer and 0.16 kg / plant calcium fertilizer were applied to the continuous dwarf stock apple orchard;

[0028] The Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are applied 15 to 30 days before the fruit matures;

[0029] The nitrogen fertilizer is applied in three periods: 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer is applied 7 to 10 days before flowering, 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer is applied during the young fruit expansion period, and 20% of the total nitrogen fertilizer is applied before the fruit matures;

[0030] The potassium fertilizer is applied in three periods: 20% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer is applied 7 to 10 days before flowering, 40% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer is applied during the young fruit expansion period, and 40% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer is applied before the fruit matures;

[0031] The calcium fertilizer is applied in three periods: 20% of the total calcium fertilizer is applied 7 to 10 days before flowering, 50% of the total calcium fertilizer is applied during the young fruit expansion period, and 30% of the total calcium fertilizer is applied before the fruit matures.

[0032] Beneficial effects:

[0033] The invention provides a nutrient fertilizer, comprising nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, organic fertilizer, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum; the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is ≥45wt.%, the total amount of N, P2O5 and K2O is ≥5.0wt.%; the number of independent viable bacteria of the Bacillus subtilis is ≥40 billion CFU / g; the number of independent viable bacteria of the Trichoderma harzianum is ≥40 billion CFU / g; the masses of the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer are respectively calculated by the masses of N, P2O5, K2O and CaO; the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer is 1.2:1.0:0.5:0.9. The present invention can increase the content of soil organic matter by applying organic fertilizers; the application of probiotic fungi (Trichoderma harzianum) and probiotic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) can promote the absorption of mineral nutrients by the root system of fruit trees and hinder the infection of the root system of fruit trees by pathogenic fungi; at the same time, antibiotic substances that inhibit the growth of bacteria, viruses, fungi and pathogens can be produced, which plays a role in killing harmful microorganisms in the soil; the present invention adds calcium nutrition ratio on the basis of optimizing the conventional nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium formula ratio, and the formula is scientific and accurate, which solves the main problems of serious physiological diseases and quality decline of apple fruits, significantly improves the nutrient utilization rate of the tree body, and significantly improves the fruit quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below.

[0035] Figure 1 The soil microbial fungal species composition of each treatment group;

[0036] Figure 2 The composition of soil microbial bacteria in each treatment group. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The invention provides a nutrient bacterial fertilizer, comprising nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potash fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, organic fertilizer, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum;

[0038] The organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is ≥45wt.%, and the total amount of N, P2O5 and K2O is ≥5.0wt.%;

[0039] The independent viable count of the Bacillus subtilis is ≥ 40 billion CFU / g;

[0040] The independent viable count of Trichoderma harzianum is ≥ 40 billion CFU / g;

[0041] The masses of the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and calcium fertilizer are respectively calculated as the masses of N, P2O5, K2O and CaO; the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and calcium fertilizer is 1.2:1.0:0.5:0.9.

[0042] In the present invention, the organic fertilizer is preferably sheep manure. The Bacillus subtilis of the present invention is preferably a water-soluble powder, with a viable count of ≥40 billion CFU / g; the Bacillus subtilis preferably complies with NY / T2293.2-2012. The Trichoderma harzianum of the present invention is preferably a water-soluble powder, with a viable count of ≥40 billion CFU / g; the Trichoderma harzianum preferably complies with NY / T 2888.2-2016.

[0043] The invention uses nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, organic fertilizer, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum as ingredients, and has the functions of promoting nutrient absorption of fruit trees, protecting the root system of fruit trees from infection by harmful microorganisms and killing harmful microorganisms; and the invention adds the calcium nutrient ratio on the basis of adjusting the ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and the formula is scientific and accurate, which can further solve the main problems of serious physiological diseases of apple fruits and quality decline, and the nutrient utilization rate of the tree is significantly improved, and the fruit quality is significantly improved.

[0044] In view of the advantages of the nutrient fertilizer provided by the present invention, the application of the nutrient fertilizer in continuous orchard planting also belongs to the protection scope of the present invention. In the present invention, the continuous orchard is preferably a continuous apple orchard; the continuous orchard is preferably a continuous dwarf stock orchard or a continuous tall stock orchard.

[0045] In the present invention, the continuous orchard planting preferably includes one or more of improving the soil in the continuous orchard, solving the continuous cropping disease in the orchard and reducing the physiological diseases of the fruit, and further preferably includes improving the soil in the continuous orchard, solving the continuous cropping disease in the orchard and reducing the physiological diseases of the fruit.

[0046] In the present invention, the fruit physiological diseases preferably include water core disease and / or bitter pit disease, and more preferably heart disease.

[0047] In the present invention, the solution to orchard continuous cropping disease preferably includes improving the yield and / or quality of fruit trees in continuous cropping orchards. The quality detection indexes of the present invention preferably include one or more of fruit firmness, titratable acid, vitamin C, soluble sugar, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, N / Ca value, P / Ca value, K / Ca value and calcium, and further preferably include fruit firmness, titratable acid, vitamin C, soluble sugar, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, N / Ca value, P / Ca value, K / Ca value and calcium.

[0048] In the present invention, the improvement of soil in a continuous orchard preferably includes increasing the mineral nutrient content of soil in a continuous orchard, increasing the enzyme activity of soil in a continuous orchard, increasing the carbon and nitrogen content of soil microbial biomass in a continuous orchard, and increasing the biodiversity of soil in a continuous orchard. The mineral nutrition of the present invention preferably includes one or more of organic matter, total nitrogen, total potassium, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, and more preferably organic matter, total nitrogen, total potassium, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium.

[0049] The present invention also provides a method for fertilizing a continuous dwarf stock apple orchard based on the nutrient fertilizer described in the technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0050] 360kg~415kg / 667m 2 Organic fertilizer, 600g~800g / 667m 2 Bacillus subtilis, 600g~800g / 667m 2 Trichoderma harzianum, 12.0kg / 667m 2 Nitrogen fertilizer, 10.0kg / 667m 2 Phosphate fertilizer, 5.0kg / 667m 2 Potash fertilizer and 9.0kg / 667m 2 Calcium fertilizer is applied to the continuous dwarf rootstock apple orchard;

[0051] The Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are applied 15 to 30 days before the fruit matures;

[0052] The nitrogen fertilizer is applied in three periods: 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer is applied 7 to 10 days before flowering, 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer is applied during the young fruit expansion period, and 20% of the total nitrogen fertilizer is applied before the fruit matures;

[0053] The potassium fertilizer is applied in three periods: 20% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer is applied 7 to 10 days before flowering, 40% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer is applied during the young fruit expansion period, and 40% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer is applied before the fruit matures;

[0054] The calcium fertilizer is applied in three periods: 20% of the total calcium fertilizer is applied 7 to 10 days before flowering, 50% of the total calcium fertilizer is applied during the young fruit expansion period, and 30% of the total calcium fertilizer is applied before the fruit matures.

[0055] In the present invention, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is preferably 380kg to 410kg / 667m 2 , more preferably 400kg / 667m 2 The amount of Bacillus subtilis applied is preferably 650g to 750g / 667m 2 , more preferably 700g / 667m 2The application amount of Trichoderma harzianum is preferably 650g to 750g / 667m 2 , more preferably 700g / 667m 2 The spacing between apple trees in the continuous dwarf stock apple orchard of the present invention is preferably (1.5-2 m)×(4.0-4.5 m).

[0056] The present invention combines the cultivation mode of the continuous cropping dwarf stock apple orchard, limits the application amount and application time of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, organic fertilizer, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum, can further improve the mineral nutrient content in the soil, affect the enzyme activity of the soil in the continuous cropping apple orchard, increase the enzyme activity, and improve the soil quality of the continuous cropping orchard.

[0057] The present invention also provides a method for fertilizing a continuous-cropping apple orchard based on the nutrient fertilizer described in the technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0058] 5 kg / plant organic fertilizer, 5.0 g to 6.5 g / plant Bacillus subtilis, 5.0 g to 6.5 g / plant Trichoderma harzianum, 0.22 kg / plant nitrogen fertilizer, 0.18 kg / plant phosphorus fertilizer, 0.09 kg / plant potassium fertilizer and 0.16 kg / plant calcium fertilizer were applied to the continuous dwarf stock apple orchard;

[0059] The Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are applied 15 to 30 days before the fruit matures;

[0060] The nitrogen fertilizer is applied in three periods: 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer is applied 7 to 10 days before flowering, 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer is applied during the young fruit expansion period, and 20% of the total nitrogen fertilizer is applied before the fruit matures;

[0061] The potassium fertilizer is applied in three periods: 20% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer is applied 7 to 10 days before flowering, 40% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer is applied during the young fruit expansion period, and 40% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer is applied before the fruit matures;

[0062] The calcium fertilizer is applied in three periods: 20% of the total calcium fertilizer is applied 7 to 10 days before flowering, 50% of the total calcium fertilizer is applied during the young fruit expansion period, and 30% of the total calcium fertilizer is applied before the fruit matures.

[0063] In the present invention, the application amount of the Bacillus subtilis is preferably 5.5g-6.2g / plant, more preferably 6.0g / plant; the application amount of the Trichoderma harzianum is preferably 5.5g-6.2g / plant, more preferably 6.0g / plant. The row spacing of apples in the continuous rootstock apple orchard of the present invention is preferably (1.5-2m)×(4.0-4.5m).

[0064] The present invention combines the cultivation mode of the continuous-cropping rootstock apple orchard, limits the application amount and application time of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, organic fertilizer, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum, and can further increase the organic matter content of the orchard soil, promote the calcium content in the fruit, improve the quality of the apple fruit, and reduce the occurrence of physiological diseases such as water core disease.

[0065] In order to further illustrate the present invention, a nutrient bacterial fertilizer provided by the present invention and its application in continuous orchard planting are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0066] Example 1

[0067] (1) Conventional orchard nutrition formulas are formulated based on the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and most of them adopt a 1:1:1 formula ratio. A survey of the nutrition level, fertilization status and fruit quality of 60 apple orchards in the main production areas of Longdong and Tianshui in Gansu Province found that the overall calcium nutrition level of fruit trees was low, the calcium content of apple leaves was low, and the calcium application time was unreasonable or no calcium was applied, resulting in calcium deficiency in leaves and fruits, and the incidence of apple water core disease was as high as over 80%.

[0068] (2) Based on the conclusion of step (1), a study on the calcium nutrition diagnosis of apple leaves was conducted, and a comparative analysis of the calcium nutrition of apple trees from 2007 to 2008 was conducted. The results showed that the calcium content of apple leaves decreased from an average of 14.59 g / kg to 13.44 g / kg, which was lower than the standard value of apple leaf calcium of 18.3 g / kg to 28.6 g / kg (Technical Regulations for Nutrition Diagnosis and Fertilization of Apple Leaves (DB62 / T4496-2022)). There was also a trend of a continuous decrease in calcium content.

[0069] (3) Based on the conclusions of step (1) and step (2), the order of fertilizer requirements of apple leaf nutrients was studied. According to the yield of apple orchards, with 2500 kg / mu as the standard yield, the orchards were divided into high-yield orchards (yield>2500 kg / mu) and low-yield orchards (yield<2500 kg / mu), including 11 high-yield orchards and 25 low-yield orchards, for a total of 36 orchards. According to the nutritional diagnosis method, the difference between the high-yield group and the low-yield group was analyzed for each diagnostic parameter. Only the most significant difference was selected as the important parameter for each group of parameters. The selected important parameters were: N / P, N / Ca, N / Mg, P / Zn, K / Ca, Fe / Cu, Zn / Ca, Zn / Mg, Ca / Mg, Cu / Ca, Cu / Mg, K / Zn, Mg / K, Cu / N, K / P, Fe / P, Ca / P, Mg / P, Zn / Fe, Zn / Cu. These important parameters were substituted into the corresponding calculation formula of DRIS diagnosis to diagnose the nutrient content of leaves in low-yield orchards in apple producing areas. The results showed that the order of fertilizer requirement for leaf nutrient content in low-yield orchards was P>K>Ca>Zn>N>Mg>Fe>Cu.

[0070] Combining steps (1) and (3), it is not difficult to find that increasing calcium nutrition in apples is very necessary and plays a key role in improving the yield and quality of fruit trees.

[0071] Example 2

[0072] 1. Experimental area: The continuous cropping orchards of farmers in Zhiping Town, Jingning County, the apple producing area of ​​the Loess Plateau in eastern Gansu. The cultivated varieties are Chengji No. 1 and Yanfu No. 6, the rootstock is wild apple of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the tree age is 7 years, and the planting row spacing is 2m×4m.

[0073] 2. Soil treatment (new planting of young trees)

[0074] In the previous autumn, old trees were dug out, residual roots and debris were removed, the pits were dried and sterilized, and the land was prepared the following spring, and apple trees were planted away from the pits.

[0075] 3. Experimental Design

[0076] From 2022 to 2023, a randomized block experiment design was used each year, and the experiment was randomly divided into 9 treatment groups. There were 3 plots in each treatment group, and the apple trees in each plot were repeated 3 times. There were 9 apple trees in each treatment. The fertilizer usage of each treatment group is shown in Table 1.

[0077] Table 1 Fertilizer usage in each treatment group

[0078]

[0079] Note: Nitrogen fertilizer (N) is provided by urea (N46.4%) and diammonium phosphate (P2O546%, N 18%), phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) is provided by diammonium phosphate (P2O546%, N 18%), and potash fertilizer (K2O) is provided by potassium sulfate (K2O 51%); organic fertilizer is sheep manure (organic matter ≥45%, total nutrients ≥5%).

[0080] Among them, each treatment group adopted the method of trench fertilization, and fertilized after digging a trench 30-40cm wide and 40-60cm deep at 50-100cm from the main trunk under the projection of the fruit tree crown. When fertilizing, organic fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer were fully mixed according to the dosage in Table 1 and applied once in early to mid-September (15-30 days before fruit maturity); nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and calcium fertilizer were applied in three periods according to the key phenological period of apple growth, namely before flowering (7-10 days before flowering), young fruit expansion period, and before fruit maturity (mixed with organic fertilizer in early to mid-September). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied three times at 40%, 40% and 20% of the total nitrogen, potassium fertilizer was applied at 20%, 40% and 40%, and calcium fertilizer was applied at 20%, 50% and 30%.

[0081] 4. After fertilization in the current year, soil samples were taken when the new shoots stopped growing in the second year (early July in Jingning). The soil of each treatment group was tested according to the determination method in Table 2. The test results are shown in Table 3.

[0082] Table 2 Determination methods of soil indicators

[0083]

[0084] Table 3 Soil organic matter and mineral nutrient content in each treatment group

[0085]

[0086] Note: The data in the table are the average values ​​of the test results from 2022 to 2023. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences, the same below.

[0087] According to Table 3, applying organic fertilizer will significantly increase the organic matter content of orchard soil, and the content of other nutrient elements does not differ much.

[0088] 5. Fruit samples were collected during the fruit ripening period (around October 10) and the content of macronutrients, calcium and their ratios in apple fruit were detected with reference to soil agrochemical analysis (Bao Shidan. Soil Agrochemical Analysis (3rd Edition) [M]. Beijing: Agricultural Press, 2000: 25-268.). The results are shown in Table 4.

[0089] Table 4 Macronutrients, calcium content and their ratios in apple fruit of each treatment group

[0090]

[0091] Calcium deficiency in fruits can cause physiological diseases of fruits, such as water core disease and bitter pit disease. At the same time, the greater the N / Ca, P / Ca, and K / Ca values, the higher the degree of disease. According to Table 4, the calcium content in fruits of T4 treatment (N: P2O5: K2O: CaO is 1.2: 1.0: 0.5: 0.9) and T5 treatment (N: P2O5: K2O: CaO is 1.2: 1.0: 0.5: 1.0) are the highest, and their N / Ca, P / Ca, and K / Ca values ​​are the lowest; the survey results of fruits also show that the incidence of water core disease in fruits of T4 treatment and T5 treatment is 1.52% and 1.59% respectively, with no significant difference between the two, while the incidence of water core disease in apples of other combinations is 5.83% to 71.22%, among which the incidence of water core disease in T7 treatment to T9 treatment (no calcium fertilizer and organic fertilizer) is 63.11% to 71.22%. It can be seen that supplementing with an appropriate amount of calcium nutrition can promote the calcium content in the fruit and reduce the occurrence of physiological diseases such as water core disease.

[0092] 6. Fruit samples were collected during the fruit maturity period (around October 10) and the quality of apple fruit was tested using the industry standard general method. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0093] Table 5 Apple fruit quality in each treatment group

[0094]

[0095] According to Table 5, different fertilizer ratios have a significant effect on apple fruit quality. The fruit firmness, titratable acid, Vc and soluble sugar content of the T4 treatment were the highest, especially the fruit firmness and VC content were significantly higher than those of the no calcium treatment (T7, T8 and T9). Except for T9, there were no significant differences in the soluble solids and soluble sugar content of the fruits of different treatments.

[0096] Based on the conclusions in Tables 3 to 5, the T4 treatment had a significant effect on improving the quality of apple fruit, reducing the occurrence of physiological diseases such as water core disease, and increasing the content of soil organic matter.

[0097] Example 3

[0098] 1. Experimental area: dwarf apple orchard in Jingning County, Pingliang City, Gansu Province.

[0099] 2. Soil treatment (new planting of young trees)

[0100] In the previous autumn, old trees were dug out, residual roots and debris were removed, the pits were dried and sterilized, and the land was prepared the following spring, and apple trees were planted away from the pits.

[0101] 3. Experimental Design

[0102] In the spring of 2023 (early April when the trees sprouted), a randomized block experiment design was used and the trees were randomly divided into four treatment groups, each with three plots and an area of ​​667 m 2 All treatments in each plot were randomly arranged, and 3 replicates were set for each treatment in the plot. The fertilizer usage of each treatment group is shown in Table 6.

[0103] Table 6 Fertilizer usage in each treatment group

[0104]

[0105] Note: Nitrogen fertilizer (N) is provided by urea (N46.4%) and diammonium phosphate (P2O546%, N 18%), phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) is provided by diammonium phosphate (P2O546%, N 18%), and potash fertilizer (K2O) is provided by potassium sulfate (K2O 51%); organic fertilizer is sheep manure (organic matter ≥45%, total nutrients ≥5%); the number of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis is ≥40 billion CFU / g; the number of viable bacteria of Trichoderma harzianum is ≥40 billion CFU / g.

[0106] Among them, each treatment group adopted the method of trench fertilization, and fertilized after digging a trench 30-40cm wide and 40-60cm deep at 50-100cm from the main trunk under the projection of the fruit tree crown. When fertilizing, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum were diluted 500 times, mixed with organic fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer according to the dosage in Table 1, and applied once in early and mid-September (15-30 days before fruit maturity); nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and calcium fertilizer were applied in three periods according to the key phenological period of apple growth, namely before flowering (7-10 days before flowering), young fruit expansion period, and before fruit maturity (mixed with organic fertilizer in early and mid-September). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied three times at 40%, 40% and 20% of the total nitrogen, potassium fertilizer was applied at 20%, 40% and 40%, and calcium fertilizer was applied at 20%, 50% and 30%.

[0107] 4. After fertilization in the current year, soil samples were taken when the new shoots stopped growing in the second year (early July in Jingning). The soil of each treatment group was tested according to the determination method in Table 2. The test results are shown in Table 7.

[0108] Table 7 Soil organic matter and mineral nutrient content in each treatment group

[0109]

[0110] According to Table 7, after applying bacterial fertilizer, the content of soil mineral nutrients was higher than that of CK. Among them, the mineral nutrition indexes and soil organic matter content of T3 treatment were the highest. There was no significant difference in soil organic matter and total phosphorus content between different bacterial fertilizer combinations. The main reason was that the effect of bacterial fertilizer on soil organic matter and total phosphorus was slow, which could only be reflected after continuous application for 2 to 3 years. The total nitrogen, total potassium, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the soil of T3 treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments. Comprehensive analysis showed that T3 treatment, i.e., the combination of sheep manure + Bacillus subtilis + Trichoderma harzianum, could significantly increase the mineral nutrition content in the soil and lay the foundation for the efficient utilization of nutrients in the orchard.

[0111] 5. After fertilization in the current year, soil samples were taken when the new shoots stopped growing in the second year (early July in Jingning) to test the soil enzyme activity. The results are shown in Table 8.

[0112] Table 8 Soil enzyme activities in each treatment group

[0113]

[0114] According to Table 8, the activities of sucrase, β-1,4-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase and β-1,4-xylosidase in T2 and T3 treatments were significantly higher than those in the treatment with organic fertilizer alone (CK, sheep manure), while those in T1 treatment were slightly lower than those in the control. These five enzymes are all related to soil carbon and nitrogen, indicating that T2 and T3 ("organic matter + bacterial agent") can affect soil enzyme activity in apple orchards with continuous cropping, increase enzyme activity, and thus improve soil quality in continuous cropping orchards.

[0115] 6. After fertilization in the current year, soil samples were taken when the new shoots stopped growing in the second year (early July in Jingning) to test the carbon and nitrogen content of soil microbial biomass. The results are shown in Table 9.

[0116] Table 9 Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in each treatment group

[0117]

[0118]

[0119] According to Table 9, the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in the T2 and T3 treatments were higher than the control (CK). Except for the T1 treatment, which had no significant difference in microbial biomass nitrogen, the other results were significantly different from the control, indicating that "organic fertilizer + microbial agent" can effectively increase the total amount of microorganisms in the continuous orchard, and these microorganisms have a positive effect on the improvement of soil nutrients. "Organic fertilizer + microbial agent" can promote the improvement of soil quality in the continuous orchard.

[0120] 7. After fertilization in the current year, soil samples were collected when the new shoots stopped growing in the second year (early July in Jingning) to test the soil microbial community in each treatment group. The results were as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown; among them, Figure 1 and Figure 2 CK1 and CK2 represent the results of two repeated tests in the CK treatment group; T11 and T12 represent the results of two repeated tests in the T1 treatment group, and so on. Figure 1 and Figure 2 It can be seen that after adding "organic fertilizer + bacterial agent" to the T2 and T3 treatments, the main bacterial species in the soil are Spirochaetes, Euryarchaeota, Fibrobacteres, Verrucomicrobia, Chlorobi, Elusimicrobia, Cyanobacteria, Chlamydiae, Deferribacteres, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes, Fusobacillum, and Chloroflexi. The main fungi were Fungi_phy_Incertae_sedis, Ascomycota, Glomeromycota, Basidiomycota, Mucoromycota, Mortierellomycota, Chytridiomycota and Entorrhizomycota. T3 treatment can increase the diversity of soil bacteria in apple orchards with continuous cropping, thereby improving the mineralization and decomposition of soil nutrients and promoting the absorption of nutrients by plant roots.

[0121] From the above content, it can be seen that the technical solution provided by the present invention can solve the problems of fruit tree replanting obstacles such as deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties, weak tree growth, decreased fruit quality, and serious damage from pests and diseases in orchards with repeated cropping due to soil nutrient imbalance, accumulation of toxic substances, changes in soil microbial communities, and reduced soil enzyme activity, improve the soil in orchards with repeated cropping, solve orchard repeated cropping diseases, and reduce physiological diseases of fruits.

[0122] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nutrient fertilizer, characterized in that: These include nitrogen fertilizers, phosphorus fertilizers, potash fertilizers, calcium fertilizers, organic fertilizers, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum; The organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is ≥45wt.%, and the total amount of N, P2O5 and K2O is ≥5.0wt.%; The independent viable count of the Bacillus subtilis is ≥ 40 billion CFU / g; The independent viable count of Trichoderma harzianum is ≥ 40 billion CFU / g; The masses of the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and calcium fertilizer are respectively calculated as the masses of N, P2O5, K2O and CaO; the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and calcium fertilizer is 1.2:1.0:0.5:0.

9.

2. The nutrient fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer is sheep manure.

3. Application of the nutrient bacterial fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2 in continuous orchard planting.

4. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that: The continuous orchard planting includes one or more of improving the continuous orchard soil, solving the continuous orchard disease and reducing the physiological diseases of the fruit.

5. The use according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fruit physiological diseases include water core disease and / or bitter pit disease; The solution to orchard continuous cropping disease includes improving the yield and / or quality of fruit trees in continuous cropping orchards; The improving of soil in a continuously cropped orchard comprises one or more of increasing the mineral nutrient content of soil in a continuously cropped orchard, increasing the enzyme activity of soil in a continuously cropped orchard, increasing the carbon and nitrogen content of soil microbial biomass in a continuously cropped orchard, and increasing the biodiversity of soil in a continuously cropped orchard.

6. The use according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mineral nutrition includes one or more of organic matter, total nitrogen, total potassium, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium; The quality detection indicators include one or more of fruit firmness, titratable acid, vitamin C, soluble sugar, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, N / Ca value, P / Ca value, K / Ca value and calcium.

7. The use according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that: The continuous cropping orchard is a continuous cropping apple orchard.

8. The use according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that: The continuous cropping orchard includes a continuous cropping dwarf rootstock orchard or a continuous cropping tall rootstock orchard.

9. A method for fertilizing a continuous dwarf stock apple orchard based on the nutrient bacterial fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The steps include: 360kg~415kg / 667m 2 Organic fertilizer, 600g~800g / 667m 2 Bacillus subtilis, 600g~800g / 667m 2 Trichoderma harzianum, 12.0kg / 667m 2 Nitrogen fertilizer, 10.0kg / 667m 2 Phosphate fertilizer, 5.0kg / 667m 2 Potash fertilizer and 9.0kg / 667m 2 Calcium fertilizer is applied to the continuous dwarf rootstock apple orchard; The Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are applied 15 to 30 days before the fruit matures; The nitrogen fertilizer is applied in three periods: 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer is applied 7 to 10 days before flowering, 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer is applied during the young fruit expansion period, and 20% of the total nitrogen fertilizer is applied before the fruit matures; The potassium fertilizer is applied in three periods: 20% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer is applied 7 to 10 days before flowering, 40% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer is applied during the young fruit expansion period, and 40% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer is applied before the fruit matures; The calcium fertilizer is applied in three periods: 20% of the total calcium fertilizer is applied 7 to 10 days before flowering, 50% of the total calcium fertilizer is applied during the young fruit expansion period, and 30% of the total calcium fertilizer is applied before the fruit matures.

10. A method for fertilizing a continuous rootstock apple orchard based on the nutrient bacterial fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The steps include: 5 kg / plant organic fertilizer, 5.0 g to 6.5 g / plant Bacillus subtilis, 5.0 g to 6.5 g / plant Trichoderma harzianum, 0.22 kg / plant nitrogen fertilizer, 0.18 kg / plant phosphorus fertilizer, 0.09 kg / plant potassium fertilizer and 0.16 kg / plant calcium fertilizer were applied to the continuous dwarf stock apple orchard; The Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are applied 15 to 30 days before the fruit matures; The nitrogen fertilizer is applied in three periods: 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer is applied 7 to 10 days before flowering, 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer is applied during the young fruit expansion period, and 20% of the total nitrogen fertilizer is applied before the fruit matures; The potassium fertilizer is applied in three periods: 20% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer is applied 7 to 10 days before flowering, 40% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer is applied during the young fruit expansion period, and 40% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer is applied before the fruit matures; The calcium fertilizer is applied in three periods: 20% of the total calcium fertilizer is applied 7 to 10 days before flowering, 50% of the total calcium fertilizer is applied during the young fruit expansion period, and 30% of the total calcium fertilizer is applied before the fruit matures.

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